WO2011074032A1 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011074032A1 WO2011074032A1 PCT/JP2009/006915 JP2009006915W WO2011074032A1 WO 2011074032 A1 WO2011074032 A1 WO 2011074032A1 JP 2009006915 W JP2009006915 W JP 2009006915W WO 2011074032 A1 WO2011074032 A1 WO 2011074032A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- refrigerant
- air vent
- manifold
- single cells
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04044—Purification of heat exchange media
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
- H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/249—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for extracting gas generated in a manifold for a cooling medium (refrigerant) in a fuel cell.
- Patent Document 1 As a means for extracting a gas generated in a cooling medium in a fuel cell, an apparatus for providing an air vent port communicating with a coolant supply passage at a position higher than a coolant supply port is known (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the present invention has been made to solve at least one of the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to easily discharge bubbles in the refrigerant of the fuel cell and to suppress current leakage through the refrigerant.
- the refrigerant supply / discharge manifold and the refrigerant discharge manifold are respectively connected to a refrigerant supply pipe and a refrigerant discharge pipe at an end portion on the vertically lower side of the fuel cell, and the air vent path includes the insulation
- the refrigerant discharge manifold or the refrigerant is formed so as to include a portion extending in a direction intersecting the stacking direction of the single cells in the plate.
- the air vent path including a portion extending in a direction intersecting with the stacking direction of the single cells is provided in the insulating plate vertically above the single cell. Therefore, air bubbles can be easily extracted upward, and the electrical resistance of the refrigerant in the air vent path can be increased, so that the leakage current through the air vent path can be reduced.
- one end of the air vent path is connected to the refrigerant discharge manifold or the refrigerant supply manifold, and the other end of the air vent path is an outer edge of the insulating plate.
- a fuel cell connected to a joint for taking air out near the center of the unit. According to this application example, since the length of the air vent path can be increased, the electrical resistance of the air vent path can be increased.
- the fuel cell further includes an end plate adjacent to the insulating plate, and the joint is stored so as not to protrude from a rectangular parallelepiped including the outer periphery of the end plate. Fuel cell. According to this application example, since other members are unlikely to contact the joint, current leakage is easily suppressed.
- the plurality of unit cells form two rows of parallel stacked bodies, and the two rows of stacked bodies have voltages in opposite directions. And is electrically connected by a common current collecting plate provided on the vertically lower side of the fuel cell, and each of the two stacked bodies is made up of the stacked single cells.
- An insulating plate disposed at an end portion on the vertically upper side, a refrigerant supply manifold that distributes the refrigerant to the plurality of single cells, a refrigerant discharge manifold that collects refrigerant discharged from the plurality of single cells, and the refrigerant supply
- a fuel cell comprising: a manifold or an air vent path for venting gas accumulated in the refrigerant discharge manifold.
- the present invention can also be applied to a fuel cell having two rows of stacked bodies.
- the insulating plate arranged at the end portion on the vertically upper side of the two stacked bodies constitutes one common insulating plate provided over the two stacked bodies. And the air vent path communicates within the common insulating plate. According to this application example, it is possible to have one leak path to the outside of the fuel cell.
- the form of the present invention is not limited to the fuel cell, and can be applied to other forms such as a vehicle equipped with a fuel cell, a method for removing gas from the cooling water of the fuel cell. Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it is needless to say that the present invention can be implemented in various forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows a fuel cell system typically. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the equivalent electric circuit of a fuel cell system. It is explanatory drawing which expands and shows the vicinity of the air vent path 200.
- FIG. It is a top view of the insulator 140 seen from the Z direction (stacking direction of a single cell). It is the side view of the insulator seen from the Y direction (direction along the plane of a single cell). It is a top view of the end plate 160 seen from the Z direction. It is the side view of the end plate 160 seen from the Y direction. It is a top view of end plate 160 seen from the Z direction in a modification.
- FIG. 9 is a side view of an insulator 140 and an end plate 160 as seen from the Y direction in the modification shown in FIG. 8. It is a part of side view of the fuel cell stack seen from the X direction in another modification. It is a top view of the current collection board in the modification shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other modification. It is a part of side view of the fuel cell stack seen from the X direction in the 2nd example. It is a top view of the insulator seen from the Z direction in the 2nd example. It is explanatory drawing which shows typically the electric circuit of a 2nd Example. It is explanatory drawing which shows the modification of a 2nd Example.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing a fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system 10 is mounted on a vehicle, for example, but its support structure is not shown.
- the fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel cell 100 and a radiator 300.
