WO2011074210A1 - 帯電部材、プロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置 - Google Patents
帯電部材、プロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011074210A1 WO2011074210A1 PCT/JP2010/007136 JP2010007136W WO2011074210A1 WO 2011074210 A1 WO2011074210 A1 WO 2011074210A1 JP 2010007136 W JP2010007136 W JP 2010007136W WO 2011074210 A1 WO2011074210 A1 WO 2011074210A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
- G03G15/0208—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus
- G03G15/0216—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus by bringing a charging member into contact with the member to be charged, e.g. roller, brush chargers
- G03G15/0233—Structure, details of the charging member, e.g. chemical composition, surface properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/02—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitising; Corona discharge devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C13/00—Rolls, drums, discs, or the like; Bearings or mountings therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charging member, a process cartridge, and an electrophotographic apparatus used in an electrophotographic apparatus.
- a roller-shaped charging member for contacting the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and charging the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is generally made of resin.
- An elastic layer is included.
- Such a charging roller can secure a sufficient nip width with the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and as a result, the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be charged efficiently and uniformly.
- the elastic layer contains a low molecular weight component of a plasticizer or a resin for softening. Therefore, the low molecular weight component may ooze out on the surface of the charging roller after long-term use.
- Patent Document 1 has a conductive property in which the surface is covered with a breathing prevention layer formed of an inorganic oxide film formed by a sol-gel method, and low molecular weight components are prevented from bleeding into the surface.
- a roll substrate is disclosed.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a charging member that has little change in charging performance with time even after long-term use.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus that can stably form a high-quality electrophotographic image.
- the charging member according to the present invention is a charging member having a support, a conductive elastic layer, and a surface layer in this order, and the surface layer includes polysiloxane and silsesquioxane
- the polysiloxane includes a first unit represented by SiO 0.5 R 1 (OR 2 ) (OR 3 ), a second unit represented by SiO 1.0 R 4 (OR 5 ), and a third unit represented by SiO 1.5 R 6 .
- the silsesquioxane is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the following compounds (1) to (6):
- R 1 , R 4 and R 6 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group
- R 2 , R 3 and R 5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted group. Or an unsubstituted alkyl group is shown.
- R 101 to R 616 are each independently at least one selected from an unsubstituted alkyl group, a fluorinated alkyl group, an unsubstituted aryl group, or a group represented by the following formula (7).
- R 101 to R 616 are each independently at least one selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a group represented by the following formula (7). It is.
- X, Y and Z are each independently at least one selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and m is an integer of 1 to 20) ).
- an electrophotographic apparatus includes the above-described charging member and an electrophotographic photosensitive member disposed in contact with the charging member.
- the process cartridge according to the present invention integrally holds the charging member described above and at least one member selected from an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a developing unit, a transfer unit, and a cleaning unit, and is detachable from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus. It is comprised so that attachment to can be carried out.
- the present invention it is possible to obtain a charging member excellent in durability in which charging performance hardly changes even after long-term use.
- the surface layer of the charging member according to the present invention is formed by filling the gaps of the polysiloxane according to the present invention with the silsesquioxane according to the compounds (1) to (6) at the molecular level. This is thought to be due to reinforcement. As a result, it is considered that the surface layer can maintain a uniform mechanical strength and is less likely to be worn by friction with the electrophotographic photosensitive member during contact charging.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge according to the present invention.
- the charging member according to the present invention is a charging member having a support, a conductive elastic layer, and a surface layer in this order, and the surface layer includes polysiloxane and silsesquioxane.
- the polysiloxane is composed of a first unit represented by SiO 0.5 R 1 (OR 2 ) (OR 3 ), a second unit represented by SiO 1.0 R 4 (OR 5 ), and a third unit represented by SiO 1.5 R 6 .
- R 1 , R 4 and R 6 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. Examples of the unsubstituted alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a hexyl group, and a decyl group.
- Examples of the substituted alkyl group include a fluorinated alkyl group and a glycidoxypropyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom of the above-described alkyl group is substituted with a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Moreover, a phenyl group is mentioned as an unsubstituted aryl group. Further, examples of the substituted aryl group include a pentafluorophenyl group and a 4-perfluorotolyl group.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- Examples of the unsubstituted alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a hexyl group, and a decyl group. Further, examples of the substituted alkyl include a 2-methoxyethyl group and an acetyl group.
- first unit represented by SiO 0.5 R 1 (OR 2 ) (OR 3 ) means a range A1 surrounded by a square of polysiloxane as shown in the following formula (i). To do. In the range A1, an oxygen atom that is not an oxygen atom of the alkoxy group (O of Si—O—Si) is bonded to two silicon atoms, so that an oxygen atom bonded per one silicon atom ( The number of O) in Si—O—Si is considered to be 0.5.
- the “second unit represented by SiO 1.0 R 4 (OR 5 )” is the same as the “first unit represented by SiO 0.5 R 1 (OR 2 ) (OR 3 )”, and specifically, Means a range A2 surrounded by a square of polysiloxane as shown in the following formula (ii).
- the polysiloxane preferably has at least one group selected from the group consisting of a substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted aryl group, and an unsubstituted aryl group.
- the surface layer of the charging member containing the polysiloxane according to the present invention can be obtained, for example, through the following steps (I) to (III).
- step (I) a condensation step of condensing a hydrolyzable silane compound and a hydrolyzable silane compound having a cationically polymerizable group by hydrolysis;
- step (II) a mixing step of adding silsesquioxane represented by compounds (1) to (6) to the hydrolyzable condensate obtained in step (I),
- step (III) A crosslinking step in which the mixture obtained in step (II) is crosslinked and cured by cleaving a cationically polymerizable group.
- the amount of water used for hydrolysis in the condensation step of the step (I) is preferably in the range of 20 to 50% by mass with respect to the total amount of hydrolyzable silane compound used in the step (I).
- the hydrolyzable silane compound is preferably a hydrolyzable silane compound having at least one group selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups. Among these, a hydrolyzable silane compound having an aryl group having a structure represented by the following formula (8) is more preferable.
- R 11 and R 12 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group
- Ar 11 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group
- a is an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less.
- Examples of the substituted alkyl group include a fluorinated alkyl group, and examples of the unsubstituted alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, hexyl, and decyl.
- the alkyl group represented by R 11 and R 12 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group.
- the aryl group Ar 11 in the formula (8) is preferably a phenyl group. When a in the formula (8) is 2, two R 11 may be the same or different. When b in the formula (8) is 2 or 3, two or three R 12 may be the same or different.
- Specific examples of the hydrolyzable silane compound having an aryl group represented by the formula (8) are shown below.
- the hydrolyzable silane compound having an aryl group may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- hydrolyzable silane compound having a group capable of cationic polymerization a hydrolyzable silane compound having a structure represented by the following formula (9) is preferable.
- R 21 and R 22 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group
- Z 21 represents a divalent organic group
- Rc 21 forms an oxyalkylene group by cleavage.
- a group capable of cationic polymerization d is an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less
- e is an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less
- d + e 3.
- Rc 21 examples include a cyclic ether group such as a glycidoxy group, an epoxy group, and an oxetane group, or a vinyl ether group.
- a glycidoxy group or an epoxy group is preferable from the viewpoint of availability and reaction control.
- the oxyalkylene group is a divalent group having a structure represented by —O—R— (—R—: alkylene group) (sometimes referred to as “alkylene ether group”).
- Examples of the substituted alkyl group represented by R 21 and R 22 in the formula (9) include a fluorinated alkyl group, and examples of the unsubstituted alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, hexyl, decyl and the like. Among them, R 21 and R 22 are preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- Examples of the divalent organic group Z 21 in the formula (9) include an alkylene group and an arylene group.
- an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable, and an ethylene group and a propylene group are more preferable.
- e in the formula (9) is preferably 3.
- two R 21 may be the same or different.
- e in the formula (9) is 2 or 3
- two or three R 22 may be the same or different.
- Specific examples of the hydrolyzable silane compound having the structure represented by the formula (9) are shown below.
- the hydrolyzable silane compound having a cationically polymerizable group may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resulting polysiloxane is a polysiloxane having a fluorinated alkyl group (perfluoroalkyl group).
