WO2011096430A1 - 電源装置 - Google Patents

電源装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011096430A1
WO2011096430A1 PCT/JP2011/052143 JP2011052143W WO2011096430A1 WO 2011096430 A1 WO2011096430 A1 WO 2011096430A1 JP 2011052143 W JP2011052143 W JP 2011052143W WO 2011096430 A1 WO2011096430 A1 WO 2011096430A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
power supply
switch
equalization
pack
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2011/052143
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
山口　昌男
玉井　幹隆
治 飼手
真一 板垣
雅幸 小林
洋由 山本
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to US13/577,745 priority Critical patent/US9030167B2/en
Priority to CN201180008697.1A priority patent/CN102754301B/zh
Priority to EP11739778A priority patent/EP2536001A1/en
Publication of WO2011096430A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011096430A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/54—Passive balancing, e.g. using resistors or parallel MOSFETs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H01M10/465—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus with solar battery as charging system
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention mainly relates to a power supply apparatus including a large capacity battery group in which both an output voltage and an output current are increased.
  • the power supply device that increases both the output voltage and the output current increases the voltage by connecting a number of batteries in series.
  • batteries connected in series are charged with the same charging current and discharged with the same current. Therefore, if all the batteries have exactly the same characteristics, no imbalance occurs in the battery voltage or the remaining capacity.
  • the battery imbalance is an imbalance of voltage and remaining capacity when charging and discharging are repeated. Furthermore, battery voltage imbalance causes overcharge or overdischarge of a specific battery.
  • a power supply device for a vehicle having a cell balance maintenance function that detects the voltage of each battery and eliminates imbalance has been developed (see Patent Document 1).
  • the power supply device 40 for a vehicle described in Patent Document 1 has a discharge circuit 42 connected in parallel with each battery 41 constituting a series battery group as shown in FIG.
  • the discharge circuit 42 is a series circuit of a discharge resistor 43 and a switching element 44.
  • the power supply device 40 discharges the battery 41 whose voltage has been increased by the discharge circuit 42 to restore the cell balance and eliminate the battery imbalance.
  • the discharge circuit 42 that discharges the battery 41 switches the switching element 44 to ON and discharges the specific battery 41 with the discharge resistor 43 to lower the voltage.
  • This power supply device 40 can eliminate the imbalance of the batteries 41 connected in series.
  • This power supply device can increase the output voltage by connecting a large number of batteries in series, but the current capacity is the current capacity of each battery. Since the output of the power supply device is proportional to the product of voltage and current, it can be further increased by increasing the current. That is, the power supply device can increase the output current and the output voltage by connecting a large number of batteries in series and in parallel, thereby further increasing the output.
  • a power supply device in which a plurality of batteries are arranged and connected in a matrix in parallel with a series like Patent Document 1, can equalize the voltages of the batteries connected in series and eliminate unbalance.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems.
  • the main object of this invention is to provide the power supply device which can perform equalization of a battery cell efficiently, connecting many battery cells in series and parallel.
  • a power supply device in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in parallel, wherein the plurality of battery cells are connected in parallel to form a battery pack.
  • a plurality of battery packs are connected in series to form a battery unit, and the plurality of battery units are connected to each other in parallel with respect to the output line.
  • a first equalization circuit that suppresses and a second equalization circuit that suppresses variations in the remaining battery capacity of the battery packs connected in series constituting each battery unit can be provided.
  • the non-uniformity between the battery units is eliminated by the first equalization circuit, and the non-uniformity between the battery packs included in each battery unit.
  • the uniformity is eliminated by the second equalization circuit, there is an advantage that the cell balance can be efficiently restored in a short time for each block without individually equalizing the battery cells.
  • the second equalization circuit 24 includes a second limiting resistor 25 and a second equalization switch 26 connected in parallel to each battery pack 20. A circuit can be provided. Thereby, the nonuniformity which arose between battery packs in each battery unit can be eliminated by the second equalization circuit.
  • the battery unit 10 can connect the battery packs 20 with a detachable connector. This makes it easy to connect and replace battery packs, especially when battery pack abnormalities occur, making it easier to replace, reducing the time to recovery and eliminating the need to replace all battery packs. As an advantage, the cost can be reduced.
  • the battery pack 20 is configured by connecting a plurality of battery blocks in which a plurality of battery cells 31 are connected in parallel, and the battery pack 20 further includes the battery pack 20.
  • a third equalization circuit 34 for equalizing a plurality of battery blocks can be provided for each battery block. Thereby, it is possible to eliminate the equalization between the plurality of battery blocks included in the battery pack.
  • the capacity of the battery group can be set to 1 KVA to 100 KVA.
