Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
  • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
  • C08F4/72—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44
  • C08F4/80—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from metals not provided for in group C08F4/44 selected from iron group metals or platinum group metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D233/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
  • B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D233/56—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D233/58—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms, attached to ring nitrogen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F15/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 8, 9, 10 or 18 of the Periodic Table
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
  • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/06—Preparatory processes
  • C08G77/08—Preparatory processes characterised by the catalysts used

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbene by deprotonation of a precursor salt with the aid of a strong base.
• any singular denotes indifferently a singular or a plural.
• the platinum / carbene complexes are known as Poly-vinyl siloxane (POS) hydrosilylation catalyst with Si-vinyl units, by means of SiS-H-patterned POSs.
• POS Poly-vinyl siloxane
• PCT application WO-A-02/098971 which describes a crosslinkable silicone composition made of elastomer by hydrosilylation, in the presence of platinum catalysts formed by a C3 or C4 complex:
• EP-B-0 971 941 discloses catalysts based on Ruthenium and Osmium / carbene complexes, for the thermal metathesis of cycloolefins.
• N-heterocyclic carbenes can be used as a cyclic ester polymerization catalyst. More specifically, 1,3-bis (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene was tested as a catalyst for the polymerization of L-lactide, caprolactone and ⁇ -butyrolactone, in the presence of an alcohol used as an initiator.
• the patent application FR-2864543-A discloses carbenes obtained by deprotonation of an imidazolium salt in the presence of a strong base and used for the synthesis of polyorganosiloxane silicones, by ring opening polymerization (s) and / or redistribution of linear or cyclic polyorganosiloxanes.
• Patent application FR-2900153-A discloses a carbene, dicyclohexyldiaminocarbene obtained by deprotonation of the corresponding imidazolium triflate
• NHC carbenes obtained by deprotonation of an imidazolium salt with a strong base in a THF-type solvent, are then isolated by filtration in order to remove the salt formed and then recrystallize, or even sublimate.
• EP-1268440-B1 relates to a process for preparing N-heterocyclic carbenes comprising heating a dialkylimidazolium halide with a strong base under reduced pressure.
• the carbene is distilled during its formation with a horizontal distillation apparatus, possibly distilled with the same apparatus a second time. It can be isolated pure under inert gas or dissolved in an inert solvent (preferably aromatic).
• carbenes are very reactive species that degrade in the open air, which involves keeping them and handling them under an inert atmosphere (argon or nitrogen). Their synthesis is also obviously conducted under an inert atmosphere and the solvent used is previously dried and freshly distilled.
• the invention aims to satisfy at least one of the following essential objectives:
• POS Polyorganosiloxanes
• POS Polyorganosiloxanes
• At least one strong base optionally generated in situ, is reacted, preferably at a temperature of between 0 ° C. and 100 ° C., with at least one precursor compound B of a carbene C, said compound B which is a salt comprising an iminium function of structure (I) below:
• X being selected from the group consisting of: O, S, -N (R) and -P (R), with R being a C 1 -C 30 group ,
• R - R ,, and R 3 are optionally substituted groups, identical or different, C 1 -C 30 and optionally comprising one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of: S, P, Si, N and O,
• X, R 2 , R 2 and R 3 taken in pairs may form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring; with the following conditions:
• the reaction is carried out in a solvent which is an alcohol or a mixture of alcohol.
• this deprotonation is carried out at ambient temperature (20 ° C.). It is the merit of the inventors to have dared the synthesis of carbene in an alcoholic medium despite the existing prejudice on the incompatibility carbene-water or alcohol. This made it possible, quite surprisingly and unexpectedly, to overcome the heavy constraint of implementing an anhydrous reaction medium and carbene isolation by sublimation with very low yield ( ⁇ 40% by mass). .
• the process according to the invention is much simpler since the purification operations are reduced or even eliminated. It is also more economical. In short, it is much more industrial than the known processes.
• the compound B is chosen from the compounds of the following general formula (III) or ( ⁇ ):
• a and B independently represent C or N, with the proviso that:
• T3, ⁇ 3 ', T4 and T4' independently represent a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group; cycloalkyl optionally substituted with an alkyl or alkoxy group; aryl optionally substituted with an alkyl or alkoxy group; alkenyl; alkynyl; or arylalkyl wherein the aryl moiety is optionally substituted with an alkyl or alkoxy group; or T3 and T4 may form together and with A and B when each represents a carbon atom, an aryl being understood that in this case T3 'and T4' are not present;
• T1 and T2 independently represent an alkyl group; an alkyl group optionally substituted with an alkyl; an alkyl group perfluorinated or optionally substituted by a perfluoroalkyl group; cycloalkyl optionally substituted with an alkyl or alkoxy group; aryl optionally substituted with an alkyl or alkoxy group; alkenyl; alkynyl; or arylalkyl wherein the aryl moiety is optionally substituted with an alkyl or alkoxy group; or
• T1 and T2 independently represent a monovalent radical of formula (III) below:
• VI is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical group, preferably a linear or branched C1-C10 alkylene, optionally substituted,
• V2 is a monovalent group chosen from the group of the following substituents:
• R b corresponding to hydrogen, alkyl, silyl or siloxanyl, wherein R c is alkyl, aryl and x is an integer from 0 to 3;
• Amine preferably -N (R a ) 2 with R a corresponding to hydrogen, alkyl, aryl; or even ;
• the substituents T1, T2, T3, ⁇ 3 'T4 and T4' may form, in pairs, when they are located on two adjacent vertices in formulas (III) and ( ⁇ ), a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain.