- R 31 and R 32 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group
- Z 31 represents a divalent organic group
- Rf 31 has 1 to 11 carbon atoms.
- a fluorinated alkyl group is shown.
- f is an integer of 0 to 2
- g is an integer of 1 to 3
- f + g 3.
- examples of the substituted alkyl group include a fluorinated alkyl group
- examples of the unsubstituted alkyl group include methyl, ethyl, propyl, hexyl, decyl, and the like.
- the alkyl group represented by R 31 and R 32 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a branched alkyl group, and more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- the divalent organic group Z 31 in the formula (10) in, for example, alkylene groups or arylene groups. Among these, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable, and an ethylene group is more preferable.
- the fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms of Rf 31 in the formula (10) is particularly preferably a linear fluorinated alkyl group having 6 to 11 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of processability.
- G in the formula (10) is preferably 3.
- the equation (10) if f is 2 in, the two R 31 may be the same or may be different.
- g in the formula (10) is 2 or 3
- two or three R 32 may be the same or different.
- Specific examples of the hydrolyzable silane compound having the structure represented by the formula (10) are shown below.
- R in the following (10-1) to (10-6) represents a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- the hydrolyzable silane compound having a fluorinated alkyl group may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a hydrolyzable silane other than the above hydrolyzable silane compound may be further used in the step (I).
- the hydrolyzable silane other than the above hydrolyzable silane compound include a hydrolyzable silane compound having a structure represented by the following formula (11).
- R 41 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group.
- R 42 represents a saturated or unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon group.
- H is an integer of 0 to 3
- R 41 in the formula (11) is preferably an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 21 carbon atoms.
- h is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, and more preferably 1.
- k is preferably an integer of 1 to 3, more preferably 3.
- hydrolyzable silane compound having the structure represented by the formula (11) may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples of the hydrolyzable silane compound having the structure represented by the formula (11) are shown below.
- the surface layer according to the present invention includes silsesquioxane having a specific chemical structure together with the above-described polysiloxane. Specifically, it includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the following compounds (1) to (6).
- R 101 to R 616 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and a group represented by the following formula (7). At least one selected.
- X, Y and Z are each independently at least one selected from a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and m is an integer in the range of 1 to 20 It is.
- R 101 to R 616 are each independently at least one selected from an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a group represented by the formula (7). It is preferable that Thereby, the solubility of silsesquioxane with respect to polysiloxane can be improved.
- any substituent selected from R 101 to R 616 is the above formula (7)
- X and Y are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and Z is 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- m is preferably 1. Since the difference in surface tension between polysiloxane and silsesquioxane can be reduced, the compatibility between the two can be improved.
- the substituted alkyl group in R 101 to R 616 include a fluorinated alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom of an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is substituted with a fluorine atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrogen atom.
- R 201 to R 208 are a combination of a branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a group represented by the formula (7), and all of R 201 to R 208 being the same group. preferable.
- R 201 to R 208 are groups represented by the above formula (7)
- X and Y in the formula (7) are linear alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- Z is a cyclohexane.
- An ethyl group modified with an alkenyl group (eg, 3-cyclohexen-1-yl) is preferable. Since the number of Si atoms constituting the silsesquioxane is not excessively large, it is preferably buried in the gaps in the polysiloxane network structure, and the mechanical strength of the surface layer film can be improved uniformly.
- the standard of the content of silsesquioxane with respect to the polysiloxane is 1.0 mol or more and 50.0 mol or less, particularly 10.0 mol or more and 30.0 mol or less of silsesquioxane with respect to 100 mol of the polysiloxane. .
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a charging roller, which is an example of the charging member of the present invention, on a plane perpendicular to the axial direction.
- 101 is a support
- 102 is a conductive elastic layer
- 103 is a surface layer.
- the charging member includes a conductive elastic layer 102 between the support 101 and the surface layer 103, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the provided structure is preferable.
- the charging member includes the support 101, the conductive elastic layer 102 formed on the support 101, and the surface layer 103 formed on the conductive elastic layer 102.
- One or more other layers may be provided between the support 101 and the conductive elastic layer 102 or between the conductive elastic layer 102 and the surface layer 103.
- a charging member having a support, a conductive elastic layer formed on the support, and a surface layer formed on the conductive elastic layer will be described as an example.
- a support for the charging member a support made of a metal (made of alloy) such as iron, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or nickel can be used.
- one or more elastic bodies such as rubber and thermoplastic elastomer used for the conventional elastic layer (conductive elastic layer) of the charging member can be used.
- rubber are given below. Urethane rubber, silicone rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, polynorbornene rubber, styrene-butadiene-styrene rubber, acrylonitrile rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber or alkyl ether rubber.
- thermoplastic elastomer examples include styrene elastomers and olefin elastomers.
- examples of commercially available styrene elastomers include “Lavalon” (trade name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), “Septon Compound” (trade name, manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- examples of commercially available olefin elastomers include “Thermolan” (trade name, manufactured by Ryo Chemicals Co., Ltd.), “Milastomer” (trade name, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.), “Sumitomo TPE” (trade name, Sumitomo). Chemical Co., Ltd.) or “Sant Plain” (trade name, manufactured by Advanced Elastomer Systems Co., Ltd.).
- the electroconductivity can be set to a predetermined value by appropriately using a conductive agent in the conductive elastic layer.
- the electrical resistance of the conductive elastic layer can be adjusted by appropriately selecting the type and amount of the conductive agent.
- the preferred range of the electrical resistance is 10 2 to 10 8 ⁇ , and the more preferred range is 10 3 to 10 6 ⁇ .
- Examples of the conductive agent used in the conductive elastic layer include a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, an antistatic agent, and an electrolyte.
- Examples of the cationic surfactant include quaternary ammonium salts. Specific examples of the quaternary ammonium ion of the quaternary ammonium salt include lauryltrimethylammonium ion and stearyltrimethylammonium ion. Specific examples of counter ions of quaternary ammonium ions include halide ions and perchlorate ions. Specific examples of the anionic surfactant include aliphatic sulfonates and higher alcohol sulfates.
- antistatic agent examples include nonionic antistatic agents such as higher alcohol ethylene oxide and polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester.
- examples of the electrolyte include salts of metals of Group 1 of the periodic table (Li, Na, K, etc.), specifically, salts of metals of Group 1 of the periodic table (LiCF 3 SO 3 , NaClO 4, etc.). Is mentioned.
- Examples of the conductive agent include salts (such as Ca (ClO 4 ) 2 ) of metals of the second group of the periodic table (Ca, Ba, etc.).
- Conductive agents such as conductive carbon black, graphite, metal oxides (tin oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, etc.), metals (nickel, copper, silver, germanium, etc.), conductive polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole, polyacetylene) Etc.) can also be used.
- An inorganic or organic filler or a crosslinking agent may be added to the conductive elastic layer.
- the filler include silica (white carbon), calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, clay, talc, bentonite, zeolite, alumina, barium sulfate, and aluminum sulfate.
- the crosslinking agent include sulfur, peroxide, crosslinking aid, crosslinking accelerator, crosslinking acceleration aid, crosslinking retarder and the like.
- the hardness of the conductive elastic layer is preferably 70 degrees or more in terms of Asker C hardness from the viewpoint of suppressing deformation of the charging member when the charging member and the electrophotographic photosensitive member that is a charged body are brought into contact with each other.
- the angle is more preferably 73 degrees or more.
- the Asker C hardness was measured under the condition of a load of 1000 g by bringing a pusher of an Asker C type hardness meter (manufactured by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.) into contact with the surface of the object to be measured.
- hydrolysis is performed by hydrolyzing a hydrolyzable silane compound, a hydrolyzable silane compound having a cationically polymerizable group, and, if necessary, the other hydrolyzable silane compound in the presence of water.
- a functional condensate is obtained (step I).
- a hydrolyzable condensate having a desired degree of condensation can be obtained by controlling temperature, pH and the like.
- the degree of condensation may be controlled by using a metal alkoxide or the like as a catalyst for the hydrolysis reaction.
- a metal alkoxide or the like examples include aluminum alkoxide, titanium alkoxide, zirconium alkoxide, and the like, or complexes thereof (acetylacetone complex and the like).
