WO2011085655A1 - 醚基燃料 - Google Patents

醚基燃料 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011085655A1
WO2011085655A1 PCT/CN2011/070077 CN2011070077W WO2011085655A1 WO 2011085655 A1 WO2011085655 A1 WO 2011085655A1 CN 2011070077 W CN2011070077 W CN 2011070077W WO 2011085655 A1 WO2011085655 A1 WO 2011085655A1
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Prior art keywords
acid
fuel
gasoline
based fuel
present
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PCT/CN2011/070077
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董书君
陈宗勇
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北京兰凯博能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2011085655A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011085655A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/02Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/02Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
    • C10L2270/023Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2270/00Specifically adapted fuels
    • C10L2270/04Specifically adapted fuels for turbines, planes, power generation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel clean fuel, and more particularly to a clean acid based fuel.
  • the ether-based fuel comprises dioxane and decyl alcohol. More specifically, the acid-based fuel may consist of only dioxane and decyl alcohol.
  • the present invention also relates to a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the present invention and gasoline. Background technique
  • Benzene is a recognized carcinogen. It is directly affected by the evaporation and combustion of gasoline and the release of exhaust gas into the atmosphere. Therefore, this indicator is restricted in the EU, UK, Australia and Russia gasoline standards, generally not more than 5% (v/v). According to Beijing local standards, the content of benzene is required to be no more than 1.0% by volume. But as environmental requirements, governments and The agency may also impose more stringent restrictions.
  • An aromatic hydrocarbon is a gasoline blending agent with a high octane number and a high calorific value. However, it burns to cause the formation of carcinogenic benzene, and it tends to increase the carbon deposits in the combustion chamber and increase the discharge of co 2 . It is generally believed that the greater the content of benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline, the greater the benzene content of the combustion products. Therefore, reducing the aromatics content in gasoline is bound to benefit the environment by reducing benzene emissions from the tail gas.
  • Chinese invention patent application CN98112948.X also discloses an acid-based gasoline additive consisting of the following components: 15.5% diterpene ether, 42% decyl alcohol, 39% benzene, 3.3% alkylphenol ethoxylate and 0.2 %2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol. Affected by this, the annual production of diterpene ether in China can now reach several million tons. However, the above two acid-based gasoline additives have high production costs and contain a large amount of benzene, so that the gasoline added with these two acid-based gasoline additives will not meet the requirements of the current gasoline standard for benzene content.
  • diterpene ether can be used to produce clean fuels, there is no need to worry about the source of raw materials, and it will solve the current problems of these manufacturers.
  • the invention relates to an acid based fuel comprising diterpene ether and decyl alcohol.
  • the diterpene ether content of the acid-based fuel is 4-12
  • the content of the sterol is 88 to 96 parts by weight, and the total weight of the diterpene ether and the decyl alcohol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the acid-based fuel has a dimethyl ether content of 5 to 9 parts by weight and a sterol content of 91 to 95 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the decyl alcohol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention consists of didecyl ether and decyl alcohol.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is an automotive fuel.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is a gasoline engine fuel.
  • the invention in a second aspect of the invention, relates to a mixed fuel comprising the acid-based fuel of the first aspect of the invention and gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 1 to 99% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel. Further, the acid-based fuel is contained in an amount of 10 - 90% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • the gasoline is No. 90, No. 93, No. 97, No. 100, No. 103 gasoline (of which No. 100 and No. 103 gasoline have not been commercially produced in China).
  • the gasoline is sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline.
  • the mixed fuel of the present invention consists of the acid-based fuel of the present invention and gasoline.
  • the present invention includes the following embodiments:
  • Method 1 An acid-based fuel comprising diterpene ether and decyl alcohol.
  • Mode 2 The acid-based fuel of Mode 1, wherein the content of the diterpene ether is 4 to 12 parts by weight, and the content of the decyl alcohol is 88 to 96 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the decyl alcohol is 100 parts by weight.
  • Mode 3 The acid-based fuel of Mode 1, wherein the content of the diterpene ether is 5 to 9 parts by weight, and the content of the decyl alcohol is 91 to 95 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the decyl alcohol is 100 parts by weight.
  • Method 7 A mixed fuel containing the acid-based fuel and gasoline of any of the methods 1 - 6.
  • Mode 8 The mixed fuel of mode 7, wherein the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 1 to 99% by weight of the mixed fuel.
  • Mode 9 The mixed fuel of mode 7 or 8, wherein the acid-based fuel is present in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight of the mixed fuel.
  • Mode 10 The mixed fuel of any one of the methods 7-9, wherein the gasoline is gasoline No. 90, No. 93, No. 97, No. 100, No. 103.
  • Mode 11 The mixed fuel of any one of items 7 to 10, wherein the gasoline is sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline.
  • Mode 12 The mixed fuel of any one of the methods 7 to 11, which consists of the acid-based fuel of any of the modes 1 to 6 and gasoline. detailed description
  • the inventors of the present invention have undergone extensive testing and screening, and it has unexpectedly been found that a novel fuel comprising dioxane and decyl alcohol can be used to solve or partially overcome the above problems in the art.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a novel acid-based fuel which is a dioxane-based fuel.
  • the novel acid-based fuel comprises dioxane and decyl alcohol.
  • the novel acid-based fuel of the present invention does not use petroleum resources, and can completely replace petroleum-derived gasoline as a fuel for the automobile industry.
  • a composition containing diether ether and decyl alcohol as a main component can be used as a fuel, and in particular, it can be used as a fuel for a vehicle instead of gasoline.
  • Fuels composed of dioxane and decyl alcohol are not expected at all from the prior art.
  • Gasoline is usually a mixture of C4-C10 alkanes and contains substances such as benzene and toluene.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention does not contain a main component of gasoline, i.e., the acid-based fuel of the present invention does not contain a hydrocarbon of C4 or higher, such as a C4-C10 alkane, benzene or the like.
  • a hydrocarbon of C4 or higher such as a C4-C10 alkane, benzene or the like.
  • does not contain hydrocarbons above C4" means that no hydrocarbons above C4 are intentionally added.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention mainly comprises dioxane and decyl alcohol.
  • the content of the diterpene ether may be 4 to 12 parts by weight, and the content of the sterol may be 88 to 96. Parts by weight, wherein the total weight of dioxane and decyl alcohol is 100 parts by weight.
  • the content of the diterpene ether is 5 to 9 parts by weight, and the content of the decyl alcohol is 91 to 95 parts by weight, wherein the total weight of the diterpene ether and the decyl alcohol is 100 parts by weight.
  • Dimethyl ether is a colorless, odorless and non-toxic compound.
  • Dimethyl ether is a gas at normal temperature and pressure. Its molecular weight is 46, oxygen content is 35, air-fuel ratio is 9, air-fuel mixture is higher than diesel (3067/2911), cetane number is 60 (5-12 units higher than diesel), exhaust emissions Medium CO and HC are 55% and 86% lower than gasoline, respectively. Therefore, the combustion of diterpene ether is more complete than that of gasoline, and the combustion products are more environmentally friendly than gasoline.
  • the diterpene ether has good combustion and mechanical properties and strong explosive power, and these properties are superior to those of mercapto tert-butyl ether.
  • the molecular weight of sterol is 32, the oxygen content is 50%, the air-fuel ratio is 6.4 (gasoline is 14.8), the octane number is 112 (15 - 22 units higher than gasoline), and the air-fuel mixture is slightly lower than gasoline. ( 2656/2786 ), pollutant emissions are better than gasoline.
  • the source of sterols is extensive and can be directly prepared from coal at a lower cost.