- the fuel cell 100 includes a cell stack 110, current collecting plates 120 and 130 sequentially installed at both ends thereof, insulators 140 and 150 (insulating plates), and end plates 160 and 170.
- the cell stack 110 includes a plurality of single cells 112 stacked vertically upward, the current collector plate 120 on the vertically upper side is a positive electrode plate, and the current collector plate 130 on the vertically lower side is a negative electrode plate. It is. However, the polarity of the electrode plate may be reversed.
- the two end plates 160 and 170 are fastened by a tension rod (not shown), thereby fastening the cell stack 110 with a constant fastening force.
- the lower end plate 170 is also used to attach the fuel cell stack to a vehicle body (not shown).
- the fuel cell 100 includes a cooling water supply manifold 180 and a cooling water discharge manifold 190 inside.
- the cooling water supply manifold 180 passes through the lower end plate 170, the insulator 150, the current collector 130, and the cell stack 110.
- the cooling water discharge manifold 190 also penetrates the upper current collector plate 120.
- a separator (not shown) between adjacent single cells 112 is provided with a cooling water flow path that connects the cooling water supply manifold 180 and the cooling water discharge manifold 190, but is not shown in FIG. Yes.
- the individual cells 112 of the fuel cell 100 are cooled by the water flowing through the cooling water flow path.
- the radiator 300 and the cooling water supply manifold 180 are connected by a cooling water supply pipe 310.
- the coolant supply pipe 310 and the coolant supply manifold 180 are connected by an end plate 170 on the vertically lower side of the fuel cell 100.
- a cooling water supply pump 330 is disposed on the cooling water supply pipe 310.
- the radiator 300 and the cooling water discharge manifold 190 are connected by a cooling water discharge pipe 320.
- the cooling water discharge pipe 320 and the cooling water discharge manifold 190 are connected by an end plate 170 on the vertically lower side of the fuel cell 100.
- the fuel cell system 10 further includes a fuel gas supply pipe, a fuel gas discharge pipe, an oxidizing gas supply pipe (not shown above), and an oxidizing gas discharge pipe 230.
- the reason why the pipes are collected in one of the stacking directions of the cell stack 110 is that, when the fuel cell 100 is mounted on the vehicle, the pipes are collected in one side in the housing portion (for example, the engine compartment) of the vehicle fuel cell 100 This is because the piping layout becomes easier.
- the reason why the pipe is arranged vertically below the fuel cell is that when the water generated by the electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell is discharged from the oxidizing gas discharge pipe 230, it is easier to discharge from below.
- the radiator 300 includes a radiator cap 302 and a sub tank 304 connected to the radiator cap 302.
- the radiator cap 302 and the sub tank 304 are used for adjusting the pressure in the radiator 300.
- the insulator 140 includes an air vent path 200 for removing the bubbles 400 accumulated at the top of the cooling water discharge manifold 190.
- the reason for providing the air vent path 200 at this position is that, when bubbles 400 are generated in the cooling water, in this embodiment, the cooling water discharge manifold that is the highest position in the vertical direction of the cooling water supply manifold 180 and the cooling water discharge manifold 190. This is because the bubble 400 tends to gather at the top of 190.
- the air vent path 200 is connected to the air vent hose 220 by a joint 210. The configuration in the vicinity will be described in detail later.
- the air bleeding hose 220 is connected to the cooling water discharge pipe 320.
- the air bleeding hose 220 may be connected to the radiator 300.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing an equivalent electric circuit of the fuel cell system.
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a vehicle body 500, a fuel cell 100, and a radiator 300.
- the radiator 300 and the fuel cell 100 are attached to the body 500, and the radiator 300 and the body 500, and the negative side end plate 170 of the fuel cell 100 and the body 500 are electrically connected. Yes. Therefore, the radiator 300 and the end plate 170 of the fuel cell 100 are electrically connected via the body 500.
- the radiator 300, the body 500, and the end plate 170 are made of a metal material. Therefore, the magnitude of the electrical resistance between the radiator 300 and the end plate 170 via the body 500 is extremely small.
- the potential of the body 500 is set to the ground potential (GND).
- the specific resistance (theoretical value) of water is 18.24 M ⁇ ⁇ cm at 25 ° C., the resistance value is extremely large, and water is substantially non-conductive. However, when impurities, particularly ions, are contained in water, the specific resistance becomes small, and water exhibits electrical conductivity. This ion is generated, for example, when metal is eluted as an ion from the metal material constituting the fuel cell 100 or the radiator 300. As described above, the specific resistance of the cooling water is smaller than the specific resistance of pure water. For example, it is easy to realize cooling water having a specific resistance of 1 M ⁇ ⁇ cm or more by using an ion exchanger. is there.