  • the plurality of battery units 10 can be detachably connected to the output line OL.
  • the power supply controller 2 for controlling the parallel connection switch 12 and the equalization switch is further provided, and the power supply controller 2 sets the parallel connection switch 12 in an ON state to a battery unit. 10 are connected in parallel, the parallel connection switch 12 is turned off and the equalization switch is turned on, so that the battery units 10 can be equalized.
  • the unit voltage difference ⁇ VU can be reduced to shorten the time required for the equalizing operation.
  • the battery cell 31 constituting the battery pack 20 can be a lithium ion battery.
  • the first equalization circuit 14 and the parallel connection switch 12 are further connected in parallel, and the parallel connection switch 12 and the first equalization switch 16 are controlled.
  • a switch control circuit 6 is provided, and at the timing when the battery unit 10 is connected to the load LD, the switch control circuit 6 turns on the first equalization switch 16 of the first equalization circuit 14 and turns the battery unit 10 on.
  • the battery unit 10 can be connected to the load LD by connecting to the load LD and limiting the inrush current with the first limiting resistor 15 and turning on the parallel connection switch 12 in a state where no inrush current flows.
  • the load inrush current can be prevented while using the first equalizing circuit in combination with the circuit for preventing the inrush current without providing a dedicated circuit for preventing the load inrush current.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a power supply system using a power supply device according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. It is a block diagram which shows a mode that the equalization operation
  • It is a block diagram of the battery pack which comprises the battery unit of FIG.
  • It is a block diagram which shows the conventional power supply device.
  • It is a block diagram which shows an example of the inrush current prevention circuit connected to the output side of the power supply device shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a power supply system using a power supply device according to a second embodiment. It is a flowchart which connects the power supply device shown in FIG. 6 to load.
  • each element constituting the present invention may be configured such that a plurality of elements are constituted by the same member and the plurality of elements are shared by one member, and conversely, the function of one member is constituted by a plurality of members. It can also be realized by sharing.
  • the contents described in some examples and embodiments may be used in other examples and embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power supply system using the power supply apparatus 100
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a state in which the battery unit 10 of FIG. 1 is equalized
  • FIG. 3 is a battery unit 10 of FIG.
  • the block diagram of the battery pack 20 which comprises is shown, respectively.
  • the power supply system shown in these drawings includes a power supply device 100, a load LD, and a charging power supply CP.
  • the power supply device 100 drives the load LD after being charged by the charging power supply CP. For this reason, the power supply device 100 includes a charge mode and a discharge mode, and an equalization mode for equalizing the battery unit 10 described later.
  • the load LD and the charging power source CP are connected to the power supply device 100 via the discharging switch DS and the charging switch CS, respectively.
  • ON / OFF of the discharge switch DS and the charge switch CS is switched by the power supply controller 2 of the power supply apparatus 100.
  • the power controller 2 switches the charging switch CS to ON and the discharging switch DS to OFF to allow charging from the charging power supply CP to the power supply device 100.
  • the power supply controller 2 turns off the charging switch CS and turns on the discharging switch DS to discharge.
  • the mode is switched to permit discharge from the power supply apparatus 100 to the load LD. Further, if necessary, the charge switch CS can be turned on and the discharge switch DS can be turned on to supply power to the load LD and charge the power supply device 100 at the same time. (Load LD)
  • a load LD driven by the power supply apparatus 100 is connected to the power supply apparatus 100 via a discharge switch DS.
  • the power supply controller 2 switches the discharge switch DS to ON, connects to the load LD, and drives the load LD with the power from the power supply device 100.
  • the discharge switch DS a switching element such as an FET can be used. ON / OFF of the discharge switch DS is controlled by the power supply controller 2 of the power supply apparatus 100.
  • a charging switch CS is connected in series to the charging power source CP.
  • the charging power supply CP switches the charging switch CS to ON to charge the power supply device 100.
  • the charging switch CS is turned off. Such switching is performed by the power supply controller 2.
  • a natural energy generator using natural energy such as a solar battery panel, a wind power generator, a tidal power generator, or a geothermal power generator, or a fuel cell, a gas generator, a commercial power source, or the like can be used. .
  • a solar cell panel is used.
  • the charge switch CS can also use a switching element such as an FET. Further, ON / OFF of the charging switch CS is also controlled by the power supply controller 2 of the power supply apparatus 100.
  • the charging switch CS is connected between the output side of the charging power supply CP and the power supply device 100, and controls charging to the power supply device 100. This charging is performed by pulse charging using ON / OFF of the charging switch CS without performing voltage conversion or the like via a DC / DC converter, so that high efficiency and circuit simplification can be achieved. (Power supply device 100)
  • the power supply apparatus 100 includes a plurality of battery units 10, a parallel connection switch 12 connected to each battery unit 10, and a first equalization for equalizing each battery unit 10 that is also connected to each battery unit 10.