  • Both the diterpene ether and the decyl alcohol used in the present invention can be derived from coal-based polygeneration, that is, recycled materials used in the recycling of fertilizer plants, which are widely available and low in cost.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has the advantages of high clean combustion (and thus high clean emissions) of dioxane and the high octane value of decyl alcohol. Therefore, the acid-based fuel can have a high octane number and is sufficiently burned. Low emissions, easy access to raw materials and low cost.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can meet the requirements of the automobile industry for gasoline, thereby replacing the conventional gasoline as a fuel for automobiles.
  • the acid-based fuels of the present invention are also self-cleaning.
  • the inventors of the present invention believe that since sterol has good solubility, it can effectively prevent carbon deposits in spark plugs, combustion chambers, valves, exhaust mufflers, etc., and prevent oil clogging, and Avoid self-cleaning due to failures caused by carbon deposits and blockages.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention can accomplish this self-cleaning work without adding any additives.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can achieve clean combustion, clean emissions, and protect the vehicle.
  • the effect of adjusting the octane number can be achieved by adjusting the content of dimethyl ether and sterol in the acid-based fuel.
  • the octane number of the acid-based fuel of the present invention also decreases.
  • no octane modifier is used.
  • the octane number will be relatively high.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention may be used without any additives, that is, the ether-based fuel of the present invention may consist of only dioxane and decyl alcohol. However, other components or additives may also be added depending on the needs of the particular application to further improve certain properties of the resulting fuel.
  • the compatibility test herein means that the additive to be used can be dissolved in the acid-based fuel of the present invention and can be stably present without changing the properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention. Only those additives which are compatible with the acid-based fuel of the present invention are likely to be used in the acid-based fuel of the present invention. In addition, it is also noted that the addition of additives does not significantly adversely affect the unique properties of the acid-based fuels of the present invention, such as cleanliness and the like.
  • Conventional gasoline additives that may be used in the acid-based fuels of the present invention include, for example, catalysts > combustion enhancers, antioxidants, combustion improvers, detergents, and various antiknock agents, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, water repellents, corrosion inhibitors. , smoke suppressants, etc. These additives may be added to the acid-based fuel of the present invention after passing the compatibility test, provided that the unique properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention are not significantly adversely affected. It is also possible to add a combination of additives to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, provided that the unique properties of the acid-based fuel of the present invention are not significantly adversely affected.
  • additive products such as ethanol gasoline detergents produced by the Petrochemical Research Institute, and fuel-efficient fuels produced by Henan Xinxiang Si Te Fuel-saving Agent Factory.
  • Additives such as antiknock agents, catalysts, oxidizers, antioxidants, combustion improvers, metal passivators, corrosion inhibitors, water repellents, anticorrosive agents, smoke suppressants, etc., which are compatible with this ether-based fuel. .
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can also contain water as a combustion improver.
  • Distilled water or deionized water is preferably used in view of avoiding the introduction of impurities due to the addition of water.
  • the combustion-supporting effect of water can be explained as follows: First, water is decomposed under high temperature and high pressure conditions (for example, under the conditions of a gasoline engine) to generate hydrogen and oxygen and participate in the reaction. Secondly, under the conditions of the engine's combustion chamber, the water will rapidly vaporize and expand, thereby participating in the expansion work and promoting the contact of the fuel with the air.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention contains water, particularly distilled water or deionized water, distilled water or deionized water also functions as an octane improver.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention comprising dioxane and decyl alcohol has a higher octane number. Therefore, the acid-based fuel of the present invention contains In the case of distilled or deionized water, the octane number of the acid-based fuel of the present invention, more specifically, the octane number, can also be adjusted by adjusting the water content.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that in the acid-based fuel of the present invention, in the case where the content of diterpene ether and decyl alcohol is kept constant and is 100 parts by weight, the octyl of the acid-based fuel is added per 1 part by weight of water.
  • the alkyl number will decrease by about 1.0.
  • the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research work, and it has unexpectedly been found that the addition of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol as an antioxidant to the acid-based fuel of the present invention can reduce the present invention.
  • the gum produced by the automatic oxidation of the ether-based fuel delays the oxidation of the fuel and prolongs the shelf life.
  • the content of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol may be 0.005 - 0.5 part by weight, preferably 0.01 - 0.1 part by weight, Based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of dioxane and decyl alcohol.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that if the acid-based fuel of the present invention contains castor oil, the function and effect of the acid-based fuel are further enhanced.
  • castor oil acts as a lubricant, viscosity improver, active agent, and preservative.
  • the castor oil is preferably present in an amount of from 0.5 to 1.5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of dioxane and decyl alcohol.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a self-cleaning action, in order to further enhance the cleaning action of the ether-based fuel of the present invention, further increase the cleaning of the oil passage system and reduce the generation of engine carbon deposit, the acid-based fuel of the present invention may further contain Detergent.
  • the inventors have found that it is preferred to add succinimide to the ether-based fuel of the present invention.
  • Succinimide can remove the sludge and carbon deposits from the carburetor and crankcase system, reduce atmospheric pollution, reduce CO emissions, reduce HC (hydrocarbon) emissions, and reduce oil pumps and sprays.
  • the wear of the nozzle prevents the cremation plug from coking and increases the power of the engine, thereby saving energy and improving fuel economy.
  • the content of the succinimide may be 0.005 - 0.02 parts by weight, preferably the content of the succinimide, based on 100 parts by weight of the total weight of the diterpene ether and the decyl alcohol. It is from 0.008 to 0.012 parts by weight.
  • the inventors have also surprisingly found that when the ether-based fuel of the present invention contains both castor oil, succinimide and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, these three additives provide synergy.
  • the acid-based fuel of the invention is more stable in quality, the combustion of the fuel is more sufficient, the engine is safe to operate and the power is sufficient.
  • the method for preparing the acid-based fuel of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be obtained by a conventional technique in the chemical industry.
  • the preparation of the acid-based fuel of the present invention includes the addition of an additive, and the mixing of a diterpene ether and a decyl alcohol, in the case of containing an additive.
  • you can add The agent is added to the sterol and then mixed with the dimethyl ether.
  • the mixing which can usually be obtained by using a gas absorption tower is a conventional technique in the chemical field.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention is obtained by a method of physical absorption, and only relates to the absorption of dimethyl ether by decyl alcohol.
  • countercurrent absorption is typically selected to accomplish the preparation of the acid based fuels of the present invention.
  • the invention has no limitation on the selection of the absorption tower, and a packed tower or a tray tower can be selected.
  • the present invention also has no limitation on the absorption conditions.
  • the absorption tower and absorption are selected according to the basic chemical principle and the relative content required. condition.
  • absorption of dioxins by sterols can be accomplished by absorption at room temperature.
  • This absorption process can be briefly described as follows: The diterpene ether gas is passed from the bottom of the absorption tower through a metering device (such as a gas distributor); at the same time, the sterol (or sterol premixed with the additive) is taken from the top of the column. When added, the gas-liquid two phases flow in the opposite direction in the absorption tower and are directly and sufficiently contacted, so that the diterpene ether gas is absorbed by the decyl alcohol. Depending on the choice of absorption tower and its efficiency, one-way absorption or cyclic absorption can be used.
  • the decyl ether-containing sterol (and optionally the additive) from the bottom of the column can be re-conveyed back to the top of the column and introduced into the column to re-deliver the gas from the top of the column back to the column.
  • the bottom is introduced into the column, thereby repeating the absorption process of the diterpene ether gas.
  • This repeated absorption can be performed as many times as needed.
  • the diterpene ether can be substantially dissolved in the decyl alcohol by a single pass absorption of the absorption column to provide the desired dioxane content without repeated absorption.
  • the stability of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is much higher than that of ordinary gasoline. This can be demonstrated from the induction period and the substantial colloid content of the acid-based fuel of the present invention.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found that the acid-based fuel of the present invention has the advantages of high octane number, high oxygen content, low vapor pressure, low benzene, low aromatics and no lead.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used in existing vehicles without changing the engine structure.