- the cooling water supply pipe 310 and the cooling water discharge pipe 320 provided between the radiator 300 and the minus side of the fuel cell 100 are depicted as electric resistances R 310 and R 320 .
- these electric resistances R 310 and R 320 may be ignored for the following reason.
- the radiator 300 and the end plate 170 of the fuel cell 100 are electrically connected via the body 500. Since the radiator 300, the body 500, and the end plate 170 are made of a metal material, the magnitude of electric resistance through the body between the radiator 300 and the end plate 170 is determined by the cooling water supply pipe 310 and the cooling water discharge pipe. This is because the electric resistance of 320 is much smaller than R 310 and R 320 .
- both the cooling water supply pipe 310 and the cooling water discharge pipe 320 are connected to the negative side of the fuel cell 100, the potential is the same. Therefore, no current flows from the cooling water supply pipe 310 to the cooling water discharge pipe 320, and no current flows from the cooling water discharge pipe 320 to the cooling water supply pipe 310.
- the cell stack 110 constitutes a series battery 114.
- the positive and negative current collecting plates 120 and 130 of the series battery 114 are connected to an external load 510.
- the current collector plate 130 and the end plate 170 are insulated by the insulator 150. Therefore, electrical conduction through the metal does not occur between the current collector plate 130 on the negative side and the end plate 170.
- the cooling water in the cooling water supply manifold 180 and the cooling water discharge manifold 190 exists between the current collector plate 130 on the negative side and the end plate 170. As described above, since the cooling water generally used in the fuel cell has electrical conductivity, electrical conduction through the cooling water is provided between the negative current collector plate 130 and the end plate 170. is there.
- the insulator 140 has an air vent path 200 that communicates with the cooling water discharge manifold 190.
- the air vent path 200 (detailed configuration will be described later) is connected to the cooling water discharge pipe 320 via a joint 210 and an air vent hose 220. Therefore, the current collector plate 120 on the plus side and the radiator 300 are electrically connected to each other by the cooling water present in the air vent path 200, the joint 210, the air vent hose 220, and the coolant drain pipe 320. To do.
- the leak current Ia Va / (R 200 + R 220 ). Note that the electrical resistance of the joint 210 and the cooling water discharge pipe 320 in the path of the electrical conduction, and sufficiently smaller than the resistance R 220 of the electrical resistance R 200 and the air vent hose 220 of the air vent passage 200, the leak current Ia is calculated.
- the electrical resistance R 200 of the air vent path 200 or the electrical resistance R 220 of the air vent hose 220 is increased. It is preferable to do.
- the air vent path 200 is inside the fuel cell 100, but the air vent hose 220 is outside the fuel cell 100.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the vicinity of the air vent path 200 in an enlarged manner.
- the air vent path 200 is formed in the insulator 140 and has a crank shape.
- the air vent path 200 includes a lower end portion 200A, an upper end portion 200B, and an electric resistance forming portion 200C.
- the lower end portion 200A communicates with the cooling water discharge manifold 190.
- the upper end portion 200B is connected to the joint 210.
- a hollow L-shaped member is used as the joint 210.
- the electric resistance forming part 200C is formed in a direction intersecting with the stacking direction of the single cells 112, and communicates the lower end part 200A and the upper end part 200B.
- the length of the electric resistance forming part 200C can be increased, and the electric resistance in the electric resistance forming part 200C can be increased.
- the position of the joint 210 is higher in the vertical direction than the air vent path 200.
- the bubbles 400 that have moved to the upper part of the cooling water discharge manifold 190 are discharged to the outside of the fuel cell 100 through the air vent path 200, the joint 210, and the air vent hose 220.
- the cooling water is also discharged through the same path, but since it is not the main discharge path of the cooling water, it is not necessary to make the air vent path 200 thick.
- the fuel cell 100 includes the cooling water flow path 185 that connects the cooling water supply manifold 180 and the cooling water discharge manifold 190 between the adjacent single cells 112.
- This cooling water channel 185 is formed inside a separator (not shown).
- FIG. 4 is a plan view of the insulator 140 viewed from the Z direction (single cell stacking direction).
- the insulator 140 includes two concave portions 141 and 142 and a pipe portion 143.
- the concave portions 141 and 142 are formed on opposite surfaces of the insulator 140, and constitute the lower end portion 200A and the upper end portion 200B shown in FIG.
