WO2011085662A1 - 醚基燃料 - Google Patents

醚基燃料 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011085662A1
WO2011085662A1 PCT/CN2011/070124 CN2011070124W WO2011085662A1 WO 2011085662 A1 WO2011085662 A1 WO 2011085662A1 CN 2011070124 W CN2011070124 W CN 2011070124W WO 2011085662 A1 WO2011085662 A1 WO 2011085662A1
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Prior art keywords
fuel
acid
gasoline
based fuel
ethanol
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PCT/CN2011/070124
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董书君
陈宗勇
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北京兰凯博能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2011085662A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011085662A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel clean fuel, and more particularly to a clean acid based fuel.
  • the ether-based fuel comprises dioxane and ethanol. More specifically, the acid-based fuel may consist of only dioxane and ethanol.
  • the invention further relates to a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the invention and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and mineral spirits. Background technique
  • oil As a well-known, oil, as a non-renewable resource, plays an indispensable role in the social life and national defense construction of a country.
  • cars With the continuous improvement of the living standards of our people, cars have gradually entered the families of ordinary people. For example, Beijing has now entered the era of 4 million cars. Therefore, as the number of cars is increasing, the need for gasoline is also increasing.
  • China's crude oil production is far from meeting the needs of the domestic economy.
  • Today, China has become a net importer of crude oil from crude oil exporting countries, and most of China's crude oil is dependent on imports. The intensification of this situation will seriously restrict the further development of China's economy and even affect China's national defense security. Therefore, it is necessary to find a vehicle fuel that does not require the use of petroleum raw materials, and thus does not require the import of petroleum from abroad.
  • Benzene is a recognized carcinogen. It is directly affected by the evaporation and combustion of gasoline and the release of exhaust gas into the atmosphere. Therefore, this indicator is restricted in the EU, UK, Australia and Russia gasoline standards, generally not more than 5% (v/v). According to Beijing local standard Precisely, the content of benzene is required to be not more than 1.0% by volume. However, as environmental requirements, governments and relevant agencies may also impose more stringent restrictions.
  • An aromatic hydrocarbon is a gasoline blending agent with a high octane number and a high calorific value. However, it burns to cause the formation of carcinogenic benzene, and it tends to increase the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber and increase the discharge of co 2 . It is generally believed that the greater the content of benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline, the greater the benzene content of the combustion products. Therefore, reducing the aromatics content in gasoline is bound to benefit the environment by reducing benzene emissions from the tail gas.
  • Converting rich coal resources into fuel oil has always been a research direction. Converting coal into ethanol, diterpene ether is also an important direction for coal utilization.
  • Shaanxi New Fuel Burner Company and other units have developed acid-based gasoline additives containing 5 - 37 % diammonium ether, 10 - 60 % low-carbon alcohol compounds, and 10 - 50% C5-10 hydrocarbons. Compound, 0.1 - 5% alkylphenol to polyoxyethylene ether and 0.05 - 0.5% alkylphenol. The additive is mixed with gasoline to produce an acid-based compound gasoline.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN98112948.X also discloses an acid-based gasoline additive consisting of the following components: 15.5% diterpene ether, 42% decyl alcohol, 39% benzene, 3.3% alkylphenol ethoxylate and 0.2 %2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol. Affected by this, the annual production of diterpene ether in China can now reach several million tons. However, the above two ether-based gasoline additives have high production costs and contain a large amount of benzene, so that the gasoline added with these two acid-based gasoline additives will not meet the requirements of the current gasoline standard for benzene content.
  • diterpene ether can be used to produce clean fuels, there is no need to worry about the source of raw materials, and it will solve the current problems of these manufacturers.
  • Ethanol gasoline has been used in some parts of China.
  • ethanol gasoline also has some problems, such as easy moisture absorption, short shelf life due to moisture layer, low substitution ratio and insufficient power. Therefore, if diterpene ether can be used to produce clean fuels, there is no need to worry about the source of raw materials, and it will solve the current problems of these manufacturers. Summary of the invention
  • the invention relates to an acid based fuel comprising diterpene ether and ethanol.
  • the acid-based fuel has a diether ether content of 4 to 15 parts by weight and an ethanol content of 85 to 96 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the ethanol is 100 weight. Share.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 8 to 15 parts by weight, and the content of the ethanol is 85 to 92 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 10 to 15 parts by weight, and the content of the ethanol is 85 to 90 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention consists of didecyl ether and ethanol.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is an automotive fuel.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention is a gasoline engine fuel.
  • the invention in a second aspect of the invention, relates to a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the first aspect of the invention and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.
  • the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 1 to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel. Further, the acid-based fuel is contained in an amount of 10 - 90% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel. Further, the acid-based fuel is contained in an amount of 30 to 70% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • the gasoline is No. 90, No. 93, No. 97, No. 100, No. 103 gasoline (of which No. 100 and No. 103 gasoline have not been commercially produced in China).
  • the gasoline is sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline.
  • the amount of the solvent oil No. 180 in the mixed fuel does not exceed 20% of the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • the mixed fuel consists of the acid-based fuel of the present invention and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.
  • Method 1 An acid-based fuel comprising diterpene ether and ethanol.
  • Mode 2 The acid-based fuel of the mode 1, wherein the content of the diterpene ether is 4 - 15 parts by weight, and the content of the ethanol is 85 - 96 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • Mode 3 The acid-based fuel of the mode 1, wherein the content of the diterpene ether is 8 to 15 parts by weight, and the content of the ethanol is 85 to 92 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • Mode 4 The acid-based fuel of the mode 1, wherein the content of the diterpene ether is 10-15 parts by weight, and the content of the ethanol is 85-90 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • Mode 6 The acid-based fuel of any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the acid-based fuel is an automobile fuel.
  • Mode 7 The acid-based fuel of any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the acid-based fuel is a gasoline engine fuel.
  • a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of any of 1 to 7 and at least one other fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.
  • Mode 9 The mixed fuel of mode 8, wherein the content of the acid-based fuel is the mixed fuel
  • Mode 10 The mixed fuel of mode 8 or 9, wherein the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight of the mixed fuel.
  • ⁇ / RTI> The method of any one of the invention, wherein the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 20 to 80% by weight of the mixed fuel.
  • Mode 12 The mixed fuel of any one of the methods 8-11, wherein the gasoline is gasoline No. 90, No. 93, No. 97, No. 100 or No. 103.
  • the content of the solvent oil No. 180 does not exceed 20% of the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • the inventors of the present invention have undergone extensive testing and screening, and it has unexpectedly been found that a novel fuel comprising dioxane and ethanol can be used to solve or partially overcome the above problems in the art.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a novel acid-based fuel which is a dioxane-based fuel.
  • the novel acid-based fuel comprises dioxane and ethanol.
  • the novel acid-based fuel of the present invention does not use petroleum resources, and can completely replace petroleum-derived gasoline as a fuel for the automobile industry, and can also use ethanol derived from crops as a main component.
  • a composition comprising dioxane and ethanol as a main component can be used as a fuel, and in particular, it can be used as a fuel for a vehicle instead of gasoline.
  • an acid-based fuel composed of diterpene ether and ethanol can completely replace a conventional gasoline, usually a mixture of C4-C10 alkanes, and contains benzene and toluene, aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins, etc. "Includes regular gasoline, sterol gasoline and ethanol gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention does not contain a main component of gasoline, i.e., the acid-based fuel of the present invention does not contain a hydrocarbon of C4 or higher, such as a C4-C10 alkane, benzene or the like.
  • a hydrocarbon of C4 or higher such as a C4-C10 alkane, benzene or the like.
  • does not contain hydrocarbons above C4" means that no hydrocarbons above C4 are intentionally added.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention mainly comprises dioxane and ethanol.
  • the diterpene ether may be contained in an amount of 4 to 15 parts by weight, and the ethanol may be contained in an amount of 85 to 96 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 8 to 15 parts by weight, and the content of the ethanol is 85 to 92 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 10 to 15 parts by weight, and the content of the ethanol is 85 to 90 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the ethanol is 100 parts by weight.
  • Dimethyl ether is a colorless, odorless and non-toxic compound.
  • Dioxin is a gas at normal temperature and pressure. Its molecular weight is 46, oxygen content is 35, air-fuel ratio is 9, air-fuel mixture is higher than diesel (3067/2911), cetane number is 60 (5-12 units higher than diesel), exhaust emissions Medium CO and HC are 55% and 86% lower than gasoline, respectively. Therefore, the combustion of diterpene ether is more complete than that of gasoline, and the combustion products are more environmentally friendly than gasoline.