  • the invention in a second aspect of the invention, relates to a mixed fuel comprising the ether-based fuel of the invention and other fuels, such as gasoline.
  • the inventors have found that the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used alone as a fuel for an engine. Especially the gasoline engine. Therefore, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can completely replace gasoline for automobile fuel.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with conventionally used gasoline, or even sterol gasoline or when the acid-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with gasoline, the mixing ratio of the acid-based fuel of the present invention and gasoline can be arbitrarily selected as needed. Adjustment.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be contained in an amount of from 1 to 99% by weight based on the total mass of the mixed fuel.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be present in an amount of from 10 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the mixed fuel.
  • Other fuels which may be used in the second aspect of the invention may be gasoline, such as regular gasoline, and sterol gasoline or ethanol gasoline, particularly motor gasoline. These gasolines may be numbered 90, 93, 97, 100, or 103 gasoline.
  • ordinary gasoline means gasoline which is not added with dioxane, decyl alcohol or ethanol.
  • Sterols Gasoline and ethanol gasoline refer to gasoline with sterol or ethanol, respectively. Since sterol has been added to the sterol gasoline, the sterol carried in the sterol gasoline changes the diterpene ether and hydrazine of the acid-based fuel of the present invention when the acid-based fuel of the present invention is used in combination with sterol gasoline. Alcohol ratio. Therefore, when the ether-based fuel of the present invention is used in combination with decyl alcohol gasoline, depending on the specific conditions and uses, it is necessary to consider the sterol content in the sterol gasoline to finally determine the acid-based fuel and the sterol gasoline of the present invention.
  • the mixing ratio when the acid-based fuel of the present invention is used in combination with decyl alcohol gasoline, depending on the specific conditions and uses, it is necessary to consider the sterol content in the sterol gasoline to ensure that the introduction of sterol in the sterol gasoline does not result in the present.
  • the content ratio of dimethyl ether and decyl alcohol in the acid-based fuel of the invention deviates from the scope of the present invention.
  • the diterpene ether content in the acid-based fuel of the present invention in a preferred range of, for example, 5 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of decyl alcohol and dioxane, when sterol gasoline is used, The mixing ratio of sterol gasoline should not exceed 50%.
  • sterol gasoline contains 15% by weight of decyl alcohol.
  • the ratio of dimethyl ether used in the present invention should be considered, and the role of dimethyl ether in the acid-based fuel should be ensured to ensure the fuel in the mixed fuel.
  • the mixing ratio of the sterol gasoline should not exceed 50% of the acid-based fuel of the present invention.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be compounded with ordinary gasoline in any ratio.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 10:90 to 90:10. More preferably, the acid-based fuel of the present invention is compounded with ordinary gasoline in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 70:30.
  • the mixing ratio of the acid-based fuel is as high as 90%, that is, 90 parts by weight of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with 10 parts by weight of ordinary gasoline (for example, No. 93 gasoline), the obtained mixed fuel mass is obtained.
  • the quantity is stable and the shelf life is up to 2 years without stratification.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention When the acid-based fuel of the present invention is mixed with normal gasoline in a ratio of 30% or in a ratio of 20% to decyl alcohol or ethanol gasoline, the power and fuel saving effect can be achieved. Under the same operating conditions of the engine, the fuel savings can be as high as 10% or more.
  • the substitution ratio can be increased to 0.7 to 1 (the substitution ratio of ethanol gasoline is 1.6 to 1.7).
  • the substitution ratio refers to the weight fraction of ethanol gasoline or the ether-based fuel of the present invention which is required to replace one ordinary gasoline.
  • the ether-based fuel of the present invention the exhaust gas emission can be greatly reduced, thereby providing an excellent environmental effect.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention since the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a high octane number, usually more than 100, the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to increase the number of ordinary gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to make the No. 90 or No. 93 gasoline reach the standard of No. 93 or No. 97 gasoline, respectively.
  • the use of the acid-based fuel of the present invention can also improve the stability of ordinary gasoline.
  • the stability of commercially available regular gasoline is not good enough.
  • the induction period of ordinary gasoline can be increased and the gum content can be lowered.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention does not contain water when used in combination with gasoline.
  • the mixed fuel can be obtained by mixing the acid-based fuel of the present invention with gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention may be added to gasoline, or gasoline may be added to the acid-based fuel of the present invention, or the acid-based fuel of the present invention and gasoline may be simultaneously added to a separate container and uniformly mixed. To get a blend of fuel. This mixing can be obtained with slow agitation.
  • Sterol purchased from Beijing Chemical Plant, with a content of 99%
  • Dioxin purchased from Hebei Hunchun Dioxin Development Co., Ltd., with a content of 99.5%;
  • 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-phenol purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.;
  • Castor oil purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., with a content of 99%;
  • dioxane was absorbed in methanol by a countercurrent absorption method to obtain a decyl alcohol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 5% by weight, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 1.
  • diterpene ether was absorbed in methanol by a countercurrent absorption method to obtain a decyl alcohol solution having a diterpene ether concentration of 9 wt%, thereby obtaining an acid-based fuel 2 .
  • lOOOOg of the above acid-based fuel 2 and 1000 g of 90 sterol gasoline are mixed in a weight ratio of 50:50 to obtain a mixed fuel.
  • the prepared mixed fuels 1 - 8 were each sealed and stored at ambient temperature overnight, and then visually observed, no delamination was observed.
  • the acid-based fuel obtained above is 1
  • the prepared acid-based fuel 1-3 and the mixed fuel -8 are placed under ambient conditions for 3 months, and then the above-mentioned acid-based fuel 1-3 and the mixed fuel -8 are measured according to GB/T8019.
  • the induction period was measured in accordance with GB/T8018, and the measurement results are shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 Table 1
  • the acid-based fuel 3 also contains about 0.01% of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-nonylphenol, about 0.01% of succinimide, and about 1% of castor oil.
  • Vehicle 2km operation test
  • the fuel tank gasoline of Huajiang Automobile was drained, and the above-mentioned acid-based fuel 1 - 3 and mixed gasoline fuel 1 - 8 were each taken 2 kg and placed in a fuel tank.
  • the ignition is started, and after 10 minutes of test burning, a 2 km experimental operation (the highway is a highway with an average speed of 80 km/h).
  • the above operation results were compared with those of the No. 93 motor gasoline (produced by Sinopec Beijing Co., Ltd.) in accordance with the following comparison items 1-4.
  • the comparison items 1-3 are used The driver of a 10-year driving age has a subjective feeling to judge.
  • the remaining fuel is discharged from the fuel tank and the weight is weighed to calculate the fuel consumption.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention and the mixed fuel containing the ether-based fuel of the present invention can be used in various gasoline engines for automobiles, and the fuel consumption is substantially equivalent to that of commercially available gasoline.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is blended with gasoline at a ratio of 30% or with ethanol gasoline at a ratio of 20%, the power is more sufficient and the fuel consumption is reduced by more than 10%.
  • the results of Tables 1 and 2 also confirmed that the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used alone or in combination with various gasolines.
  • the results in Table 1 also confirm that the acid-based fuels of the present invention have higher octane numbers, most of which exceed 98.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention can be used to increase the octane number of ordinary gasoline or decyl alcohol or ethanol gasoline, and to improve the stability of ordinary gasoline or decyl alcohol or ethanol gasoline.
