WO2011070746A1 - 燃料電池システム、及び電子装置 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム、及び電子装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011070746A1 WO2011070746A1 PCT/JP2010/007002 JP2010007002W WO2011070746A1 WO 2011070746 A1 WO2011070746 A1 WO 2011070746A1 JP 2010007002 W JP2010007002 W JP 2010007002W WO 2011070746 A1 WO2011070746 A1 WO 2011070746A1
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- fuel
- voltage
- predetermined value
- power generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04626—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system and an electronic device including the fuel cell system as a power source.
- Such portable electronic devices generally include a secondary battery as a driving power source. Therefore, development of a secondary battery that is small and lightweight and has a high energy density is desired.
- a fuel cell generally has a structure of a stacked body (cell stack) in which single cells are stacked.
- a single cell includes a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) consisting of an anode and a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween.
- MEA membrane-electrode assembly
- the cell stack has a structure in which a plurality of MEAs are stacked with a conductive separator interposed therebetween. End plates are arranged at both ends of the cell stack in the stacking direction.
- a fuel is supplied to the anode of each single cell, and an oxidant is supplied to the cathode.
- DMFC direct methanol fuel cell
- methanol as fuel is taken out from the fuel tank, diluted with water, and sent to the anode.
- oxygen in the air is generally used as the oxidizing agent.
- the membrane-electrode assembly may be reversed, and the fuel cell may be unable to generate power.
- Patent Document 1 proposes that the remaining amount of fuel in the fuel tank detected on the fuel cell side is transmitted to the load device side by digital communication and displayed on the load device side.
- Patent Document 1 a communication line for transmitting the remaining amount of fuel detected on the fuel cell side to the load device side is required, and the communication circuit is required for both the fuel cell system and the external device. Become. This is a particularly serious problem in portable devices where miniaturization and weight reduction are important. Also, if such a communication line or communication circuit is provided, the system becomes complicated and the stability of the system is impaired, for example, the possibility that a failure will occur increases.
- an object of the present invention is to facilitate the reduction in size and weight of a fuel cell system and an electronic device including the fuel cell system as a power source.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system that stops power generation of the fuel cell or reduces the amount of power generation so that the state of charge is smaller than a predetermined value Y.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an electronic device including the above fuel cell system and a load device or an electronic device that receives power supply from the fuel cell system,
- the fuel cell system includes an output unit that outputs a voltage according to a state of charge of the power storage unit,
- the load device is Based on a voltage detection unit that detects an output voltage of the fuel cell system, and a detection value of the voltage detection unit, it is determined that the remaining amount of fuel is equal to or less than the predetermined value A, and the fuel cell runs out of fuel.
- the present invention relates to an electronic device including a processing unit that performs a warning process.
- the present invention it is easy to reduce the size and weight of a fuel cell system and an electronic device including the fuel cell system as a power source.
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell, a power storage unit that stores power generated by the fuel cell, a tank that stores fuel supplied to the fuel cell, a fuel remaining amount sensor that detects a fuel remaining amount in the tank, and a power storage unit
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system including an SOC detection unit that detects the state of charge of the fuel cell and a control device that controls the operation of the fuel cell.
- the state of charge (SOC) detected by the SOC detector is a parameter indicating how much the secondary battery is charged with respect to the nominal capacity. In the initial battery, the fully charged state corresponding to the nominal voltage corresponds to 100%, and the fully discharged state corresponding to the end-of-discharge voltage corresponds to 0%.
- the control device (i) when the remaining amount of fuel is larger than the predetermined value A, (a) the fuel cell so that the charged state is equal to or smaller than the predetermined value X when the charged state is equal to or larger than the predetermined value X. (B) When the state of charge is equal to or lower than a predetermined value Y (Y ⁇ X), the fuel state is set to be equal to or higher than the predetermined value Y. An operation for starting power generation of the battery or increasing the power generation amount is executed. On the other hand, (ii) when the remaining amount of fuel is equal to or less than the predetermined value A, (c) the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped or the power generation amount is decreased so that the state of charge is smaller than the predetermined value Y.
