WO2011076802A1 - Objet pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un elastomere thermoplastique styrenique et d'un polyphenylene ether - Google Patents
Objet pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un elastomere thermoplastique styrenique et d'un polyphenylene ether Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011076802A1 WO2011076802A1 PCT/EP2010/070406 EP2010070406W WO2011076802A1 WO 2011076802 A1 WO2011076802 A1 WO 2011076802A1 EP 2010070406 W EP2010070406 W EP 2010070406W WO 2011076802 A1 WO2011076802 A1 WO 2011076802A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- poly
- phenylene ether
- pneumatic object
- styrene
- elastomer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C5/00—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes
- B60C5/12—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes without separate inflatable inserts, e.g. tubeless tyres with transverse section open to the rim
- B60C5/14—Inflatable pneumatic tyres or inner tubes without separate inflatable inserts, e.g. tubeless tyres with transverse section open to the rim with impervious liner or coating on the inner wall of the tyre
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C08L53/025—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L71/00—Compositions of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L71/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08L71/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
- C08L71/12—Polyphenylene oxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
- Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
- Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1372—Randomly noninterengaged or randomly contacting fibers, filaments, particles, or flakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1379—Contains vapor or gas barrier, polymer derived from vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride, or polymer containing a vinyl alcohol unit
Definitions
- the TPS elastomer Compared with a butyl rubber, the TPS elastomer has the major advantage, because of its thermoplastic nature, to be worked as is in the molten state (liquid), and therefore to offer a possibility of simplified implementation.
- such a block copolymer is a diblock copolymer styrene / isobutylene (abbreviated "SIB").
- SIB diblock copolymer styrene / isobutylene
- such a block copolymer is a styrene / isobutylene / styrene triblock copolymer (abbreviated as "SIBS").
- TPSI elastomers are commercially available, sold for example with respect to SIB and SIBS by KANEKA under the name "SIBSTAR" (eg "Sibstar 103T", “Sibstar 102T”, “Sibstar 073T” or “Sibstar 072T “for SIBS,” Sibstar 042D “for SIBs). For example, they have been described, as well as their synthesis, in patent documents EP 731 112, US Pat. No. 4,946,899 and US Pat. No. 5,260,383. They were first developed for biomedical applications and then described in various applications specific to elastomers. TPSI, as varied as medical equipment, parts for automobiles or household appliances, sleeves for electric wires, sealing pieces or elastics (see for example EP 1 431 343, EP 1 561 783, EP 1 566 405, WO 2005/103146) .
- the EPP used here has a glass transition temperature (noted hereinafter Tg) which is greater than 150 ° C, more preferably greater than 180 ° C.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Mn number-average molecular weight
- Mn number-average molecular mass
- SEC steric exclusion chromatography
- any extension oil preferably of a slightly polar nature, capable of extending and plasticizing elastomers, especially thermoplastics, may be used. At room temperature (23 ° C), these oils, more or less viscous, are liquids (that is to say, as a reminder, substances having the ability to eventually take the shape of their container), as opposed in particular to resins or rubbers which are inherently solid.
- the extender oil is chosen from the group consisting of polyolefinic oils (that is to say derived from the polymerization of olefins, monoolefins or diolefins), paraffinic oils, naphthenic oils (low or high viscosity), aromatic oils, mineral oils, and mixtures of these oils.
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) of the extender oil is determined by SEC, the sample being solubilized beforehand in tetrahydrofuran at a concentration of approximately 1 g / l; then the solution is filtered on 0.45 ⁇ porosity filter before injection.
- the equipment is the "WATERS alliance" chromatographic chain.
- the elution solvent is tetrahydrofuran, the flow rate is 1 ml / min, the temperature of the system is 35 ° C. and the analysis time is 30 minutes.
- the injected volume of the solution of the polymer sample is 100 ⁇ .
- L L / E
- L the length (or greater dimension)
- E the average thickness of these lamellar fillers, these averages being calculated in number. Form ratios of tens or even hundreds are common.