- the amount of water used for hydrolysis in the condensation step of the step (I) is preferably in the range of 20 to 50% by mass with respect to the total amount of hydrolyzable silane compound used in the step (I).
- hydrolyzable silane compound it is preferable to use a hydrolyzable silane compound having at least one group selected from substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups.
- a hydrolyzable silane compound having an aryl group having the structure represented by the formula (8) is more preferable.
- each group which the polysiloxane obtained by opening a group capable of cationic polymerization in the step (III) has the following range with respect to the total mass of the polysiloxane.
- ⁇ Aryl group content 2 mass% to 30 mass%
- Alkyl group content 2 mass% to 30 mass%
- Oxyalkylene group content 5 mass% to 50 mass% Content: 30% to 60% by mass
- the total content of the aryl group, alkyl group, and oxyalkylene group is preferably 20 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 25 to 35% by mass. More preferably, the hydrolyzable silane compound having an aryl group is blended in an amount of 10 to 50 mol parts relative to the total hydrolyzable silane compound.
- step (I) when a hydrolyzable silane compound having the structure represented by the formula (10) is used in combination, a polymer obtained by opening a group capable of cationic polymerization in the step (III) is used. It is preferable that each group which siloxane has becomes the following range with respect to the total mass in the said polysiloxane.
- ⁇ Aryl group content 2 mass% to 30 mass%
- Alkyl group content 2 mass% to 30 mass%
- Oxyalkylene group content 5 mass% to 50 mass%
- the total content of the aryl group, alkyl group, oxyalkylene group, fluorinated alkyl group and siloxane moiety is preferably 10 to 60% by mass, preferably 20 to 50% by mass, based on the total mass of the polysiloxane. It is more preferable. Further, the molar ratio of the hydrolyzable silane compound having a group capable of cationic polymerization and the hydrolyzable silane compound containing a fluorinated alkyl group is more preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10. preferable.
- step II one or more of the silsesquioxane compounds represented by the compounds (1) to (6) are added to and mixed with the resulting hydrolyzable condensate.
- silsesquioxanes represented by the compounds (1) to (6) commercially available products can be used, and those synthesized by known methods can also be used. That is, silsesquioxane can be synthesized by hydrolyzing a silane compound having an arbitrary substituent and three hydrolyzable groups, followed by dehydration condensation. Examples of the hydrolyzable group include an alkoxy group and a chlorine atom.
- octamethyl-polyoctasilsesquioxane can be obtained by hydrolyzing and dehydrating and condensing methyltrichlorosilane in the presence of water, a solvent, and a basic catalyst.
- the basic catalyst examples include alkali metal oxides such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and cesium hydroxide, and ammonium hydroxide salts such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide and benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide. Of these, tetramethylammonium hydroxide is preferred because of its high catalytic activity.
- Water used for hydrolysis can be supplemented from an aqueous solution of a basic catalyst, or may be added separately.
- the amount of water is not less than an amount sufficient to hydrolyze the hydrolyzable group, preferably 1.0 to 1.5 times the theoretical amount.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, or other polar solvents can be used. From the viewpoint of compatibility with water, lower alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms are preferred.
- the reaction temperature during the synthesis is preferably 0 to 60 ° C, more preferably 20 to 40 ° C. It can suppress that a hydrolyzable group remains in an unreacted state, and can suppress the increase in the molecular weight of the hydrolysis product due to the reaction rate being too high.
- the reaction time is preferably 2 hours or longer in order to allow the hydrolysis to proceed sufficiently.
- water or a water-containing reaction solvent may be separated.
- a method for separating water or the water-containing reaction solvent a method such as evaporation under reduced pressure can be used.
- a non-polar solvent is added to dissolve the hydrolysis product, this solution is washed with brine, and then dried with a desiccant such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate. It is possible to adopt means for making
- the structure of the obtained silsesquioxane can be confirmed by using 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum.
- the amount of silsesquioxane added in the compounds (1) to (6) is determined based on the compound (1) when the total amount of polysiloxane solids when the hydrolyzable silane compound is all dehydrated and condensed is 100 mol. ) To (6), the amount of silsesquioxane is 1.0 mol or more and 50.0 mol or less, particularly 10.0 mol or more and 30.0 mol or less.
- a coating solution for forming a surface layer containing a hydrolyzable condensate and a silsesquioxane compound represented by compounds (1) to (6) is prepared, and a layer immediately below the surface layer, that is, an elastic layer A coating film of the coating solution is formed thereon.
- a solvent may be used in addition to the hydrolyzable condensate for improving the coating property.
- the solvent include alcohols such as ethanol or 2-butanol, ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, or a mixture thereof.
- applying the coating liquid for surface layers on a conductive elastic layer methods, such as application
- the coating film is irradiated with active energy rays. Then, the cationically polymerizable group of the hydrolyzable condensate contained in the coating film is cleaved. Thereby, the hydrolyzable condensate in the surface coating liquid layer can be crosslinked. The hydrolyzable condensate is cured by crosslinking, and when it is dried, a surface layer is formed (step III).
- the ultraviolet ray is preferable as the active energy ray.
- the hydrolyzable condensate can be crosslinked in a short time (within 15 minutes). In addition, there is little heat generation, and the surface layer is less likely to be wrinkled or cracked.
- the cross-linking reaction is performed by ultraviolet rays with less heat generation, the adhesion between the conductive elastic layer and the surface layer is increased, and the surface layer can sufficiently follow the expansion / contraction of the conductive elastic layer. Wrinkles and cracks in the surface layer due to changes in environmental temperature and humidity can be suppressed.
- the crosslinking reaction is performed using ultraviolet rays, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the conductive elastic layer due to thermal history, and thus it is possible to suppress a decrease in electrical characteristics of the conductive elastic layer.
- a high-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a low-pressure mercury lamp, an excimer UV lamp, or the like can be used, and among these, an ultraviolet ray source containing abundant light having an ultraviolet wavelength of 150 to 480 nm is preferably used. .
- UV integrated light quantity [mJ / cm 2 ] UV intensity [mW / cm 2 ] ⁇ irradiation time [s]
- the adjustment of the integrated amount of ultraviolet light can be performed by the irradiation time, lamp output, distance between the lamp and the irradiated object, and the like. Moreover, you may give a gradient to integrated light quantity within irradiation time.
- the accumulated amount of ultraviolet light is measured using an ultraviolet integrated light meter “UIT-150-A” (trade name) or “UVD-S254” (trade name) manufactured by USHIO INC. be able to.
- an excimer UV lamp is used, the accumulated amount of ultraviolet light is measured using an ultraviolet integrated light meter “UIT-150-A” (trade name) or “VUV-S172” (trade name) manufactured by USHIO INC. be able to.
- a cationic polymerization catalyst (polymerization initiator) is allowed to coexist from the viewpoint of improving the crosslinking efficiency.
- a cationic polymerization catalyst polymerization initiator
- an epoxy group exhibits high reactivity with respect to an onium salt of a Lewis acid activated by an active energy ray
- the cationic polymerization catalyst is Lewis It is preferable to use an onium salt of an acid.
- Examples of other cationic polymerization catalysts include borate salts, compounds having an imide structure, compounds having a triazine structure, azo compounds, and peroxides.
- aromatic sulfonium salts and aromatic iodonium salts are preferable from the viewpoints of sensitivity, stability, and reactivity.
- bis (4-tert-butylphenyl) iodonium salt and a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (12) (trade name: “ADEKA OPTOMA-SP150”, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) are more preferable.
- a compound having a structure represented by the following formula (13) (trade name: “Irgacure 261”, manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals) is more preferable.
- the amount of the cationic polymerization catalyst used is preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass relative to the hydrolyzable condensate.
- the elastic modulus of the surface layer of the charging member is preferably 30 GPa or less.
- the crosslinking density tends to decrease as the elastic modulus of the surface layer decreases.
- the elastic modulus of the surface layer is preferably 100 MPa or more.
- the standard of the layer thickness of the surface layer is 0.01 ⁇ m or more and 1.00 ⁇ m or less, particularly 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 0.50 ⁇ m or less. What is necessary is just to set suitably in said range, suppressing that the low molecular-weight component from an elastic layer oozes out on the surface of a charging member, and also considering the charging performance of a charging member.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic configuration of an example of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the charging member of the present invention.