  • the diterpene ether has good combustion and mechanical properties and strong explosive power, and these properties are superior to those of mercapto tert-butyl ether.
  • Ethanol in this application refers to anhydrous ethanol, which has a high oxygen content (about 35%) and a large octane number (ethanol octane number is 111, 14-21 units higher than gasoline), and pollutant emissions are better than gasoline. .
  • Ethanol has a wide range of sources, especially from cassava, straw, and especially corn, by fermentation, at a lower cost. In China, since ethanol gasoline has been used, the supply of ethanol, especially ethanol for fuel, has not become a problem.
  • the diterpene ether used in the present invention can be derived from a coal-based polygeneration, that is, a recycled material for recycling and recycling of a fertilizer plant, which has a wide range of sources and low cost.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has the advantages of high clean combustion (and thus high clean emissions) of dioxane and the high octane value of ethanol. Therefore, the acid-based fuel can have a high octane number, and is fully burned and discharged. Low pollution, easy access to raw materials and low cost.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can meet the requirements of the automobile industry for gasoline, thereby replacing the conventional gasoline as a fuel for automobiles.
  • the acid-based fuels of the present invention are also self-cleaning.
  • the inventors of the present invention believe that since ethanol has good solubility properties, it can effectively prevent carbon deposits from forming in spark plugs, combustion chambers, valves, exhaust pipe muffler, etc., preventing oil blockage and avoiding Self-cleaning occurs due to failure caused by carbon deposits and clogging.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention can accomplish this self-cleaning function without the addition of any additives.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can achieve clean combustion, clean emissions, and protect the vehicle.
  • the effect of adjusting the octane number can be achieved by adjusting the content of dimethyl ether and ethanol in the acid-based fuel.
  • the octane number of the acid-based fuel of the present invention also decreases.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a higher octane number without using an octane number improver.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention may be used without any additives, that is, the ether-based fuel of the present invention may consist of only dioxane and ethanol. However, other components or additives may also be added depending on the needs of the particular application to further improve certain properties of the resulting fuel.
  • the novel acid-based fuel of the present invention is different from conventional fuels such as gasoline and diesel, conventional gasoline additives are not necessarily usable for the acid-based fuel of the present invention.
  • the compatibility test must first be carried out. Compatibility herein means that the additive to be used can be dissolved in the acid-based fuel of the present invention and can be stably present without changing the properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention. Only those that are compatible with the acid-based fuel of the present invention Additives are possible for use in the acid-based fuels of the present invention.
  • the addition of additives does not significantly adversely affect the unique properties of the acid-based fuels of the present invention, such as cleanliness and the like.
  • Conventional gasoline additives that may be used in the acid-based fuels of the present invention include, for example, catalysts, oxidizers, antioxidants, combustion improvers, detergents, antiknock agents, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, water repellents, corrosion inhibitors, Smoke suppressant and so on. These additives may be added to the ether-based fuel of the present invention after passing the compatibility test, provided that the unique properties of the ether-based fuel of the present invention are not significantly adversely affected. It is also possible to add a combination of additives to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, provided that the unique properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention are not significantly adversely affected.
  • the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research work, and it has unexpectedly been found that the addition of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol as an antioxidant to the acid-based fuel of the present invention can reduce the present invention.
  • the gum produced by the automatic oxidation of the ether-based fuel delays the oxidation of the fuel and prolongs the shelf life.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention contains 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol
  • the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol may be 0.005 - 0.05 parts by weight, preferably 0.008 - 0.02 parts by weight. Most preferably from 0.009 to 0.012 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of dioxane and ethanol.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that if the acid-based fuel of the present invention contains t-butanol, the function and effect of the acid-based fuel are further enhanced.
  • tert-butanol acts to increase octane number, improve combustion performance, and alleviate ethanol moisture absorption.
  • the tert-butyl alcohol is preferably contained in an amount of from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight, preferably from 0.9 to 1.1 parts by weight based on 100 parts by total of the total amount of dioxane and ethanol.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a self-cleaning action, in order to further enhance the cleaning action of the ether-based fuel of the present invention, further increase the cleaning of the oil passage system and reduce the generation of engine carbon deposit, the ether-based fuel of the present invention may further contain Detergent.
  • the inventors have found that it is preferred to add succinimide to the ether-based fuel of the present invention.
  • Succinimide can remove the sludge and carbon deposits from the carburetor and crankcase system, reduce atmospheric pollution, reduce CO emissions, reduce HC emissions, and reduce oil pump and injector wear. Prevents cremation plugs from coking and provides engine power to conserve energy and improve fuel economy.
  • the content of the succinimide may be 0.005 - 0.02 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the diterpene ether and the ethanol.
  • the content of the succinimide is from 0.008 to 0.012 parts by weight.
  • the inventors have also surprisingly found that when the ether-based fuel of the present invention contains both t-butanol, succinimide and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, these three additives can provide synergy.
  • the function of the ether-based fuel of the invention is more stable, the combustion of the fuel is more sufficient, the engine is safe to operate and the power is sufficient.
  • the method for preparing the acid-based fuel of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the ether-based fuel of the present invention can be obtained by a conventional technique in the chemical industry.
  • the preparation of the ether-based fuel of the present invention includes the addition of an optional additive, and the mixing of dioxane and ethanol, in the case of an optional additive.
  • the additive can be added to the ethanol and then mixed with the dioxane.
  • agitation if agitation is required, it should be stirred slowly.
  • For the mixing of dioxane and ethanol it is usually possible to use a gas absorption tower to obtain this mixing.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention is obtained by a method of physical absorption, and relates only to the absorption of diterpene ether by ethanol.
  • countercurrent absorption is typically selected to accomplish the preparation of the acid-based fuels of the present invention.
  • the present invention does not have any limitation on the selection of the absorption tower, and a packed tower or a tray tower can be selected.
  • the present invention also has no limitation on the absorption conditions.
  • the absorption tower and the absorption conditions are selected according to the basic chemical principle and the relative content required.
  • absorption of dioxins by ethanol can be accomplished by conventional ambient temperature absorption.
  • This absorption process can be briefly described as follows:
  • the dimer ether gas is passed from the bottom of the absorption column through a metering device (such as a gas distributor); at the same time, the ethanol (or ethanol premixed with the optional additive) is taken from the tower.
  • the gas-liquid two phases flow in the opposite direction in the absorption tower, and are directly and fully contacted, so that the diterpene ether gas is absorbed by the ethanol.
  • one-way absorption or cyclic absorption can be used.
  • the diterpene ether-containing ethanol (and optionally the additive) from the bottom of the column can be re-conveyed back to the top of the column and introduced into the column to re-deliver the gas from the top of the column back to the bottom of the column. It is introduced into the column, thereby repeating the absorption process of the diterpene ether gas. This repeated absorption can be performed as many times as needed.
  • the diterpene ether can be substantially dissolved in ethanol by the single pass absorption of the absorption column to achieve the desired diterpenic acid content without repeated absorption.
  • the stability of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is much higher than that of ordinary gasoline. This can be demonstrated from the induction period and the gum content after long-term storage of the acid-based fuel of the present invention.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that the ether-based fuel of the present invention has the advantages of high oxygen content, low vapor pressure, low sulfur, low benzene, low aromatics, and no lead.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used in existing vehicles without changing the engine structure.
  • the invention in a second aspect of the invention, relates to a mixed fuel comprising at least one of the ether-based fuel of the invention and other fuels, such as gasoline and mineral spirits.
  • the mixed fuel of the present invention can also be described below in the case where the other fuels are gasoline, solvent oil or a combination thereof.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used alone as a fuel for engines, particularly gasoline engines. Therefore, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can completely replace gasoline for automobile fuel.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention it is also possible to use the acid-based fuel of the present invention with conventionally used gasoline, or sterol gasoline or, the mixed fuel of the present invention may comprise the acid-based fuel and gasoline of the first aspect of the invention.
  • the mixing ratio of the ether-based fuel of the present invention to gasoline can be arbitrarily adjusted as needed.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be contained in an amount of from 1 to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be present in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably from 30 to 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • the content of gasoline is correspondingly from 90 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 70 to 30% by weight.
  • the gasoline which can be used in the second aspect of the invention may be, for example, ordinary gasoline, and sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline, particularly motor gasoline.
  • the labels of these gasolines may be, for example, No. 90, No. 93, No. 97, No. 100, No. 103.
  • ordinary gasoline means gasoline which is not added with dioxane, decyl alcohol or ethanol.