- the control device of the fuel cell system maintains the state of charge (SOC) of the power storage unit between the predetermined value X and the predetermined value Y when the fuel remaining amount of the fuel cell system is larger than the predetermined value A.
- SOC state of charge
- the operation of the fuel cell is controlled so that the SOC of the power storage unit is lower than the predetermined value Y.
- control device continues the operation of step (c) until the remaining amount of fuel becomes a predetermined value B (B> A) or more. That is, the power generation of the fuel cell is stopped or the power generation is continued with the reduced power generation amount. This prevents the fuel cell from being frequently started and stopped. As a result, it is possible to prevent the life of the fuel cell from being shortened.
- the output voltage of the fuel cell system is substantially equal to the voltage of the power storage unit.
- the power storage unit is not charged. In such a case, the output voltage of the fuel cell system is always stored. It is almost equal to the voltage of the part.
- the SOC of the power storage unit is smaller than the predetermined value Y. In other cases, the SOC of the power storage unit does not normally become smaller than the predetermined value Y. Therefore, if the remaining amount of fuel is greater than the predetermined value A, the output voltage of the fuel cell system will not normally become smaller than the voltage Eoy when the SOC of the power storage unit is the predetermined value Y. Therefore, by monitoring the output voltage of the fuel cell system on the load device side, it is possible to determine that the remaining fuel amount is equal to or less than the predetermined value A.
- the output voltage is zero if the power storage unit is being charged. At that time, the remaining amount of fuel is greater than the predetermined value A. Therefore, if the output voltage is zero, it can be determined that the remaining amount of fuel is greater than the predetermined value A.
- the processing unit detects the voltage Ed (i-1) detected by the voltage detection unit at a predetermined time after the detection value of the voltage detection unit falls below a voltage corresponding to the predetermined value Y, and the voltage Ed.
- the processing unit detects the voltage Ed (i-1) detected by the voltage detection unit at a predetermined time after the detection value of the voltage detection unit falls below a voltage corresponding to the predetermined value Y, and the voltage Ed.
- the processing unit includes a determination unit and a warning processing unit.
- the predetermined time is the time from when the operation of step (b) is executed until the fuel cell actually starts output, or until the power generation amount of the fuel cell actually starts to increase. It is preferable to set the time Ta as a reference.
- step (b) When the remaining amount of fuel is larger than the predetermined value A, when the SOC of the power storage unit decreases to the predetermined value Y in step (b), an operation for starting power generation of the fuel cell or increasing the power generation amount is executed. The When such an operation is executed, charging of the power storage unit is started, the SOC of the power storage unit increases, and the output voltage of the fuel cell system increases. Therefore, it can be said that the voltage Ed (i) is larger than the voltage Ed (i-1).
- step (c) when the remaining amount of fuel is equal to or less than the predetermined value A, as a result of the operation of step (c), the SOC of the power storage unit decreases due to the power consumption of the load device, and the output voltage of the fuel cell system decreases. I will do it. For this reason, the voltage Ed (i) is equal to or lower than the voltage Ed (i-1). Therefore, if the voltage Ed (i) is equal to or lower than the voltage Ed (i-1), it can be considered that the remaining amount of fuel is equal to or lower than the predetermined value A.
- the time Ta is preferably set according to the power consumption of the electronic device.
- the time Ta is preferably set as long as possible in consideration of the accuracy of the determination. However, if the time Ta is increased, the time until it is determined whether or not the remaining amount of fuel is equal to or less than the predetermined value A is increased. In particular, when the power consumption of the load device is large, if the time until the determination is too long, the power storage unit may be overdischarged or it may be difficult to restart the fuel cell with the power of the power storage unit Is also possible.
- the time Ta based on the power consumption of the electronic device, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the determination by setting the time Ta as long as possible while eliminating such adverse effects.
- FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an abstract cross-sectional view of the structure of a single cell included in the fuel cell system.