- the cylindrical electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is driven to rotate at a predetermined peripheral speed in the direction of arrow A about the shaft 2.
- a charging member 3 roller-shaped charging member in FIG. 2) according to the present invention is disposed in contact with the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1.
- the charging member 3 rotates in the forward direction with respect to the rotation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 that is driven to rotate is uniformly charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential by the charging member 3.
- exposure light (image exposure light) 4 output from exposure means (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure is received.
- electrostatic latent images corresponding to the target image are sequentially formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1.
- a voltage of only a DC voltage or a voltage obtained by superimposing an AC voltage on the DC voltage is applied to the charging member 3 from a voltage applying unit (not shown).
- the charging member of the present invention is preferably used in an electrophotographic apparatus having a voltage applying means for applying only a DC voltage to the charging member.
- the DC voltage for example, when a voltage of ⁇ 1000 V is applied, it is preferable that the dark part potential at that time is about ⁇ 500 V and the light part potential is about ⁇ 100 V.
- the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is developed (reversal development or regular development) with toner contained in the developer of the developing means 5 to become a toner image.
- the toner image formed and supported on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is sequentially transferred onto a transfer material (such as paper) P by a transfer bias from a transfer unit (such as a transfer roller) 6.
- the transfer material P is taken out from the transfer material supply means (not shown) between the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and the transfer means 6 (contact portion) in synchronization with the rotation of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and supplied. Sent.
- the transfer material P that has received the transfer of the toner image is separated from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and introduced into the fixing means 8 to receive the image fixing, and is printed out as an image formed product (print, copy). Is done.
- the developer (toner) that has not been transferred by the cleaning means (cleaning blade or the like) 7 is removed from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 after the transfer of the toner image.
- the process cartridge according to the present invention integrally holds the charging member 3 according to the present invention and at least one member selected from the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the developing unit 5, the transfer unit 6, and the cleaning unit 7, and an electrophotographic apparatus. It is configured to be detachably mountable to the main body.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the charging member 3, the developing unit 5, and the cleaning unit 7 may be integrally supported to form a cartridge.
- the process cartridge 9 may be detachably attached to the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus using guide means 10 such as a rail of the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus.
- the electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention includes the charging member according to the present invention and an electrophotographic photosensitive member arranged in contact with the charging member.
- the electrophotographic apparatus preferably has voltage applying means for applying only a DC voltage to the charging means.
- Parts in the examples means “parts by mass”.
- Example 1 (Production of charging member)
- the raw materials shown in Table 1 below were mixed in a 6-liter pressure kneader “TD6-15MDX” (trade name, manufactured by Toshin Co., Ltd.) for 16 minutes at a filling rate of 70 vol% and a blade rotation speed of 30 rpm, and the A kneaded rubber composition I got a thing.
- TD6-15MDX trade name, manufactured by Toshin Co., Ltd.
- a vulcanization accelerator and a vulcanizing agent shown in Table 2 below are added to the A kneaded rubber composition, and an open roll having a roll diameter of 12 inches is used with a front roll rotation speed of 8 rpm, a rear roll rotation speed of 10 rpm, and a roll gap of 2 mm. After turning back left and right a total of 20 times, a kneaded product I was obtained by thinning 10 times with a roll gap of 0.5 mm.
- the kneaded product 1 is extruded into a cylindrical shape having an outer diameter of 9.4 mm and an inner diameter of 5.4 mm with a rubber extruder, cut into a length of 250 mm, and subjected to primary addition with steam at 160 ° C. for 30 minutes using a vulcanizer.
- a primary vulcanization tube 1 for a conductive elastic layer was obtained.
- thermosetting adhesive containing metal and rubber (trade name: “Metaloc U-20” in a region up to 115.5 mm on both sides across the center in the axial direction of the cylindrical surface of the support (a region having an axial width of 231 mm). ", Manufactured by Toyo Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd.). This was dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and further dried at 120 ° C. for 1 hour.
- This support is inserted into the primary vulcanization tube 1 for the conductive elastic layer, heated at 160 ° C. for 1 hour to secondary vulcanize the primary vulcanization tube 1 for the conductive elastic layer, The curable adhesive was cured.
- the conductive elastic roller 1 before surface polishing was obtained.
- both ends of the conductive elastic layer portion (rubber portion) of the conductive elastic roller 1 before surface polishing were cut so that the axial width of the conductive elastic layer portion was 231 mm. Furthermore, by polishing the surface of the conductive elastic layer portion with a rotating grindstone, a conductive elastic roller (conductive elastic roller after surface polishing) 2 was obtained.
- the conductive elastic roller 2 has a crown-shaped conductive elastic layer having an end diameter of 8.2 mm and a central diameter of 8.5 mm, and the ten-point average roughness (Rzjis) of the surface of the conductive elastic layer. ) was 5.5 ⁇ m, and the deflection was 28 ⁇ m.
- the Asker C hardness of the conductive elastic layer was 78 degrees.
- the ten-point average roughness (Rzjis) was measured according to JIS B 0601: 2001.
- the vibration was measured using a high-precision laser measuring instrument “LSM-430v” (trade name) manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation.
- LSM-430v trade name
- the outer diameter is measured using the measuring device, and the difference between the maximum outer diameter value and the minimum outer diameter value is defined as the outer diameter difference run.
- the value was the runout of the object to be measured.
- the measurement of the Asker C hardness was performed under the condition of a load of 1000 g with the pusher of an Asker C type hardness meter (manufactured by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.) in contact with the surface of the measurement object as described above.
- silsesquioxane no. 1 (product number: 52684-3, manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Japan) diluted with methyl ethyl ketone (hereinafter referred to as MEK) to 10% by mass is a silsesquioxy with respect to a total addition amount of 0.320 mol of the hydrolyzable silane compound.
- Sun No. 279.56 g was added so that 1 became 10.0 mol.
- the condensate-containing solution 1 containing 1 was added to a mixed solvent of 2-butanol / ethanol to prepare a condensate-containing alcohol solution 1 having a solid content of 7% by mass.
- an aromatic sulfonium salt (trade name: “ADEKA OPTMER SP-150”, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation) diluted with 10% by mass of methyl isobutyl ketone (hereinafter referred to as MIBK) as a photocationic polymerization initiator. 2 parts by mass were added to the condensate-containing alcohol solution 1. This was diluted with ethanol to prepare a surface layer coating solution 1 having a solid content of 2% by mass.
- the surface layer coating liquid 1 was applied onto the conductive elastic layer of the conductive elastic roller (conductive elastic roller after surface polishing) 2 using a ring coating head (discharge amount: 0.008 ml / s). (Ring part speed: 30 mm / s, total discharge amount: 0.064 ml)). Then, the coating film of the coating liquid 1 on the conductive elastic layer is irradiated with ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm so that the integrated light quantity becomes 8500 mJ / cm 2, and the glycidoxy group of the hydrolysis condensate 1 in the coating film was cleaved, crosslinked, and left to dry for 3 seconds to form a surface layer.
- a low-pressure mercury lamp manufactured by Harrison Toshiba Lighting Co., Ltd. was used for ultraviolet irradiation.
- a charging roller having a support, a conductive elastic layer formed on the support, and a surface layer formed on the conductive elastic layer was produced.
- This charging roller is referred to as a charging roller 1.
- Examples 2 to 5 Silsesquioxane No. 1 of Example 1. 1 is a silsesquioxane No. 1 shown in Table 4 below.
- the charging rollers 2 to 5 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the number was changed to 2 to 5.
- Example 6 Silsesquioxane No. 1 of Example 1.
- No. 1 produced by the following Synthesis Example 1 A charging roller 6 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the number was changed to 6.
- the obtained silsesquioxane No. 6 shows 29 Si CP / MAS nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., hereinafter referred to as 29 Si-NMR), Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, hereinafter referred to as FT-IR), high performance liquid chromatography.