- Their average length is preferably greater than 1 ⁇ (that is to say that it is then micrometric said lamellar charges), typically between a few ⁇ (for example 5 ⁇ ) and a few hundred ⁇ (by example 500 or 800 ⁇ ).
- lamellar fillers with a low surface energy that is to say relatively apolar, such as those chosen from the group consisting of graphites, talcs, micas and mixtures of such fillers, are used.
- the latter may or may not be modified, more preferably still in the group consisting of graphites, talcs and mixtures of such fillers.
- the graphites can be mentioned including natural graphites, expanded graphites or synthetic graphites.
- the airtight layer or composition described above may also include the various additives usually present in the airtight layers known to those skilled in the art.
- reinforcing fillers such as carbon black or silica
- coloring agents that can be advantageously used for coloring the composition
- plasticizers other than oils may be mentioned.
- the single appended figure shows very schematically (without respecting a specific scale), a radial section of a tire according to the invention.
- This tire 1 has a top 2 reinforced by a crown reinforcement or belt 6, two sidewalls 3 and two beads 4, each of these beads 4 being reinforced with a rod 5.
- the top 2 is surmounted by a band bearing not shown in this schematic figure.
- a carcass reinforcement 7 is wound around the two rods 5 in each bead 4, the upturn 8 of this armature 7 being for example disposed towards the outside of the tire 1 which is shown here mounted on its rim 9.
- DMA Q800 dynamic mechanical analyzer
- DMA Q800 dynamic mechanical analyzer
- a permeameter with rigid walls placed in an oven (temperature of 60 ° C. in the present case), equipped with a relative pressure sensor (calibrated in the range of 0 to 6 bars) was used. ) and connected to a tube equipped with an inflation valve.
- the permeameter can receive standard specimens in the form of a disc (for example 65 mm diameter in this case) and a uniform thickness of up to 1.5 mm (0.5 mm in this case).
- the pressure sensor is connected to a card National Instruments data acquisition system (acquisition of four 0-10 V analogue channels) which is connected to a computer performing a continuous acquisition with a frequency of 0.5 Hz (1 point every two seconds).
- This table shows that the fact of using 50% by weight of Xyron S202A with respect to the styrene content of the SIBS makes it possible to improve the softening temperature by 15% and therefore the thermal resistance.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112012015403A BR112012015403A2 (pt) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-21 | objeto pneumático provido de uma camada impermeável cheia de gás, a base de elastômero termoplástico estirênico e de éter polifenileno |
US13/518,093 US9399711B2 (en) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-21 | Pneumatic object provided with a gas-tight layer comprising a styrene thermoplastic elastomer and a polyphenylene ether |
CN201080058605.6A CN102686666B (zh) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-21 | 带有包括苯乙烯热塑性弹性体和聚苯醚的气密层的可充气制品 |
RU2012131331/04A RU2558142C2 (ru) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-21 | Пневматический объект, снабженный газонепроницаемым слоем на основе стирольного термоэластопласта и простого полифениленового эфира |
JP2012545297A JP5657692B2 (ja) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-21 | スチレン熱可塑性エラストマー及びポリフェニレンエーテルを含む気密層を備えた空気圧物品 |
EP10803081.8A EP2516549B1 (fr) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-21 | Bandage pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un elastomere thermoplastique styrenique et d'un polyphenylene ether |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0959519 | 2009-12-23 | ||
FR0959519A FR2954336B1 (fr) | 2009-12-23 | 2009-12-23 | Objet pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un elastomere thermoplastique styrenique et d'un polyphenylene ether |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011076802A1 true WO2011076802A1 (fr) | 2011-06-30 |
Family
ID=42029948