- the fuel cell system 2 includes a fuel cell 10 which is a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), a fuel tank 12, a fuel pump 14, an air pump 16, a control unit 18 having a calculation unit 18a, a power storage unit 20, a voltage sensor. 21, a DC / DC converter 22, a water recovery device 24, an output switch 26, a remaining fuel sensor 28, and the like.
- DMFC direct methanol fuel cell
- the fuel tank 12 stores methanol as fuel.
- the fuel pump 14 sends to the fuel cell 10 a methanol aqueous solution obtained by mixing the fuel from the fuel tank 12 and the water from the water recovery device 24 or a thin methanol aqueous solution.
- a DC / DC converter 22 is connected to the positive terminal 10 a and the negative terminal 10 b which are output terminals of the fuel cell 10.
- the electric power generated by the fuel cell 10 is converted into a desired voltage by the DC / DC converter 22 and output.
- the output terminal of the DC / DC converter 22 is connected to the power storage unit 20 and to the load device 3 via the output switch 26.
- the power storage unit 20 stores the output of the fuel cell 10 sent via the DC / DC converter 22.
- the electric power stored in the power storage unit 20 is sent to the load device 3 via the output switch 26 as necessary.
- the control unit 18 controls the driving of the fuel pump 14 and the air pump 16, adjusts the output voltage of the DC / DC converter 22, and switches the output switch 26. Thereby, the output to the load device 3 of the electric power generated by the fuel cell 10 and the charge / discharge to the power storage unit 20 are controlled.
- the remaining fuel sensor 28 outputs a signal corresponding to the amount of fuel in the fuel tank 12 to the control unit 18.
- the remaining fuel sensor 28 may have a structure in which a pair of electrodes are respectively disposed on opposite side surfaces of the fuel tank 12 that is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped.
- the ratio between the gas portion and the liquid portion between the pair of electrodes changes according to the amount of fuel remaining in the fuel tank 12 (hereinafter referred to as fuel remaining amount).
- fuel remaining amount the electric capacity (electrostatic capacity) between a pair of electrodes changes.
- the calculation unit 18a of the control unit 18 calculates the remaining amount of fuel based on the electric capacity.
- the fuel tank 12 constitutes a part of the electric capacity connected in series between the electrodes. Therefore, in order to improve detection accuracy, the fuel tank 12 is preferably made of a material having a low dielectric constant (for example, a resin such as polypropylene or polycarbonate).
- the load device 3 is based on the voltage detection unit 34 that detects the output voltage of the fuel cell system 2, the storage unit 36 that stores the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit 34, and the voltage detected by the voltage detection unit 34.
- a determination unit 38 that determines whether the fuel cell system 2 is out of fuel and a power consumption detection unit 40 that detects the power consumption of the load device 3 are included.
- a known voltage sensor can be used for the voltage detector 34.
- storage part 36, the determination part 38, and the power consumption detection part 40 are implement
- the power consumption detector 40 calculates the power consumption of the load device 3 from the voltage detected by the voltage detector 34 and the output current of the fuel cell system 2 detected by a current sensor (not shown).
- the storage unit 36, the determination unit 38, and the power consumption detection unit 40 constitute one processing unit.
- the load device 3 can be an electronic device such as a mobile phone, a notebook computer, a video camera, or a portable TV.
- the fuel cell 10 usually has a structure in which plate-shaped or sheet-shaped single cells are stacked.
- a stack of single cells is called a cell stack.
- the single cell itself is a single fuel cell. And it is also possible to comprise the fuel cell 10 from only one single cell.
- the single cell 42 includes a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) 44 that is an electromotive portion.
- MEA 44 has a layered structure in which a sheet-like anode 50 is joined to one surface of the electrolyte membrane 54 and a sheet-like cathode 52 is joined to the other surface of the electrolyte membrane 54.
- the anode 50 includes an anode diffusion layer 56, an anode microporous layer (MPL) 58, and an anode catalyst layer 60.