  • the sterol gasoline and the ethanol gasoline respectively refer to gasoline to which sterol or ethanol is added. Since ethanol has been added to the ethanol gasoline, when the acid-based fuel of the present invention is used in combination with ethanol gasoline, the ethanol carried in the ethanol gasoline changes the ratio of the diterpene ether to the ethanol of the acid-based fuel of the present invention. Therefore, when the ether-based fuel of the present invention is used in combination with ethanol gasoline, depending on the specific conditions and uses, it is necessary to consider the ethanol content in the ethanol gasoline to finally determine the mixing ratio of the acid-based fuel of the present invention and the ethanol gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention When the acid-based fuel of the present invention is used in combination with ethanol gasoline, the ethanol content in the ethanol gasoline needs to be considered according to specific conditions and uses, so as to ensure that the introduction of ethanol in the ethanol gasoline does not lead to the acid-based fuel of the present invention.
  • the content ratio of oxime ether and ethanol deviates from the scope of the present invention.
  • the mixing ratio of ethanol gasoline should not exceed 50%.
  • the ratio of dihydric ether used should be considered in combination to ensure the fuel performance of the mixed fuel after mixing, and the mixing ratio of ethanol gasoline should not exceed the ether-based fuel of the present invention. 50%.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be compounded with ordinary gasoline in any ratio.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10. More preferably, the acid-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 20:80 to 80:20. More preferably, the acid-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 70:30.
  • the mixing ratio of the acid-based fuel is as high as 80%, that is, 80 parts by weight of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with 20 parts by weight of ordinary gasoline (for example, No. 90 gasoline), the obtained mixed fuel is stable in quality and can be stored at room temperature. 1 year does not stratify.
  • the mixed fuel can be obtained by mixing the ether-based fuel of the present invention with gasoline.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention may be added to gasoline, or gasoline may be added to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, or the ether-based fuel of the present invention and gasoline may be simultaneously added to a separate container and uniformly mixed. To get a blend of fuel. Slow agitation can be used to promote mixing.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention since the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a high octane number, usually more than 100, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to increase the number of ordinary gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to make the No. 90 or No. 93 gasoline reach the standard of No. 93 or No. 97 gasoline, respectively.
  • the use of the acid-based fuel of the present invention can also improve the stability of ordinary gasoline.
  • the stability of commercially available regular gasoline is not good enough.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention When the acid-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with normal gasoline in a ratio of 30% or in a ratio of 20% with methanol or ethanol gasoline, the power and fuel saving effect can be achieved. Under the same operating conditions of the engine, the fuel saving ratio can be as high as 10% or more.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with gasoline, and the substitution ratio can be increased to 0.7 to 1 (the substitution ratio of ethanol gasoline is 1.6-1.7).
  • the substitution ratio refers to the weight fraction of ethanol gasoline or the ether-based fuel of the present invention which is required to replace one ordinary gasoline.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention the exhaust gas emission can be greatly reduced, thereby providing an excellent environmental effect.
  • Other fuels are solvent oils
  • the other fuel used in the mixed fuel of the second aspect of the invention may also be No. 180 solvent oil. Therefore, the mixed fuel of the present invention may comprise the ether-based fuel of the first aspect of the invention and the solvent oil No. 180.
  • Solvent oil in the petroleum industry, generally refers to gasoline used as a solvent, including catalytic reforming. According to different purposes, there are rubber solvent oil, extract solvent oil and industrial solvent oil. In the present application, the solvent oil refers to the front end of the refinery refining process, that is, a light distillate component having a temperature of 30 to 70 °C. Generally, petroleum spirits are usually classified into 70, 90, 120, 180, 190, and 200 grades according to their 98% distillation temperature or 100% distillation temperature.
  • solvent oil No. 180 also known as an aviation washing oil, which has a deeper degree of purification and a boiling range of 40 to 180 °C.
  • Solvent oil No. 180 is used: one is good in miscibility, the other is low in cost, and the third is available octane component and high volatile matter.
  • the ratio of the acid-based fuel to the solvent oil No. 180 may be any ratio.
  • the weight ratio of the acid-based fuel to the solvent oil No. 180 is 90:10, and more preferably, the weight ratio of the acid-based fuel of the present invention to the solvent oil No. 180 is 80:20.
  • the mixing ratio of the acid-based fuel is as high as 80%, that is, 80 parts by weight of the acid-based fuel of the present invention and 20 parts by weight of the solvent oil No. 180, the obtained mixed fuel is stable in quality and can be stored at room temperature for one year. Floor.
  • a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the present invention and the solvent oil No. 180 can be used as a fuel, in particular
  • the mixed fuel can be obtained by mixing the ether-based fuel of the present invention with the solvent oil No. 180.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be added to the solvent oil No. 180, or the solvent oil may be added to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, or the acid-based fuel of the present invention and the solvent oil No. 180 may be simultaneously Add to a separate container and mix well to obtain a blended fuel. Slow agitation can be used to promote mixing.
  • the other fuel is a combination of gasoline and No. 180 solvent oil.
  • the mixed fuel of the present invention may contain, in addition to the ether-based fuel of the present invention, a combination of gasoline and No. 180 solvent oil.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention is miscible with the other two fuels and between the other two fuels. Therefore, even if the acid-based fuel of the present invention is used together with these two other fuels, it can be used as a fuel for a vehicle or a power plant, such as a fuel for an automobile engine.
  • the case where the mixed fuel of the present invention comprises a combination of gasoline and No. 180 solvent oil is similar to the case where only gasoline or No. 180 solvent oil is separately discussed above. However, since the octane number of the solvent oil No. 180 is low, it is preferred that the content of the solvent oil No. 180 does not exceed 20% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • the mixed fuel can be obtained by mixing the acid-based fuel of the present invention with a combination of gasoline and solvent oil No. 180.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention, gasoline, and solvent oil No. 180 can be added to a separate container and uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed fuel. Slow mixing can be used to promote mixing.
  • diterpene ether was absorbed in decyl alcohol by a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a concentration of dimethyl ether of 9 wt%, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 2.
  • diterpene ether was absorbed in methanol by a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 12% by weight, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 3.
  • diterpene ether was absorbed in methanol by a countercurrent absorption method to obtain an ethanol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 15% by weight, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 4.
  • the prepared acid-based fuel 1 - 5 and the mixed fuel 1 - 12 are placed under ambient conditions for 1 month, and then the gel content is measured according to GB/T8019, and the induction period is measured according to GB/T8018, and the measurement results are shown in the table. 1 in. Table 1
  • the acid-based fuel 5 further contains about 0.01% of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, about 0.01% of succinimide, and about 1% of t-butanol.
  • Vehicle 2km operation test
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention and the mixed fuel containing the ether-based fuel of the present invention can be used in various gasoline engines for vehicles, fuel consumption and Commercially available gasoline is the same or lower.
  • the results of Tables 1 and 2 also confirmed that the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with various gasolines.
  • the results in Table 1 also confirm that the acid-based fuels of the present invention have higher octane numbers, most of which exceed 100.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to increase the octane number of ordinary gasoline or sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline, and to improve the wide range of fuel fuel for ordinary gasoline or ethanol or sterol gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the invention has the advantages of high octane number, increased power, low energy consumption, high cleanliness, good versatility, long shelf life and wide source. Due to the high octane number, the acid-based fuel of the present invention is more suitable for a high compression ratio engine, thereby increasing the power.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a high octane number, and can be added to the composition to increase the calorific value component, and in the case of adaptive adjustment of the vehicle (reducing the intake air and adjusting the ignition advance angle), The consumption rate is reduced by 5%.
  • the acid-based fuel of the invention is a high oxygen-containing fuel, and the combustion pollutants CO, C02+HC can be reduced by 50%-80% due to complete combustion, and the carcinogen benzene and sulfur emission coefficient is zero. At the same time, it can effectively remove the carbon supply from the vehicle and the combustion system, and prolong the service life of the engine.
  • the acid-based fuel of the invention has good versatility and can be directly used without changing the structure and parameters of the engine; and the inventors have found that under the condition of adjusting the small damper and adjusting the ignition advance angle, the engine power can be further improved and stabilized. run. Blended with gasoline in any ratio.
  • the induction period of the ether-based fuel of the present invention is more than double that of the national standard gasoline. Long-term stable storage, which can extend the time required for storage, transportation, sales and use.