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2010/070406 WO2011076802A1 (fr) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-21 | Objet pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un elastomere thermoplastique styrenique et d'un polyphenylene ether |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9399711B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2516549B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5657692B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20120102794A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102686666B (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112012015403A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2954336B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2558142C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011076802A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8557937B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-10-15 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Rubber composition, method for its formation, and automotive tire containing the composition |
Families Citing this family (18)
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---|---|---|---|---|
FR2959234B1 (fr) | 2010-04-21 | 2013-09-27 | Michelin Soc Tech | Objet pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un elastomere thermoplastique et d'une resine hydrocarbonee. |
FR2959963B1 (fr) | 2010-05-12 | 2015-04-24 | Michelin Soc Tech | Objet pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un elastomere thermoplastique et d'un thermoplastique |
FR2960879B1 (fr) | 2010-06-02 | 2012-07-13 | Michelin Soc Tech | Procede d'obtention d'une composition de caoutchouc comprenant une charge thermoplastique |
FR2961818B1 (fr) | 2010-06-23 | 2012-07-20 | Michelin Soc Tech | Composition de caoutchouc comprenant une charge thermoplastique et un agent compatibilisant |
FR2971188B1 (fr) | 2011-02-03 | 2013-03-08 | Michelin Soc Tech | Renfort composite gaine d'une couche de polymere auto-adherente au caoutchouc |
FR2975044B1 (fr) | 2011-05-12 | 2013-06-14 | Michelin Soc Tech | Pneumatique pourvu d'une bande de roulement comprenant un elastomere thermoplastique |
JP6062685B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-28 | 2017-01-18 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | 空気入りタイヤの製造方法 |
FR2995559B1 (fr) | 2012-09-17 | 2014-09-05 | Michelin & Cie | Pneumatique pourvu d'une bande de roulement comprenant un elastomere thermoplastique et du noir de carbone |
FR3015505B1 (fr) | 2013-12-20 | 2016-01-01 | Michelin & Cie | Composition de caoutchouc comprenant une resine de polyphenylene ether comme plastifiant |
FR3015504B1 (fr) | 2013-12-20 | 2016-01-01 | Michelin & Cie | Composition de caoutchouc comprenant une resine de polyphenylene ether comme plastifiant |
JP2015202752A (ja) * | 2014-04-14 | 2015-11-16 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | タイヤインナーライナー用シート及びタイヤ |
JP2016055715A (ja) * | 2014-09-08 | 2016-04-21 | 住友ベークライト株式会社 | タイヤインナーライナー用シート及びタイヤ |
FR3030558B1 (fr) * | 2014-12-19 | 2016-12-23 | Michelin & Cie | Pneumatique pret a recevoir un organe a sa surface |
CN107207803B (zh) * | 2015-02-04 | 2020-07-17 | 株式会社普利司通 | 轮胎 |
FR3039785A1 (fr) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-10 | Michelin & Cie | Stratifie multicouche utilisable comme couche etanche de pneumatique |
EP3541612B1 (fr) | 2016-11-17 | 2023-09-06 | Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, LLC | Pneumatiques avec couches barrières à l'air appliquées |
CN113861667A (zh) * | 2020-10-29 | 2021-12-31 | 舒莱思化学公司 | 热塑性弹性组合物及其作为鞋底材料的用途 |
CN114149678B (zh) * | 2022-01-10 | 2023-10-10 | 南亚新材料科技股份有限公司 | 热固性树脂组合物、增强材料、覆金属层压板及其应用 |
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US4946899A (en) | 1988-12-16 | 1990-08-07 | The University Of Akron | Thermoplastic elastomers of isobutylene and process of preparation |
US5260383A (en) | 1991-04-17 | 1993-11-09 | Polysar Rubber Corporation | Polyisobutylene based block copolymers |
EP0572667A1 (fr) * | 1991-02-19 | 1993-12-08 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Composition de resine thermoplastique |
EP0731112A2 (fr) | 1995-03-08 | 1996-09-11 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Polymère à base d'isopropylène et procédé de sa préparation |
US20020155238A1 (en) * | 1997-01-10 | 2002-10-24 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Resin composition and usage thereof |
EP1431343A1 (fr) | 2001-09-25 | 2004-06-23 | Bridgestone Corporation | Composition de resine et element comprenant cette composition de resine |
US20040194863A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2004-10-07 | Grah Michael D. | Tire with improved inner liner |
EP1561783A1 (fr) | 2002-11-11 | 2005-08-10 | Kaneka Corporation | Composition elastomere thermoplastique |
EP1566405A1 (fr) | 2004-02-20 | 2005-08-24 | Riken Technos Corporation | Composition d'élastomères thermoplastique |