- the anode catalyst layer 60 is in contact with the electrolyte membrane 54, and the anode MPL 58 is laminated on the anode catalyst layer 60.
- the anode diffusion layer 56 is laminated on the anode MPL 58.
- the cathode 52 includes a cathode diffusion layer 62, a cathode microporous layer (MPL) 64, and a cathode catalyst layer 66.
- the cathode catalyst layer 66 is in contact with the electrolyte membrane 54, and the cathode MPL 64 is laminated on the cathode catalyst layer 66.
- the cathode diffusion layer 62 is stacked on the cathode MPL 64.
- the MEAs 44 of the single cells 42 are stacked with a plate-like separator 46 made of a conductor interposed therebetween.
- a fuel supply path 68 for supplying fuel to the anode 50 is formed on the surface of the separator 46 that contacts the anode diffusion layer 56.
- an oxidant supply path 70 for supplying an oxidant to the cathode 52 is formed on the surface of the separator 46 that contacts the cathode diffusion layer 62.
- Each supply path 68 and 70 can be formed by providing a groove on each surface of the separator 46, for example.
- a separator 46 in which only the fuel supply path 68 is formed on one surface is provided at the end where the anode 50 is located outside the stacking direction. The surface can be placed in contact with the anode 50.
- the negative electrode terminal 10 b of the fuel cell 10 is electrically connected to the separator 46.
- the separator 46 in which only the oxidant supply path 70 is formed on one surface is disposed at the end where the cathode 52 is located outside in the stacking direction so that the surface contacts the cathode 52. Can do.
- the positive electrode terminal 10 a of the fuel cell 10 is electrically connected to the separator 46.
- End plates (not shown) can be arranged on the outer sides of the separators 46 at both ends in the stacking direction of the single cells 42 in the cell stack.
- An aqueous solution containing methanol as a fuel is supplied to the anode 50 through a fuel supply path 68, and air containing oxygen as an oxidant is supplied to the cathode 52 through an oxidant supply path 70.
- Methanol and water vapor derived from the methanol aqueous solution supplied to the anode 50 are diffused in the surface direction in the anode diffusion layer 56 and supplied to the anode catalyst layer 60 through the anode MPL 58.
- the oxygen-containing air supplied to the cathode 52 is diffused in the surface direction by the cathode diffusion layer 62 and supplied to the cathode catalyst layer 66 through the cathode MPL 64.
- excess methanol is discharged together with water without reacting at the anode catalyst layer 60, and is recovered by the water recovery device 24.
- Methanol and water (thin aqueous methanol solution) recovered by the water recovery unit 24 are mixed with methanol from the fuel tank 12 via the liquid return path 30 and sent to the fuel pump 14.
- Carbon dioxide produced at the anode 50 (see the above reaction formula (1)) is sent to the water recovery unit 24 together with the aqueous methanol solution, separated from the aqueous methanol solution in the water recovery unit 24, and released to the outside.
- the one not used for the reaction is supplied to the water recovery unit 24 as a gas-liquid mixture mixed with the produced water (see the above reaction formula (2)). Sent.
- air that has not been used for the reaction from the gas-liquid mixture is separated from the water and discharged to the outside.
- the produced water is mixed with the aqueous methanol solution from the anode 50 and returned to the fuel pump 14.
- the anode diffusion layer 56 and the cathode diffusion layer 62 can be composed of carbon paper, carbon felt, carbon cloth, or the like.
- the anode MPL 58 and the cathode microporous layer 64 can be composed of polytetrafluoroethylene or a tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer and carbon.
- the anode catalyst layer 60 and the cathode catalyst layer 66 contain a catalyst suitable for the reaction of each electrode, such as platinum or ruthenium.
- the catalyst is made into fine particles and supported by the carbonaceous material so as to be highly dispersed on the surface of the carbonaceous material.
- the anode catalyst layer 60 and the cathode catalyst layer 66 are formed by binding carbon carrying the catalyst with a binder.