  • the circuit 14 includes the parallel connection switch 12, the first equalization circuit 14, the OR circuit 4 connected to the battery unit 10, and the power supply controller 2 connected to the OR circuit 4.
  • Each parallel connection switch 12 connects the battery unit 10 to the output line OL, and the battery units 10 are connected in parallel to each other via the parallel connection switch 12.
  • An IGBT or the like can be used for the parallel connection switch 12.
  • the first equalizing circuit 14 includes a first series circuit of a first limiting resistor 15 (15A and 15B in FIG. 1) and a first equalizing switch 16 (16A and 16B in FIG. 1).
  • An FET or the like can be used for the first equalization switch 16.
  • the first equalization switch 16 and the parallel connection switch 12 are ON / OFF controlled by the power supply controller 2 in accordance with an operation mode such as a charge mode, a discharge mode, and an equalization mode. In normal operation such as charging mode and discharging mode, each parallel connection switch 12 is turned on and the first equalization switch 16 is turned off. On the other hand, in equalization mode, the corresponding parallel connection switch 12 is turned off and the first equalization switch 16 is turned off. The switch 16 is switched to the ON state. (Power controller 2)
  • the power supply controller 2 is connected to and controls each battery unit 10, the OR circuit 4, the discharge switch DS, and the charge switch CS.
  • the power supply device 100 shown in FIG. 1 connects two battery units 10A and 10B in parallel, drives the load LD under the control of the power supply controller 2, and charges each battery unit 10 with the charging power supply CP.
  • the power supply controller 2 switches ON / OFF the discharge switch DS and the charge switch CS according to the discharge mode and the charge mode.
  • the power supply controller 2 is connected to each battery unit 10, and according to a signal from each battery unit 10, the first equalization switch 16 and the parallel connection switch 12 are switched ON / OFF to equalize between the battery units 10. I do.
  • the power supply controller 2 when the power supply controller 2 receives an abnormal signal from the battery unit 10 as a signal from each battery unit 10 via the pack input terminal DI of the parent pack 20 as described later, the power supply controller 2 disconnects the corresponding battery unit 10.
  • the parallel connection switch 12 is controlled.
  • the power supply controller 2 can be composed of an MPU including a microcomputer.
  • FIG. 1 an example in which two battery units 10 are connected has been described, but it is needless to say that three or more battery units can be connected.
  • all battery units are controlled by a single power supply controller.
  • a plurality of power supply controllers may be used.
  • the power supply controller is prepared separately from the battery unit, but may be provided on the battery unit side.
  • the function of the power supply controller can be integrated into the pack control circuit 39 of the battery pack 20 of the parent pack described later.
  • the power controller 2 also includes a communication interface for communicating with external devices.
  • the host device HT is connected in accordance with an existing communication protocol such as UART or RS-232C.
  • a user interface for the user to operate the power supply system can be provided.
  • an input device such as a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel, or a console can be connected to the power controller as an operation unit, so that the maximum amount of current can be defined and the use / nonuse of the connected battery unit can be set.
  • FIG. Equalization operation by the first equalization circuit 14
  • the power supply device 100 compares the output voltages (unit voltages) of the two battery units 10A and 10B with the power supply controller 2 in the discharge mode, and the unit voltage difference ⁇ VU is equal to or greater than a predetermined unit threshold (for example, 1 V). When it becomes, it shifts to the equalization mode which performs equalization operation.
  • a predetermined unit threshold for example, 1 V.
  • the voltage values of the parent pack and child pack (described later) that are the plurality of battery packs 20 included therein are summed by the pack control circuit 39 of the parent pack, and the total value is used as the unit voltage. Communicating with the power supply controller 2.
  • a voltage sensor may be provided in each battery unit.
  • the equalizing operation is performed by discharging the battery unit having a high unit voltage and charging the battery unit having a low unit voltage.
  • Each battery pack 20 has 13 lithium ion secondary batteries connected in series and 24 in parallel as battery cells 31.
  • the battery pack 20 has a rated output of 50V and 30A.
  • the power supply controller 2 turns off the charge switch CS and the discharge switch DS to switch to the equalization mode. Further, the parallel connection switch 12A of the battery unit 10A is turned off and the first equalization switch 16A is turned on. On the other hand, the battery unit 10B is turned on and the first equalization switch 16B is turned on as in the discharge mode. Is maintained in the OFF state. Thereby, as shown by the arrow in FIG. 2, battery unit 10A and battery unit 10B are connected via the first series circuit of battery unit 10A.