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Description

醚基燃料 技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型清洁燃料, 具体而言, 一种清洁的酸基燃料。 该醚 基燃料包含二曱醚和乙醇。 更具体地, 该酸基燃料可以仅仅由二曱醚和乙醇 组成。 本发明还涉及一种混合燃料, 其包含本发明的酸基燃料和选自汽油和 溶剂油中的至少一种其它燃料。 背景技术
众所周知, 石油作为一种不可再生的资源, 在一个国家的社会生活以及 国防建设中起着不可或缺的作用。 随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高, 汽车 逐渐进入了寻常百姓的家庭。 例如, 北京现在就已经进入了 400万辆汽车的 时代。 因此, 随着汽车保有量的增加, 对汽油的需要也在日益增加。 我国的 原油产量已经远远不能满足国内经济蓬勃发展的需要。 现今, 我国已经从原 油出口国成为了原油净进口国, 我国的大部分原油都依赖进口。 这种情况的 加剧将严重制约我国经济的进一步发展, 甚至会影响到我国的国防安全。 因 此, 需要找到一种无需使用石油原料, 因而也就无需从国外进口石油的车用 燃料。
此外, 随着汽车的普及, 大量尾气排放到大气环境中, 使得汽车在带给 人们生活便利的同时, 也带给人们各种疾病, 特别是呼吸道疾病。 近年来, 汽车尾气排放成为人们的关注焦点。 为了减少汽车尾气排放所带来的各种问 题, 世界各国对汽车尾气提出了严格的要求, 包括美国存在相关要求, 欧洲 有欧 IV标准, 日本实行了据说最严格的标准, 我国也在实行等效于欧 III或 欧 IV 的标准。 并且, 各个国家对于尾气排放的要求将会愈加严格。 例如, 美国已经同意各个州单独制定比美国国家标准更严格的尾气排放标准。 北京 在举办奥运会的前夕, 提前实行了国 IV标准, 并将尽快实行国 V标准。 因 此, 需要一种能够替代目前所使用的车用汽油的清洁燃料, 该燃料在满足车 用汽油的功能的同时, 尾气排放更加清洁环保。
苯是公认的致癌物, 它在汽油中由于蒸发和燃烧、 尾气排放进入大气, 给人类的健康带来直接影响。 因此, 欧盟、 英国、 澳大利亚和俄罗斯汽油标 准中均对该指标加以限制, 一般规定为不大于 5% ( v/v )。 才艮据北京市地方标 准, 要求苯的含量不大于 1.0体积%。 但是作为环保要求, 各国政府及有关 机构还可能提出更严格的限制。
芳烃是一种具有较高辛烷值和高热值的汽油调和剂。但是它燃烧后会导 致致癌物苯的形成, 并易增加燃烧室的积炭而增大 co2的排放。 一般认为汽 油中苯和其它芳烃的含量越大, 则燃烧产物中的苯含量越大。 因此, 降低汽 油中芳烃含量必将因减少尾气中苯的排放而有利于环境。
我国是一个产煤大国, 煤炭储量十分丰富。 将丰富的煤炭资源转化为燃 料油一直是一个研究方向。 将煤炭转化为乙醇, 二曱醚也是目前煤炭利用的 重要方向。 陕西新型燃料燃具公司等单位已经研究出了酸基汽油添加剂, 该 添加剂包含 5 - 37 %的二曱醚, 10 - 60 %的低碳醇类化合物, 10 - 50 %的 C5-10烃类化合物, 0.1 - 5 %的烷基酚对聚氧乙烯醚以及 0.05 - 0.5 %的烷基 苯酚。 将该添加剂与汽油混合, 可以生产酸基复合汽油。 中国发明专利申请 CN98112948.X也披露了一种酸基汽油添加剂, 其由如下组分组成: 15.5%二 曱醚, 42%曱醇, 39%苯, 3.3%烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和 0.2%2,6-二叔丁基对曱 酚。 受此影响, 我国二曱醚的年产量目前可以已达数百万吨。 然而, 上述两 种醚基汽油添加剂由于生产成本高, 且均含有大量的苯, 使得添加有这两种 酸基汽油添加剂的汽油将根本无法满足现行汽油标准中对苯含量的要求。 而 且, 认为向汽油中加入苯也必然会导致汽油燃烧产物中苯含量急剧升高, 从 而对环境和人体造成破坏。 现在, 众多二曱醚生产厂家由于产品销路问题而 处于限产或停产, 等待观望的困难境地。
因此, 如果能够使用二曱醚生产清洁燃料, 不但不用担心原料来源, 而 且会解决这些厂家目前的问题。
虽然曱醇汽油的标准现已颁布实施, 但由于曱醇的物质特性使得曱醇汽 油仍存在一些问题: 一是曱醇相对于汽油成分的挥发性差、 造成使用曱醇汽 油的发动机冷启动困难、 燃烧不充分; 二是曱醇与汽油的互溶性差, 保质期 短, 容易变质分层; 三是替代比低(即需要使用大约 1.6— 1.7份曱醇替代 1 份的汽油); 四是如果不改变发动机结构, 曱醇汽油在现有发动机中燃烧不充 分, 动力性不足。
乙醇汽油已经在我国部分地区得到了使用。 然而, 乙醇汽油同样存在一 些问题, 例如容易吸潮, 遇水分层导致保质期短, 替代比低以及动力不足等 问题。 因此, 如果能够使用二曱醚生产清洁燃料, 不但不用担心原料来源, 而 且会解决这些厂家目前的问题。 发明内容
在本发明的第一方面,本发明涉及一种酸基燃料,其包含二曱醚和乙醇。 在该第一方面的优选实施方式中, 该酸基燃料中二曱醚的含量为 4 - 15 重量份, 乙醇的含量为 85 - 96 重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100 重量份。 进一步地, 该酸基燃料中, 二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的含 量为 85-92重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。 更进一步地, 在该酸基燃料中, 二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇的含量为 85-90重量 份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
在该第一方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的酸基燃料由二曱醚和乙醇组 成。
在该第一方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的酸基燃料是汽车燃料。
在该第一方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的醚基燃料是汽油发动机燃 料。
在本发明的第二方面, 本发明涉及一种混合燃料, 该混合燃料包含本发 明第一方面的酸基燃料和选自汽油和 180号溶剂油中的至少一种其它燃料。
在本发明的第二方面的优选实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混 合燃料总重量的 1 - 99重量%。 进一步地, 所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合 燃料总重量的 10 - 90重量%。更进一步地,所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合 燃料总重量的 30-70重量%。
在本发明第二方面的优选实施方式中, 所述汽油为 90号、 93号、 97号、 100号、 103号汽油 (其中 100号、 103号汽油在我国还未商业生产)。
在本发明第二方面的优选实施方式中, 所述汽油为曱醇汽油或乙醇汽 油。
在本发明第二方面的优选实施方式中,其中在所述混合燃料中,所述 180 号溶剂油的含量不超过所述混合燃料总重量的 20 %。
在本发明第二方面的实施方式中, 该混合燃料由本发明的酸基燃料和选 自汽油和 180号溶剂油中的至少一种其它燃料组成。
因此, 本发明包括以下实施方式: 方式 1. 一种酸基燃料, 包含二曱醚和乙醇。
方式 2. 方式 1的酸基燃料,其中二曱醚的含量为 4 - 15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85 - 96重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
方式 3. 方式 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-92重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
方式 4. 方式 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-90重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
方式 5. 方式 1 - 4任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料由二曱醚和乙 醇组成。
方式 6. 方式 1 - 5任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料是汽车燃料。 方式 7. 方式 1 - 6任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料是汽油发动机 燃料。
方式 8. —种混合燃料, 包含方式 1 - 7任一项的酸基燃料和选自汽油和 180号溶剂油中的至少一种其它燃料。
方式 9. 方式 8的混合燃料,其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合燃料的
1 - 99重量 %。