- the pipe part 143 forms the electric resistance forming part 200C shown in FIG.
- the concave portion 141 is formed at a substantially central end portion on the short side of the insulator 140, specifically, at a position overlapping the cooling water discharge manifold 190 shown in FIG. 1, and the concave portion 142 is substantially at the long side of the insulator 140. It is formed at the center end. By doing so, the length L of the tube portion 143 can be increased, and the electric resistance of the electric resistance forming portion 200C (electric resistance R 200 in FIG. 2) can be increased.
- FIG. 5 is a side view of the insulator viewed from the Y direction (the direction along the plane of the single cell).
- the insulator 140 includes two insulator constituent members 140A and 140B.
- a concave portion 141A and a groove 143A are formed in the insulator constituent member 140A.
- the concave portion 141A passes through the insulator constituting member 140A.
- the concave portion 141A forms the concave portion 141 of FIG. 4 and constitutes the lower end portion 200A shown in FIG.
- a recess 142B is formed in the insulator constituent member 140B.
- the recess 142B penetrates the insulator constituent member 140B.
- the concave portion 142B forms the concave portion 142 of FIG.
- the groove 143A of the insulator constituent member 140A is dug from the position overlapping the concave portion 142B of the insulator constituent member 140B to the concave portion 141A when the two insulator constituent members 140A and 140B are bonded together.
- the groove 143A is formed in the insulator constituent member 140A, but may be formed in at least one of the insulator constituent members 140A and 140B.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the end plate 160 viewed from the Z direction.
- FIG. 7 is a side view of the end plate 160 viewed from the Y direction.
- the end plate 160 has a notch 162 at substantially the center of the long side of the surface 160b opposite to the surface 160a on which the insulator 140 is disposed.
- a hole 164 is formed from the bottom of the notch 162 toward the surface 160a on which the insulator 140 is disposed.
- the hole 164 communicates with the recess 142 (FIG. 4) of the insulator 140 when the end plate 160 and the insulator 140 are overlapped.
- a joint 210 is connected to the notch 162.
- a pipe joint for connecting the air bleeding hose 220 is provided at the tip of the joint 210.
- the joint 210 is accommodated in the notch 162, that is, is accommodated in a rectangular parallelepiped including the outer periphery of the end plate 160. If the joint 210 is within the rectangular parallelepiped including the outer periphery of the end plate 160, other members are unlikely to contact the joint 210 and current leakage is easily suppressed. Further, even when the vehicle collides and receives an impact, the joint 210 is not easily broken because it is protected by the end plate 160.
- the air vent path 200 is formed in the insulator 140 on the upper side of the fuel cell 100 so as to include the electric resistance forming portion 200C extending in the direction intersecting with the stacking direction of the single cells 112.
- the electric resistance of the air vent path 200 can be increased. As a result, it is possible to reduce the leakage current through the air vent path 200.
- the joint 210 is connected to the concave portion 142 in the vicinity of the center in the insulator 140, so that the length L of the pipe portion 143 can be increased, and the electric resistance forming portion 200C The electric resistance can be increased.
- the joint 210 is accommodated in the notch 162 of the end plate 160, that is, so as not to protrude from the outer edge. Therefore, since other members do not easily contact the joint 210, current leakage is easily suppressed. Even when the vehicle collides and receives an impact, it is protected by the end plate 160 and the joint 210 is not easily broken.
- FIG. 8 is a plan view of the end plate 160 viewed from the Z direction in the modification.
- FIG. 9 is a side view of the insulator 140 and the end plate 160 as seen from the Y direction in the modification shown in FIG.
- the notch 162 is provided in the approximate center of the long side of the end plate 160. 163 is formed.
- the joint 210 bent in an L shape is used, but in this modification, a straight joint 211 is used. Further, the position of the end portion 200B of the air vent path 200 formed in the insulator 140 is moved in accordance with the position of the concave portion 163 of the end plate 160.
- the joint 211 may be provided at a position slightly spaced from the approximate center of the long side of the end plate 160 toward the center of the end plate 160. According to this modification, since the joint 211 is covered on five sides of the six sides except the upper side, other members are less likely to contact the joint 211 and current leakage is easily suppressed. Further, even when the vehicle collides and receives an impact, the joint 211 is more difficult to break.
- FIG. 10 is a part of a side view of the fuel cell stack as seen from the X direction in another modification.
- FIG. 11 is a plan view of a current collector plate in the modification shown in FIG.
