WO2011081052A1 - Lsi,鉄道用フェールセーフlsi,電子装置,鉄道用電子装置 - Google Patents
Lsi,鉄道用フェールセーフlsi,電子装置,鉄道用電子装置 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L27/00—Central railway traffic control systems; Trackside control; Communication systems specially adapted therefor
- B61L27/50—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades
- B61L27/57—Trackside diagnosis or maintenance, e.g. software upgrades for vehicles or trains, e.g. trackside supervision of train conditions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B9/00—Safety arrangements
- G05B9/02—Safety arrangements electric
- G05B9/03—Safety arrangements electric with multiple-channel loop, i.e. redundant control systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
- G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
- G06F11/1629—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems
- G06F11/1641—Error detection by comparing the output of redundant processing systems where the comparison is not performed by the redundant processing components
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- H01L27/0203—Particular design considerations for integrated circuits
- H01L27/0207—Geometrical layout of the components, e.g. computer aided design; custom LSI, semi-custom LSI, standard cell technique
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor chip (LSI) with a built-in microprocessor, and more particularly to a rail-safe fail-safe semiconductor chip (LSI) used in a control system that requires high safety, such as a signal system in a railroad.
- the present invention relates to an electronic device on which a semiconductor chip (LSI) is mounted, an electronic device for railways, and the like.
- an electronic device equipped with an LSI having a fail-safe function including a microprocessor is applied to a signal system in a railway
- the LSI Based on the abnormality detection signal, a control signal for notifying that an abnormality has occurred in the railway vehicle is transmitted from the railway electronic device to the railway vehicle control device installed on the ground side.
- This control signal is transmitted by the wireless device.
- the railway vehicle control device side that has received this control signal transmits a vehicle stop signal to each vehicle side by a wireless device, and executes safe traveling control of the railway vehicle.
- Non-Patent Document 1 shows an example of actually creating a one-chip failsafe LSI.
- the peripheral circuit connected to the outside of the chip has only one type of general-purpose bus, and the correspondence to various peripheral circuits and high-speed external memories has not been considered.
- an LSI with a built-in processor has a so-called pin multiplex, in which a single external signal pin has a plurality of functions and the functions are switched as necessary in order to make the application versatile. Often has a signal pin. As a result, a limited number of signal pins can be used effectively, but the conventional technology does not consider pin multiplexing in fail-safe LSIs.
- An object of the present invention is to achieve both safety and high performance including the peripheral circuit of an LSI chip.
- the signal pins for the two systems including the processor are arranged at the diagonal positions of the package, that is, at the farthest positions from each other, and between the signal pins for the two systems.
- a signal pin related to the common system is arranged.
- the most distant place means that it may be in the vicinity as long as both safety and high performance can be achieved.
- one signal pin related to the peripheral circuit is arranged in a region between signals related to the two systems in two places.
- the distance between the signal pins related to the two systems can be expanded, so that the two systems malfunction simultaneously due to a single factor such as electromagnetic noise. The possibility can be reduced.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a cross section of the fail-safe LSI 10 which is the physical structure of the fail-safe LSI shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2B is a bird's-eye view showing the physical structure of the fail-safe LSI, with the sealing material 102 removed from the fail-safe LSI 10 shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a physical surface of a fail-safe LSI and a circuit surface of the LSI chip 100 shown in FIG. 2B.
- 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the internal configuration of a fail safe LSI in a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration example of the bus comparator 202 of FIG. 7.
- the figure which showed the internal structural example of the duplication control circuit of FIG. The figure which showed the internal structural example of the general purpose input / output circuit (general purpose I / O15) of FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a logic circuit layout and input / output pad arrangement in the LSI chip of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining the external pin arrangement of the LSI of the present invention, and is a perspective view of the pin arrangement from the viewpoint instructed to the appearance of the LSI 10 in FIG. 13B, that is, directly above the LSI 10. It is a figure for demonstrating external pin arrangement
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining an external pin arrangement of an LSI in the second embodiment, and a diagram for explaining the viewpoint of FIG. 18A.
- FIG. 19B is an overview of a fail-safe LSI having a different physical structure, and is an overhead view of a state where a sealing material is removed from the fail-safe LSI of FIG. 19A.
- FIG. 19B is a diagram showing a circuit surface of the LSI chip of FIG. 19A, which is an outline of a fail-safe LSI having a different physical structure. It is a figure for demonstrating arrangement
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining the outline of the LSI of the present invention.
- Two LSIs having the same configuration including a processor and an external interface (hereinafter referred to as I / F) circuit are mounted in one LSI 10.
- the two systems are called A system and B system.
- Each system processing device has one or more processors and one or more external I / F circuits, which are connected to an internal bus in each system. Since the processing results of the processors in each system appear on the internal bus, signals from both buses (corresponding signals on the bus: address, write data, read) are compared by a comparison device connected to the A system internal bus and the B system internal bus.
- a signal indicating normality when both perform the same operation and abnormality when both are performing different operations is output to the outside of the failsafe LSI chip 100 (see FIG. 2A) as a normal abnormality determination signal 200.
- the comparison device selects one of them and outputs it to the common internal bus.
- the comparison device outputs the output from the common internal bus to the two systems of processing devices to both of the internal buses of the two systems. By unifying such buses, the same processing is continued without shifting the operation timing of the two systems.
- a plurality of common external I / F circuits are connected to the common internal bus.
- An external device can be connected to each of the two external I / F circuits and the common external I / F circuit having the same configuration.