- the electrolyte membrane 54 can be made of an ion exchange membrane that transmits hydrogen ions, such as a perfluorosulfonic acid / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer.
- the separator 46 can be composed of a conductor such as a carbon material.
- the control unit 18 basically controls the power generation amount of the fuel cell 10 so that the SOC (State of charge) of the power storage unit 20 falls within a predetermined range. Yes. More specifically, since there is a certain relationship between the SOC of the power storage unit 20 and the terminal voltage, the fuel cell 10 is set so that the terminal voltage of the power storage unit 20 detected by the voltage sensor 21 falls within a predetermined range. The amount of power generation is controlled.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the terminal voltage of the power storage unit 20 and the SOC.
- the SOC increases as the terminal voltage of the power storage unit 20 increases, and the SOC decreases as the terminal voltage decreases.
- the terminal voltage of power storage unit 20 rapidly decreases.
- the control unit 18 causes the fuel pump 14 and the air pump 16 to generate fuel. Further, the amount of power generated by the fuel cell 10 is controlled to be decreased by decreasing the amount of the oxidant supplied to the fuel cell 10. At this time, it is also possible to stop the fuel pump 14 and the air pump 16 to stop the power generation amount of the fuel cell 10.
- the control unit 18 uses the fuel pump 14 and the air pump 16 to generate fuel and oxidant fuel. Control is performed to increase the power generation amount of the fuel cell 10 by increasing the supply amount to the battery 10. Alternatively, the fuel pump 14 and the air pump 16 are activated to restart the power generation of the fuel cell 10 whose power generation has been stopped.
- the lower limit SOC: Y is set to a storage amount sufficient to drive the fuel pump 14 and the air pump 16.
- step S11 it is determined whether there is an abnormality in the fuel cell system 2 (for example, failure of the fuel pump 14 or the air pump 16) (step S11). If there is an abnormality in the fuel cell system (No in step S11), power generation of the fuel cell 10 is stopped (step S15), the output switch 26 is turned off (step S16), and the process is terminated. Thereby, the power supply from the fuel cell system 2 to the load device 3 is stopped.
- an abnormality in the fuel cell system 2 for example, failure of the fuel pump 14 or the air pump 16
- step S11 If there is no abnormality in the fuel cell system (Yes in step S11), the remaining amount of fuel detected by the remaining fuel sensor 28 is read (step S12). Next, it is determined whether or not the remaining amount of fuel is equal to or less than a predetermined value A (step S13). If the remaining amount of fuel is equal to or less than the predetermined value A (Yes in step S13), it is determined that the remaining amount of fuel is too small, power generation of the fuel cell 10 is stopped (step S14), and the process is terminated. At this time, the output switch 26 remains on, and thereafter, the SOC of the power storage unit 20 gradually decreases due to the power consumption of the load device 3.
- the predetermined value A is a fuel amount that is set by adding a predetermined amount to the minimum amount of fuel that can be supplied to the fuel cell 10 without any problem. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 5, the predetermined value A indicates that the fuel level of the fuel F in the fuel tank 12 is discharged from the fuel tank 12 to the fuel pump 14. It is preferable to set it so that it is sufficiently above the internal opening.
- the predetermined value A is set according to the capacity of the fuel tank 12, the position of the fuel discharge pipe 12a, the average fuel consumption of the fuel cell 10 and its fluctuation range, and the like. In the following description, for the sake of convenience, the predetermined value A is assumed to be a fuel amount that is 30% of the full amount of the fuel tank 12.
- step S17 If the remaining fuel amount exceeds the predetermined value A (No in step S13), it is determined whether the remaining fuel amount is equal to or greater than the predetermined value B (B> A) (step S17).
- the predetermined value B is a reference value for determining whether or not sufficient fuel supply has been performed by the user after the power generation of the fuel cell 10 is stopped by the power generation stop processing in step S14.
- the predetermined value B is preferably set to a value sufficiently larger than the predetermined value A so that the power generation and power generation stop of the fuel cell 10 are not repeated frequently.