方式 10. 方式 8或 9的混合燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合 燃料的 10 - 90重量%。
方式 11. 方式 8 - 10任一项的混合燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所 述混合燃料的 20 - 80重量%。
方式 12. 方式 8 - 11任一项的混合燃料, 其中所述汽油为 90号、 93号、 97号、 100号或 103号汽油。
方式 13. 方式 8 - 12任一项的混合燃料, 其中所述汽油为曱醇汽油或乙 醇汽油。
方式 14. 方式 8 - 13任一项的混合燃料, 其中在所述混合燃料中, 所述
180号溶剂油的含量不超过所述混合燃料总重量的 20 %。
方式 15. 方式 8 - 14任一项的混合燃料,其由方式 1 - 7任一项的酸基燃 料和选自汽油和 180号溶剂油中的至少一种其它燃料组成。 具体实施方式 本发明的发明人经过大量的试验以及筛选, 意料不到地发现可以使用包 含二曱醚和乙醇的新型燃料来解决或部分克服本领域的上述问题。
本发明的第一方面
本发明的第一方面涉及一种新型酸基燃料, 该新型酸基燃料是基于二曱 醚的燃料。 具体而言, 该新型酸基燃料包含二曱醚和乙醇。
本发明的新型酸基燃料不使用石油资源, 不但可以完全代替来源于石油 的汽油作为燃料用于汽车工业, 还可以使用来自于农作物的乙醇作为主要成 分。 迄今为止, 从现有技术中无法预料到包含二曱醚和乙醇作为主要组分的 组合物可以作为燃料使用, 特别是可以作为车用燃料使用来代替汽油。 从现 有技术中根本无法预料到由二曱醚和乙醇组成的酸基燃料可以完全代替常规 汽油通常是 C4-C10烷烃的混合物, 并含有苯和曱苯、 芳烃与烯烃等物 本文中 "汽油" 包括普通汽油、 曱醇汽油和乙醇汽油。
本发明的酸基燃料不含汽油主要组分, 即本发明的酸基燃料不含有 C4 以上烃, 例如 C4-C10烷烃、 苯等等。 在本文中, "不含有 C4以上烃" 是指 不有意添加 C4以上烃。
本发明的醚基燃料主要包含二曱醚和乙醇。 一般而言, 在本发明的醚基 燃料中, 二曱醚的含量可以为 4 - 15 重量份, 而乙醇的含量可以为 85 - 96 重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。 优选地, 在该酸基燃料 中, 二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的含量为 85-92重量份, 其中二曱醚 和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。 更优选地, 在该酸基燃料中, 二曱醚的含量 为 10-15重量份, 乙醇的含量为 85-90重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量 为 100重量份。
下面对这两种组分进行详细描述。
二曱醚是一种无色、 无味且无毒的化合物。 二曱醚在常温和常压下为气 体。 其分子量为 46, 含氧量为 35 , 空燃比为 9, 空燃混合气热值高于柴油 ( 3067/2911 ) , 十六烷值为 60 (比柴油高 5 - 12个单位) , 尾气排放中 CO 和 HC比汽油分别低 55 %和 86 %。 因此, 二曱醚的燃烧比汽油更完全, 燃烧 产物比汽油更环保。 二曱醚的燃烧性能和机械性能好, 爆发力强, 这些性能 都优于曱基叔丁基醚。 乙醇在本申请中是指无水乙醇, 其含氧量高(约 35 % ) , 辛烷值大(乙 醇辛烷值为 111 , 比汽油高 14 - 21个单位) , 污染排放物优于汽油。 乙醇的 来源广泛, 特别是可以由发酵法由木薯、 秸秆, 特别是玉米制备, 成本较低。 在我国, 由于乙醇汽油已经得到使用, 因此乙醇, 特别是用于燃料的乙醇的 供应已经不成为问题。
本发明所使用的二曱醚可以来自煤基多联产即化肥厂废弃循环利用之 再生材料, 来源广泛, 并且成本低廉。
本发明的酸基燃料同时具有二曱醚的高洁净燃烧(因而高洁净排放) 的 优点以及乙醇的高辛烷值的优点, 因此, 该酸基燃料能够具有辛烷值高, 燃 烧充分, 排放污染低, 原料易得和成本低廉的优势。 本发明的酸基燃料能够 满足汽车产业对汽油的各项要求, 从而代替常用汽油作为汽车的燃料使用。
更特别的是, 本发明的酸基燃料还具有自清洁的特点。 不希望受限于具 体理论, 本发明的发明人认为由于乙醇具有良好的溶解性能, 能有效避免在 火花塞、 燃烧室、 气门、 排气管消声器等部位形成积炭, 防止油路堵塞, 并 避免因积炭和堵塞而引起的故障, 故而产生了自清洁作用。 令人惊讶地是, 本发明的醚基燃料可以在不添加任何添加剂的情况下,完成这种自清洁功能。
因此, 本发明的酸基燃料可以实现清洁燃烧、 清洁排放以及保护车辆的 作用。
可以通过调节酸基燃料中二曱醚和乙醇的含量, 来达到调节辛烷值的作 用。 一般而言, 随着乙醇的含量降低, 本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值也会随之 降低。 但是, 由于乙醇本身的辛烷值非常高, 因此, 在不使用辛烷值改进剂 的情况下, 本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值都会比较高
本发明的醚基燃料可以不使用任何添加剂, 也就是说, 本发明的醚基燃 料可以仅仅由二曱醚和乙醇组成。 然而, 根据具体应用的需要, 也可以加入 其它组分或者添加剂, 以便进一步改善所得燃料的某些性能。
由于本发明的新型酸基燃料不同于常规燃料 (例如汽油和柴油), 因此, 常规的汽油添加剂并不一定能够用于本发明的酸基燃料。 在将常规的添加剂 用于本发明的酸基燃料之前, 必须首先进行相容性试验。 这里的相容性是指 待使用的添加剂可以溶于本发明的酸基燃料中, 并能够保持稳定存在, 而且 不改变本发明酸基燃料的性状。 只有那些与本发明的酸基燃料可以相容的添 加剂才有可能用于本发明的酸基燃料中。 此外, 还需要注意添加剂的加入也 不能够显著不利地影响本发明酸基燃料的独特性能, 例如洁净性等。
可能用于本发明酸基燃料的常规汽油添加剂包括, 例如, 催化剂、 增燃 剂、 抗氧化剂、 助燃剂、 清净剂、 抗爆剂、 金属钝化剂、 緩蚀剂、 防水剂、 防腐蚀剂、 消烟剂等等。 经过相容性试验检验合格后, 可以将这些添加剂加 入到本发明的醚基燃料中, 条件是不显著不利地影响本发明的醚基燃料的独 特性能即可。 也可以在本发明的酸基燃料中加入添加剂的组合, 条件是不显 著不利地影响本发明的酸基燃料的独特性能即可。
发明人通过大量试验发现, 某些市售的添加剂产品是可以用于本发明的 酸基燃料的, 例如石化研究院生产的乙醇汽油清净剂, 河南新乡四特节油剂 厂生产的燃油节油清净剂等诸多能够与此酸基燃料可以相容的抗爆剂、 催化 剂、 增燃剂、 抗氧化剂、 助燃剂、 金属钝化剂、 緩蚀剂、 防水剂、 防腐蚀剂、 消烟剂等添加剂产品。
更特别地是, 本发明的发明人经过大量的研究工作, 预料不到地发现在 本发明的酸基燃料中加入 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚作为抗氧化剂, 能够减少本发 明的醚基燃料自动氧化而产生的胶质, 延緩燃料氧化, 延长保质时间。 在本 发明的酸基燃料含有 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的时候, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含量 可以为 0.005 - 0.05重量份, 优选 0.008 - 0.02重量份, 最优选 0.009 - 0.012 重量份, 基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇总量。
本发明的发明人发现, 如果本发明的酸基燃料中含有叔丁醇, 则会进一 步提高该酸基燃料的功能和效果。在酸基燃料中,叔丁醇会起到提高辛烷值、 改善燃烧性能和緩解乙醇吸潮性等作用。叔丁醇的优选含量为 0.5 - 2重量份, 优选 0.9 - 1.1重量份, 基于 100重量份的二曱醚和乙醇总量。
虽然本发明的酸基燃料具有自清洁作用, 但是为进一步增强本发明的醚 基燃料的清洁作用,进一步增加油路系统的清洁以及减少发动机积碳的产生, 本发明的醚基燃料还可以含有清净剂。 发明人发现, 优选在本发明的醚基燃 料中加入丁二酰亚胺。 丁二酰亚胺可以起到除去汽化器和曲轴箱系统的油泥 和积碳的效果, 减少对大气环境的污染, 减少 CO的排放, 减少 HC的排放, 还能够减少油泵和喷油嘴的磨损, 防止火化塞结焦, 并提供发动机的功率, 从而节约能源, 并提高燃油经济性。 在本发明的酸基燃料中, 以二曱醚和乙 醇的总重量为 100重量份计, 丁二酰亚胺的含量可以为 0.005 - 0.02重量份, 优选地, 丁二酰亚胺的含量为 0.008 - 0.012重量份。
发明人还令人惊讶地发现, 在本发明的醚基燃料中同时含有叔丁醇、 丁 二酰亚胺和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的时候, 这三种添加剂能够提供协同作用, 使得本发明的醚基燃料质量更加稳定, 燃料的燃烧更加充分、 发动机运行安 全并且动力充足。