  • a current flows from the battery unit 10A having a high unit voltage to the battery unit 10B having a low unit voltage through the first limiting resistor 15A, and the battery unit 10B is charged from the battery unit 10A. That is, the unit voltage of the battery unit 10A is reduced by discharging, and the unit voltage of the battery unit 10B is increased by charging. As a result, the unit voltage difference ⁇ VU decreases, and when it becomes equal to or less than the unit threshold value, the power supply controller 2 stops the equalization mode and returns to the normal discharge mode. Note that the equalization operation is not performed in the charging mode. When charging of each battery unit 10 is completed and the mode is changed to the discharge mode, the power supply controller 2 monitors the unit voltage difference ⁇ VU to determine whether or not the equalization operation is performed.
  • the power of the battery unit can be effectively used and the battery unit voltage can be charged by charging a battery unit having a low unit voltage.
  • the unit voltage difference ⁇ VU can be reduced to shorten the time required for the equalization operation.
  • the battery unit 10 is configured by connecting a plurality of battery packs 20. Each battery unit 10 is connected to the output line OL via the parallel connection switch 12. In the example of FIG. 1, the same battery units 10A and 10B are used. Moreover, although the two battery units 10 are used in the example of a figure, it cannot be overemphasized that three or more battery units can also be used.
  • the battery unit 10 to which the plurality of battery packs 20 are connected causes any one of the battery packs 20 to function as a parent pack, and manages the other battery pack 20 as a child pack with the parent pack.
  • the parent pack monitors the status of the child pack and reports it to the power supply controller 2.
  • the parent pack and the child pack are configured by the same battery pack 20. That is, the battery pack 20 is shared, and the manufacturing cost is reduced by functioning as a parent pack or a child pack depending on the connection form.
  • the battery pack 20 connected to the bottom of each battery unit 10 is a parent pack, and the other battery pack 20 is a child pack. (Battery pack 20)
  • the battery pack 20 includes a pack input terminal DI, a pack abnormality output terminal DA, and a pack output terminal DO as signal terminals of the pack control circuit 39.
  • the pack input terminal DI is a terminal for inputting a signal from another battery pack or the power supply controller 2
  • the pack output terminal DO is for outputting a signal to the other battery pack or power supply controller 2.
  • the pack abnormality output terminal DA is a terminal for outputting the abnormality of the battery pack to the outside. In the example of FIG. 1, the pack abnormality output terminal DA is connected to the OR circuit 4.
  • the battery pack 20 includes a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal as pack output terminals connecting the battery cells 31 to each other. Between the battery packs 20, the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal are connected, and the battery packs 20 are connected in series to increase the output voltage.
  • Each battery unit 10 in FIG. 1 includes one parent pack and a plurality of child packs.
  • the parent pack and the child pack are connected in a daisy chain.
  • the pack output terminal DO of the previous stage is connected to the pack input terminal DI of the battery pack 20 of the next stage.
  • the pack input terminal DI of the parent pack is connected to the output of the power supply controller 2.
  • the pack output terminal DO of the child pack at the last stage is not connected anywhere and is open.
  • a termination connector such as a terminator (termination resistor) indicating the end position of the line may be connected to the pack output terminal DO of the child pack at the final stage. Needless to say.
  • the pack input terminal DI, the pack abnormal output terminal DA, and the pack output terminal DO are two signal lines, and exchange data with the power supply controller 2 by data communication.
  • data communication for example, packet communication specifying a transmission destination can be used.
  • Each battery pack is given a unique ID number in advance, and the data packet to be packet-communicated includes the ID number of the destination battery pack and an instruction for the battery pack. This makes it possible to perform individual data communication for each battery pack on a common communication line.
  • a method of assigning a unique ID number to each battery pack for example, a method in which the power controller automatically assigns an ID according to the connection form of the battery pack or a manual operation with a dip switch or the like for each battery pack.
  • a method of setting an ID number individually can be used as appropriate.
  • the timing for setting the ID number can be, for example, a timing at which the user presses a dedicated ID setting switch, a timing at which the parent pack automatically detects that a child pack has been connected, or the like.
  • the ID setting can be executed at the timing when the termination connector is connected.
  • a detection means such as a micro switch or a short pin is provided in the interface portion such as the connector of the pack output terminal DO, and the switch is physically turned on or the detection signal line is short-circuited when the terminal connector is connected.
  • the ID number may be assigned by automatically operating the detecting means together with the connection of the terminal connector.
  • the signal detection line is preferably provided separately from the power supply line and the signal line. Furthermore, as a procedure for assigning an ID number, after the child pack connected to the terminal connector acquires the ID number, an ID acquisition signal for performing processing for acquiring the ID number is transmitted to the child pack connected to the next stage. To do. In this way, ID acquisition signals are sequentially sent to the connected child packs, and when the parent pack receives the ID acquisition signal, all battery packs (child packs) have acquired ID numbers. Is recognized, and the ID number setting process is terminated.