  • Ether-based combustion 1 63 64 65 75 0 1 0.005 Ether-based combustion ⁇ 2 63 67 72 86 1 1 0.001 Ether-based combustion 3 65 67 78 93 0 1 0.001 Mixed fuel 1 66 86 159 175 1 1 0.001 Mixed combustion ⁇ 2 65 75 152 159 1 1 0.001 Mixed combustion 3 62 74 142 149 0 1 0.001 Mixed combustion [4 57 70 88 122 1 1 0.001 Mixed combustion [5 56 61 90 114 0 1 0.001 Mixed combustion [6 65 70 97 143 1 1 0.001 Mixed combustion [7 49 65 114 149 0.5 1 0.001 Mixed combustion 8 54 69 108 145 0 1 0.001 From the results of Table 3, it can be seen that the acid-based fuel of the present invention and the mixed fuel containing the acid-based fuel of the present invention are various indicators. Both achieved good results. Exhaust emission detection
  • the acid-based fuel of the invention has the advantages of high octane number, increased power, low energy consumption, high cleanliness, good versatility, long shelf life, wide source and the like. Due to the high octane number, the acid-based fuel of the present invention is more suitable for a high compression ratio engine, thereby increasing the power.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention has a high octane number, and can be added to the composition to increase the calorific value component, and in the case of adaptive adjustment of the vehicle (reducing the intake air and adjusting the ignition advance angle), The consumption rate is reduced by 5%.
  • the acid-based fuel of the present invention is a high oxygen-containing fuel, and the combustion pollutants CO, C0 2 + HC can be reduced by 50% - 80%, and the carcinogen benzene and sulfur emission coefficient is 0 due to complete combustion. At the same time, it can effectively remove the carbon supply from the vehicle and the combustion system, and prolong the service life of the engine.
  • the acid-based fuel of the invention has good versatility and can be directly used without changing the structure and parameters of the engine; and the inventors have found that under the condition of adjusting the small damper and adjusting the ignition advance angle, the engine power can be further improved and stabilized. run. Blended with gasoline in any ratio.
  • the induction period of the acid-based fuel of the present invention is more than double that of the national standard gasoline. Long-term stable storage, which can extend the time required for storage, transportation, sales and use.

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Description

醚基燃料 技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型清洁燃料, 具体而言, 一种清洁的酸基燃料。 该醚 基燃料包含二曱醚和曱醇。 更具体地, 该酸基燃料可以仅仅由二曱醚和曱醇 组成。 本发明还涉及包含本发明的酸基燃料和汽油的混合燃料。 背景技术
众所周知,石油作为一种不可再生的资源, 在一个国家的社会生活以及 国防建设中起着不可或缺的作用。 随着我国人民生活水平的不断提高, 汽车 逐渐进入了寻常百姓的家庭。 例如, 北京现在就已经进入了 400万辆汽车的 时代。 因此, 随着汽车保有量的增加, 对汽油的需要也在日益增加。 我国的 原油产量已经远远不能满足国内经济蓬勃发展的需要。 现今, 我国已经从原 油出口国成为了原油净进口国, 我国的大部分原油都依赖进口。 这种情况的 加剧将严重制约我国经济的进一步发展, 甚至会影响到我国的国防安全。 因 此, 需要找到一种无需使用石油原料, 因而也就无需从国外进口石油的车用 燃料。
此外, 随着汽车的普及, 大量尾气排放到大气环境中, 使得汽车在带给 人们生活便利的同时, 也带给人们各种疾病, 特别是呼吸道疾病。 近年来, 汽车尾气排放成为人们的关注焦点。 为了减少汽车尾气排放所带来的各种问 题, 世界各国对汽车尾气提出了严格的要求, 包括美国存在相关要求, 欧洲 有欧 IV标准, 日本实行了据说最严格的标准, 我国也在实行等效于欧 III或 欧 IV的标准。 并且, 各个国家对于尾气排放的要求将会愈加严格。 例如, 美国已经同意各个州单独制定比美国国家标准更严格的尾气排放标准。 北京 在举办奥运会的前夕, 提前实行了国 IV标准, 并将尽快实行国 V标准。 因 此, 需要一种能够替代目前所使用的车用汽油的清洁燃料, 该燃料在满足车 用汽油的功能的同时, 尾气排放更加清洁环保。
苯是公认的致癌物, 它在汽油中由于蒸发和燃烧、 尾气排放进入大气, 给人类的健康带来直接影响。 因此, 欧盟、 英国、 澳大利亚和俄罗斯汽油标 准中均对该指标加以限制, 一般规定为不大于 5% ( v/v )。 才艮据北京市地方 标准, 要求苯的含量不大于 1.0体积%。 但是作为环保要求, 各国政府及有 关机构还可能提出更严格的限制。
芳烃是一种具有较高辛烷值和高热值的汽油调和剂。但是它燃烧后会导 致致癌物苯的形成, 并易增加燃烧室的积炭而增大 co2的排放。 一般认为汽 油中苯和其它芳烃的含量越大, 则燃烧产物中的苯含量越大。 因此, 降低汽 油中芳烃含量必将因减少尾气中苯的排放而有利于环境。