- 29 Si-NMR 29 Si CP / MAS nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrum
- LC-MS high performance liquid chromatography
- Examples 7 to 8> In the same manner as in Example 6, except that the starting material 1 used in Synthesis Example 1 of Example 6 was changed to starting material 2 and starting material 3 represented by the following formulas (15) to (16), respectively. Sun Nos. 7-8 were synthesized. Using these silsesquioxanes, charging rollers 7 and 8 were produced in the same manner as in Example 6. The amount of starting material 2 added was 28.55 g, and the amount of starting material 3 added was 29.47 g. Structural formula (15) (Starting material 2) Structural formula (16) (Starting material 3)
- Example 9 to 12 The silsesquioxane No. 1 of Example 1 is shown in Table 5 below. Charging rollers 9 to 12 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the number was changed to 9 to 12.
- Example 13 Silsesquioxane No. 13 was synthesized in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the starting material 1 used in Synthesis Example 1 of Example 6 was changed to the starting material 4 represented by the following formula (17). Using this silsesquioxane, a charging roller 13 was produced in the same manner as in Example 6. The amount of starting material 4 added was 20.43 g. Formula (17) (Starting material 4)
- Example 14 Example 1 except that silsesquioxane No. 1 of Example 1 was changed to silsesquioxane No. 14 obtained simultaneously with synthesis of silsesquioxane No. 8 in Example 8.
- the charging roller 14 was produced by the same method.
- Example 15 Example 1 except that silsesquioxane No. 1 of Example 1 was changed to silsesquioxane No. 15 obtained simultaneously with synthesis of silsesquioxane No. 13 in Example 13.
- the charging roller 15 was produced by the same method.
- Example 16 The same as Example 1 except that Silsesquioxane No. 1 of Example 1 was changed to Silsesquioxane No. 16 obtained simultaneously with the synthesis of Silsesquioxane No. 8 in Example 8.
- the charging roller 16 was produced by this method.
- Example 17 In a solution obtained by diluting Silsesquioxane No. 1 of Example 1 to 10% by mass with MEK, 0.5 mol part of silsesquioxane No. 1 with respect to the total amount of the hydrolyzable silane compound added is 0.320 mol. 13.98g was added so that it might become. Otherwise, the charging roller 17 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 18 In a solution obtained by diluting Silsesquioxane No. 1 of Example 1 to 10% by mass with MEK, 60.0 mol parts of silsesquioxane No. 1 with respect to the total amount of the hydrolyzable silane compound added is 0.320 mol. 1677.34g was added so that it might become. Otherwise, the charging roller 18 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- silsesquioxane Nos. 1 to 16 used in Examples 1 to 18 are shown below.
- Table 6 shows the silsesquioxane used in each Example and the amount added.
- All of R 201 to R 208 are groups represented by the following structural formula (18).
- R 201 to R 207 are groups represented by the following formula (20).
- R 208 is a group represented by the following formula (21).
- Formula (22) R 208 is a group represented by the following formula (23).
- Formula (24) Silsesquioxane no.
- R 201 to R 208 are groups represented by the following formula (25).
- Formula (31) Silsesquioxane no.
- Elastic modulus of the surface layer The elastic modulus of the surface layer of the charging roller was measured using a surface film property testing machine (trade name: “Fischer Scope H100V”, manufactured by Fisher Instruments). The value obtained when the indenter was allowed to enter from the surface of the object to be measured at a speed of 1 ⁇ m / 7 sec was defined as the elastic modulus.
- the surface layer coating solution was applied on an aluminum sheet so that the film thickness after curing was 10 ⁇ m or more, and the same conditions as the charging roller in the example or the comparative example. And UV-cured or heat-cured. The results are shown in Table 8.
- the layer thickness of the surface layer of the charging roller is a scanning electron microscope (trade name: “S” after performing platinum vapor deposition from the cross-sectional side of the surface layer using a sample taken from the base layer in the vicinity of the surface layer of the charging roller. -4800 ", Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) for observation and measurement. The obtained results are shown in Table 8.
- the concentration of the gas component derived from each group generated from polysiloxane decomposed at each temperature of 400 to 500 ° C. was determined. Further, from the concentration of the gas component derived from each of these groups and the measured weight reduction rate, the weight reduction rate due to the gas component derived from each of the groups generated at each temperature was determined. This was integrated over the above 400 ° C. to 500 ° C., and the contents of oxyalkylene group, aryl group and alkyl group in the polysiloxane were determined.
- fluorinated alkyl groups tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2, tetrahydrooctyltriethoxysilane having mass numbers (m / z) 51, 69, 119, and 131 are used. From a fluorinated alkyl group or a silsesquioxane substituent). From these peaks, the concentration of the gas component derived from the fluorinated alkyl group generated from the polysiloxane decomposed at each temperature of 500 ° C. to 650 ° C. was determined.
- the weight reduction rate due to the gas component derived from the fluorinated alkyl group generated at each temperature was determined from the concentration of the gas component derived from the fluorinated alkyl group and the measured weight reduction rate. This was integrated over the temperature range of 500 ° C. to 600 ° C. to determine the content of fluorinated alkyl groups in the polysiloxane.
- the residue after a heating was made into the siloxane part derived from the 1st unit, the 2nd unit, the 3rd unit, or silsesquioxane.
- the cage structure refers to a skeletal portion constituted by a siloxane bond, excluding substituents, among the structures shown in the compound substances (1) to (6).
- the peak around ⁇ 55 ppm is often mainly derived from a cage structure having 6 Si.
- the peak near ⁇ 65 ppm is often mainly derived from a cage structure having 8 Si.
- the peak in the vicinity of ⁇ 90 to ⁇ 100 ppm is often derived from a cage structure having a Si number of 10 to 16.
- the peak area at each of the above -55, -65, and -90 to -100 ppm derived from the silsesquioxane cage structure is the mol of Si atoms constituting the silsesquioxane cage structure. It was a number. Then, the value obtained by dividing the peak area, which is the number of moles of Si atoms, by the number of Si atoms constituting the cage structure of the corresponding silsesquioxane of the specific structure is the number of moles of silsesquioxane. did.
- the cage shape contained in the surface layer is a value obtained by dividing the peak area converted to the number of moles of the silsesquioxane by the sum of the peak areas derived from the first unit, the second unit, and the third unit. It was made into mol% of a structure.
- each charging roller and the electrophotographic photosensitive member were assembled in a process cartridge (trade name: “EP-85 (black)”, manufactured by Canon Inc.) which integrally supports them.
- the process cartridge was mounted on a laser beam printer (trade name: “LBP-5500”, manufactured by Canon Inc.) for vertical output of A4 paper.
- the developing method of this laser beam printer is a reversal developing method, the output speed of the transfer material is 47 mm / s, and the image resolution is 600 dpi.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member incorporated in the process cartridge together with the charging roller is an organic electrophotographic photosensitive member formed by forming an organic photosensitive layer having a layer thickness of 14 ⁇ m on a support.
- the organic photosensitive layer is a laminated photosensitive layer in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer containing a modified polyarylate (binder resin) are laminated from the support side.
- the charge transport layer is an electrophotographic photosensitive layer. It is the surface layer of the body.
- the toner used in the laser beam printer includes particles obtained by suspension polymerization of a polymerizable monomer system including a wax, a charge control agent, a dye, styrene, butyl acrylate, and an ester monomer in an aqueous medium.
- This toner is a polymerized toner containing toner particles obtained by externally adding silica fine particles and titanium oxide fine particles to the particles, and has a glass transition temperature of 63 ° C. and a volume average particle size of 6 ⁇ m.
- Image output was performed in an environment of 30 ° C./80% RH, an E character pattern with a printing rate of 4% was formed on A4 paper, and 6000 sheets were output at a process speed of 47 mm / s.
- Abrasion resistance of the surface layer As an index of the wear resistance of the surface layer of each charging roller, the ratio of the layer thickness (nm) of the surface layer after outputting 6000 sheets to the initial layer thickness (nm) was calculated as the retention rate. The smaller the retention rate, the more worn out. The layer thickness of the surface layer was measured and compared by the method described above.
- Table 13 below shows the results of the abrasion resistance evaluation and image evaluation of the surface layer.