  • the parent pack uses the communication method such as RS-485 (for example, the communication method using the relationship between the master and slave), and the battery information (battery voltage, temperature, abnormality information, etc.) of each child pack ) Can be obtained.
  • Signals such as various information can be communicated from the parent pack to the power supply controller 2 by a communication method such as RS-485.
  • each battery unit 10 has one parent pack and four child packs (only three are shown in the figure in the vertical direction and two are not shown). And a total of five battery packs 20 are connected to form one battery unit 10.
  • the signal terminals between the battery packs 20 are connected via a detachable connector or the like. Thereby, connection and replacement work of the battery pack 20 can be facilitated, which is advantageous during maintenance.
  • Each pack abnormality output terminal DA is connected to the OR circuit 4.
  • the OR circuit 4 is provided for each battery unit 10. Therefore, each OR circuit 4 is connected to one parent pack and four child packs in each battery unit 10.
  • a stop signal abnormal signal
  • each OR circuit 4 opens the parallel connection switch 12 and disconnects the corresponding battery pack from the power supply device. Thereby, even if an abnormality occurs in any one of the battery packs, it is possible to protect the other battery packs by separating only the problematic battery pack.
  • Such abnormalities include overcharge and overdischarge abnormalities.
  • the power supply controller 2 also notifies the user of replacement of the battery pack upon occurrence of an abnormality, and prompts the user to replace the battery pack in which a problem has occurred.
  • the user can restore the power supply system by replacing only the corresponding battery pack.
  • only the battery pack in which the problem has occurred can be replaced to reduce the repair cost, and the replacement work can be simplified by attaching / detaching the connector, so that the maintenance workability can be improved.
  • the OR circuit 4 is connected to the power supply controller 2 through a common bus line.
  • the OR circuit 4 provided for each battery unit 10 is connected to the parallel connection switch 12 and to the power supply controller 2.
  • the power supply controller 2 receives an abnormal signal from the pack control circuit 39 of the parent pack, turns off the parallel connection switch 12, and notifies the user of replacement of the battery pack 20.
  • the battery pack replacement for example, in addition to outputting to an external device from a communication interface connected to the power supply controller 2, the battery pack replacement is displayed on a display or indicator lamp provided on the power supply controller 2, and the screen display or indicator light is turned on to the user. Etc. can be announced.
  • the configuration of the example in FIG. 1 is not limited, and for example, the output of each pack abnormality output terminal can also be sent directly to the power supply controller side. (Second equalization circuit 24)
  • each battery pack 20 includes a second series circuit of a second limiting resistor 25 and a second equalization switch 26 as the second equalization circuit 24.
  • the second series circuit is connected in parallel with each battery pack 20, and the non-uniformity between the battery packs 20 can be eliminated by the second equalization circuit 24. (Equalization operation by the second equalization circuit 24)
  • Each second equalization circuit 24 equalizes the pack voltage of each battery pack 20 to eliminate imbalance.
  • the second equalization circuit 24 in FIG. 1 discharges the battery pack 20 having a high pack voltage with the second limiting resistor 25 to eliminate the imbalance.
  • the present invention does not specify an equalization circuit as a circuit that discharges a battery with a limiting resistor.
  • the equalization circuit may discharge a battery having a high voltage to a capacitor or a battery or the like and store it in the battery, and discharge the charge of the battery to a battery having a low voltage to eliminate the voltage difference between the batteries. it can.
  • the second equalization circuit 24 of FIG. 3 includes a second series circuit in which a second equalization switch 26 is connected in series to a second limiting resistor 25, and the power supply controller 2 or a pack control circuit 39 to be described later is provided for each.
  • the pack voltage is detected, and the second equalization switch 26 is controlled to be turned on / off to equalize the battery pack 20 in the battery unit 10.
  • a second series circuit of the second limiting resistor 25 and the second equalizing switch 26 is connected in parallel with each battery pack 20.
  • the second equalization circuit 24 switches the second equalization switch 26 to ON by the pack control circuit 39 and discharges the battery pack 20 by the second limiting resistor 25.
  • the voltage of the battery pack 20 is lowered and equalized.
  • the pack control circuit 39 including a microcomputer compares the pack voltages of the battery packs 20 and controls the second equalization switch 26 so as to equalize the pack voltages of all the battery packs 20.
  • the pack control circuit 39 switches the second equalization switch 26 of the second series circuit connected to the battery pack 20 higher than a predetermined threshold voltage (pack threshold) to ON and discharges it. As the battery pack 20 is discharged, the voltage decreases.