- the integrated internal interface by collating the outputs from the two processors is not directly output to the outside of the chip as in the prior art, but once connected to the common internal bus,
- various peripheral circuits can be connected, and the performance of the LSI can be improved.
- a plurality of external I / F circuits can be built by providing a common internal bus, a plurality of external devices can be directly connected to the chip.
- the external device includes an external memory
- the signal voltage of the memory of the external device connected to the two external I / F circuits is at least a part of the signal voltage of the common external I / F circuit.
- 2A, 2B, and 2C are diagrams showing an outline of the physical structure of the fail-safe LSI in this embodiment.
- 2A is a diagram showing a cross section (internal configuration) of the fail-safe LSI 10 of FIG. 1.
- Signals and power sources (not shown) of the external I / F circuit of the LSI chip 100 are electrically connected to the package substrate 101 by bonding wires 103.
- FIG. And connected to the outside via solder balls 104 attached to the lower part of the package substrate 101. That is, the LSI chip 100 mounted on the package substrate 101 is configured to be electrically connected to the solder ball 104 via the bonding wire 103.
- the upper part of the LSI chip 100 is protected by a sealing material 102.
- FIG. 2B is an overhead view of the fail-safe LSI 10 with the sealing material 102 removed.
- the LSI chip 100 is arranged on the package substrate 101 with the circuit surface facing upward, and is connected to the package substrate 101 by bonding wires 103. It shows that.
- FIG. 2C is a diagram showing circuit surfaces of the LSI chip 100 and the package substrate 101.
- the LSI chip 100 includes a logic circuit mounting area 105 in which logic circuits such as the above-described two systems of processing devices and comparison devices are formed, signals, It shows that it comprises an input / output pad area 106 for connecting a power supply.
- an A-system processing device is arranged on the left side of the LSI chip 100
- a B-system processing device is arranged on the right side
- a common system circuit is arranged in the center. The arrangement within the chip will be described later.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the internal configuration of the fail-safe LSI and external devices in this embodiment.
- the fail-safe LSI 10 includes two systems (A system and B system) of processors 11A and 11B, and two systems of internal buses 12A and 12B, and a high-speed memory I / F circuit 13A as an external I / F of the two systems. And 13B, external bus I / F circuits 14A and 14B, and general-purpose input / output circuits 15A and 15B.
- External RAMs 131A and 131B are connected to the high-speed memory I / F circuits 13A and 13B, and external ROMs 141A and 141B are connected to the external bus I / F circuits 14A and 14B as external devices, respectively.
- the fail safe LSI 10 includes a comparison device 20 and a common internal bus 21, and includes a system bus I / F circuit 22 and a network I / F circuit 23 as the common external I / F.
- a system bus bridge 221 is connected to the system bus I / F circuit 22 and a network physical layer 231 is connected to the network I / F circuit 23 as an external device.
- a normal / abnormal determination signal 200 is output from the comparison device 20.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an outline of wiring connected to the common internal bus 21 (see FIG. 3) in the present embodiment.
- the common internal bus 21 has an I / F signal line 205 with the comparison device 20, an I / F signal line 222 with the system bus I / F circuit 22, an I / F signal line 232 with the network I / F circuit 23, Is connected.
- the I / F signal lines 205, 222, and 232 are respectively master ports 205M, 222M, and 232M that issue read / write requests to the internal bus, and slave ports 205S, 222S, and 232S that receive read / write requests from the internal bus.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing details of the internal configuration of the common internal bus 21 and the wiring to be connected in the present embodiment.
- the common internal bus 21 includes a bus control circuit 211 and wirings to the ports 205M, 222M, 232M, 205S, 222S, and 232S.
- the bus control circuit 211 includes a request control circuit 212 and a response control circuit 213.
- Each master port 205M, 222M, 232M has an address (output) 2051M, 2221M, 2321M, write data (output) 2052M, 2222M, 2322M, command (output) 2053M, 2223M, 2323M, grant (input) 2054M, 2224M, 2324M. , Read data (input) 2055M, 2225M, 2325M, and valid (input) 2056M, 2226M, 2326M.
- Each slave port 205S, 222S, 232S has an address (input) 2051S, 2221S, 2321S, write data (input) 2052S, 2222S, 2322S, command (input) 2053S, 2223S, 2323S, busy (output) 2057S, 2227S, 2327S. , Port number (output) 2058S, 2228S, 2328S, read data (output) 2055S, 2225S, 2325S, valid (output) 2056S, 2226S, 2326S.
- the input / output directions are from each port to the bus control circuit 211.
- the request control circuit 212 arbitrates transfer requests from the master ports 205M, 222M, and 232M, decodes the addresses 2051M, 2221M, and 2321M, and selects output destination slave ports 205S, 222S, and 232S.
- the code is well known for bus arbitration and address, and detailed description is omitted.
- the response control circuit 213 arbitrates the read data return request from each of the slave ports 205S, 222S, and 232S, and outputs the request to the master ports 205M, 222M, and 232M that are the request sources.
- the response control circuit 213 has a buffer (not shown) for temporarily holding read data for each slave port, and a return request from each slave port 205S, 222S, 232S is not awaited.
- FIG. 6 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the common internal bus 21.
- FIG. 6 shows data write and read operations between the master port 205M and the slave port 222S.
- the common internal bus 21 transfers data every clock cycle in synchronization with the clock signal (shown as a clock cycle in FIG. 6) shown at the top of the figure.