- the charging member according to the present invention is less likely to wear the surface layer even after repeated use, and the charging performance hardly changes even after use.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、本発明の目的は、長期の使用によっても帯電性能の経時的変化が少ない帯電部材を提供することにある。また、本発明の他の目的は、高品位な電子写真画像を安定して形成することのできるプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置を提供することにある。
該ポリシロキサンは、SiO0.5R1(OR2)(OR3)で示される第1のユニット、SiO1.0R4(OR5)で示される第2のユニットおよびSiO1.5R6で示される第3のユニットを有し、
該シルセスキオキサンは、下記の化合物(1)~(6)で示される化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの化合物であることを特徴とする:
[R1、R4およびR6は各々独立に、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換のアリール基を示し、R2、R3およびR5は各々独立に、水素原子または置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基を示す。化合物(1)~(6)中、R101~R616は各々独立に無置換のアルキル基、フッ化アルキル基、無置換のアリール基または下記式(7)で示される基から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。化合物(1)~(6)中、R101~R616は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基または下記式(7)で示される基から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。
ポリシロキサンは、SiO0.5R1(OR2)(OR3)で示される第1のユニット、SiO1.0R4(OR5)で示される第2のユニットおよびSiO1.5R6で示される第3のユニットを有する。ここでR1、R4およびR6は各々独立に、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換のアリール基を示す。無置換のアルキル基の例としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ヘキシル基、デシル基などが挙げられる。また、置換アルキル基としては、先に挙げたアルキル基の少なくとも1つの水素原子が炭素数1~10のパーフロロアルキル基で置換されたフッ化アルキル基やグリシドキシプロピル基が挙げられる。また、無置換のアリール基としてはフェニル基が挙げられる。更に、置換アリール基としてペンタフルオロフェニル基や4-パーフルオロトリル基などが挙げられる。
R2、R3およびR5は各々独立に、水素原子、または置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基を示す。無置換のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ヘキシル基、デシル基などが挙げられる。また、置換アルキルとして2-メトキシエチル基やアセチル基などが挙げられる。
(II)化合物(1)~化合物(6)で示されるシルセスキオキサンを、工程(I)により得られた加水分解性縮合物に加える混合工程、
(III)カチオン重合可能な基を開裂させることにより、工程(II)により得られた混合物を架橋し硬化させる架橋工程。
(式中、R11及びR12は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基を示し、Ar11は、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基を示す。aは、0以上2以下の整数であり、bは、1以上3以下の整数であり、a+b=3である。)
(8-2):フェニルトリエトキシシラン
(8-3):フェニルトリプロポキシシラン
式(9)中、R21及びR22は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基を示し、Z21は、2価の有機基を示し、Rc21は、開裂によってオキシアルキレン基を生成しうるカチオン重合可能な基を示す。dは、0以上2以下の整数であり、eは、1以上3以下の整数であり、d+e=3である。前記式(9)中のカチオン重合可能な基Rc21は、開裂によってオキシアルキレン基を生成しうるカチオン重合可能な有機基を示す。Rc21の具体例としては、例えば、グリシドキシ基、エポキシ基、オキセタン基などの環状エーテル基、又はビニルエーテル基などが挙げられる。中でも、入手の容易性及び反応制御の容易性の観点から、グリシドキシ基またはエポキシ基が好ましい。また、前記オキシアルキレン基とは、-O-R-(-R-:アルキレン基)で示される構造を有する2価の基(「アルキレンエーテル基」と呼ばれることもある。)である。
前記式(9)中の2価の有機基Z21としては、例えば、アルキレン基又はアリーレン基などが挙げられる。これらの中では、炭素数1~6のアルキレン基が好ましく、さらにはエチレン基、プロピレン基がより好ましい。また、前記式(9)中のeは3であることが好ましい。前記式(9)中のdが2の場合、2個のR21は同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。また、前記式(9)中のeが2又は3の場合、2個又は3個のR22は同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。以下に、前記式(9)で示される構造を有する加水分解性シラン化合物の具体例を示す。
(9-2):グリシドキシプロピルトリエトキシシラン
(9-3):エポキシシクロヘキシルエチルトリメトキシシラン
(9-4):エポキシシクロヘキシルエチルトリエトキシシラン
式(10)中、R31及びR32は、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基を示し、Z31は、2価の有機基を示し、Rf31は、炭素数1以上11以下のフッ化アルキル基を示す。fは、0~2の整数であり、gは、1~3の整数であり、f+g=3である。R31及びR32において、置換アルキル基としてフッ化アルキル基などが挙げられ、無置換のアルキル基としてメチル、エチル、プロピル、ヘキシル、デシルなどが挙げられる。その中でも、R31及びR32で表されるアルキル基としては、炭素数1~3のアルキル基若しくは分岐アルキル基が好ましく、さらにはメチル基、エチル基がより好ましい。また、前記式(10)中のZ31の2価の有機基としては、例えば、アルキレン基又はアリーレン基などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、炭素数1~6のアルキレン基が好ましく、さらにはエチレン基がより好ましい。また、前記式(10)中のRf31の炭素数1以上11以下のフッ化アルキル基としては、処理性の観点から、特に炭素数6~11の直鎖状のフッ化アルキル基が好ましい。前記式(10)中のgは3であることが好ましい。また、前記式(10)中のfが2の場合、2個のR31は同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。前記式(10)中のgが2又は3の場合、2個又は3個のR32は同一であってもよく、異なっていてもよい。以下に、前記式(10)で示される構造を有する加水分解性シラン化合物の具体例を示す。下記(10-1)~(10-6)中のRはメチル基又はエチル基を示す。
(10-2):CF3-(CF2)-(CH2)2-Si-(OR)3
(10-3):CF3-(CF2)3-(CH2)2-Si-(OR)3
(10-4):CF3-(CF2)5-(CH2)2-Si-(OR)3
(10-5):CF3-(CF2)7-(CH2)2-Si-(OR)3
(10-6):CF3-(CF2)9-(CH2)2-Si-(OR)3
(式中、R41は、置換若しくは無置換のアルキル基を示す。R42は、飽和若しくは不飽和の1価の炭化水素基を示す。hは、0~3の整数であり、kは、1~4の整数であり、h+k=4である。)
(11-2):メチルトリエトキシシラン
(11-3):メチルトリプロポキシシラン
(11-4):エチルトリメトキシシラン
(11-5):エチルトリエトキシシラン
(11-6):エチルトリプロポキシシラン
(11-7):プロピルトリメトキシシラン
(11-8):プロピルトリエトキシシラン
(11-9):プロピルトリプロポキシシラン
(11-10):ヘキシルトリメトキシシラン
(11-11):ヘキシルトリエトキシシラン
(11-12):デシルトリメトキシシラン
(11-13):デシルトリエトキシシラン
(11-14):デシルトリプロポキシシラン
本発明に係る表面層は、上記したポリシロキサンと共に特定の化学構造を有するシルセスキオキサンを含む。具体的には、下記化合物(1)~(6)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの化合物を含む。
前記化合物(1)~化合物(6)中の、R101~R616は、各々独立に、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基および下記式(7)で示される基から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。
式(7)中、X、YおよびZは各々独立に、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基および置換もしくは無置換のアリール基から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、mは、1~20の範囲の整数である。
帯電部材の支持体としては鉄、銅、ステンレス、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、ニッケルなどの金属製(合金製)の支持体を用い得る。
導電性の弾性層を構成する材料として、従来の帯電部材の弾性層(導電性弾性層)に用いられているゴムや熱可塑性エラストマーなどの弾性体を1種又は2種以上用いることができる。ゴムの具体例を以下に挙げる。ウレタンゴム、シリコーンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、イソプレンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、スチレン-ブタジエンゴム、エチレン-プロピレンゴム、ポリノルボルネンゴム、スチレン-ブタジエン-スチレンゴム、アクリロニトリルゴム、エピクロルヒドリンゴム又はアルキルエーテルゴムなど。
・アリール基の含有量 :2質量%以上30質量%以下
・アルキル基の含有量 :2質量%以上30質量%以下
・オキシアルキレン基の含有量 :5質量%以上50質量%以下
・シロキサン部分の含有量 :30質量%以上60質量%以下
・アリール基の含有量 :2質量%以上30質量%以下
・アルキル基の含有量 :2質量%以上30質量%以下
・オキシアルキレン基の含有量 :5質量%以上50質量%以下
・フッ化アルキル基の含有量 :2質量%以上30質量%以下
・シロキサン部分の含有量 :30質量%以上70質量%以下
加水分解性基としては、アルコキシ基、塩素原子などがあげられる。例えば、メチルトリクロロシランを、水・溶媒・塩基性触媒存在下で加水分解、および脱水縮合させることにより、オクタメチル-ポリオクタシルセスキオキサンを得ることができる。塩基性触媒としては水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化セシウムなどのアルカリ金属酸化物、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド、ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドなどの水酸化アンモニウム塩が挙げられる。中でも、触媒活性が高い点からテトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドが好ましい。