- the insulator 140 includes a belt-like convex portion 145 on the current collector plate 120 side, and an air vent tube 201 inside the convex portion 145.
- the air vent tube 201 functions as the air vent path 200.
- the insulator 140 having the air vent tube 201 is made of an insulating resin, and can be formed by injection molding in a state including the air vent tube 201. As described above, the insulator 140 may be formed by bonding a plurality of insulator constituent members.
- the current collector plate 120 includes a strip-shaped recess 121 for accommodating the protrusion 145 of the insulator 140.
- the current collector 120 only needs to be able to collect the electricity generated by the single cell 112 and is not required to be strong, and thus may have such a recess 121.
- the insulator 140 has the air vent path 200 not on the inside but on the convex portion 145, the strength of the insulator 140 can be increased. Note that the air vent path 200 does not have to be entirely within the convex portion 145, and at least a part of the air vent path 200 may be within the convex portion 145.
- the current collector plate 120 includes a seal member 123 on a surface opposite to the insulator 140.
- a single cell 112 is disposed on the side of the current collector plate 120 opposite to the insulator 140.
- the single cell 112 penetrates through a manifold (not shown) for supplying and discharging reaction gases (fuel gas and oxidizing gas).
- the seal member 123 seals the cooling water and these reaction gases so as not to leak from the boundary between the current collector plate 120 and the single cell 112.
- the recess 121 is preferably formed in a portion where the seal member 123 is not provided. It is possible to suppress the surface pressure of the seal member 123 from becoming unstable.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing another modification.
- the end plate 160 may be used to fix the fuel cell 100 to the body 500.
- the end plate 160 is grounded to the body 500 (FIG. 2).
- the current collecting plate 120 is electrically connected to the end plate 160 through the cooling water in the air vent passage 200 and also connected to the body 500. That is, a leak current flows from the current collector 120 to the body 500.
- the upper end plate 160 may be grounded to the body 500.
- a metal joint can be used as the joint 210. Since the end plate 160 is grounded to the body 500, current leakage from the joint 210 through water in the air bleeding hose 220 can be ignored.
- FIG. 13 is a part of a side view of the fuel cell stack as viewed from the X direction in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a plan view of the insulator viewed from the Z direction in the second embodiment.
- the fuel cell system includes two cell stacks 110A and 110B formed by stacking single cells 112.
- the two cell stacks 110A and 110B are arranged in the horizontal direction (X direction in the drawing). And the direction of the electromotive force of these two cell stacks 110A and 110B is opposite.
- each of the cell stacks 110A and 110B includes air vent paths 202A and 202B, respectively.
- the concave portion 141A of the air vent path 202A connected to the cooling water discharge manifold (not shown) is disposed on the outer edge portion on the opposite side to the cell stack 110B.
- the two air vent paths 202A and 202B are merged, so that only one joint 210 and one air vent hose 220 are required.
- the electrical resistance (R 202A , R 202B ) of the air vent paths 202A and 202B can be increased.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory view schematically showing an electric circuit of the second embodiment.
- the two cell stacks 110A and 110B form series batteries 114A and 114B, respectively.
- the direction of the electromotive force of the series batteries 114A and 114B is opposite.
- a current collecting plate 120A is provided on the vertical upper side (plus side) of the cell stack 110A.
- a current collecting plate 120B is provided on the vertical upper side (minus side) of the cell stack 110B.
- the two current collector plates 120A and 120B are insulated from each other.
- the current collector plates 120 ⁇ / b> A and 120 ⁇ / b> B are connected to the load 500.
- the cell stacks 110A and 110B include an insulator 140 and an end plate 160 on the upper side of the current collector plates 120A and 120B.
- the insulator 140 and the end plate 160 are not divided for the cell stacks 110A and 110B but are shared.
- the cell stacks 110 ⁇ / b> A and 110 ⁇ / b> B include a current collector plate 130, an insulator 150, and an end plate 170 on the vertically lower side.
- the current collector 130 is not divided for the cell stacks 110A and 110B, and connects the negative side of the series battery 114A and the positive side of the series battery 114B. It is the same that the insulator 150 and the end plate 170 are not divided for the cell stacks 110A and 110B.
- two air vent paths 202A and 202B are formed, and thereby electric resistances R 202A and R 202B are formed.
- the two air vent paths 202A and 202B merge to form an air vent path 202C, and are connected to the air vent hose 220 via a joint 210 (not shown).
- the current collector plate 130 for electrically connecting the two cell stacks 110A and 110B in series is preferably provided on the cooling water supply pipe 310 and the cooling water discharge pipe 320 side.