• ZI independently represents an anion derived from a Brönsted acid (protic acid) preferably selected from the group consisting of:
• G 0 represents an alkyl, and advantageously a C 1 -C 22 alkyl; aryl, preferably C6-C18 aryl optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 alkyl;
• the Zf anion is the anion derived from an organic or inorganic Bronsted acid (protic acid).
• the Zf anion is derived from an acid having a pKa of less than 6.
• Zf is derived from an acid of p less than 4, more preferably less than 2.
• the pKa referred to herein are pKa acids as measured in water.
• acids are the carboxylic acids of formula:
• G 0 -COOH wherein G 0 represents alkyl, and for example (C1-C22) alkyl; or aryl, and for example (C6-C18) aryl optionally substituted with one or more alkyl, preferably one or more (C1-C6) alkyl; sulfonic acids of the formula: G 0 -SO 3 H, wherein G 0 is as defined above; and phosphonic acids of the formula: G 0 -P0 3 H in which G 0 is as defined above; other acids are HF, HCl, HBr, HI, H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , HCl 4 and HBF 4 .
• carboxylic acids are acetic acid, benzoic acid, and stearic acid.
• sulfonic acid mention will be made of benzenesulphonic acid and, as the preferred phosphonic acid, mention will be made of phenylphosphonic acid.
• Zf anions according to the invention are halide anions and tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate.
• This process comprises the reaction:
• the nature of the ZI anion in the salts of formula (III) depends on the acid used at this stage.
• the acids that can be used are, for example, those listed above and those from which ZI is derived.
• the alcohol corresponds to the formula (F) R ° OH, in which R ° corresponds to an alkyl group; cycloalkyl; aryl; alkenyl; alkynyl; arylalkyl; silyl or siloxane, R ° being preferably selected from the group comprising: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl.
• the strong base is chosen from the group of hydroxides, alkoxides, hydrides or alkali or alkaline earth metal amides, preferably in the subgroup comprising: CH 3 ONa, potassium tert-butoxide, OH, NaOH, CH 3 CH 2 OMgOCH 2 CH 3 and mixtures thereof.
• this strong base can be formed in situ, for example by addition of sodium, or of sodium hydride, or of magnesium in the alcohol in question. This is how alcoholates can be generated in situ.
• deprotonation produces a salt which precipitates and which is separated from solution A
• the solvent is sublimed so as to collect the carbene C in solid form.
• the invention also relates to a solution A, in particular obtained by the process as described above, characterized in that it is based on alcohol and at least one carbene C of formula:
• X being selected from the group consisting of: O, S, -N (R) and -P (R), with R being a C 1 -C 30 group ,
• R - R ,, and R 3 are optionally substituted groups, identical or different, C 1 -C 30 and optionally comprising one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of: S, P, Si, N and O, and
• X, j , 2 and R taken in pairs can form a 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring.
• carbene C has formula (II) or (IV):
• a and B independently represent C or N, with the proviso that:
• T3, ⁇ 3 ', T4 and T4' independently represent a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group; cycloalkyl optionally substituted with alkyl or alkoxy; aryl optionally substituted with alkyl or alkoxy; alkenyl; alkynyl; or arylalkyl wherein the aryl moiety is optionally substituted with alkyl or alkoxy; or T3 and T4 may form together and with A and B when each represents a carbon atom, an aryl being understood that in this case T3 'and T4' are not present;
• T1 and T2 independently represent an alkyl group; an alkyl group optionally substituted with alkyl; an alkyl group perfluorinated or optionally substituted by a perfluoroalkyl group; cycloalkyl optionally substituted with alkyl or alkoxy; aryl optionally substituted with alkyl or alkoxy; alkenyl; alkynyl; or arylalkyl wherein the aryl moiety is optionally substituted with alkyl or alkoxy; or
• T1 and T2 independently represent a monovalent radical of formula (III) below:
• VI is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon radical group, preferably a linear or branched C1-C10 alkylene, optionally substituted,
• V2 is a monovalent group chosen from the group of the following substituents:
• R b corresponding to hydrogen, alkyl, silyl or siloxanyl, wherein R c is alkyl, aryl and x is an integer from 0 to 3;
• Amine preferably -N (R a ) 2 with R a corresponding to hydrogen, alkyl, aryl; or even ;
• the substituents T1, T2, T3, T3 'T4 and T4' can form, two by two, when they are located on two adjacent vertices in formulas (II) and ( ⁇ ), a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain.
• Alkyl means a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon-based chain, optionally substituted (eg with one or more alkyls), preferably from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, for example from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably from 1 to 7 carbon atoms.