WO2005103146A1 (fr) | 2004-04-22 | 2005-11-03 | Bridgestone Corporation | Composition de résine et procédé de fabrication de celle-ci |
WO2006047509A2 (fr) | 2004-10-22 | 2006-05-04 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Couche barriere pour articles elastomeres |
WO2008145277A1 (fr) | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-04 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Objet pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un elastomere thermoplastique et d'une huile polybutene |
EP2006328A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-13 | 2008-12-24 | Kaneka Corporation | Composition pour bouchons en caoutchouc et bouchons en caoutchouc pour un usage medical |
EP2072219A1 (fr) | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-24 | Société de Technologie MICHELIN | Dispositif et procédé de préparation d'un profilé d'un gel thermoplastique élastomère |
WO2009123611A1 (fr) * | 2008-03-31 | 2009-10-08 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Pneu ayant une résistance à l'ozone améliorée |
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FR2954335B1 (fr) | 2009-12-23 | 2013-01-11 | Michelin Soc Tech | Objet pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un melange d'un elastomere thermoplastique et d'un caoutchouc butyl partiellement reticule |
FR2962368B1 (fr) | 2010-07-09 | 2012-08-31 | Michelin Soc Tech | Objet pneumatique pourvu d'une couche etanche aux gaz a base d'un melange d'un caoutchouc butyl et d'un elastomere thermoplastique |
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2009
- 2009-12-23 FR FR0959519A patent/FR2954336B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-12-21 CN CN201080058605.6A patent/CN102686666B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-21 JP JP2012545297A patent/JP5657692B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-21 WO PCT/EP2010/070406 patent/WO2011076802A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2010-12-21 BR BR112012015403A patent/BR112012015403A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-12-21 US US13/518,093 patent/US9399711B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-12-21 KR KR1020127019251A patent/KR20120102794A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-12-21 EP EP10803081.8A patent/EP2516549B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-12-21 RU RU2012131331/04A patent/RU2558142C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4946899A (en) | 1988-12-16 | 1990-08-07 | The University Of Akron | Thermoplastic elastomers of isobutylene and process of preparation |
EP0572667A1 (fr) * | 1991-02-19 | 1993-12-08 | Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd. | Composition de resine thermoplastique |
US5260383A (en) | 1991-04-17 | 1993-11-09 | Polysar Rubber Corporation | Polyisobutylene based block copolymers |
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US8557937B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-10-15 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Rubber composition, method for its formation, and automotive tire containing the composition |
WO2013169293A1 (fr) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-14 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Composition de caoutchouc, procédé pour sa formation et pneumatique pour automobile contenant la composition |
US8674004B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2014-03-18 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Rubber composition, method for its formation, and automotive tire containing the composition |
US8921462B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2014-12-30 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Rubber composition, method for its formation, and automotive tire containing the composition |
CN104284939A (zh) * | 2012-05-09 | 2015-01-14 | 沙特基础创新塑料Ip私人有限责任公司 | 橡胶组合物、用于其形成的方法以及包含该组合物的汽车轮胎 |
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JP5657692B2 (ja) | 2015-01-21 |
CN102686666A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
CN102686666B (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
US9399711B2 (en) | 2016-07-26 |
RU2012131331A (ru) | 2014-01-27 |
EP2516549B1 (fr) | 2018-11-07 |
KR20120102794A (ko) | 2012-09-18 |
RU2558142C2 (ru) | 2015-07-27 |
EP2516549A1 (fr) | 2012-10-31 |
FR2954336A1 (fr) | 2011-06-24 |
BR112012015403A2 (pt) | 2016-03-15 |
JP2013515801A (ja) | 2013-05-09 |
FR2954336B1 (fr) | 2013-01-04 |
US20120285597A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
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