- the clock signal shown as a clock cycle in FIG. 6
- an address (A0) indicating a register in the system bus I / F circuit 22 as an address 2051M from the comparator 20 (see FIG. 3) in a clock cycle i
- D0 indicating a 4-byte write as a write data 2052M
- a command 2053M for example, an address (A0) indicating a register in the system bus I / F circuit 22 as an address 2051M from the comparator 20 (see FIG. 3) in a clock cycle i, a code (D0) indicating a 4-byte write as a write data 2052M, and a command 2053M
- the request control circuit 212 determines that there is no request from another master port or the busy state of the slave port to which the request is issued, and asserts the grant 2054M to request Notify that the request has been accepted. At the same time, the request control circuit 212 outputs the address 2221S, the write data 2222S, and the command 2223S to the slave port 222S to which the request is issued.
- the system bus I / F circuit 22 (see FIG. 3) connected to the slave port 222S writes the write data to the register in its own module according to the received address.
- An address (A1) indicating a register in the system bus bridge 221 connected to the system bus I / F circuit 22 as an address 2051M in a clock cycle j, and a code (R4) indicating a 4-byte read as a command 2053M are the bus control circuit 211.
- the request control circuit 212 determines the bus state and asserts the grant 2054M to notify the request source that the request has been accepted. At the same time, the request control circuit 212 outputs an address 2221S and a command 2223S to the slave port 222S to which the request is issued.
- the system bus I / F circuit 22 (see FIG. 3) connected to the slave port 222S issues a read request to the system bus bridge 221 (see FIG. 3) according to the received address.
- the system bus I / F circuit 22 In clock cycle j + 1, the system bus I / F circuit 22 asserts busy 2227S and notifies the request control circuit 212 that other requests cannot be accepted.
- the system bus I / F circuit 22 uses the code indicating the master port 205M that is the request request source as the port number 2228S of the slave port 222S ( P0) and read data 2225S (D1) are output to the response control circuit 213 together with the valid 2226S.
- the response control circuit 213 outputs read data 2055M (D1) and valid 2056M to the port 205M indicated by the port number 2228S.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of the comparison device 20 in the present embodiment.
- the comparison device 20 compares the bus signals of the A-system internal bus 121A and the B-system internal bus 121B and supplies the result (comparison mismatch signal 204) to the alternating signal generator 201.
- An alternating signal generator 201 that receives a comparison mismatch signal 204 of the duplex control circuit 203 and the bus comparator 202 connected between the buses and the output unit of the bus comparator 202 and outputs a normal / abnormal determination signal 200 (High / Low). And is connected to the A-system internal bus 121A, the B-system internal bus 121B, and the common-system internal bus 21 (see FIG. 3).
- the duplex control circuit 203 receives the comparison mismatch signal 204, which is an output signal of the bus comparator 202, and controls the A-system internal bus 121A and the B-system internal bus 121B.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the operation of the alternating signal generator 201 in this embodiment.
- the alternating signal generator 201 outputs a normal / abnormal determination signal 200 in accordance with the comparison mismatch signal 204 (alternating signal) output from the bus comparator 202. If a normal or abnormal state is output to the outside with a single level signal, a failure mode in which the signal level is fixed to ON (High) or OFF (Low) cannot be avoided. Conventionally, an “alternating signal” that is normal when ON and OFF are repeated at a frequency and abnormal in other states has been used.
- the alternating signal generator 201 outputs a desired frequency signal when the comparison mismatch signal 204 (alternating signal) indicates coincidence, that is, normal, and outputs a level signal when it does not coincide, ie, indicates abnormality. To do. Since the generation logic of the alternating signal by the alternating signal generator 201 is well known, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of the bus comparator 202 in the present embodiment.
- the bus comparator 202 constantly compares the signal output from the A-system internal bus 121A and the signal output from the B-system internal bus 121B, and turns on the comparison mismatch signal 204 when a mismatch is detected.
- the data to be compared are address 1211MA and 1211MB, write data 1212MA and 1212MB, command 1213MA and 1213MB, busy 1217SA and 1217SB, port numbers 1218SA and 1218SB, read data 1215SA and 1215SB, and valid 1216SA and 1216SB. If detected, the flip-flop inside the bus comparator 202 is set, and the comparison mismatch signal 204 remains ON.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the internal configuration of the duplex control circuit 203 in this embodiment.
- the duplex control circuit 203 outputs a signal output from the A-system internal bus 121A to the common system internal bus 21 unless a comparison mismatch is detected by the bus comparator 202. That is, address 1211MA, write data 1212MA, command 1213MA, busy 1217SA, port number 1218SA, read data 1215SA, valid 1216SA are address 2051M, write data 2052M, command 2053M, busy 2057S, port number 2058S, read data 2055S, valid, respectively. 2056S.
- the comparison mismatch is detected, the output of the command 1213MA and the valid 1216SA is suppressed by the comparison mismatch signal 204, and the common internal bus 21 does not detect the issuance of the request and the response. The output to 21 is stopped.
- the signal output from the common internal bus 21 is simultaneously sent to the A internal bus 121A and the B internal bus 121B. That is, grant 2054M, read data 2055M, valid 2056M, address 2051S, write data 2052S, command 2053S are grant 1214MA and 1214MB, read data 1215MA and 1215MB, valid 1216MA and 1216MB, address 1211SA and 1211SB, write data 1212SA and 1212SB and commands 1213SA and 1213SB.
- the redundant control circuit 203 makes the A system internal bus 121A and the B system internal bus 121B look like one bus (port 205) from the common system internal bus 21, and the A system internal buses 121A and B Since the operation timing of the internal system bus 121B is not deviated, the processing in the two systems of processing devices is not deviated.
- Processors 11A and 11B are assumed to be general microprocessors, and will not be described as known techniques.