  • the second equalization switch 26 is switched from ON to OFF when the voltage of the battery pack decreases until it balances with the other battery packs. When the second equalization switch 26 is turned off, the discharge of the battery pack is stopped.
  • the pack control circuit 39 discharges the battery pack having a high pack voltage and balances the pack voltages of all the battery packs. (Block diagram of battery pack 20)
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of the battery pack 20 included in the battery unit 10.
  • the battery pack 20 includes a battery body in which a plurality of battery cells 31 are connected in series and in parallel, a current fuse 32 connected in series with the battery body, a battery monitoring circuit 33, and a pack current detection.
  • a circuit 37 and a pack control circuit 39 having a balance determination function and mainly composed of a microcomputer are provided.
  • the battery pack 20 is stored in a pack case.
  • As the pack case a 19-inch case used for a server backup power source or the like can be used.
  • a server rack or the like can be used, and versatility can be improved.
  • the current fuse 32 protects the battery pack 20 by physically interrupting the circuit due to overcurrent.
  • the battery monitoring circuit 33 detects the voltage of the battery block and sends it to the pack control circuit 39.
  • the pack control circuit 39 protects the battery cell 31 from overcharging by detecting overcharging of the battery pack 20 in the charging mode and limiting the charging current. Moreover, the battery cell 31 is protected from overdischarge by detecting overdischarge of the battery pack 20 in the discharge mode and limiting the discharge current. (Pack control circuit 39)
  • the pack input terminal DI and the pack output terminal DO are connected to the pack control circuit 39 via respective isolators.
  • the pack abnormality output terminal DA is connected to the pack control circuit 39 through a photocoupler. Thereby, each signal terminal is insulated from the outside.
  • the pack current detection circuit 37 detects the charge / discharge current of the battery pack 20 and sends it to the pack control circuit 39. For example, the pack current is detected from the voltage across the current detection resistor connected in series with the battery pack 20. (Battery monitoring circuit 33)
  • the battery monitoring circuit 33 is connected to a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the battery cell 31 and a voltage sensor that detects the block voltage of the battery block.
  • a thermistor or the like can be used as the temperature sensor.
  • the battery monitoring circuit 33 detects overcharge or overdischarge of the battery block based on the temperature of the battery cell 31 or the battery cell 31 or the block voltage.
  • the battery monitoring circuit 33 supplies the OR circuit 4 from the pack abnormality output terminal DA.
  • a signal is output, the parallel connection switch 12 is opened and turned OFF, and the battery unit including the corresponding battery pack is disconnected from the power supply device.
  • Such a function functions when abnormality detection by the pack control circuit 39 does not work normally, as will be described below.
  • the battery monitoring circuit 33 outputs an A / D converted battery voltage value and the like to the pack control circuit 39.
  • Each pack control circuit 39 determines overdischarge, overcharge, etc. from the battery voltage value, and if there is an abnormality such as overdischarge, overcharge, etc., information on the abnormality is transmitted from the child pack to the parent pack. Is done. Further, the battery voltage value of each battery pack is transmitted from the child pack to the parent pack as information.
  • the pack control circuit 39 of the parent pack communicates with the power supply controller 2 if the child pack or the parent pack is abnormal. Then, the parallel connection switch 12 is turned off from the power supply controller 2 via the OR circuit 4. Further, the pack control circuit 39 of the parent pack obtains the battery voltage values of the child pack and the parent pack, the pack control circuit 39 of the parent pack adds up, and communicates the total value to the power supply controller 2. (Battery block)
  • a plurality of battery blocks in which a plurality of battery cells 31 are connected in parallel are connected in series.
  • a battery block can also connect only in parallel, without connecting the some battery cell 31 in series.
  • the battery pack 20 is configured by connecting 13 battery blocks in which 24 battery cells 31 are connected in parallel to form a battery pack 20, a total of 312 battery cells 31 are connected to the battery. Used for pack 20.
  • the battery pack 20 is used at a rated voltage of 50V and a rated current of 30A. In the battery unit shown in FIG. 1, five battery packs 20 are connected in series to form one battery unit. Therefore, a total of 1560 battery cells 31 are used per battery unit.
  • a rated voltage of 250 V and a rated current of 30 A are realized.
  • a plurality of these battery units are connected in parallel to form a highly reliable power supply device.
  • the total number of batteries to be used that is, the capacity of the battery group, can be set according to the application, for example, 1 KVA to 100 KVA. (Battery cell 31)
  • the battery cell 31 can be of a type using a square or cylindrical battery cell extending in one direction or a rectangular outer can.