- Cooling water supply pipe 310A that supplies cooling water to cell stack 110A and cooling water supply pipe 310B that supplies cooling water to cell stack 110B have the same potential, and cooling is performed so that cooling water is discharged from cell stack 110A.
- the insulator 140 for the cell stack 110A and 110B, and the two air vent paths 202A and 202B are joined (communication) in the insulator 140. Thereby, the leak path
- the insulator 140 may be provided independently for the cell stacks 110A and 110B, and the joint 210 and the air bleeding hose 220 may be provided independently.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory view showing a modification of the second embodiment.
- two cell stacks 110A and 110B are arranged in parallel in the Y direction. That is, the cell stack 110A is slightly higher in the vertical direction.
- the length of the air vent path for the cell stack 110A may be shorter than the length of the air vent path for the cell stack 110B. Since the electric resistance is proportional to the length / area, the length / area of the air vent for the cell stack 110A and the length / area of the air vent for the cell stack 110B are substantially the same.
- a vent path may be formed.
- the shape of the electric resistance forming portion 200C (tube portion 143) of the air vent path 200 is a straight straight shape, but it is a bent shape or a curved shape. May be. Since the length of the electric resistance forming portion 200C can be made longer than the straight linear shape, the electric resistance 200R can be increased.
- the notch 162 and the recess 163 are provided in the end plate 160 and the joint 210 is disposed there.
- the notch and the recess are provided in the insulator 140 and the joint 210 is disposed there. May be.
- the cooling water is taken as an example of the refrigerant, but other refrigerants may be used.
- the cell stack 110 in which the cells 112 are stacked in the vertical oblique direction has been described as an example, but the stacking direction of the cells may be the vertical direction.
- the air vent path 200 is connected to the coolant discharge manifold 190, but the air vent path 200 may be connected to the coolant supply manifold 180.
- Cooling water flow path 190 ... Cooling water discharge manifold 200, 202A, 202B, 202C ... Air vent path 200A ... Lower end part 200B ... Upper end part 200C ... Electric resistance forming part Air vent 201 ... Tubes 210, 211 ... Joint 220 ... Air vent Hose 230 ... Oxidizing gas discharge pipe 300 ... Radiator 302 ... Radiator cap 304 ... Sub tank 310 ... Cooling water supply pipe 320 ... Cooling water discharge pipe 330 ... Cooling water supply pump 400 ... Bubble 500 ... Body 510 ... external load Ia ... leakage current Ib ... leakage current R 200, R 220, R 310 , R 320, R 202A, R 202B ... resistance Va ... electromotive force (voltage)
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Abstract
Description