- the high-speed memory I / F circuits 13A and 13B are assumed to be general-purpose high-speed memories such as DDR-SDRAM (Double Data Rate-Synchronous DRAM), and the description thereof is omitted as a known technique.
- the voltage tends to be lower than that of a general-purpose external bus.
- the general-purpose external bus I / F voltage is 3.3 V
- the DDR-SDRAM I / F voltage is 2.5 V
- the LSI needs to support a plurality of I / F voltages.
- External bus I / F circuits 14A and 14B are assumed to be external buses of general microprocessors composed of chip select, address, data, read / write strobe, etc., and description thereof is omitted as a known technique.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an internal configuration of the general-purpose input / output circuit 15A (see FIG. 3) in this embodiment.
- the general-purpose input / output circuit 15B has the same configuration.
- the general-purpose input / output circuit 15A has a general-purpose IO read data register (PIORR_A) 151A, a general-purpose IO write data register (PIOWR_A) 152A, and a general-purpose IO function setting register (PIOFR_A) 153A. These registers are connected via the internal bus 12A. Values are read and written by the processor 11A.
- PORR_A general-purpose IO read data register
- POWR_A general-purpose IO write data register
- PIOFR_A general-purpose IO function setting register
- PIORR_A and PIOWR_A have a data width of 8 bits and are connected to the external signal line 150A of the LSI 10 via the input / output buffer 154A.
- PIOFR_A has a data width of 1 bit. When the value is 0, the data is output, and the value set in PIOWR_A is output to the external signal line 150A. When the value of PIOFR_A is 1, it is a data input, and the signal level of the external signal line 150A is input to PIORR_A.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a logic circuit layout and input / output pad arrangement in the LSI chip 100 in this embodiment.
- the logic circuit layout in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 in which an A system processing device is arranged on the left side of the chip and a B system processing device is arranged on the right side of the chip.
- a common system external I / F (corresponding to the network I / F circuit 23 and the system bus I / F circuit 22 in FIG. 3) are arranged, so that the A-system and B-system logic circuits are arranged. Are separated.
- the distance between the same logic circuits of the A system and the B system is maximized (desired to keep the distance maximum, but strictly It may be a range that is not the maximum).
- the arrangement of the input / output pads (corresponding to the input / output pad area 106 in FIG. 2C) is closely related to the logic circuit layout.
- the A-system memory I / F (the high-speed memory I / F in FIG. 3) is used.
- the signal input / output pad relating to the circuit 13A) is on the left side of the chip, the signal input / output pad relating to the B-system memory I / F (corresponding to the high-speed memory I / F circuit 13B in FIG.
- Input / output pads for signals related to other external I / Fs in the system are placed on the lower left of the chip, and other external I / Fs in the B system (external bus I in FIG. 3).
- the signal input / output pad related to the / F circuit 14B) is located on the upper right side of the chip so that the A system signal and the B system signal are diagonally (including approximately diagonal) on the outer periphery of the chip. Be placed.
- signal input / output pads for the common external I / F (corresponding to the external I / F circuit 22 in FIG. 3) are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the chip so as to separate the A and B signals. .
- the I / Fs that is, the I / F signals of the A system and the B system are arranged diagonally or close to each other and to separate them with a common system signal. Details of the number of specific signals of each I / F, specific boundary positions of each I / F, and specific signal arrangements in each I / F are not mentioned. Further, the directions of the left and right and the top and bottom of the chip are also relative, and are not limited to the directions shown in this embodiment.
- I / O pad design there are usually restrictions on I / O pad design such as reserve pads for power supply and diagnostic functions.
- I / O pad design such as reserve pads for power supply and diagnostic functions.
- I / O pad design such as reserve pads for power supply and diagnostic functions.
- the present invention does not strictly require the signal arrangement on the input / output pads at the diagonal positions, and it is only necessary to arrange the two systems of signals at approximately the diagonal positions. For example, if the arrangement order of each I / F unit is diagonal, the arrangement of signals belonging to each I / F may be interchanged.
- FIG. 13A and 13B are diagrams for explaining the external pin arrangement of the LSI 10 in this embodiment.
- FIG. 13A is a perspective view of the pin arrangement seen from the viewpoint instructed to the appearance of the LSI 10 in FIG. 13B, that is, directly above the LSI 10.
- the signal pin is not arranged at the center of the package, and is an empty area.
- the external pin arrangement is the same as the logic circuit layout and input / output pad arrangement in the LSI chip 100 shown in FIG. 12, and the input / output pins for signals related to the A system memory I / F are arranged on the left side of the package (the A system memory in FIG. 12).
- Input / output signal pins for signals related to the B-system memory I / F are located on the right side of the package (position facing the B-system memory I / F signal in FIG. 12) at the position facing the I / F signal.
- the signal input / output pins for the common system external I / F are separated from the A system and B system signal pins on the upper and lower sides of the package (positions facing the common system external I / F signal in FIG. 12).
- the arrangement of each I / F that is, each I / F signal pin of the A system and the B system is arranged diagonally with respect to the center point of the package, and the common signal pins separate them. It is important to do so, and details of the number of specific signal pins of each I / F, the specific boundary position of each I / F, and the specific signal pin arrangement in each I / F are not mentioned.
- the directions such as the left and right and the top and bottom of the package are relative and are not limited to the directions shown in the present embodiment.
- the present invention does not strictly require pin arrangement at diagonal positions, and two signal pins may be arranged at roughly diagonal positions. For example, if the arrangement order of each I / F unit is diagonal, the signal pins belonging to each I / F may be interchanged.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a component arrangement on the electronic circuit board 30 on which the LSI 10 and the external device are mounted in the present embodiment.