我国是一个产煤大国, 煤炭储量十分丰富。将丰富的煤炭资源转化为燃 料油一直是一个研究方向。 将煤炭转化为曱醇, 二曱醚也是目前煤炭利用的 重要方向。 陕西新型燃料燃具公司等单位已经研究出了酸基汽油添加剂, 该 添加剂包含 5 - 37 %的二曱醚, 10 - 60 %的低碳醇类化合物, 10 - 50 %的 C5-10烃类化合物, 0.1 - 5 %的烷基酚对聚氧乙烯醚以及 0.05 - 0.5 %的烷基 苯酚。 将该添加剂与汽油混合, 可以生产酸基复合汽油。 中国发明专利申请 CN98112948.X也披露了一种酸基汽油添加剂, 其由如下组分组成: 15.5%二 曱醚, 42%曱醇, 39%苯, 3.3%烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和 0.2%2,6-二叔丁基对曱 酚。 受此影响, 我国二曱醚的年产量目前可以已达数百万吨。 然而, 上述两 种酸基汽油添加剂由于生产成本高, 且均含有大量的苯, 使得添加有这两种 酸基汽油添加剂的汽油将根本无法满足现行汽油标准中对苯含量的要求。 而 且, 认为向汽油中加入苯也必然会导致汽油燃烧产物中苯含量急剧升高, 从 而对环境和人体造成破坏。 现在, 众多二曱醚生产厂家由于产品销路问题而 处于限产或停产, 等待观望的困难境地。
因此, 如果能够使用二曱醚生产清洁燃料, 不但不用担心原料来源, 而 且会解决这些厂家目前的问题。
虽然曱醇汽油的标准现已颁布实施,但由于曱醇的物质特性仍存在一些 问题: 一是曱醇相对于汽油成分的挥发性差、 造成使用曱醇汽油的发动机冷 启动困难、 燃烧不充分; 二是曱醇与汽油的互溶性差, 保质期短, 容易变质 分层; 三是替代比低(即需要使用大约 1.6— 1.7份曱醇替代 1份的汽油); 四是如果不改变发动机结构, 曱醇汽油在现有发动机中燃烧不充分, 动力性 不足。 发明内容
在本发明的第一方面,本发明涉及一种酸基燃料,其包含二曱醚和曱醇。 在该第一方面的优选实施方式中, 该酸基燃料中二曱醚的含量为 4-12 重量份, 曱醇的含量为 88-96重量份, 其中二曱醚和曱醇的总重量为 100重 量份。
在该第一方面的优选实施方式中, 该酸基燃料中二曱醚的含量为 5-9重 量份, 曱醇的含量为 91-95重量份, 其中二曱醚和曱醇的总重量为 100重量 份。
在该第一方面的一种实施方式中,本发明的酸基燃料由二曱醚和曱醇组 成。
在该第一方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的酸基燃料是汽车燃料。
在该第一方面的一种实施方式中, 本发明的酸基燃料是汽油发动机燃 料。
在本发明的第二方面, 本发明涉及一种混合燃料, 该混合燃料包含本发 明第一方面的酸基燃料以及汽油。
在本发明的第二方面的优选实施方式中, 所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混 合燃料总重量的 1 - 99重量%。 进一步地, 所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合 燃料总重量的 10 - 90重量%。
在本发明第二方面的优选实施方式中,所述汽油为 90号、 93号、 97号、 100号、 103号汽油 (其中 100号、 103号汽油在我国还未商业生产)。
在本发明第二方面的优选实施方式中, 所述汽油为曱醇汽油或乙醇汽 油。
在该第二方面的一种实施方式中,本发明的混合燃料由本发明的酸基燃 料和汽油组成。
因此, 本发明包括以下实施方式:
方式 1. 一种酸基燃料, 包含二曱醚和曱醇。
方式 2. 方式 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 4-12重量份, 曱醇的 含量为 88-96重量份, 其中二曱醚和曱醇的总重量为 100重量份。
方式 3. 方式 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 5-9重量份, 曱醇的 含量为 91-95重量份, 其中二曱醚和曱醇的总重量为 100重量份。
方式 4. 方式 1 - 3任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料由二曱醚和曱 醇组成。
方式 5. 方式 1 - 4任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料是汽车燃料。 方式 6. 方式 1 - 5任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料是汽油发动机 燃料。
方式 7. —种混合燃料, 包含方式 1 - 6任一项的酸基燃料和汽油。
方式 8. 方式 7的混合燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合燃料 的 1 - 99重量%。
方式 9. 方式 7或 8的混合燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合 燃料的 10 - 90重量%。
方式 10. 方式 7 - 9任一项的混合燃料, 其中所述汽油为 90号、 93号、 97号、 100号、 103号汽油。
方式 11. 方式 7 - 10任一项的混合燃料, 其中所述汽油为曱醇汽油或乙 醇汽油。
方式 12. 方式 7 - 11任一项的混合燃料, 其由方式 1 _ 6任一项的酸基 燃料和汽油组成。 具体实施方式
本发明的发明人经过大量的试验以及筛选, 意料不到地发现可以使用包 含二曱醚和曱醇的新型燃料来解决或部分克服本领域的上述问题。
本发明的第一方面
本发明的第一方面涉及一种新型酸基燃料, 该新型酸基燃料是基于二曱 醚的燃料。 具体而言, 该新型酸基燃料包含二曱醚和曱醇。
本发明的新型酸基燃料不使用石油资源, 并且可以完全代替来源于石油 的汽油作为燃料用于汽车工业。 迄今为止, 从现有技术中无法预料到包含二 曱醚和曱醇作为主要组分的组合物可以作为燃料使用,特别是可以作为车用 燃料使用来代替汽油。从现有技术中根本无法预料到由二曱醚和曱醇组成的 的燃料。
汽油通常是 C4-C10烷烃的混合物, 并含有苯和曱苯等物质。
本发明的酸基燃料不含汽油主要组分, 即本发明的酸基燃料不含有 C4 以上烃, 例如 C4-C10烷烃、 苯等等。 在本文中, "不含有 C4以上烃" 是指 不有意添加 C4以上烃。
本发明的酸基燃料主要包含二曱醚和曱醇。 一般而言, 在本发明的酸基 燃料中, 二曱醚的含量可以为 4 - 12重量份, 而曱醇的含量可以为 88 - 96 重量份, 其中二曱醚和曱醇的总重量为 100重量份。 优选地, 在该酸基燃料 中, 二曱醚的含量为 5-9重量份, 曱醇的含量为 91-95重量份, 其中二曱醚 和曱醇的总重量为 100重量份。
下面对这两种组分进行详细描述。
二曱醚是一种无色、 无味且无毒的化合物。 二曱醚在常温和常压下为气 体。 其分子量为 46, 含氧量为 35 , 空燃比为 9 , 空燃混合气热值高于柴油 ( 3067/2911 ), 十六烷值为 60 (比柴油高 5 - 12个单位), 尾气排放中 CO 和 HC比汽油分别低 55 %和 86 %。 因此, 二曱醚的燃烧比汽油更完全, 燃 烧产物比汽油更环保。 二曱醚的燃烧性能和机械性能好, 爆发力强, 这些性 能都优于曱基叔丁基醚。
曱醇的分子量为 32, 含氧量为 50 % , 空燃比为 6.4 (汽油为 14.8 ), 辛 烷值为 112 (比汽油高 15 - 22 个单位), 空燃混合气热值稍低于汽油 ( 2656/2786 ), 污染排放物优于汽油。 曱醇的来源广泛, 更可以由煤炭直接 制备, 成本较低。
本发明所使用的二曱醚和曱醇都可以来自煤基多联产即化肥厂废弃循 环利用之再生材料, 来源广泛, 并且成本低廉。
本发明的酸基燃料同时具有二曱醚的高洁净燃烧(因而高洁净排放)的 优点以及曱醇的高辛烷值的优点, 因此, 该酸基燃料能够具有辛烷值高, 燃 烧充分, 排放污染低, 原料易得和成本低廉的优势。 本发明的酸基燃料能够 满足汽车产业对汽油的各项要求, 从而代替常用汽油作为汽车的燃料使用。