燃料電池であって、鉛直上下方向または鉛直斜め上下方向に積層された複数の単セルと、前記積層された複数の単セルの鉛直上方側の端部に配置された絶縁板と、前記複数の単セルに冷媒を分配する冷媒供給マニホールド及び前記複数の単セルから排出された冷媒を集合する冷媒排出マニホールドと、前記冷媒供給マニホールドまたは前記冷媒排出マニホールドに溜まった気体を抜くためのエア抜き路と、を備え、前記冷媒供給排出マニホールド及び前記冷媒排出マニホールドは、前記燃料電池の鉛直下方側の端部において、冷媒供給配管、冷媒排出配管にそれぞれ接続されており、前記エア抜き路は、前記絶縁板中に前記単セルの積層方向と交わる方向に延びる部分を含むように形成されており、前記冷媒排出マニホールドまたは前記冷媒供給マニホールドの鉛直方向上端側において、前記冷媒排出マニホールドまたは前記冷媒供給マニホールドと接続されている、燃料電池。
この適用例によれば、単セルの鉛直上側の絶縁板中に単セルの積層方向と交わる方向に延びる部分を含むエア抜き路を備えている。そのため、気泡を上側に抜きやすいとともに、エア抜き路の中の冷媒の電気抵抗を大きくとることができるので、エア抜き路を介したリーク電流を少なくすることが可能となる。
適用例1に記載の燃料電池において、前記エア抜き路の一方の端部は、前記冷媒排出マニホールドまたは前記冷媒供給マニホールドと接続され、前記エア抜き路の他方の端部は、前記絶縁板の外縁部の中央近傍で、エアを外部に取り出すためのジョイントに接続されている、燃料電池。
この適用例によれば、エア抜き路の長さを長く取れるので、エア抜き路の電気抵抗を大きくすることが可能となる。
適用例1または適用例2に記載の燃料電池において、さらに、前記絶縁板に隣接するエンドプレートを備え、前記ジョイントは、前記エンドプレートの外周を包含する直方体からはみ出ないように収められている、燃料電池。
この適用例によれば、他の部材がジョイントに接触しにくいため、電流リークを抑制しやすい。
適用例1から適用例3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池において、前記複数の単セルは、2列の平行な積層体を形成しており、前記2列の積層体は、互いに逆方向に電圧を発生するように積層されているとともに、前記燃料電池の鉛直下方側に設けられた共用集電板によって電気的に接続されており、前記2つの積層体それぞれが、前記積層された単セルの鉛直上方側の端部に配置された絶縁板と、前記前記複数の単セルに冷媒を分配する冷媒供給マニホールド及び前記複数の単セルから排出された冷媒を集合する冷媒排出マニホールドと、前記冷媒供給マニホールドまたは前記冷媒排出マニホールドに溜まった気体を抜くためのエア抜き路と、を備える、燃料電池。
この適用例によれば、積層体が2列存在する燃料電池においても適用可能である。
適用例4に記載の燃料電池において、前記2つの積層体の鉛直上方側の端部に配置された前記絶縁板は、前記2つの積層体に渡って設けられた1つの共用絶縁板を構成しており、前記エア抜き路は、前記共用絶縁板内で連通している、燃料電池。
この適用例によれば、燃料電池外へのリーク経路を1つにすることが可能となる。
図1は、燃料電池システムを模式的に示す説明図である。この燃料電池システム10は、たとえば、車両に搭載されるが、その支持構造は図示を省略している。燃料電池システム10は、燃料電池100と、ラジエータ300とを備える。燃料電池100は、セルスタック110と、その両端に順次設置された集電板120、130と、インシュレーター140、150(絶縁板)と、エンドプレート160、170とを備える。セルスタック110は、鉛直斜め上方向に積層された複数の単セル112を備えており、鉛直上方側の集電板120が正電極板であり、鉛直下方側の集電板130は負電極板である。但し電極板の正負は逆であってもよい。
図8は、変形例におけるZ方向から見たエンドプレート160の平面図である。図9は、図8に示す変形例におけるY方向から見たインシュレーター140とエンドプレート160の側面図である。図6に示す例では、エンドプレート160の長辺のほぼ中央に切り欠き162を備えていたが、この変形例では、長辺のほぼ中央からエンドプレート160の中央方向にやや離間した位置に凹部163が形成されている。図6に示す例では、L字型に曲がったジョイント210を用いているが、この変形例では、真っ直ぐなジョイント211を用いている。また、インシュレーター140に形成されるエア抜き路200の端部200Bの位置は、エンドプレート160の凹部163の位置にあわせて移動している。このように、エンドプレート160の長辺のほぼ中央からエンドプレート160の中央方向にやや離間した位置にジョイント211を備えるように構成してもよい。この変形例によれば、ジョイント211は、6方のうち上方を除いた5方を覆われているので、他の部材がジョイント211に、より接触し難く、電流リークを抑制しやすい。また、車両が衝突して衝撃を受けたときでも、ジョイント211が、より壊れにくい。
図13は、第2の実施例におけるX方向から見た燃料電池スタックの側面図の一部である。図14は、第2の実施例におけるZ方向から見たインシュレーターの平面図である。第2の実施例では、燃料電池システムは、単セル112が積層して形成される2つのセルスタック110A、110Bを備えている。この実施例では、図14に示すように、2つのセルスタック110A、110Bは、水平方向(図面のX方向)に並んでいる。そして、この2つのセルスタック110A、110Bの起電力の向きは逆である。
100、100A、100B…燃料電池
110、110A、110B…セルスタック
112…単セル
114、114A、114B…直列電池
120、120A、120B、130…集電板
121…凹部
123…シール部材
140…インシュレーター(絶縁板)
140A、140B…インシュレーター構成部材
141、142、141A、142B…凹部
143…管部
143A…溝
145…凸部
150…インシュレーター
160…エンドプレート
163…凹部
164…孔
170…エンドプレート
180…冷却水供給マニホールド
185…冷却水流路
190…冷却水排出マニホールド
200、202A、202B、202C…エア抜き路
200A…下端部
200B…上端部
200C…電気抵抗形成部
エア抜き201…チューブ
210、211…ジョイント
220…エア抜きホース
230…酸化ガス排出配管
300…ラジエータ
302…ラジエータキャップ
304…サブタンク
310…冷却水供給配管
320…冷却水排出配管
330…冷却水供給ポンプ
400…気泡
500…ボディ
510…外部負荷
Ia…リーク電流
Ib…リーク電流
R200、R220、R310、R320、R202A、R202B…電気抵抗
Va…起電力(電位)
Claims (5)
- 燃料電池であって、
鉛直上下方向または鉛直斜め上下方向に積層された複数の単セルと、
前記積層された複数の単セルの鉛直上方側の端部に配置された絶縁板と、
前記複数の単セルに冷媒を分配する冷媒供給マニホールド及び前記複数の単セルから排出された冷媒を集合する冷媒排出マニホールドと、