紫外線積算光量[mJ/cm2]=紫外線強度[mW/cm2]×照射時間[s]
(帯電部材の作製)
下記表1に示した原材料を6リットル加圧ニーダー「TD6-15MDX」(商品名、株式会社トーシン製)にて、充填率70vol%、ブレード回転数30rpmで16分混合して、A練りゴム組成物を得た。
実施例1のシルセスキオキサンNo.1を下記表4に示すシルセスキオキサンNo.2~5に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で帯電ローラ2~5を作製した。
実施例1のシルセスキオキサンNo.1を下記合成例1により作製したシルセスキオキサンNo.6に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で帯電ローラ6を作製した。
撹拌機、滴下ロート、温度計を備えた反応容器に、溶媒として2-プロパノール(以下、IPAという)120mlと、塩基性触媒として5%テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシド水溶液(以下、TMAH水溶液という)9.40gを加えた。滴下ロートにIPA45mlと、下記式(14)に示す出発物質1を0.150mol(31.56g)入れ、反応溶液を撹拌しながら、室温で30分かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、加熱することなく2時間撹拌した。2時間撹拌後、溶媒を減圧下で除去した後、反応容器にトルエン250mlを加え、内容物を溶解した。当該内容物のトルエン溶液を飽和食塩水で中性になるまで水洗した後、無水硫酸マグネシウムで脱水した。無水硫酸マグネシウムをろ別し、濃縮してシルセスキオキサンNo.6を得た。
(出発物質1)
さらに、LC-MSにおいて、質量数(m/z)847におけるクロマトグラムピークの面積と、上記出発物質1のイオン化物由来である質量数(m/z)209におけるクロマトグラムピークの面積との和に対する、質量数(m/z)847におけるクロマトグラムピークの比率を計算したところ、0.12であった。すなわち、シルセスキオキサンNo.6の収率が12%であることが確認された。
実施例6の合成例1で用いた出発物質1を各々下記式(15)~(16)で示される出発物質2および出発物質3に変更した以外は実施例6と同様の方法でシルセスキオキサンNo.7~8を合成した。これらのシルセスキオキサンを用いて実施例6と同様にして帯電ローラ7および8を作製した。なお、出発物質2の添加量は28.55g、出発物質3の添加量は、29.47gとした。
(出発物質2)
(出発物質3)
実施例1のシルセスキオキサンNo.1を下記表5に示すシルセスキオキサンNo.9~12に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で帯電ローラ9~12を作製した。
実施例6の合成例1で用いた出発物質1を下記式(17)で示される出発物質4に変更した以外は実施例6と同様の方法でシルセスキオキサンNo.13を合成した。このシルセスキオキサンを用いて実施例6と同様にして帯電ローラ13を作製した。なお、出発物質4の添加量は20.43gとした。
(出発物質4)
実施例1のシルセスキオキサンNo.1を、実施例8にてシルセスキオキサンNo.8を合成したときに同時に得られたシルセスキオキサンNo.14に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で帯電ローラ14を作製した。
実施例1のシルセスキオキサンNo.1を、実施例13にてシルセスキオキサンNo.13を合成したときに同時に得られたシルセスキオキサンNo.15に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で帯電ローラ15を作製した。
実施例1のシルセスキオキサンNo.1を、実施例8においてシルセスキオキサンNo.8を合成した時に同時に得られたシルセスキオキサンNo.16に変更した以外は実施例1と同様の方法で帯電ローラ16を作製した。
実施例1のシルセスキオキサンNo.1をMEKで10質量%に希釈した溶液を、前記加水分解性シラン化合物の添加量の合計0.320molに対するシルセスキオキサンNo.1が0.5mol部になるように13.98g添加した。それ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で帯電ローラ17を作製した。
実施例1のシルセスキオキサンNo.1をMEKで10質量%に希釈した溶液を、前記加水分解性シラン化合物の添加量の合計0.320molに対するシルセスキオキサンNo.1が60.0mol部になるように1677.34g添加した。それ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で帯電ローラ18を作製した。
シルセスキオキサンNo.1
(Si原子数=8、分子量=873.616)
R201~R208のすべてが下記構造式(18)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.2
(Si原子数=8、分子量=1883.456)
R201~R208のすべてが下記式(19)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.3
(Si原子数=8、分子量=913.566)
R201~R207が下記式(20)で示される基である。
R208が下記式(21)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.4
(Si原子数=8、分子量尾御=1113.796)
R201~R207の全てが下記式(22)で示される基である。
R208が下記式(23)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.5
(Si原子数=8、分子量=1257.936)
R101~R106の全てが下記式(24)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.6
(Si原子数=6、分子量=847.692)
R201~R208の全てが下記式(25)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.7
(Si原子数=6、分子量=727.272)
R101~R106の全てが下記式(26)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.8
(Si原子数=6、分子量=775.140)
R101~R106の全てが下記式(27)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.9
(Si原子数=10、分子量=1653.060)
R301~R310の全てが下記式(28)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.10
(Si原子数=10、分子量=1572.420)
R301~R310の全てが下記式(29)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.11
(Si原子数=12、分子量=1983.672)
R401~R412の全てが下記式(30)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.12
(Si原子数=12、分子量=1886.904)
R401~R412の全てが下記式(31)で示される基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.13
(Si原子数=14、分子量=939.736)
R501~R514の全てがメチル基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.14
(Si原子数=14、分子量=1808.660)
R501~R514の全てがフェニル基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.15
(Si原子数=16、分子量=1073.984)
R601~R616の全てがメチル基である。
シルセスキオキサンNo.16
(Si原子数=16、分子量=2067.040)
R601~R616の全てがフェニル基である。
下記表7に示す原料を混合した後、室温で攪拌し、次いで24時間加熱還流(100℃)を行うことによって、加水分解性シラン化合物の縮合物含有溶液C1を得た。その後、縮合物C1を160℃1時間で熱硬化することにより表面層を形成した以外は実施例1と同様にして帯電ローラC1を得て、物性を測定した。
シリカフィラー(商品名:アドマファイン アドマテックス社製 平均粒子径=1.0μm 比表面積=3.6m2/g)を比較例1で用いた縮合物含有溶液C1に対して0.5質量部添加したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、帯電ローラC2を得て、物性を測定した。
前記実施例及び比較例の帯電ローラの物性を、以下に示す方法で測定した。
帯電ローラの表面層の弾性率は、表面皮膜物性試験機(商品名:「フィッシャースコープH100V」、フィッシャーインストルメンツ社製)を用いて測定した。圧子を測定対象の表面から1μm/7secの速度で進入させたときの値を弾性率とした。なお、弾性率測定用のサンプルには、アルミシート上に前記表面層用塗布液を、硬化後の膜厚が10μm以上になるように塗布し、前記実施例又は比較例における帯電ローラと同条件でUV硬化又は熱硬化させたものを使用した。結果を表8に示す。
帯電ローラの表面層の層厚は、帯電ローラの表面層付近を基層から採取したものをサンプル片として、表面層の断面側から白金蒸着を施したのち、走査型電子顕微鏡(商品名:「S-4800」、(株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ)に組み込んで観察・計測を行った。得られた結果は表8に示した。
帯電ローラの表面層の十点平均粗さ(Rzjis)はJIS B 0601:2001に準拠して測定した。得られた結果は表8に示した。
10~1000倍の光学顕微鏡下、光学顕微鏡に設置した3次元粗微動マイクロマニピュレーター((株)ナリシゲ製)を用い、帯電ローラの表面層から1mg程度の試料を採取した。採取した試料を、熱重量測定-質量分析(TG-MS(Thermogravimetry - Mass Spectrometry)法;(TG装置にMS装置を直結))により、加熱時に発生する気体の質量数ごとの濃度変化を、重量変化と同時に、温度の関数として追跡した。測定条件を表9に示す。
これらのピークから、前記500℃~650℃の各温度で分解されたポリシロキサンから発生したフッ化アルキル基に由来する気体成分の濃度を求めた。
また、フッ化アルキル基に由来する気体成分の濃度と測定された重量減少率から、各温度で発生したフッ化アルキル基に由来する気体成分による重量減少率を求めた。これを前記500℃~600℃の温度範囲にわたって積算し、ポリシロキサン中のフッ化アルキル基の含有量を求めた。なお、加熱後の残渣は、第1のユニット、第2のユニット、第3のユニットあるいはシルセスキオキサン由来のシロキサン部分とした。
10~1000倍の光学顕微鏡下、光学顕微鏡に設置した3次元電動マイクロマニピュレーター(Three-axis motorized micromanipulator)(商品名:EMM-3NV;(株)ナリシゲ(NARISHIGE)製)を用い、帯電ローラの表面層から300mg程度の試料を採取した。採取した試料を、固体29Si CP/MAS 核磁気共鳴スペクトル(日本電子社製 以下、固体29Si-NMRという)により測定した。その結果、下記表11に示すピークが確認された。
固体29Si-NMRにおいて、-55ppm付近のピークは、主にSi数が6のカゴ状構造由来することが多い。-65ppm付近のピークは、主に、Si数が8のカゴ状構造に由来することが多い。また、-90~-100ppm付近のピークは、Si数が10~16のカゴ状構造に由来することが多い。そこで、シルセスキオキサンのカゴ状構造に由来する、上記-55、-65、-90~-100ppmの各々におけるピークの面積をシルセスキオキサンのカゴ状構造を構成しているSi原子のmol数とした。