对于制备本发明的酸基燃料的方法没有特别限制, 可以通过化工领域常 规技术获得本发明的醚基燃料。 本发明醚基燃料的制备包括在包含任选的添 加剂的情况下,任选的添加剂的加入, 以及二曱醚和乙醇的混合。 一般而言, 可以将添加剂加入到乙醇中, 然后再与二曱醚混合。 然而, 也可以先进行二 曱醚和乙醇的混合, 然后再加入任选的添加剂。 对于后加入任选的添加剂而 言, 如果需要搅拌, 则应该緩慢搅拌。 对于二曱醚和乙醇的混合而言, 通常 可以釆用气体吸收塔来获得这种混合。 釆用气体吸收塔来进行液体对气体的 吸收从而获得液体与气体的混合是化工领域的常规技术。 本发明醚基燃料的 获得是釆用物理吸收的方法获得的, 仅仅涉及乙醇对二曱醚的吸收。 一般而 言, 通常选择逆流吸收, 来完成本发明酸基燃料的制备。 本发明对于吸收塔 的选择并没有任何限制, 可以选择填料塔、 板式塔。 本发明对于吸收条件同 样没有任何限制, 化学工程技术人员在面对乙醇对二曱醚气体的吸收这一具 体目的时, 会根据基本化工原理, 以及所需的相对含量来选择吸收塔和吸收 条件。 通常而言, 常规常温吸收即可完成乙醇对二曱醚的吸收。
这种吸收过程可以简述如下: 使得二曱醚气体经过定量计量设备(如气 体分布器)从吸收塔底部进入; 与此同时, 使得乙醇 (或者预先混合有任选的 添加剂的乙醇)从塔顶加入, 气液两相在吸收塔内逆向流动, 并直接并充分接 触, 使得二曱醚气体被乙醇所吸收。 根据吸收塔的选择及其效率的不同, 可 以釆用单程吸收或者循环吸收。 对于循环吸收而言, 可以将自塔底出来的含 有二曱醚的乙醇(并任选含有添加剂)重新输送回到塔顶并引入到塔内, 将 塔顶出来的气体重新输送回到塔底并引入到塔内, 由此重复二曱醚气体的吸 收过程。 这种重复吸收根据需要可以进行多次。 然而, 本领域技术人员也可 以知道, 通过吸收塔的单程吸收就可以基本上将二曱醚溶于乙醇中, 获得所 需的二曱酸含量而无需重复吸收。
本发明的酸基燃料的稳定性远远高于普通汽油。 这可以从本发明的酸基 燃料长时间存放之后的诱导期和胶质含量得以证明。 本发明的发明人发现, 本发明的醚基燃料具有高氧含量、 低蒸汽压、 低 硫、 低苯、 低芳烃和无铅的优点。 本发明的酸基燃料可以用于现有的车辆, 而无需改变发动机结构。 本发明的第二方面
在本发明的第二方面, 本发明涉及一种混合燃料, 包含本发明的醚基燃 料和其它燃料, 例如汽油和溶剂油中的至少一种。 本发明的混合燃料也可以 下面对其它燃料分别为汽油、 溶剂油或其组合的情况进行说明。
其它燃料为汽油
发明人发现, 本发明的酸基燃料可以单独作为燃料使用, 用于发动机, 特别是汽油发动机。 因此, 本发明的酸基燃料可以完全代替汽油用于汽车燃 料。 然而, 也可以将本发明的酸基燃料与常规使用的汽油, 乃至曱醇汽油或 此, 本发明的混合燃料可以包含本发明第一方面的酸基燃料和汽油。
在将本发明的醚基燃料与汽油混配时, 本发明的醚基燃料与汽油的混合 比例可以根据需要任意调节。
一般而言, 在本发明第二方面的包含汽油的混合燃料中, 本发明的酸基 燃料的含量可以为 1 - 99重量%, 基于混合燃料的总重量。 优选地, 本发明 的酸基燃料的含量可以为 10 - 90重量%, 更优选 30-70重量%, 基于混合燃 料的总重量。 优选地, 汽油的含量相应为 90 - 10重量% , 更优选 70-30重量 %。
可以用于本发明第二方面的汽油, 可以为例如普通汽油, 以及曱醇汽油 或乙醇汽油, 特别是车用汽油。 这些汽油的标号可以为例如 90号、 93号、 97号、 100号、 103号。
在本申请中, 普通汽油是指没有加入二曱醚、 曱醇或乙醇的汽油。 曱醇 汽油和乙醇汽油分别是指加入了曱醇或乙醇的汽油。 由于乙醇汽油内已经加 入了乙醇, 在将本发明的酸基燃料与乙醇汽油混配使用时, 乙醇汽油中带有 的乙醇会改变本发明酸基燃料的二曱醚和乙醇比例。 因此, 在将本发明的醚 基燃料与乙醇汽油混配使用时, 根据具体条件和用途, 需要考虑乙醇汽油中 的乙醇含量, 来最终确定本发明的酸基燃料与乙醇汽油的混合比例。 或者, 在将本发明的酸基燃料与乙醇汽油混配使用时, 根据具体条件和用途, 需要 考虑乙醇汽油中的乙醇含量, 以便确保乙醇汽油中乙醇的引入不会导致本发 明的酸基燃料中二曱醚和乙醇的含量比偏离本发明的范围。 一般而言, 为了 使得本发明酸基燃料的二曱酸含量处于 4 - 15 (例如 5 - 10 )重量份(以 100 重量份乙醇和二曱醚的总量计算) 的优选范围内, 在使用乙醇汽油时, 乙醇 汽油的混合比例不宜超过 50 %。
例如,在乙醇汽油含有 15重量%的乙醇时,混合使用时应考虑所使用二 曱醚的比例, 保证混合后的混合燃料的燃料性能, 则乙醇汽油的混合比例不 宜超过本发明醚基燃料的 50%。
一般而言, 本发明的酸基燃料可以与普通汽油以任意比例混配。 优选, 本发明的酸基燃料与普通汽油以 10: 90至 90: 10的重量比例混配。 更优选, 本发明的酸基燃料与普通汽油以 20: 80至 80: 20的重量比例混配。 更优选, 本发明的酸基燃料与普通汽油以 30: 70至 70: 30的重量比例混配。
在酸基燃料的混合比例高达 80 %的时候, 即 80重量份本发明的酸基燃 料与 20重量份的普通汽油 (例如 90号汽油) 混合时, 所得到的混合燃料质 量稳定, 可以常温保存 1年不分层。
对于获得含有汽油的混合燃料的方法没有具体限制。 可以通过将本发明 的醚基燃料与汽油混合, 来获得混合燃料。 例如, 可以将本发明的醚基燃料 加入到汽油中, 或者将汽油加入到本发明的酸基燃料中, 或者将本发明的醚 基燃料和汽油同时加入到单独的容器中, 并混合均匀, 来获得混合燃料。 可 以使用緩慢的搅拌来促进混合。
如上所述, 由于本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值较高, 通常在 100以上, 因 此, 可以使用本发明的酸基燃料来提高普通汽油的标号。 例如, 可以使用本 发明的酸基燃料来使得 90号汽油或 93号汽油分别达到 93号或 97号汽油的 标准。
此外,使用本发明的酸基燃料还可以改善普通汽油的稳定性。一般而言, 市售普通汽油的稳定性不够良好。将本发明的酸基燃料与市售普通汽油配混, 可以提高普通汽油的诱导期并降低胶质含量。
在本发明的酸基燃料以 30%的比例与普通汽油, 或者以 20%的比例与曱 醇汽油或乙醇汽油混合使用时, 还可以达到提高动力以及节省燃料的效果。 在同样工况的发动机使用条件下, 燃料的节省比例可以高达 10%以上。 使用 本发明的酸基燃料与汽油混配,替代比可以提高到 0.7至 1 (乙醇汽油的替代 比为 1.6-1.7 ) 。 在这里, 替代比是指代替一份普通汽油需要的乙醇汽油或者 本发明的醚基燃料的重量份。 并且, 使用本发明的醚基燃料, 可以使得尾气 排放量大大降低, 从而提供优异的环保效果。 其它燃料为溶剂油
用于本发明第二方面的混合燃料的其它燃料也可以是 180号溶剂油。 因 此,本发明的混合燃料可以包含本发明第一方面的醚基燃料和 180号溶剂油。
溶剂油, 在石油工业中, 一般是指用作溶剂的汽油, 包括催化重整抽余 据不同的用途, 有橡胶溶剂油、 提取溶剂油和工业溶剂油。 在本申请中, 溶 剂油是指炼油厂炼油工艺前端, 即温度为 30 - 70°C的轻质馏出成分。 一般石 油溶剂油通常按其 98 %馏出温度或干点 100 %馏出温度)分为 70、 90、 120、 180、 190、 200等牌号。
在本申请中优选使用 180号溶剂油,又称航空洗涤油,其精制程度较深, 沸程为 40 ~ 180°C。 使用 180号溶剂油: 一是混溶性好、 二是成本低、 三是 有可利用的辛烷值组份与高挥发性物质。
一般而言, 在本发明的混合燃料中, 酸基燃料与 180号溶剂油的比例可 以为任意比例。 优选, 酸基燃料与 180号溶剂油的重量比例为 90: 10, 更优 选, 本发明的酸基燃料与 180号溶剂油的重量比例为 80: 20。
在酸基燃料的混合比例高达 80 %的时候, 即 80重量份本发明的酸基燃 料和 20重量份的 180号溶剂油混合时,所得到的混合燃料质量稳定,可以常 温保存 1年不分层。
包含本发明酸基燃料和 180号溶剂油的混合燃料可以作为燃料, 特别是
对于获得含有 180号溶剂油和本发明醚基燃料的混合燃料的方法没有具 体限制。 可以通过将本发明的醚基燃料与 180号溶剂油混合, 来获得混合燃 料。 例如, 可以将本发明的酸基燃料加入到 180号溶剂油中, 或者将溶剂油 加入到本发明的酸基燃料中, 或者将本发明的酸基燃料和 180号溶剂油同时 加入到单独的容器中, 并混合均匀, 来获得混合燃料。 可以使用緩慢搅拌来 促进混合。 其它燃料为汽油和 180号溶剂油的组合 本发明的混合燃料除了本发明的醚基燃料以外, 也可以包含汽油和 180 号溶剂油的组合。
本发明的醚基燃料与这两种其它燃料之间以及这两种其它燃料之间都 具有混溶性。 因此, 即使将本发明的酸基燃料与这两种其它燃料同时使用, 也可以作为交通工具或者动力设备的燃料, 例如汽车发动机的燃料。 对于本 发明的混合燃料包含汽油和 180号溶剂油的组合的情况, 与上面单独论述仅 仅包含汽油或 180号溶剂油的情况类似。 但是, 由于 180号溶剂油的辛烷值 较低, 优选 180号溶剂油的含量不超过混合燃料总重量的 20重量%。
对于获得包含汽油和 180号溶剂油的组合和本发明酸基燃料的混合燃料 的方法没有具体限制。 可以通过将本发明的酸基燃料与汽油和 180号溶剂油 的组合混合, 来获得混合燃料。例如, 可以将本发明的醚基燃料、 汽油和 180 号溶剂油都加入到单独的容器中, 并混合均匀, 来获得混合燃料。 可以使用 緩慢搅拌来促进混合。 下面将釆用具体实施例来进一步描述本发明。 然而, 本发明并不受这些 具体实施例的限制。
实施例
在以下实施例中釆用的原料如下:
无水乙醇, 含量大于 99.7 % , 来自北京化工厂
二曱醚, 含量为 99.5%, 来自河北冀春二曱酸发展有限公司