前記冷媒供給マニホールドまたは前記冷媒排出マニホールドに溜まった気体を抜くためのエア抜き路と、
を備え、
前記冷媒供給排出マニホールド及び前記冷媒排出マニホールドは、前記燃料電池の鉛直下方側の端部において、冷媒供給配管、冷媒排出配管にそれぞれ接続されており、
前記エア抜き路は、
前記絶縁板中に前記単セルの積層方向と交わる方向に延びる部分を含むように形成されており、
前記冷媒排出マニホールドまたは前記冷媒供給マニホールドの鉛直方向上端側において、前記冷媒排出マニホールドまたは前記冷媒供給マニホールドと接続されている、
燃料電池。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池において、
前記エア抜き路の一方の端部は、前記冷媒排出マニホールドまたは前記冷媒供給マニホールドと接続され、
前記エア抜き路の他方の端部は、前記絶縁板の外縁部の中央近傍で、エアを外部に取り出すためのジョイントに接続されている、燃料電池。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の燃料電池において、さらに、
前記絶縁板に隣接するエンドプレートを備え、
前記ジョイントは、前記エンドプレートの外周を包含する直方体からはみ出ないように収められている、燃料電池。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の燃料電池において、
前記複数の単セルは、2列の平行な積層体を形成しており、
前記2列の積層体は、互いに逆方向に電圧を発生するように積層されているとともに、前記燃料電池の鉛直下方側に設けられた共用集電板によって電気的に接続されており、
前記2つの積層体それぞれが、
前記積層された単セルの鉛直上方側の端部に配置された絶縁板と、
前記前記複数の単セルに冷媒を分配する冷媒供給マニホールド及び前記複数の単セルから排出された冷媒を集合する冷媒排出マニホールドと、
前記冷媒供給マニホールドまたは前記冷媒排出マニホールドに溜まった気体を抜くためのエア抜き路と、
を備える、
燃料電池。 - 請求項4に記載の燃料電池において、
前記2つの積層体の鉛直上方側の端部に配置された前記絶縁板は、前記2つの積層体に渡って設けられた1つの共用絶縁板を構成しており、
前記エア抜き路は、前記共用絶縁板内で連通している、燃料電池。
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DE112009005443.9T DE112009005443B8 (de) | 2009-12-16 | 2009-12-16 | Brennstoffzellensystem |
JP2011504081A JP5218640B2 (ja) | 2009-12-16 | 2009-12-16 | 燃料電池 |
PCT/JP2009/006915 WO2011074032A1 (ja) | 2009-12-16 | 2009-12-16 | 燃料電池 |
CN2009801407099A CN102187508B (zh) | 2009-12-16 | 2009-12-16 | 燃料电池 |
US13/003,840 US8563190B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2009-12-16 | Fuel cell system including coolant de-airing passage |
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JP2016085819A (ja) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-05-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池スタック |
JP2019040819A (ja) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2019079779A (ja) * | 2017-03-01 | 2019-05-23 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
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GB2505958B (en) | 2012-09-18 | 2020-12-30 | Intelligent Energy Ltd | Excess coolant fluid feed to fuel cell stacks |
JP2020009550A (ja) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-01-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池の冷却システム |
CN110233278A (zh) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-13 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池电堆模块流体分配结构 |
CN113113636A (zh) * | 2020-01-13 | 2021-07-13 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | 燃料电池用歧管装置及电堆 |
CN117836470A (zh) * | 2021-08-04 | 2024-04-05 | 赫勒电解公司 | 用于电解制气的装置 |
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DE112009005443T5 (de) | 2012-11-29 |
CN102187508A (zh) | 2011-09-14 |
DE112009005443B4 (de) | 2014-09-04 |
CN102187508B (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
US8563190B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
JP5218640B2 (ja) | 2013-06-26 |
DE112009005443B8 (de) | 2014-10-30 |
JPWO2011074032A1 (ja) | 2013-04-25 |
US20110143248A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
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