- the predetermined value B is assumed to be 70% of the fuel amount of the fuel tank 12 (see FIG. 5).
- step S17 If the remaining amount of fuel is less than the predetermined value B (No in step S17), the process is terminated. As a result, the operating state of the fuel cell 10 remains as it is. That is, if power generation of the fuel cell 10 is stopped, it remains stopped. If the fuel cell 10 is generating power, power generation is continued as it is.
- step S18 it is further determined whether the power generation of the fuel cell 10 is stopped and there is no abnormality in the system. If so (Yes in step S18), the power generation of the fuel cell 10 is resumed assuming that the power generation of the fuel cell 10 has been stopped by the procedure of step S14 (step S19), and the process is terminated. On the other hand, if the power generation of the fuel cell 10 has not been stopped or if the power generation of the fuel cell 10 has been stopped due to an abnormality in the system (No in step S18), the processing is ended as it is. .
- the power generation of the fuel cell 10 is stopped, and the power storage unit 20 is forced to be in a discharged state due to power consumption of the load device 3. Become.
- the terminal voltage of power storage unit 20, that is, the state of charge of power storage unit 20 decreases with time.
- 6A and 6B are flowcharts of the fuel shortage warning process.
- the output voltage of the fuel cell system 2 that is, the input voltage of the load device 3 is detected by the voltage detector 34 (step S21).
- the time Ta will be described.
- the SOC of the power storage unit 20 decreases to the lower limit SOC: Y
- the amount of fuel and air supplied to the fuel cell 10 are increased in order to increase the power generation amount of the fuel cell 10.
- a time lag for example, 1 minute
- the SOC of the power storage unit 20 decreases to the lower limit SOC: Y
- the SOC continues to decrease for a while.
- step S25 the timing of the time Ta is started (step S25), and it is determined whether the time Ta has elapsed (step S26).
- step S26 the procedure of step S26 is repeatedly executed until the time Ta has elapsed.
- step S27 the voltage E (i-1) detected by the voltage detection unit 34 at that time is stored in the storage unit 38 (step S27).
- step S28 it is determined whether or not a time ⁇ T (for example, 0.5 to 1 second) sufficiently shorter than the time Ta has elapsed since the voltage E (i-1) was detected (step S28). If the time ⁇ T has not elapsed (No in step S28), the procedure of step S28 is repeatedly executed until the time ⁇ T has elapsed. On the other hand, if the time ⁇ T has elapsed (Yes in step S28), the voltage E (i) detected by the voltage detection unit 34 at that time is stored in the storage unit 38 (step S29).
- E (i) and E (i-1) are desirably average values of a plurality of voltage detection results in consideration of disturbance, variation in power generation of the fuel cell, and load fluctuation. Thereby, the determination accuracy can be improved.
- FIG. 7A shows an example of a change in the output voltage Eo of the fuel cell system 2 when E (i) is larger than E (i-1).
- the control unit 18 performs an operation to increase the power generation amount of the fuel cell 10. Is called.
- the power storage unit 20 is charged. Therefore, after time Ta has elapsed from when output voltage Eo has dropped to voltage Eoy corresponding to lower limit SOC: Y of power storage unit 20, output voltage Eo has increased. Therefore, if E (i) detected after the time Ta has elapsed is equal to or greater than E (i-1), it can be determined that the remaining amount of fuel in the fuel cell system 2 is greater than the predetermined value A. .
- voltage E (i) corresponds to voltage E (i)
- output voltage Eo corresponds to lower limit SOC: Y of power storage unit 20. It may be detected when the time Ta has elapsed from the time when the voltage Eoy has dropped to the voltage Eoy, and the voltage E (i ⁇ 1) may be detected at a time before ⁇ T. In a system that performs some processing based on the output voltage Eo, the output voltage Eo is actually detected at all times. Therefore, the remaining amount of fuel can be determined by comparing the voltage E (i) at the time when the time Ta has passed with the voltage E (i-1) detected and stored at a time before ⁇ T. It is because it can determine that it is below A.