  • a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a nickel hydride battery, or a nickel cadmium battery can be suitably used.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery is desirable. Since the lithium ion secondary battery has a high volume density, it is suitable for reducing the size and weight of the battery pack 20. Also, the lithium ion secondary battery has a wider chargeable / dischargeable temperature range than lead-acid batteries and nickel metal hydride batteries, and can be charged and discharged efficiently.
  • an iron phosphate-based material for the positive electrode material of the battery cell 31.
  • safety can be improved, temperature dependence of charging / discharging can be suppressed, and since relatively high charging / discharging efficiency can be maintained even at low temperatures, charging / discharging can be efficiently performed even in winter.
  • the positive electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery can be a three-component positive electrode.
  • a mixture of Li—Ni—Mn—Co composite oxide and lithium cobalt oxide is used for the positive electrode instead of the conventional lithium cobalt oxide. Since this lithium ion secondary battery uses Ni—Mn—Co composed of three components in addition to lithium for the positive electrode, it is charged with high voltage and has high thermal stability, and the maximum charging voltage is 4.3V. You can increase the capacity.
  • the voltage during charging is set to a voltage that is intentionally lower than the voltage determined to be fully charged in the battery cell 31 to be used.
  • a voltage that is intentionally lower than the voltage determined to be fully charged in the battery cell 31 is used.
  • the rated voltage as the nominal voltage of the battery pack (battery block) comprising the battery cells 31 (in the case of a lithium ion secondary battery, a voltage value obtained by multiplying approximately 3.7 to 4.0 V / cell by the number of series) Is preferably selected to be lower than the maximum output operating voltage Vop of the solar cell panel that is the charging power source CP. More preferably, it is 70 to 90% of Vop. This is because the operating voltage of the solar battery panel is affected by the voltage of the battery pack, and the charging power is reduced at a voltage away from Vop. Furthermore, the voltage of the solar cell panel is higher than the depth of discharge of the battery pack. Therefore, in order to perform full charge, it is more desirable to approach Vop when it is close to a fully charged state. In addition, it is necessary to select an appropriate battery pack voltage in consideration of the fluctuation of the voltage of the solar battery panel depending on the temperature. Therefore, it is more desirable that the voltage range is as described above.
  • the voltage range is as described above, so that no DC / DC converter is required for charging the battery cell 41. (Balance judgment function)
  • the pack control circuit 39 having a balance determination function performs control to equalize the voltage of the battery packs 20 connected in series in each battery unit 10 by the above-described second equalization circuit 24 .
  • the pack control circuit 39 of the battery pack 20 as the parent pack acquires the voltage of each battery pack 20 through communication, compares it, and maintains the balance by discharging. . (Third equalization circuit 34)
  • Each battery block further includes a third equalization circuit 34 for eliminating non-uniformity between the battery blocks.
  • the third equalization circuit 34 is connected in parallel for each battery block.
  • the third equalization circuit 34 includes a third series circuit of a third limiting resistor 35 and a third equalization switch 36 connected in parallel with each battery block. These third equalization switch 36 is ON / OFF control by the pack control circuit 39. (Equalization operation by the third equalization circuit 34)
  • Each third equalization circuit 34 equalizes the block voltage of each battery block to eliminate imbalance.
  • the third equalization circuit 34 in FIG. 3 discharges the battery block having a high block voltage by the third limiting resistor 35 to eliminate imbalance.
  • the third equalization circuit 34 includes a third series circuit in which a third equalization switch 36 is connected in series to a third limiting resistor 35, and the pack control circuit 39 detects each block voltage, The three equalization switch 36 is controlled to be turned ON / OFF to equalize the battery blocks in the battery unit.
  • a third series circuit of the third limiting resistor 35 and the third equalizing switch 36 is connected in parallel with each battery block.
  • the third equalization circuit 34 causes the pack control circuit 39 to switch the third equalization switch 36 of this battery block. Switch to ON. As a result, the battery block is discharged by the third limiting resistor 35, and the block voltage is lowered. When the voltage is lowered to a predetermined block voltage, the equalization is terminated and the third equalization switch 36 is switched from ON to OFF.
  • the pack control circuit 39 compares the block voltages of the respective battery blocks and controls the third equalization switch 36 so as to equalize the block voltages of all the battery blocks.
  • the power supply apparatus eliminates the imbalance between the battery units by the first equalization circuit 14, eliminates the imbalance between the battery packs in each battery unit by the second equalization circuit 24, and further each battery pack.