- the high-speed memory I / F circuits 13A and 13B (see FIG. 3) in the A-system and B-system memory I / F signal pin areas of the failsafe LSI 10 include RAM-A1 (1311A), RAM-A2 (1312A), RAM -B1 (1311B) and RAM-B2 (1312B) are connected, and ROM-A (141A) and ROM-B (141B) are connected to the external bus I / F circuits 14A and 14B (see FIG. 3). .
- a system bus bridge LSI 221 is connected to the system bus I / F circuit 22 (see FIG. 3) of the failsafe LSI 10, and a network physical layer LSI 231 is connected to the network I / F circuit 23 (see FIG. 3).
- the black circles at the corners of the figures showing these external devices are index marks for semiconductor components, that is, marks for determining the mounting direction of the components.
- the device connected to the A system and the device connected to the B system are upside down in the same manner as the arrangement of the signal pins.
- a normality / abnormality determination signal 200 output from the comparison device 20 (see FIG. 3) is connected to the state notification connector 2000 and notifies the state to the outside of the electronic circuit board 30.
- a signal output from the system bus bridge LSI 221 is connected to a system bus connector 2210, and a bus signal is exchanged between the electronic circuit board 30 and another board.
- a signal output from the network physical layer LSI 231 is connected to the network connector 2310, and a network signal is exchanged between the electronic circuit board 30 and another board.
- the respective external circuits are connected to the respective I / F on the substrate.
- the wiring can be routed without detouring or being congested, which is advantageous from the design cost and performance of the board.
- a signal pin area relating to the high-speed memory I / F circuit 13A of the LSI 10 and an area 300A in which RAM-A1 (1311A) and RAM-A2 (1312A) are mounted hatchched area in the figure
- the signal pin area relating to the high-speed memory I / F circuit 13B of the LSI 10 the area 300B (hatched area in the figure) where the RAM-B1 (1311B) and the RAM-B2 (1312B) are mounted are the other areas. This is a region where the power supply voltage is different.
- the high-speed memory I / F see 13A and 13B in FIG.
- the different voltage regions can be separated into left and right, so that the influence of noise accompanying the operation of the high-speed RAM on the operation of the high-speed RAM on the opposite side can be reduced.
- the essence of the present invention is that the same function I / F of the two systems is located at a diagonal position regardless of which I / F is what power supply voltage and how many different voltage regions exist. By arranging them in this way, mutual interference can be minimized.
- An electronic device including the electronic circuit board 30 and the like on which the LSI 10 and an external device are mounted can be used as a railroad electronic device, and the LSI 10 at this time becomes a railroad failsafe LSI.
- a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the external I / O described in the first embodiment is used for pin multiplexes between signals relating to two systems of processing devices or signals of common systems. This is a problem to be solved in the arrangement of / F, and it is sufficient that signals relating to the two systems of processing devices are arranged on the diagonal of the LSI.
- the pin multiplexes of the signals related to the two systems of processing devices and the signals of the common system are preferably arranged as in the second embodiment to be described.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an internal configuration and external devices of the fail-safe LSI in the second embodiment.
- the first embodiment differs from FIG. 3 in that it has general-purpose input / output circuits 24A and 24B and pin function selectors 25A and 25B, and signals related to the general-purpose input / output circuits 15A and 15B are directly connected to the outside of the LSI 10.
- signals related to the general-purpose general-purpose input / output circuits 24A and 24B are selectively connected to the outside by the pin function selectors 25A and 25B, that is, are pin multiplexed. That is, the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is further connected to general-purpose input / output circuits 24A and 24B, two general-purpose input / output circuits 15A and 24A, and general-purpose input / output circuits 15B and 24B. 25B is added.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the internal configuration of the general purpose input / output circuit 15A, the general purpose input / output circuit 24A, and the pin function selector 25A in the second embodiment.
- the general-purpose input / output circuit 15B, the general-purpose input / output circuit 24B, and the pin function selector 25B have the same configuration. Similar to the first embodiment, the general-purpose input / output circuit 15A has a general-purpose IO read data register (PIORR_A) 151A, a general-purpose IO write data register (PIOWR_A) 152A, and a general-purpose IO function setting register (PIOFR_A) 153A.
- the registers are read and written by the processor 11A (see FIG. 15) via the internal bus 12A.
- the general-purpose input / output circuit 24A includes a general-purpose IO read data register (PIORR_C1) 241A, a general-purpose IO write data register (PIOWR_C1) 242A, and a general-purpose IO function setting register (PIOFR_C1) 243A.
- the values are read and written by simultaneous access from the processors 11A and 11B.
- the pin function selector 25A includes a general purpose IO selection register (PIOSR_A) 251A and a selection circuit 252A.
- a circuit (not shown) for register access of PIOSR_A is in the general-purpose input / output circuit 15A, and values are read and written by the processor 11A via the internal bus 12A.
- PIORR_A and PIOWR_A have an 8-bit data width
- PIOFR_A has a 1-bit data width
- PIORR_C1 and PIOWR_C1 have an 8-bit data width
- PIOFR_C1 has a 1-bit data width, and are connected to the selection circuit 252A.
- PIOSR_A has a data width of 1 bit.
- the function of the general-purpose input / output circuit 24A When the value is 0, the function of the general-purpose input / output circuit 24A is selected, and when the value is 1, the function of the general-purpose input / output circuit 15A is selected. That is, when the function of the general-purpose input / output circuit 24A is selected, PIORR_C1 and PIOWR_C1 are connected to the external signal line 250A of the LSI 10 via the input / output buffer 252A, and the input / output direction is determined according to the value of PIOFR_C1.