• alkyl groups are in particular methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, n-propyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, isoamyl and 1,1-dimethylpropyl.
• the alkyl part of the alkoxy group is as defined above.
• perfluoroalkyl group or optionally substituted by a perfluoroalkyl group preferably corresponds to the formula:
• aryl denotes an aromatic hydrocarbon group having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, monocyclic or polycyclic and preferably monocyclic or bicyclic. It should be understood that, in the context of the invention, a polycyclic aromatic group means a group having two or more aromatic rings, fused (ortho-condensed or ortho and peri-condensed) to each other, that is to say say presenting, two by two, at least two carbons in common.
• aromatic hydrocarbon group (“aryl”) is optionally substituted for example by one or more C1-C3 alkyls, one or more halogenated hydrocarbon groups (eg CF 3 ), one or more alkoxies (eg CH 3 O) or one or more hydrocarbon groups comprising one or more ketone units (eg CH 3 CO-).
• aryl is optionally substituted for example by one or more C1-C3 alkyls, one or more halogenated hydrocarbon groups (eg CF 3 ), one or more alkoxies (eg CH 3 O) or one or more hydrocarbon groups comprising one or more ketone units (eg CH 3 CO-).
• aryl mention may be made of phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl and phenanthryl radicals.
• arylalkyl denotes an alkyl group as defined above, substituted with one or more aryl groups on its hydrocarbon chain, the aryl group being as defined above. Examples are benzyl and triphenylmethyl.
• Cycloalkyl means a mono- or polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, preferably mono- or bicyclic, preferably having from 3 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from 3 to 8.
• Polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon group means a group having two or more cyclic rings attached to each other by ⁇ or / and fused two by two.
• Examples of polycyclic cycloalkyl groups are adamantane and norbornane.
• Examples of monocyclic cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctyl.
• alkenyl is meant a linear or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, substituted or unsubstituted, having at least one olefinic double bond, and more preferably a single double bond.
• the alkenyl group has from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably from 2 to 6.
• This hydrocarbon chain optionally comprises at least one heteroatom such as O, N, S.
• alkenyl groups are allyl and homoallyl groups.
• alkynyl is meant according to the invention, a unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted, having at least one acetylenic triple bond, and more preferably a single triple bond.
• the alkynyl group has from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
• acetylenyl group and the propargyl group optionally comprises at least one heteroatom such as O,
• silyl is meant according to the invention, a linear or branched group containing at least one silicon atom.
• Polydimethylsiloxane chains are examples of silyl groups.
• the carbenes of formula (II) and ( ⁇ ) may have at least two fused rings, that is to say that at least two groups of Tl, T2, T3, ⁇ 3 ', T4 and T4' situated on two adjacent vertices , together form a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain, preferably having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
• saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based chain means a linear or branched hydrocarbon-based chain which may or may not have one or more olefinic double bond or acetylenic triple bond unsaturations.
• T1 and T2 in this formula (II) are:
• alkyl in particular n-propyl, n-pentyl, neo-pentyl (-CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) 3);
• cycloalkyl especially cyclopenfyl, cyclohexyl or adamantyl
• alkynyl in particular propargyl, homopropargyl (- (CH 2 ) 2 - C ⁇ CH);
• T3 and T4 are both hydrogen or together form aryl, and more preferably phenyl.
• carbenes As examples of carbenes, mention may be made of those described in Table 2, page 48 of the publication "Bourissou et al., Chem Rev. 2000, 100, 39-91". This table 2, page 48, is included by reference in this disclosure. According to the invention, the carbene (s):
• the method according to the invention thus gives access to a solution based on alcohol and carbene. Surprisingly and unexpectedly, this alcoholic solution is stable and catalytic.
• the invention also covers this stable and catalytic carbene per se solution obtained by the process according to the invention or any other process. applications
• the invention relates to a process for the preparation of Polyorganosiloxanes (POS) by ring opening polymerization and / or by redistribution of POS and / or by polycondensation, in the presence of a catalyst (C) comprising at least one less a carbene as obtained by the process as defined above, said carbene being in the form of an alcoholic solution or a solid extracted from said liquid.
• POS Polyorganosiloxanes
• the "ring opening polymerization (s)" corresponds to a polymerization in which a cyclic compound (monomer) is opened to form a linear polymer.
• distributed polymerization corresponds to the meaning of the person skilled in the art of silicone chemistry.
• the “redistribution polymerization” is understood in the field of silicones, as a rearrangement of organosiloxanes of different structures and / or molecular weight. This rearrangement leads to a single new POS.
• the invention opens new ways in the catalysis of:
• an alcohol is used directly as solvent for the reaction, allowing instantaneous protection of the carbene as soon as it is formed.
• the synthesis is carried out in the open air.
• Example B112 Synthesis in THF diluted medium according to the invention (dilution equal to 1) ⁇ sample 2
• Example B114 Same reaction as B112 (with THF) with a carbene solution prepared a month ago and stored without precaution at 20 ° C ⁇ sample 4
• the reaction studied is the hydrosilylation of 1-octene by 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptamethyltrisiloxane without solvent:

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