2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚, 购自国药集团化工试剂有限公司
叔丁醇, 含量大于 99 % , 购自国药集团化工试剂有限公司
丁二酰亚胺, 含量为 98.8-100.5%, 购自国药集团化工试剂有限公司 酸基燃料实施例 1 在常规吸收塔内, 按照逆流吸收法, 将二曱醚吸收于乙醇中, 得到二曱 醚浓度为 5重量%的乙醇溶液, 从而获得酸基燃料 1。
酸基燃料实施例 2
与酸基燃料实施例 1相同, 在上述吸收塔内, 按照逆流吸收法, 将二曱 醚吸收于曱醇中, 得到二曱醚浓度为 9重量%的乙醇溶液, 从而获得酸基燃 料 2。
酸基燃料实施例 3
与酸基燃料实施例 1相同, 在上述吸收塔内, 按照逆流吸收法, 将二曱 醚吸收于曱醇中,得到二曱醚浓度为 12重量%的乙醇溶液,从而获得酸基燃 料 3。
酸基燃料实施例 4
与酸基燃料实施例 1相同, 在上述吸收塔内, 按照逆流吸收法, 将二曱 醚吸收于曱醇中,得到二曱醚浓度为 15重量%的乙醇溶液,从而获得酸基燃 料 4。
酸基燃料实施例 5
将 lg 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 lg 丁二酰亚胺和 100g叔丁醇加入到 10kg 如上所述制得的醚基燃料 1中, 轻微搅拌, 获得醚基燃料 5。 混合燃料实施例 1
在透明容器中, 将 200g上述酸基燃料 1与 1800g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 10: 90的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 1。
混合燃料实施例 2
在透明容器中, 将 400g上述酸基燃料 2与 1600g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 20: 80的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 2。
混合燃料实施例 3
在透明容器中, 将 600g上述酸基燃料 3与 1400g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 30: 70的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 3。
混合燃料实施例 4
在透明容器中, 将 lOOOg上述酸基燃料 4与 1000g 90号车用汽油(中石 化北京公司生产)按照 50: 50的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 4。
混合燃料实施例 5 在透明容器中, 将 1400g上述酸基燃料 2与 600g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 70: 30的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 5。
混合燃料实施例 6
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述酸基燃料 1与 400g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 80: 20的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 6。
混合燃料实施例 7
在透明容器中, 将 1800g上述酸基燃料 2与 200g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 90: 10的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 7。
混合燃料实施例 8
在透明容器中, 将 400g上述酸基燃料 1与 1600g 90号乙醇汽油 (市售 乙醇汽油, 乙醇含量为 10 % )按照 20:80的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 8。
混合燃料实施例 9
在透明容器中,将 l lOOg上述酸基燃料 2与 900g90号曱醇汽油(市售曱 醇汽油, 曱醇含量为 15 % )按照 55: 45的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 9。
混合燃料实施例 10
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述酸基燃料 2与 400g 180号溶剂油(购买于 北京东海化工厂)按照 80: 20的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 10。
混合燃料实施例 11
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述酸基燃料 5与 400g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)按照 80: 20的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 11。
混合燃料实施例 12
在透明容器中, 将 1600g上述酸基燃料 1与 200g 90号车用汽油 (中石 化北京公司生产)和 200g 180号溶剂油(购买于北京东海化工厂)混合, 得 到混合燃料 12。 储存性试验
1. 将配制好的上述酸基燃料 1-5、 混合燃料 1 - 12各自密闭保存, 在环 境温度静置过夜, 然后视觉观察, 没有发现分层现象。
2. 将配制好的上述酸基燃料 1-5、 混合燃料 1 - 12各取 500g, 然后密闭 保存, 在环境温度保存 1个月后视觉观察, 没有发现分层现象。
辛烷值测量 按照 GB/T 5487 汽油辛烷值测定法 (研究法), 对上面获得的酸基燃料 1 - 5和混合汽油燃料 1 - 12进行辛烷值测量, 测量结果示于表 1中。 稳定性试验
将配制好的上述酸基燃料 1 - 5和混合燃料 1 - 12在环境条件下放置 1 个月, 然后按照 GB/T8019测量胶质含量, 并按照 GB/T8018测量诱导期, 测 量结果示于表 1中。 表 1
实施例编号 组分( wt% ) 辛烷值(RON ) 胶 质 含 量 诱导期
二曱醚 乙醇 ( mg/100mL ) (分钟) 醚基燃料 1 5 95 > 100 1 1000 醚基燃料 2 9 91 > 100 1 1000 醚基燃料 3 12 88 > 100 1 1200 醚基燃料 4 15 85 > 100 1 1200 醚基燃料 5a 5 95 > 100 1 1500 表 1 (续)
实施例编号 组分 辛 烷 值 胶 质 含 量 诱导期
( RON ) ( mg/100mL ) (分钟) 混合燃料 1 醚基燃料 1, 200g 93 3 1000
90号车用汽油, 1800g
混合燃料 2 酸基燃料 2, 400g; 95 3 1000
90号车用汽油, 1600g
混合燃料 3 酸基燃料 3, 600g; 97 3 1000
90号车用汽油, 1400g
混合燃料 4 酸基燃料 4, 1000g; > 100 2 1300
90号车用汽油, 1000g
混合燃料 5 酸基燃料 2, 1400g; > 100 1 1300
90号车用汽油, 600g 混合燃料 6 酸基燃料 1, 1600g; > 100 1 1500
90号车用汽油, 400g
混合燃料 7 酸基燃料 2, 1800g; > 100 1 1500
90号车用汽油, 200g
混合燃料 8 酸基燃料 1, 400g; 95 3 1000
90号乙醇汽油, 1600g
混合燃料 9 酸基燃料 2, HOOg; 95 2 1000
90号曱醇汽油, 900g
混合燃料 10 酸基燃料 2, 1600g; 93 1 1000
180号溶剂油, 400g
混合燃料 11 酸基燃料 5, 1600g; 97 1 1000
90号车用汽油, 400g
混合燃料 12 酸基燃料 1, 1600g; 97 1 1000
90号车用汽油, 200g
180号溶剂油, 200g
a: 酸基燃料 5中还含有约 0.01 %的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 约 0.01 %的丁 二酰亚胺和约 1 %的叔丁醇。 车辆 2公里运行试验
将松花江汽车 (东安 462发动机) 的油箱汽油排干, 将上述酸基燃料 1
- 5和混合汽油燃料 1 - 12各自取 2公斤并放入油箱中。 点火启动, 试燃 10 分钟后, 进行 2公里试验性运行(路况为高速公路, 平均时速为约 80公里 / 小时)。 将上述运行结果与釆用 90号车用汽油(中石化北京公司生产)运行 该汽车时的状况, 按照下面的比较项目 1 - 4进行比较。 该比较项目 1-3是釆 用有 10年驾龄的驾驶人主观感觉来进行判断。项目 4釆用将剩余的燃料从油 箱中全部排出, 并称量重量, 从而计算油耗。
比较项目:
1. 发动机燃烧情况
2. 车辆运行状况
3. 排气管是否排放可见杂质 (例如, 黑烟等) (此时需要加长排气管, 使得驾驶员可以看见从排气管排放的尾气) 。 4. 油耗与普通汽油相比结果如何
将上述比较结果列于表 2中。 在表 2的 "发动机燃烧情况" 一列中, 表示发动机燃烧情况与 90 号车用汽油相当或者更优; " X " 表示发动机燃烧情况劣于 90号车用汽油。