更特别的是, 本发明的酸基燃料还具有自清洁的特点。 不希望受限于具 体理论, 本发明的发明人认为由于曱醇具有良好的溶解性能, 能有效避免在 火花塞、 燃烧室、 气门、 排气管消声器等部位形成积炭, 防止油路堵塞, 并 避免因积炭和堵塞而引起的故障, 故而产生了自清洁作用。 令人惊讶地是, 本发明的醚基燃料可以在不添加任何添加剂的情况下, 完成这种自清洁功
•6匕
匕。
因此, 本发明的酸基燃料可以实现清洁燃烧、 清洁排放以及保护车辆的 作用。
可以通过调节酸基燃料中二曱醚和曱醇的含量, 来达到调节辛烷值的作 用。 一般而言, 随着曱醇的含量降低, 本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值也会随之 降低。 但是, 由于曱醇本身的辛烷值非常高, 因此, 在不使用辛烷值改性剂 的情况下, 本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值都会比较高。
本发明的醚基燃料可以不使用任何添加剂, 也就是说, 本发明的醚基燃 料可以仅仅由二曱醚和曱醇组成。 然而, 根据具体应用的需要, 也可以加入 其它组分或者添加剂, 以便进一步改善所得燃料的某些性能。
由于本发明的新型酸基燃料不同于常规燃料 (例如汽油和柴油 ), 因此, 常规的汽油添加剂并不一定能够用于本发明的酸基燃料。在将常规的添加剂 用于本发明的酸基燃料之前, 必须首先进行相容性试验。 这里的相容性试验 是指待使用的添加剂可以溶于本发明的酸基燃料中, 并能够保持稳定存在, 而且不改变本发明酸基燃料的性状。 只有那些与本发明的酸基燃料可以相容 的添加剂才有可能用于本发明的酸基燃料中。 此外, 还需要注意添加剂的加 入也不能够显著不利地影响本发明酸基燃料的独特性能, 例如洁净性等。
可能用于本发明酸基燃料的常规汽油添加剂包括, 例如, 催化剂 > 增燃 剂、 抗氧化剂、 助燃剂、 清净剂与诸多抗爆剂、 金属钝化剂、 緩蚀剂、 防水 剂、 防腐蚀剂、 消烟剂等。 经过相容性试验检验合格后, 可以将这些添加剂 加入到本发明的酸基燃料中,条件是不显著不利地影响本发明的酸基燃料的 独特性能即可。 也可以在本发明的酸基燃料中加入添加剂的组合, 条件是不 显著不利地影响本发明的酸基燃料的独特性能即可。
发明人通过大量试验发现, 某些市售添加剂产品是可以用于本发明的醚 基燃料的, 例如石化研究院生产的乙醇汽油清净剂, 河南新乡四特节油剂厂 生产的燃油节油清净剂等诸多能够与此醚基燃料可以相容的抗爆剂、 催化 剂、 增燃剂、 抗氧化剂、 助燃剂、 金属钝化剂、 緩蚀剂、 防水剂、 防腐蚀剂、 消烟剂等添加剂产品。
除了常规添加剂以外, 本发明的发明人发现本发明的酸基燃料还可以包 含水作为助燃剂。 考虑到避免由于水的加入而带入杂质, 优选使用蒸馏水或 者去离子水。不希望受限于具体理论,水的助燃作用可以作如下解释: 首先, 水在高温高压条件下 (例如, 汽油发动机的条件下), 会发生分解, 产生氢 气和氧气, 并参与反应。 其次, 水在发动机燃烧室的条件下, 会迅速气化并 膨胀, 从而参与膨胀做功, 并促进燃料与空气的接触。
此外, 在本发明的酸基燃料中含有水, 特别是蒸馏水或者去离子水的时 候, 蒸馏水或去离子水还起到了辛烷值改进剂的作用。 如前所述, 包含二曱 醚和曱醇的本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值较高。 因此, 在本发明的酸基燃料含 有蒸馏水或去离子水的时候, 还可以通过调整水的含量, 来调节本发明酸基 燃料的辛烷值, 更具体地是降低辛烷值。 本发明的发明人发现, 在本发明的 酸基燃料中, 在二曱醚和曱醇的含量保持不变且为 100重量份的情况下, 每 加入 1重量份的水, 酸基燃料的辛烷值将会降低约 1.0。
更特别地是, 本发明的发明人经过大量的研究工作, 预料不到地发现在 本发明的酸基燃料中加入 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚作为抗氧化剂, 能够减少本发 明的醚基燃料自动氧化而产生的胶质, 延緩燃料氧化, 延长保质时间。 在本 发明的酸基燃料含有 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的时候, 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的含 量可以为 0.005 - 0.5重量份, 优选 0.01 - 0.1重量份, 基于 100重量份的二 曱醚和曱醇总量。
本发明的发明人发现, 如果本发明的酸基燃料中含有蓖麻油, 则会进一 步提高该酸基燃料的功能和效果。 在酸基燃料中, 蓖麻油会起到润滑剂、 粘 度改进剂、活性剂和防腐剂的作用。在本发明的酸基燃料含有蓖麻油的时候, 可以减少发动机机件的腐蚀和磨损。 蓖麻油的优选含量为 0.5 - 1.5重量份, 基于 100重量份的二曱醚和曱醇总量。
虽然本发明的酸基燃料具有自清洁作用,但是为进一步增强本发明的醚 基燃料的清洁作用, 进一步增加油路系统的清洁以及减少发动机积碳的产 生, 本发明的酸基燃料还可以含有清净剂。 发明人发现, 优选在本发明的醚 基燃料中加入丁二酰亚胺。 丁二酰亚胺可以起到除去汽化器和曲轴箱系统的 油泥和积碳的效果, 减少对大气环境的污染, 减少 CO的排放, 减少 HC (碳 氢化合物)的排放, 还能够减少油泵和喷油嘴的磨损, 防止火化塞结焦, 并 提高发动机的功率, 从而节约能源, 并提高燃油经济性。 在本发明的酸基燃 料中, 以二曱醚和曱醇的总重量为 100重量份计, 丁二酰亚胺的含量可以为 0.005 - 0.02重量份, 优选地, 丁二酰亚胺的含量为 0.008 - 0.012重量份。
发明人还令人惊讶地发现, 在本发明的醚基燃料中同时含有蓖麻油、 丁 二酰亚胺和 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚的时候, 这三种添加剂能够提供协同作用, 使得本发明的酸基燃料质量更加稳定, 燃料的燃烧更加充分、 发动机运行安 全并且动力充足。
对于制备本发明的酸基燃料的方法没有特别限制, 可以通过化工领域常 规技术获得本发明的酸基燃料。本发明酸基燃料的制备包括在包含添加剂的 情况下, 添加剂的加入, 以及二曱醚和曱醇的混合。 一般而言, 可以将添加 剂加入到曱醇中, 然后再与二曱醚混合。 然而, 也可以先进行二曱醚和曱醇 的混合, 然后再加入添加剂。 对于后加入添加剂而言, 如果需要搅拌, 则应 该緩慢搅拌。 对于二曱醚和曱醇的混合而言, 通常可以釆用气体吸收塔来获 的混合是化工领域的常规技术。本发明醚基燃料的获得是釆用物理吸收的方 法获得的, 仅仅涉及曱醇对二曱醚的吸收。 一般而言, 通常选择逆流吸收, 来完成本发明酸基燃料的制备。 本发明对于吸收塔的选择并没有任何限制, 可以选择填料塔, 板式塔。 本发明对于吸收条件同样没有任何限制, 化学工 程技术人员在面对曱醇对二曱醚气体的吸收这一具体目的时,会根据基本化 工原理, 以及所需的相对含量来选择吸收塔和吸收条件。 通常而言, 常温吸 收即可完成曱醇对二曱醚的吸收。
这种吸收过程可以简述如下: 使得二曱醚气体经过定量计量设备(如气 体分布器)从吸收塔底部进入; 与此同时, 使得曱醇 (或者预先混合有添加 剂的曱醇)从塔顶加入, 气液两相在吸收塔内逆向流动, 并直接并充分接触, 使得二曱醚气体被曱醇所吸收。 根据吸收塔的选择及其效率的不同, 可以釆 用单程吸收或者循环吸收。 对于循环吸收而言, 可以将自塔底出来的含有二 曱醚的曱醇(并任选含有添加剂)重新输送回到塔顶并引入到塔内, 将塔顶 出来的气体重新输送回到塔底并引入到塔内, 由此重复二曱醚气体的吸收过 程。 这种重复吸收根据需要可以进行多次。 然而, 本领域技术人员也可以知 道, 通过吸收塔的单程吸收就可以基本上将二曱醚溶于曱醇中, 获得所需的 二曱醚含量而无需重复吸收。
本发明的酸基燃料的稳定性远远高于普通汽油。这可以从本发明的酸基 燃料的诱导期和实质胶质含量得以证明。
本发明的发明人发现, 本发明的酸基燃料具有高辛烷值、 高氧含量、 低 蒸汽压、 低^^ 低苯、 低芳烃和无铅的优点。 本发明的酸基燃料可以用于现 有的车辆, 而无需改变发动机结构。 本发明的第二方面
在本发明的第二方面, 本发明涉及一种混合燃料, 包含本发明的醚基燃 料和其它燃料, 例如汽油。