- PIORR_A and PIOWR_A are connected to the external signal line 250A of the LSI 10 via the input / output buffer 252A, and the input / output direction is determined according to the value of PIOFR_A.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a logic circuit layout and input / output pad arrangement in the LSI chip 100 in the second embodiment.
- the difference from FIG. 12 is that a pin function selector for switching between the A system external I / F and the common system external I / F is arranged at the lower left of the chip, and the B system external I / F and the common system external I / F are arranged at the upper right of the chip.
- the output pad, that is, the B system / common system mixed region is arranged.
- FIG. 18A is a diagram for explaining the external pin arrangement of the LSI 10 in the second embodiment. Similar to FIG. 17, the difference from FIG. 13A relates to the signal switched by the pin function selector between the input / output pin of the signal related to the A system external I / F in the lower left and the input / output pin of the signal related to the common system external I / F.
- I / O pins that is, A / common system mixed area
- Input / output pins that is, B system / common system mixed areas are arranged.
- FIG. 19A, 19B, and 19C are diagrams showing an outline of a fail-safe LSI having a physical structure different from that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 19A is a diagram showing a cross section of the fail-safe LSI.
- the external I / F signal and the power source of the LSI chip are connected to the package substrate by the bumps 107 on the chip.
- FIG. 19B is an overhead view of the state where the sealing material is removed from the fail-safe LSI.
- the LSI chip 100 is arranged on the package substrate with the circuit surface facing downward, and is connected to the package substrate by the bump 107 on the chip.
- FIG. 19C is a diagram showing the circuit surface of the LSI chip.
- a B-type processing device is arranged on the left side of the LSI chip, an A-type processing device is arranged on the right side, and a common circuit is arranged in the center.
- the external pins of the LSI package are arranged such that signal pins of the A system are arranged on the left side of the LSI, the B system is arranged on the right side, and the common pins are arranged vertically. That is, when the chip is mounted on the back as shown in this figure, the signal arrangement of the LSI chip and the LSI package is reversed left and right.
- FIG. 20A, 20B, and 20C are diagrams for explaining external pin arrangement in a fail-safe LSI having an external pin structure different from that of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20A shows the case of the first embodiment, in which there is no external pin at the center of the package.
- the signal pins of the A system are arranged on the left side of the LSI, the B system is arranged on the right side, and the common system is arranged on the upper and lower sides.
- power pins including ground pins
- the total number of pins and the arrangement and number of power supply pins vary depending on the package design.
- the signal pins of the A system, B system, and common system are mounted in any positional relationship.
- FIG. 20B shows the case where there are external pins at the center of the package, but the center is all the power supply pins.
- FIG. 20C shows the case where there is also an external pin at the center of the package, and the center also has a signal pin. Is done.
- the common system signal pins are separated from the common system signal pins by disposing the common system signal pins in the center as in the other examples.
- Fail-safe LSI 11A, 11B Processors 12A, 12B Internal buses 13A, 13B High-speed memory interface circuits 14A, 14B External bus interface circuits 15A, 15B General-purpose input / output circuit 20 Comparison device 21 Common internal bus 22 System bus interface circuit 23 Network interface circuit 25A , 25B Pin function selector 30 Electronic circuit board 100 Fail-safe LSI chip 200 Normal / abnormal discrimination signal 201 Alternating signal generator 202 Bus comparator 203 Duplex control circuit 204 Comparison mismatch signal
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Abstract
Description