そして、Si原子のmol数としたピーク面積を、対応する特定の構造のシルセスキオキサンのカゴ状構造を構成しているSi原子の数で割った値を、シルセスキオキサンのmol数とした。前記シルセスキオキサンのmol数に換算したピーク面積を、前記第1のユニット、第2のユニットおよび第3のユニットに由来するピーク面積の総和で割った値を、表面層に含まれるカゴ状構造のmol%とした。
前記実施例に係る帯電ローラ1~18および比較例に係る帯電ローラC1およびC2を用いて下記の評価を行った。まず、各帯電ローラと電子写真感光体とを、これらを一体に支持するプロセスカートリッジ(商品名:「EP-85(ブラック)」、キヤノン(株)製)に組み込んだ。次いで、当該プロセスカートリッジを、A4紙縦出力用のレーザービームプリンター(商品名:「LBP-5500」、キヤノン(株)製)に装着した。このレーザービームプリンターの現像方式は反転現像方式であり、転写材の出力スピードは47mm/sであり、画像解像度は600dpiである。
各帯電ローラの表面層の耐摩耗性の指標として、初期の表面層の層厚(nm)に対する、6000枚出力後の表面層の層厚(nm)の比率を保持率として算出した。保持率が小さくなるほど摩耗しているものとした。表面層の層厚は上述の方法により測定して比較した。
帯電部材の表面層の摩耗に起因して帯電ムラが生じた場合に、電子写真画像に現れるスジの有無を観察した。観察に使用した画像として、A4紙に、電子写真感光体の回転方向と垂直方向に幅1ドット、間隔2ドットの横線を描く画像(ハーフトーン画像)を用いた。この画像の1枚目(初期)から6000枚目までの毎1000枚出力時に得られた出力画像を目視することによって行った。
1:縦スジが全く出ていない
2:縦スジがごく少量発生した
3:縦スジが大量に発生した
102 導電性弾性層
103 表面層
Claims (5)
- 支持体と、導電性の弾性層と、表面層とをこの順に有する帯電部材であって、該表面層は、ポリシロキサンとシルセスキオキサンとを含み、
該ポリシロキサンは、SiO0.5R1(OR2)(OR3)で示される第1のユニット、SiO1.0R4(OR5)で示される第2のユニットおよびSiO1.5R6で示される第3のユニットを有し、
該シルセスキオキサンは、下記の化合物(1)~(6)で示される化合物からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの化合物であることを特徴とする帯電部材:
[R1、R4およびR6は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、または置換もしくは無置換のアリール基を示し、R2、R3およびR5は各々独立に水素原子または置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基を示す。化合物(1)~(6)中、R101~R616は各々独立に置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基および下記式(7)で示される基から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。
(式(7)中、X、YおよびZは各々独立に、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基および置換もしくは無置換のアリール基から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、mは1~20の整数である。)] - 前記化合物(1)~(6)において、R101~R616は各々独立に炭素数が1~20の無置換のアルキル基および式(7)で示される基から選ばれる何れかであり、R101~R616から選ばれるいずれかの置換基が式(7)である場合において、式(7)中のXおよびYは炭素数1~3のアルキル基であり、Zは炭素数1~3のアルキル基またはシクロアルケニル変性アルキル基であり、mは1である請求項1に記載の帯電部材。
- 前記シルセスキオキサンが化合物(2)で示されるシルセスキオキサンであり、R201~R208が炭素数が1~20の分岐アルキル基、及び式(7)で示される基から選ばれる何れかであって、かつ、R201~R208の全てが同じ基である請求項2に記載の帯電部材。
- 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の帯電部材と該帯電部材と接触配置されている電子写真感光体とを有することを特徴とする電子写真装置。
- 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の帯電部材と、電子写真感光体1、現像手段5、転写手段6及びクリーニング手段7から選ばれる少なくとも1つの部材とを一体に保持し電子写真装置の本体に着脱自在に構成されていることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ。
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PCT/JP2010/007136 WO2011074210A1 (ja) | 2009-12-14 | 2010-12-08 | 帯電部材、プロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置 |
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US (1) | US8092358B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2515177B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4717959B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101372650B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102656523B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011074210A1 (ja) |
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JP5729988B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-15 | 2015-06-03 | キヤノン株式会社 | 帯電部材、プロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置 |
JP5264873B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-28 | 2013-08-14 | キヤノン株式会社 | 帯電部材、プロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置 |
JP4948666B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-06-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | 帯電部材及びその製造方法 |
WO2012042755A1 (ja) | 2010-09-27 | 2012-04-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | 帯電部材、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
JP4954344B2 (ja) | 2010-09-27 | 2012-06-13 | キヤノン株式会社 | 帯電部材及びその製造方法 |
JP4942233B2 (ja) | 2010-09-27 | 2012-05-30 | キヤノン株式会社 | 帯電部材、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
CN103154827B (zh) | 2010-09-27 | 2015-07-01 | 佳能株式会社 | 充电构件、处理盒和电子照相设备 |
EP2626747B1 (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2018-01-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Charging member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic device |
CN103380403B (zh) | 2011-02-15 | 2015-06-10 | 佳能株式会社 | 充电构件、其生产方法、处理盒和电子照相设备 |
CN103502894B (zh) | 2011-04-27 | 2015-11-25 | 佳能株式会社 | 充电构件、处理盒、电子照相设备和充电构件的生产方法 |
WO2013145616A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-03 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電子写真用部材の製造方法及びコーティング液 |
JP2016038578A (ja) * | 2014-08-08 | 2016-03-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | 帯電部材、プロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真画像形成装置 |
US9921513B2 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2018-03-20 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Charging member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
KR102491045B1 (ko) * | 2020-08-20 | 2023-01-19 | 인하대학교 산학협력단 | 대면적 대전체 폴리머 필름, 그의 제조방법 및 그를 이용한 마찰전기 발전소자 |
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- 2010-12-08 CN CN201080056626.4A patent/CN102656523B/zh active Active
- 2010-12-08 WO PCT/JP2010/007136 patent/WO2011074210A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-12-08 KR KR1020127017592A patent/KR101372650B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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US8092358B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 |
JP2011145660A (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
KR20120099763A (ko) | 2012-09-11 |
KR101372650B1 (ko) | 2014-03-10 |
CN102656523B (zh) | 2014-10-15 |
EP2515177B1 (en) | 2016-04-27 |
EP2515177A4 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
JP4717959B1 (ja) | 2011-07-06 |
CN102656523A (zh) | 2012-09-05 |
EP2515177A1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
US20110182617A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
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