- a predetermined warning process is performed (step S32), and after prompting the user to supply fuel, at least the main operation of the external device is stopped (step S33).
- the warning process is a process of turning on a warning LED, a process of blinking other LEDs (for example, a power switch LED), and a fuel shortage if the external device has a display unit such as a liquid crystal display device. For example, a process for displaying a message indicating the message can be performed.
- the operation of the device may be stopped when the output voltage Eo does not turn up even after another predetermined time Tb elapses after the warning process is performed. Stopping the main operation includes shifting the load device 3 to a so-called standby mode.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the power consumption of the external device and the change rate of the SOC of the power storage unit.
- a straight line LHPC indicates a state of change in SOC when the power consumption of the load device 3 is relatively large
- a straight line LLPC indicates a state of change in SOC when the power consumption of the load device 3 is relatively small.
- the minimum lower limit value Z refers to the SOC of the power storage unit 20 that is the minimum required to restart the fuel cell 10. More specifically, the SOC value corresponds to an amount of electricity sufficient to stably operate at least the fuel pump 14, the air pump 16, the DC / DC converter 22, and the control unit 18.
- the minimum lower limit value Z is a value smaller than the lower limit SOC: Y (for example, 30%).
- the cutoff lower limit value W is the SOC of the power storage unit 20 that should cut off the power supply from the fuel cell system 2 to the load device 3.
- the cutoff lower limit value W is larger than the minimum lower limit value Z and smaller than the lower limit SOC: Y (for example, 35%).
- the cutoff lower limit value W is set in consideration of the characteristics of the power storage unit 20 of the fuel cell system 2, the load characteristics of the load device 3, and the like.
- the time Ta is set with the time lag (Tamin) from when the fuel supplied to the fuel cell 10 is increased to when the SOC starts to increase to the minimum.
- Tamin time lag
- the fuel is replenished during the time Ta, the power generation amount of the fuel cell 10 increases, and the SOC may start to increase. For this reason, it is preferable to set the time Ta as long as possible.
- the time Ta (i) is usually a time longer than the above-described time lag Tamin unless there is an abnormality in the system. Therefore, by setting the time Ta (i) as the time Ta, the time Ta can be set as long as possible.
- the time Ta1 is set as the time Ta. If the power consumption of the load device 3 is the power corresponding to the straight line LLPC, the time Ta2 is set as the time Ta.
- the power generation of the fuel cell 10 is stopped and the SOC of the power storage unit 20 is changed.
- Lower limit SOC smaller than Y.
- the output voltage of the fuel cell system 2 also decreases, so that the load device 3 can detect the shortage of fuel in the fuel cell system 2 simply by monitoring the output voltage Eo of the fuel cell system 2.
- the same detection mechanism that monitors the output voltage of the power source and detects the remaining power of the secondary battery can be used. It becomes possible to detect fuel shortage. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide a notification mechanism (communication line, communication circuit for both the fuel cell system and the external device) for notifying the external device of the detected fuel remaining amount from the fuel cell system, and the system can be simplified.
- the electronic device including the fuel cell system and the external device can be easily reduced in size and weight.
- the electronic device including the fuel cell system and the external device can be easily reduced in size and weight.
- simplifying the system it is possible to realize a highly reliable system in which failure is unlikely to occur.
- Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the second embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment.
- the reference numerals used in the description of Embodiment 1 are used except for those shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 9 shows a fuel tank of the fuel cell system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows the structure of the fixed tank.
- the illustrated fuel tank 12A can be attached to and detached from the fuel cell system 2, and includes a cartridge tank 72 filled with fuel in advance and a fixed tank 74 fixed to the fuel cell system 2.
- the cartridge tank 72 includes an injection portion 72 a that injects fuel into the fixed tank 74.
- the injection part 72a has a convex part.
- the fixed tank 74 includes a fuel receiving unit 74a that receives fuel injection from the cartridge tank 72 via the injection unit 72a.