  • the third equalization circuit 34 eliminates the imbalance between the battery blocks inside. In this way, by performing equalization in three stages, it is possible to efficiently eliminate imbalance even in a power supply device that uses a large number of battery cells, so that battery cells can be used stably over a long period of time. Reliability can be improved. In particular, in a large-sized power supply device that uses a large number of battery cells to improve the output, if any battery cell becomes unusable, the entire power supply device may become unusable. It is important to ensure that it can be used as stably as possible. Then, such a problem can be coped with by using the state which reduced the imbalance between battery cells as much as possible, and maintained the cell balance.
  • the inrush current prevention circuit 51 includes a series circuit of a current limiting resistor 52 that prevents an inrush current flowing through the load LD and a switching element 53.
  • a discharge switch DS is connected in parallel with the inrush current prevention circuit 51.
  • the inrush current is mainly a charging current of a large-capacity electrolytic capacitor CD connected in parallel to the load LD.
  • the inrush current prevention circuit 51 switches the switching element 53 to ON in a state where the discharge switch DS is turned off, and limits the inrush current flowing through the load LD by the current limiting resistor 52.
  • the power supply apparatus having the circuit configuration shown in FIG. 6 uses the first equalization circuit 14 together with the inrush current prevention circuit, thereby preventing an inrush current of the load LD while omitting a dedicated inrush current prevention circuit. .
  • the power supply apparatus shown in FIG. 6 connects the first equalization circuit 14 and the parallel connection switch 12 in parallel, and controls the parallel connection switch 12 and the first equalization switch 16 by the switch control circuit 6.
  • the switch control circuit 6 turns off the parallel connection switch 12 at the timing when the battery unit 10 is connected to the load LD, that is, the timing when the discharge switch DS is turned on, and the first equalization switch of the first equalization circuit 14 16 is switched to the ON state, and the battery unit 10 is connected to the load LD. In this state, the battery unit 10 is connected to the load LD via the first limiting resistor 15, and the inrush current flowing through the electrolytic capacitor CD and the like of the load LD is limited by the first limiting resistor 15.
  • the peak value of the inrush current is specified by the electric resistance of the first limiting resistor 15. For example, if the electric resistance of the first limiting resistor 15 is 100 ⁇ and the voltage of the battery unit 10 is 250 V, the peak value of the inrush current is 2.5 A or less.
  • the switch control circuit 6 switches the parallel connection switch 12 to ON. At this time, the switch control circuit 6 switches the parallel connection switch 12 to ON and then switches the first equalization switch 16 to OFF. However, the switch control circuit 6 switches the first equalization switch 16 to OFF and at the same time switches the parallel connection switch 12 to ON, or switches the first equalization switch 16 to OFF and then turns on the parallel connection switch 12. You can also switch to
  • FIG. 7 shows a flowchart in which the power supply device shown in FIG. 6 is connected to the load LD.
  • the switch control circuit 6 switches the first equalization switch 16 of the first equalization circuit 14 to ON. That is, the switch control circuit 6 switches the discharge switch DS to ON after switching the first equalization switch 16 of the first equalization circuit 14 to ON at the timing of connecting the battery unit 10 to the load LD.
  • the battery unit 10 is connected to the load LD via the first limiting resistor 16 and charges the electrolytic capacitor CD and the like of the load LD while preventing an inrush current of the load LD.
  • the first equalization switch After switching the parallel connection switch 12 to ON and connecting the battery unit to the load LD, the first equalization switch is switched OFF.
  • the inrush current of the load LD is detected, the detected current is compared with the set value, and the voltage difference between the battery unit 10 and the power supply line OL is further detected to detect that no inrush current flows.
  • the power supply device can detect the state where the inrush current does not flow more reliably and can switch the parallel connection switch 12 to ON.
  • the inrush current has stopped flowing by detecting the output current of the battery unit and comparing it with the set value, or by detecting either the voltage difference between the battery unit and the power line. .
  • the power supply device can be suitably used for a household power supply, a plant power supply device, and the like that are charged with night power or a solar battery panel.
  • Inrush current prevention circuit 52 ... Current limiting resistor 53 . Switching element LD ... Load; CP ... Charging power source; CD ... Electrolytic capacitor DS ... Photoelectric switch; CS ... charging switch HT ... the host device; OL ... output line DI ... pack input terminal; DA ... pack abnormal output terminal; DO ... pack output terminal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
PCT/JP2011/052143 2010-02-08 2011-02-02 電源装置 Ceased WO2011096430A1 (ja)

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US13/577,745 US9030167B2 (en) 2010-02-08 2011-02-02 Power source apparatus
CN201180008697.1A CN102754301B (zh) 2010-02-08 2011-02-02 电源装置
EP11739778A EP2536001A1 (en) 2010-02-08 2011-02-02 Power supply device

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JP2010-025984 2010-02-08
JP2010107761A JP5143185B2 (ja) 2010-02-08 2010-05-07 電源装置
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