发明人发现, 本发明的酸基燃料可以单独作为燃料使用, 用于发动机, 特别是汽油发动机。 因此, 本发明的酸基燃料可以完全代替汽油用于汽车燃 料。 然而, 也可以将本发明的酸基燃料与常规使用的汽油, 乃至曱醇汽油或 将本发明的酸基燃料与汽油混配时, 本发明的酸基燃料与汽油的混合比例可 以根据需要任意调节。
一般而言, 在本发明第二方面的混合燃料中, 本发明的酸基燃料的含量 可以为 1 - 99重量%, 基于混合燃料的总重量。 优选地, 本发明的酸基燃料 的含量可以为 10 - 90重量%, 基于混合燃料的总重量。
可以用于本发明第二方面的其它燃料可以为汽油, 例如普通汽油, 以及 曱醇汽油或乙醇汽油, 特别是车用汽油。 这些汽油的标号可以为 90号、 93 号、 97号、 100号、 或 103号汽油。
在本申请中, 普通汽油是指没有加入二曱醚、 曱醇或乙醇的汽油。 曱醇 汽油和乙醇汽油分别是指加入了曱醇或乙醇的汽油。 由于曱醇汽油内已经加 入了曱醇, 在将本发明的酸基燃料与曱醇汽油混配使用时, 曱醇汽油中带有 的曱醇会改变本发明酸基燃料的二曱醚和曱醇比例。 因此, 在将本发明的醚 基燃料与曱醇汽油混配使用时, 根据具体条件和用途, 需要考虑曱醇汽油中 的曱醇含量, 来最终确定本发明的酸基燃料与曱醇汽油的混合比例。 或者, 在将本发明的酸基燃料与曱醇汽油混配使用时, 根据具体条件和用途, 需要 考虑曱醇汽油中的曱醇含量, 以便确保曱醇汽油中曱醇的引入不会导致本发 明的酸基燃料中二曱醚和曱醇的含量比偏离本发明的范围。 一般而言, 为了 使得本发明酸基燃料中二曱醚含量处于例如 5— 10重量份(以 100重量份曱 醇和二曱醚的总量计算)的优选范围内, 在使用曱醇汽油时, 曱醇汽油的混 合比例不宜超过 50 % 。
例如, 曱醇汽油含有 15重量%的曱醇, 混合使用时应考虑本发明所使 用二曱醚的比例, 以及二曱醚在此酸基燃料中的作用, 保证混合后的混合燃 料中的燃料性能, 则曱醇汽油的混合比例不宜超过本发明酸基燃料的 50%。
一般而言, 本发明的酸基燃料可以与普通汽油以任意比例混配。 优选, 本发明的酸基燃料与普通汽油以 10: 90至 90: 10的重量比例混配。更优选, 本发明的酸基燃料与普通汽油以 30: 70至 70: 30的重量比例混配。
在酸基燃料的混合比例高达 90 %的时候, 即 90重量份本发明的酸基燃 料与 10重量份的普通汽油 (例如 93号汽油)混合时, 所得到的混合燃料质 量稳定, 保质期长达 2年不分层。
在本发明的酸基燃料以 30%的比例与普通汽油,或者以 20%的比例与曱 醇汽油或乙醇汽油混合使用时, 还可以达到提高动力以及节省燃料的效果。 在同样工况的发动机使用条件下, 燃料的节省比例可以高达 10%以上。 使用 本发明的酸基燃料与汽油混配, 替代比可以提高到 0.7至 1 (乙醇汽油的替 代比为 1.6-1.7 )。 在这里, 替代比是指代替一份普通汽油需要的乙醇汽油或 者本发明的醚基燃料的重量份。 并且, 使用本发明的醚基燃料, 可以使得尾 气排放量大大降低, 从而提供优异的环保效果。 如上所述, 由于本发明的酸基燃料的辛烷值较高, 通常在 100以上, 因 此, 可以使用本发明的酸基燃料来提高普通汽油的标号。 例如, 可以使用本 发明的酸基燃料来使得 90号汽油或 93号汽油分别达到 93号或 97号汽油的 标准。
此外,使用本发明的酸基燃料还可以改善普通汽油的稳定性。一般而言, 市售普通汽油的稳定性不够良好。 将本发明的醚基燃料与市售普通汽油配 混, 可以提高普通汽油的诱导期并降低胶质含量。
一般而言, 在本发明第二方面的混合燃料中, 如果本发明的酸基燃料中 加入了水, 水的存在有可能导致汽油乳化, 甚至是分层。 这样将可能限制本 发明的混合燃料的使用范围, 例如无法用于电喷发动机, 而可以用于化油器 发动机。 因此, 优选在与汽油混合使用时, 本发明的酸基燃料中不含有水。
对于获得混合燃料的方法没有具体限制。 可以通过将本发明的酸基燃料 与汽油混合, 来获得混合燃料。 例如, 可以将本发明的酸基燃料加入到汽油 中, 或者将汽油加入到本发明的酸基燃料中, 或者将本发明的酸基燃料和汽 油同时加入到单独的容器中, 并混合均匀, 来获得混合燃料。 这种混合可以 在釆用緩慢搅拌的情况下获得。 下面将釆用具体实施例来进一步描述本发明。 然而, 本发明并不受这些 具体实施例的限制。
实施例
在以下实施例中釆用原料来源简介如下:
曱醇: 购自北京化工厂, 含量为 99%; 二曱醚: 购自河北冀春二曱醚发展有限公司, 含量为 99.5%;
2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚: 购自国药集团化工试剂有限公司;
蓖麻油: 购自国药集团化工试剂有限公司, 含量为 99%;
丁二酰亚胺: 购自国药集团化工试剂有限公司, 含量 98.8-100.5%。 酸基燃料实施例 1
在常规吸收塔内, 按照逆流吸收法, 将二曱醚吸收于曱醇中, 得到二曱 醚浓度为 5重量%的曱醇溶液, 从而获得酸基燃料 1。
酸基燃料实施例 2
与酸基燃料实施例 1相同, 在上述吸收塔内, 按照逆流吸收法, 将二曱 醚吸收于曱醇中, 得到二曱醚浓度为 9重量%的曱醇溶液, 从而获得酸基燃 料 2。
酸基燃料实施例 3
将 lg 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、 lg 丁二酰亚胺和 100g蓖麻油加入到 10kg 如上所述制得的酸基燃料 1中, 轻微搅拌, 获得酸基燃料 3。 混合燃料实施例 1
在透明容器中, 将 200g上述酸基燃料 1与 1800 g 90号车用汽油(中石 化北京公司生产)按照 10: 90的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 1。
混合燃料实施例 2
在透明容器中, 将 600g上述酸基燃料 2与 1400 g 90号车用汽油(中石 化北京公司生产)按照 30: 70的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 2。
混合燃料实施例 3
在透明容器中, 将 lOOOg上述酸基燃料 1与 1000 g 90号车用汽油 (中 石化北京公司生产)按照 50: 50的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 3。
混合燃料实施例 4
在透明容器中, 将 1400g上述酸基燃料 1与 600 g 90号车用汽油(中石 化北京公司生产)按照 70: 30的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 4。
混合燃料实施例 5
在透明容器中, 将 1800g上述酸基燃料 1与 200 g 90号车用汽油(中石 化北京公司生产)按照 90: 10的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 5。 混合燃料实施例 6
在透明容器中, 将 lOOOg上述酸基燃料 1与 1000 g 90号乙醇汽油 (市 售乙醇汽油, 乙醇含量 10% )按照 50: 50的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 6。
混合燃料实施例 7
在透明容器中, 将 lOOOg上述酸基燃料 2与 1000 g 90号曱醇汽油 (市 售曱醇汽油, 曱醇含量 15% )按照 50: 50的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料
7。
混合燃料实施例 8
在透明容器中, 将 1000g上述酸基燃料 3与 1000 g 90号车用汽油 (中 石化北京公司生产)按照 50: 50的重量比例混合, 得到混合燃料 8。 储存性试验
1. 将配制好的上述混合燃料 1 - 8各自密闭保存,在环境温度静置过夜, 然后视觉观察, 没有发现分层现象。
2. 将配制好的上述混合燃料 1 _ 8各取 1000g, 然后密闭保存, 在环境 温度保存 3个月后视觉观察, 没有发现分层现象。 辛烷值测量
按照 GB/T 5487 汽油辛烷值测定法 (研究法), 将上面获得的酸基燃料 1
- 3和混合汽油燃料 1 - 8进行辛烷值测量, 测量结果示于表 1中。 稳定性试验