図2BはフェールセーフLSI10から封止材102を取り除いた状態の俯瞰図で、パッケージ基板101にLSIチップ100が回路面を上部に向けて配置され、ボンディングワイヤ103によってパッケージ基板101に接続されていることを示す。図2CはLSIチップ100及びパッケージ基板101の回路面を表した図で、LSIチップ100は上述した2系統の処理装置や比較装置などの論理回路が形成される論理回路実装領域105と、信号や電源を接続するための入出力パッド領域106から成ることを示す。また、本実施例においてはLSIチップ100の左側にA系の処理装置、右側にB系の処理装置、中央に共通系の回路が配置されている。チップ内配置に関しては後述する。
号2058S,リードデータ2055S,バリッド2056S、として出力する。
比較不一致が検出された場合、比較不一致信号204によってコマンド1213MAとバリッド1216SAの出力が抑止され、共通系内部バス21はリクエスト及びレスポンスの発行を検知しないので、不一致となったデータを共通系内部バス21に出力するのを止められる。
11A,11B プロセッサ
12A,12B 系統内内部バス
13A,13B 高速メモリインタフェース回路
14A,14B 外部バスインタフェース回路
15A,15B 汎用入出力回路
20 比較装置
21 共通系内部バス
22 システムバスインタフェース回路
23 ネットワークインタフェース回路
25A,25B ピン機能セレクタ
30 電子回路基板
100 フェールセーフLSIチップ
200 正常異常判別信号
201 交番信号発生器
202 バス比較器
203 二重化制御回路
204 比較不一致信号
Claims (24)
- プロセッサ及び外部インタフェース回路を含む第一系統の処理装置と、
前記第一系統の処理装置と同一のプロセッサ及び外部インタフェース回路を含む第二系統の処理装置と、
前記2系統の処理装置の処理結果を比較する前記2系統に属さない共通系の比較装置と、
前記2系統に属さない共通系の外部インタフェース回路と、を有し、
前記比較装置は、前記2系統の処理装置が同一の動作をしている場合に正常、前記2系統の処理装置が異なる動作をした場合に異常、を示す判別信号を出力するバス比較器を有し、
前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンが隣接しないように、前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンの間には、前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンが配置されることを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項1に記載のLSIにおいて、
前記第一系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンと、対応する前記第二系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンとは、LSIパッケージの中心点に対しそれぞれおおよそ対角の位置に配置されることを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項2に記載のLSIにおいて、
前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路を2つ以上有し、前記共通系の2つ以上の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンは、LSIパッケージ上の中心点に対し、それぞれおおよそ対角の位置に配置されたことを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項3に記載のLSIを搭載した電子回路基板を有する電子装置であって、
前記共通系の2つ以上の外部インタフェース回路に接続される2つ以上の前記共通系の外部装置の中間に前記LSIを配置することを特徴とする電子装置。 - 請求項1に記載のLSIにおいて、
前記比較装置は、前記2系統の処理装置からそれぞれ出力される信号が一致している場合は、一致した前記処理装置からの信号を出力し、一致していない場合は、前記処理装置からの信号を出力しない二重化制御回路と、を有し、
前記2系統の処理装置からそれぞれ出力される信号が一致している場合に、一致した前記処理装置からの信号を前記二重化制御回路より受信し、当該信号を前記共通系の複数の外部インタフェース回路へ出力する共通系内部バス制御回路を有することを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項5に記載のLSIにおいて、
前記二重化制御回路は、前記共通系内部バス制御回路からの信号を前記2系統の処理装置へ出力する伝送手段を備えることを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項1に記載のLSIにおいて、
前記第一系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号の一部と、前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号の一部と、を選択して同じ入出力信号ピンで共用する第一ピン機能選択回路と、
前記第二系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号の一部と、前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号の一部と、を選択して同じ入出力信号ピンで共用する第二ピン機能選択回路と、を有することを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項1に記載のLSIにおいて、
前記第一系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンと、前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンとの間に、前記第一系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号の一部と、前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号の一部とを共用した入出力信号ピンが配置され、
前記第二系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンと、前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンとの間に、前記第二系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号の一部と、前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号の一部とを共用した入出力信号ピンが配置されたことを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項1に記載のLSIにおいて、
LSIチップに搭載される前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力パッドは、パッケージ内のLSIチップの中心点に対しそれぞれおおよそ対角の位置に配置され、
前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力パッドが互いに隔てて配置されるように、LSIチップに搭載される前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の入出力パッドは、前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力パッドの間に配置され、
LSIチップ内の論理回路実装領域において、前記第一系統のプロセッサ及び外部インタフェース回路を実装した領域と前記第二系統のプロセッサ及び外部インタフェース回路を実装した領域の間に、前記比較装置及び前記共通系のインタフェース回路を実装した領域を、前記第一系統の領域と前記第二系統の領域が隣接しないように配置したことを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項1に記載のLSIにおいて、
前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路に接続される外部装置を備え、
前記外部装置には外部メモリが含まれることを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項10に記載のLSIにおいて、
前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路に接続される前記外部メモリの信号電圧が、前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の信号電圧と、少なくとも一部分で異なることを特徴としたLSI。 - 請求項10に記載のLSIを搭載した電子装置において、
前記第一系統における外部メモリの配置と、前記第二系統における外部メモリの配置とは、LSIが搭載される電子回路基板上において、当該LSIを中心としておおよそ対角の位置になっていることを特徴とした電子装置。 - プロセッサ及び外部インタフェース回路を含む第一系統の処理装置と、前記第一系統の処理装置と同一のプロセッサ及び外部インタフェース回路を含む第二系統の処理装置と、を1つのLSIチップ内に備え、
前記2系統の処理結果を比較する前記2系統に属さない共通系の比較装置と、
前記2系統に属さない共通系の外部インタフェース回路と、を有し、
前記比較装置は、前記2系統の処理装置が同一の動作をしている場合に正常、前記2系統の処理装置が異なる動作をした場合に異常、を示す判別信号を出力するバス比較器を有し、
前記第一系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンと、前記第二系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンと、の間に前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンが配置され、前記第一系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンの配置領域と、前記第二系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンの配置領域と、が隔てて配置されることを特徴とする鉄道用フェールセーフLSI。 - 請求項13に記載の鉄道用フェールセーフLSIにおいて、