在表 2的 "车辆运行状况"一列中, " 0) "表示车辆运行状况与 90号车 用汽油相当或者更优; " X " 表示车辆运行状况劣于 90号车用汽油。
在表 2的 "排气管是否排放可见杂质" 一列中, 表示不排放可见 杂质; " X " 表示排放可见杂质。
在表 2 的 "油耗与汽油相比结果如何" 一列中, 表示油耗与 90 号车用汽油相当或者更优; " X " 表示油耗劣于 90号车用汽油。 车辆长距离运行试验
重复上面的酸基燃料 1 - 5和混合燃料 1 - 12的配制试验,不同在于各组 分的用量都增加到原用量的 20倍,以便用于相同的松花江汽车进行 600公里 长距离试验, 以及用于奥迪 A6 (发动机型号: 奥迪 A6 2.4排量轿车发动机 为 V型 6缸 /6气门电控多点燃油喷射发动机。 )进行 800公里长距离运行试 验。 并按照上面的方法, 评价车辆运行情况。 长距离运行试验釆用高速路路 段, 平均时速为 100公里 /小时。 评价结果示于表 2中。
发明人发现在釆用本发明的酸基燃料和混合燃料进行上述运行试验时, 对于短距离、长距离以及不同汽车类型都获得了一致的相同良好结果, 因此, 下表 2中的结果代表了上面的运行试验的所有结果。
表 2
项 目 发动机燃烧情 车辆运行状况 排气管是否排 油耗与汽油相 燃油 况 放可见杂盾 比结果如何 醚基燃料 1 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
醚基燃料 2 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
醚基燃料 3 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
醚基燃料 4 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
醚基燃料 5 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 1 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ 混合燃料 2 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ 混合燃料 3 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 4 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 5 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 6 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 7 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 8 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 9 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 10 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎
混合燃料 11 ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ 从表 1和表 2的结果可以看出, 本发明的醚基燃料以及含有本发明的醚 基燃料的混合燃料可以用于各种车用汽油发动机, 耗油量与市售汽油相同或 者较低。 表 1和表 2的结果还证实了, 本发明的酸基燃料可以单独使用, 也 可以与各种汽油混合使用。 表 1的结果同样证实了, 本发明的酸基燃料辛烷 值较高, 大部分都超过了 100。 并且, 本发明的酸基燃料可以用来提高普通 汽油或者曱醇汽油或乙醇汽油的辛烷值, 并改善普通汽油或者乙醇或曱醇汽 油的 拓宽车用燃料范围。
Figure imgf000019_0001
对上述酸基燃料 1 - 5和混合燃料 1 - 12进行摺程、铜片腐蚀和铅含量检 测。 其中馏程检测按照 GB/T6536进行, 铜片腐蚀检测按照 GB/T5096进行, 铅含量检测 GB/T8020进行。 检测结果示于下表 3中。 表 3
Figure imgf000019_0002
终镏点 V 96 85 87 79 82 残留量 % ( V/V ) 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 铜片腐蚀 级 1 1 1 1 1
( 50°C, 3h)
铅 gL 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 表 3 (续)
Figure imgf000020_0001
Figure imgf000020_0002
Figure imgf000021_0001
从表 3的结果可以看出, 本发明的醚基燃料以及含有本发明的醚基燃料 的混合燃料各项指标均获得良好的结果。 尾气排放检测
根据 GB18285-2005 , 使用奇瑞 SQR7080 汽车 (发动机型号为 SQR372FD )对上述醚基燃料 1 - 5和混合燃料 1 - 12进行尾气排放测量, 表 中所示结果为三次测量的平均值。
测量结果示于下表 4中。
表 4
Figure imgf000021_0002
低怠速
CO(%) 0.06 0.12 0.08 0.07 0.08 1.0
HC(ppm) 10 0 1 0 0 200
NOx(ppm) 40 12 10 10 10
Figure imgf000022_0002
Figure imgf000022_0001
Figure imgf000023_0001
从表 4可以看出, 使用本发明的醚基燃料和混合燃料, 尾气排放污染物 明显低于我国的国家标准。 本发明的酸基燃料具有辛烷值高, 增加动力性, 能耗低, 洁净性高, 通 用性好, 保质期长, 来源广泛等优点。 由于辛烷值高, 本发明的酸基燃料更 加适用于高压缩比发动机, 从而增加动力性。 一般而言, 本发明的酸基燃料 由于辛烷值高, 而且可以在配制中加入提高热值组分, 在对车辆做适应性调 整(减少进气, 调整点火提前角) 的情况下, 能耗率降低 5%, 与汽油混溶 掺烧, 能耗率降低 10%以上。 本发明的酸基燃料为高含氧燃料, 由于燃烧完 全, 可使汽车污染排放物 CO、 C02+HC降低 50%—80%, 致癌物苯及硫排 放系数为 0。 同时可有效清除车辆供油、 燃烧系统积碳, 延长发动机的使用 寿命。 本发明酸基燃料的通用性好, 在不改变发动机结构及参数情况下, 可 直接使用; 并且发明人发现在调小风门, 调整点火提前角的情况下, 能进一 步提高发动机的动力, 并稳定运行。 与汽油进行任何比例掺烧。 本发明的醚 基燃料的诱导期是国标汽油的一倍以上。 可长期稳定保存, 能够使储存、 运 输、 销售和使用环节所需时间延长。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种酸基燃料, 包含二曱醚和乙醇。
2. 权利要求 1 的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 4 - 15重量份, 乙醇 的含量为 85 - 96重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
3. 权利要求 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 8-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-92重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
4. 权利要求 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 10-15重量份, 乙醇的 含量为 85-90重量份, 其中二曱醚和乙醇的总重量为 100重量份。
5. 权利要求 1 - 4任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料由二曱醚和乙 醇组成。
6. 权利要求 1 - 5任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料是汽车燃料。
7. 权利要求 1 - 6任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料是汽油发动机 燃料。
8. 一种混合燃料, 包含权利要求 1 - 7任一项的酸基燃料和选自汽油和
180号溶剂油中的至少一种其它燃料。
9. 权利要求 8 的混合燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合燃料 的 1 - 99重量%。
10. 权利要求 8或 9的混合燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混 合燃料的 10 - 90重量%。
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CN1618933A (zh) * 2003-11-20 2005-05-25 闵恩泽 替代石油的低硫清洁燃料

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