将配制好的上述酸基燃料 1 - 3和混合燃料 1 - 8在环境条件下放置 3个 月, 然后将上述酸基燃料 1 - 3和混合燃料 1 - 8按照 GB/T8019测量胶质含 量, 并按照 GB/T8018测量诱导期, 测量结果示于表 1中。 表 1
实施例编号 组分( wt% ) 辛烷值(RON ) 胶 质 含 量 诱导期
二曱醚 曱醇 ( mg/100mL ) (分钟) 醚基燃料 1 5 95 > 100 1 1500 醚基燃料 2 9 91 > 100 1 1700 醚基燃料 3a 5 95 > 100 1 1500
表 1 (续)
Figure imgf000014_0001
a: 酸基燃料 3中还含有约 0.01 %的 2,6-二叔丁基对曱酚、约 0.01 %的丁 二酰亚胺和约 1 %的蓖麻油。 车辆 2公里运行试验
将 、花江汽车(东安 462发动机)的油箱汽油排干, 将上述酸基燃料 1 - 3 和混合汽油燃料 1 - 8各自取 2公斤并放入油箱中。 点火启动, 试燃 10分钟 后, 进行 2公里试验性运行(路况为高速公路, 平均时速为 80公里 /小时)。 将上述运行结果与釆用 93号车用汽油 (中石化北京公司生产)运行该汽车 时的状况, 按照下面的比较项目 1 - 4进行比较。 该比较项目 1-3是釆用有 10年驾龄的驾驶人主观感觉来进行判断。项目 4釆用将剩余的燃料从油箱中 全部排出, 并称量重量, 从而计算油耗。
比较项目:
1. 发动机燃烧情况
2. 车辆运行状况
3. 排气管是否排放可见杂质 (例如, 黑烟等)(此时需要加长排气管, 使得驾驶员可以看见从排气管排放的尾气;)。
4. 油耗与汽油相比结果如何
将上述比较结果列于表 2中。 在表 2的 "发动机燃烧情况" 一列中, " 0) " 表示发动机燃烧情况与 93 号车用汽油相当或者更优; " X " 表示发动机燃烧情况劣于 93号车用汽油。
在表 2的 "车辆运行状况" 一列中, 表示车辆运行状况与 93号车 用汽油相当或者更优; " X " 表示车辆运行状况劣于 93号车用汽油。
在表 2的 "排气管是否排放可见杂质" 一列中, 表示不排放可见 杂质; " X " 表示排放可见杂质。
在表 2的 "油耗与汽油相比结果如何" 一列中, 表示油耗与 93号 车用汽油相当或者更优; " X " 表示油耗劣于 93号车用汽油。 车辆长距离运行试验
重复上面的酸基燃料 1 - 3和混合燃料 1 - 8的配制试验, 不同在于各组 分的用量都增加到原用量的 10倍, 以便用于相同的松花江汽车进行 600公 里长距离试验, 以及用于奥迪 A6 (发动机型号: 奥迪 A6 2.4排量轿车发动 机为 V型 6缸 /6气门电控多点燃油喷射发动机)进行 800公里长距离运行试 验。 并按照上面的方法, 评价车辆运行情况。 长距离运行试验釆用高速路路 段, 平均时速为 100公里 /小时。 评价结果示于表 2中。
发明人发现在釆用本发明的醚基燃料和混合燃料进行上述运行试验时, 对于短距离、长距离以及不同汽车类型都获得了一致的相同良好结果,因此, 下表 2中的结果代表了上面的运行试验的所有结果。 表 2
Figure imgf000016_0001
从表 1和表 2的结果可以看出, 本发明的酸基燃料以及含有本发明的醚 基燃料的混合燃料可以用于各种车用汽油发动机,耗油量与市售汽油基本相 当。本发明酸基燃料以 30%的比例与汽油, 或者以 20%的比例与乙醇汽油掺 配使用, 则动力更足, 油耗降低 10%以上。 表 1和表 2的结果还证实了, 本 发明的酸基燃料可以单独使用, 也可以与各种汽油混合使用。 表 1的结果同 样证实了, 本发明的酸基燃料辛烷值较高, 大部分都超过了 98。 并且, 本发 明的酸基燃料可以用来提高普通汽油或者曱醇或乙醇汽油的辛烷值, 并改善 普通汽油或者曱醇或乙醇汽油的稳定性。
Figure imgf000016_0002
对上述酸基燃料 1-3和混合燃料 1-8进行摺程、铜片腐蚀和铅含量检测。 其中馏程检测按照 GB/T6536进行, 铜片腐蚀检测按照 GB/T5096进行, 铅 含量检测 GB/T8020进行。 检测结果示于下表 3中。
表 3
Figure imgf000016_0003
醚基燃 卜 1 63 64 65 75 0 1 0.005 醚基燃 {2 63 67 72 86 1 1 0.001 醚基燃 3 65 67 78 93 0 1 0.001 混合燃 卜 1 66 86 159 175 1 1 0.001 混合燃 {2 65 75 152 159 1 1 0.001 混合燃 3 62 74 142 149 0 1 0.001 混合燃 [4 57 70 88 122 1 1 0.001 混合燃 [5 56 61 90 114 0 1 0.001 混合燃 [6 65 70 97 143 1 1 0.001 混合燃 [7 49 65 114 149 0.5 1 0.001 混合燃 8 54 69 108 145 0 1 0.001 从表 3的结果可以看出, 本发明的酸基燃料以及含有本发明的酸基燃料 的混合燃料各项指标均获得良好的结果。 尾气排放检测
根据 GB18285-2005 ,使用奇瑞 SQR7080汽车 (发动机型号为 SQR372FD) 对上述酸基燃料 1 - 3和混合燃料 1 - 8进行尾气排放测量。 测量结果示于下 表 4中。
Figure imgf000017_0001
*以上结果为三次测量值的算术平均值。
Figure imgf000018_0001
*以上结果为三次测量值的算术平均值。
Figure imgf000018_0002
从表 4可以看出, 使用本发明的醚基燃料和混合燃料, 尾气排放污染物 明显低于我国的国家标准。 本发明的酸基燃料具有辛烷值高, 增加动力性, 能耗低, 洁净性高, 通 用性好, 保质期长, 来源广泛等等优点。 由于辛烷值高, 本发明的酸基燃料 更加适用于高压缩比发动机, 从而增加动力性。 一般而言, 本发明的酸基燃 料由于辛烷值高, 而且可以在配制中加入提高热值组分, 在对车辆做适应性 调整(减少进气, 调整点火提前角) 的情况下, 能耗率降低 5%, 与汽油混 溶掺烧, 能耗率降低 10%以上。 本发明的酸基燃料为高含氧燃料, 由于燃烧 完全, 可使汽车污染排放物 CO、 C02+HC降低 50% - 80%, 致癌物苯及硫 排放系数为 0。 同时可有效清除车辆供油、 燃烧系统积碳, 延长发动机的使 用寿命。 本发明酸基燃料的通用性好, 在不改变发动机结构及参数情况下, 可直接使用; 并且发明人发现在调小风门, 调整点火提前角的情况下, 能进 一步提高发动机的动力, 并稳定运行。 与汽油进行任何比例掺烧。 本发明的 酸基燃料的诱导期是国标汽油的一倍以上。 可长期稳定保存, 能够使储存、 运输、 销售和使用环节所需时间延长。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种酸基燃料, 包含二曱醚和曱醇。
2. 权利要求 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 4-12重量份, 曱醇的 含量为 88-96重量份, 其中二曱醚和曱醇的总重量为 100重量份。
3. 权利要求 1的酸基燃料, 其中二曱醚的含量为 5-9重量份, 曱醇的 含量为 91-95重量份, 其中二曱醚和曱醇的总重量为 100重量份。
4. 权利要求 1 - 3任一项的酸基燃料,其中所述酸基燃料由二曱醚和曱 醇组成。
5. 权利要求 1 - 4任一项的酸基燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料是汽车燃料。
6. 权利要求 1 - 5任一项的酸基燃料,其中所述酸基燃料是汽油发动机 燃料。
7. 一种混合燃料, 包含权利要求 1 - 6任一项的酸基燃料和汽油。
8. 权利要求 7的混合燃料, 其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合燃料 的 1 - 99重量%。
9.权利要求 7或 8的混合燃料,其中所述酸基燃料的含量为所述混合燃 料的 10 - 90重量%。
10. 权利要求 7 - 9任一项的混合燃料, 其中所述汽油为 90号、 93号、 97号、 100号、 103号汽油。
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