前記第一系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンの配置領域と、対応する前記第二系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンの配置領域とは、LSIパッケージの中心点に対しそれぞれおおよそ対角の位置に配置されることを特徴とする鉄道用フェールセーフLSI。 - 請求項14に記載の鉄道用フェールセーフLSIにおいて、
前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路を2つ以上有し、前記共通系の2つ以上の外部インタフェース回路の入出力信号ピンは、LSIパッケージ上の中心点に対し、それぞれおおよそ対角の位置に配置されたことを特徴とする鉄道用フェールセーフLSI。 - 請求項15に記載の鉄道用フェールセーフLSIにおいて、
LSIチップに搭載される前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力パッドは、パッケージ内のLSIチップの中心点に対しそれぞれおおよそ対角の位置に配置され、
前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力パッドが互いに隔てて配置されるように、LSIチップに搭載される前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の入出力パッドは、前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路の入出力パッドの間に配置され、
LSIチップ内の論理回路実装領域において、前記第一系統のプロセッサ及び外部インタフェース回路を実装した領域と前記第二系統のプロセッサ及び外部インタフェース回路を実装した領域の間に、前記比較装置及び前記共通系のインタフェース回路を実装した領域を、前記第一系統の領域と前記第二系統の領域が隣接しないように配置したことを特徴とする鉄道用フェールセーフLSI。 - 請求項16に記載の鉄道用フェールセーフLSIにおいて、
前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路に接続される外部装置には外部メモリが含まれており、
前記2系統の外部インタフェース回路に接続される前記外部メモリの信号電圧が、前記共通系の外部インタフェース回路の信号電圧と、少なくとも一部分で異なることを特徴とした鉄道用フェールセーフLSI。 - 請求項17に記載の鉄道用フェールセーフLSIを搭載した鉄道用電子装置において、
前記第一系統における外部メモリの配置と、前記第二系統における外部メモリの配置とは、LSIが搭載される電子回路基板上において、当該LSIを中心としておおよそ対角の位置になっていることを特徴とした鉄道用電子装置。 - 請求項17に記載の鉄道用フェールセーフLSIにおいて、
前記比較装置は、前記2系統の処理装置からそれぞれ出力される信号が一致している場合は、一致した前記処理装置からの信号を出力し、一致していない場合は、前記処理装置からの信号を出力しない二重化制御回路と、を有し、
前記2系統の処理装置からそれぞれ出力される信号が一致している場合に、一致した前記処理装置からの信号を前記二重化制御回路より受信し、当該信号を前記共通系の複数の外部インタフェース回路へ出力する共通系内部バス制御回路を有することを特徴とする鉄道用フェールセーフLSI。 - 請求項19に記載の鉄道用フェールセーフLSIにおいて、
前記二重化制御回路は、前記共通系内部バス制御回路からの信号を前記2系統の処理装置へ出力する伝送手段を備えることを特徴とする鉄道用フェールセーフLSI。 - プロセッサ、外部インタフェース回路及びこれらを接続する内部バスを含む第一系統の処理装置と、プロセッサ、外部インタフェース回路及びこれらを接続する内部バスを含む第二系統の処理装置と、前記第一及び第二系統の処理装置の内部バスの対応する信号を比較し、該比較結果の一致・不一致をもって処理装置の正常異常有無を判別する正常異常判別信号を出力する比較装置を1つのLSIチップ内に備えたフェールセーフ機能を有したLSIにおいて、
前記第一系統の処理装置が実装され、該処理装置の信号ピンや基板部品が配置される第一の領域と前記第二系統の処理装置が実装され、該処理装置の信号ピンや基板部品が配置される第二の領域とを分離する共通系領域を設け、前記第一系統の処理装置と前記第二系統の処理装置の信号ピンを離すように配置可能とし、
前記共通系領域に前記比較装置と、該比較装置の出力を受ける共通系内部バスと、外部装置の前記共通系内部バスへの接続を可能とする外部インタフェース回路を設けた
ことを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項21に記載されたLSIにおいて、前記比較装置は、前記第一系統及び前記第二系統の両処理装置の内部バスの対応する信号を比較し、該比較結果の一致・不一致をもって処理装置の正常異常有無を判別する正常異常判別信号を出力する比較回路、該比較回路の出力を受けて前記正常判別信号を出力する交番信号発生器、該比較回路の比較結果が一致のとき、前記第一系統の処理装置の内部バスから出力される信号を前記共通系内部バスに出力し、また前記共通系内部バスから出力される信号を前記第一系統の内部バス及び前記第二系統の内部バスに送る二重化制御回路を含む
ことを特徴とするLSI。 - 請求項21のLSI及び前記共通系領域の外部インタフェース回路に接続される外部装置が搭載された鉄道用電子装置。
- 請求項21に記載されたLSIにおいて、さらに前記第一及び前記第二系統の処理装置に汎用入出力回路を設け、また前記共通系統に汎用入出力回路、前記第一及び第二系統に配置の汎用入出力回路と前記共通系統に配置の汎用入出力回路との一方を選択して外部と接続するピン機能セレクタを備えたことを特徴とするLSI。
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JPS63271540A (ja) * | 1987-04-28 | 1988-11-09 | Railway Technical Res Inst | フエイルセイフ形コンピユ−タ装置 |
JPH07295844A (ja) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-10 | Hitachi Ltd | フェイルセーフ制御装置及び列車制御装置 |
JP2001249701A (ja) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-14 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | 2重化情報処理装置 |
JP2002135963A (ja) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-05-10 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | 保護継電装置 |
JP2005049967A (ja) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-24 | Toshiba Corp | フェイルセーフプロセッサ及び鉄道用保安制御装置 |
JP2005123591A (ja) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-05-12 | Rohm Co Ltd | 半導体装置及びこれを実装した電子機器 |
JP2006031727A (ja) * | 2005-08-17 | 2006-02-02 | Hitachi Ltd | フェールセーフコントローラ |
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JPS63271540A (ja) * | 1987-04-28 | 1988-11-09 | Railway Technical Res Inst | フエイルセイフ形コンピユ−タ装置 |
JPH07295844A (ja) * | 1994-04-28 | 1995-11-10 | Hitachi Ltd | フェイルセーフ制御装置及び列車制御装置 |
JP2001249701A (ja) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-14 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | 2重化情報処理装置 |
JP2002135963A (ja) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-05-10 | Nissin Electric Co Ltd | 保護継電装置 |
JP2005049967A (ja) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-02-24 | Toshiba Corp | フェイルセーフプロセッサ及び鉄道用保安制御装置 |
JP2005123591A (ja) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-05-12 | Rohm Co Ltd | 半導体装置及びこれを実装した電子機器 |
JP2006031727A (ja) * | 2005-08-17 | 2006-02-02 | Hitachi Ltd | フェールセーフコントローラ |
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