- the fuel receiving portion 74a has a recess.
- the predetermined value A for the remaining amount of fuel is preferably set equal to the capacity of the fixed tank 74.
- the fuel cell used in the fuel cell system 2 is not limited to the DMFC, and the present invention can be suitably applied to any fuel cell that uses liquid fuel at room temperature.
- the present invention can be applied to fuel cells such as a direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) and a direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC).
- DEFC direct ethanol fuel cell
- DFAFC direct formic acid fuel cell
- the present invention can also be applied to a methanol reformed fuel cell.
- the present invention can also be applied to a fuel cell that uses fuel that is gaseous at room temperature.
- the present invention it is easy to reduce the size and weight of an electronic device that uses a fuel cell as a power source. Therefore, the present invention is particularly useful when applied to a portable electronic device. In addition, since the reliability of the electronic device can be improved, it can be effectively applied to all electronic devices other than the portable electronic device.
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Abstract
Description
アノード:CH3OH+H2O→CO2+6H++6e- (1)
カソード:(3/2)O2+6H++6e-→3H2O (2)
この点に関し、特許文献1においては、燃料電池側で検出される燃料タンクの燃料残量をデジタル通信により負荷機器側へ伝達し、それを負荷機器側で表示することが提案されている。
前記燃料電池が発電した電力を貯蔵する蓄電部と、
前記燃料電池に供給される燃料を貯蔵するタンクと、
前記タンクの燃料残量を検出する燃料残量センサと、
前記蓄電部の充電状態を検知するSOC検知部、もしくは充電状態センサと、
前記燃料電池の運転を制御する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、
(i)前記燃料残量が所定値Aよりも大きいときには、
(a)前記充電状態が所定値X以上であると、前記燃料電池の発電を停止、または発電量を減少させるための操作を実行し、
(b)前記充電状態が所定値Y(Y<X)以下であると、前記燃料電池の発電を開始、または発電量を増大させるための操作を実行し、
(ii)前記燃料残量が所定値A以下のときには、
(c)前記充電状態を所定値Yよりも小さくするように、前記燃料電池の発電を停止、または発電量を減少させる、燃料電池システムに関する。
前記燃料電池システムが、前記蓄電部の充電状態に応じた電圧を出力する出力部を具備するとともに、
前記負荷機器が、
前記燃料電池システムの出力電圧を検出する電圧検出部、並びに
前記電圧検出部の検出値に基づいて、前記燃料残量が前記所定値A以下となったことを判定し、前記燃料電池の燃料切れに関する警告処理を行う処理部、を具備する、電子装置に関する。
図1に、本発明の一実施形態に係る燃料電池システムの概略構成を機能ブロック図により示す。図2に、燃料電池システムに含まれる単セルの構造を抽象化した断面図により示す。
より具体的には、図5に示すように、所定値Aは、燃料タンク12内の燃料Fの液位が、燃料タンク12から燃料ポンプ14に燃料を排出する燃料排出管12aの燃料タンク12内部の開口よりも十分に上となるように設定するのが好ましい。
次に、図9を参照して、本発明の実施形態2を説明する。実施形態2は、実施形態1を改変したものである。以下の説明では、図9及び図10に示したもの以外は、実施形態1の説明で使用した符号を流用する。
図示例の燃料タンク12Aは、燃料電池システム2への取り付け及び燃料電池システムからの取り外しが可能で、あらかじめ燃料が充填されたカートリッジタンク72と、燃料電池システム2に固定された固定タンク74とを含んでいる。カートリッジタンク72は、固定タンク74に燃料を注入する注入部72aを備えている。注入部72aは凸部を有している。固定タンク74は、注入部72aを経由してカートリッジタンク72からの燃料の注入を受ける燃料受領部74aを備えている。燃料受領部74aは凹部を有している。
以上のこと以外の構成は、実施形態2は、実施形態1と同様とすることができる。
2 燃料電池システム
3 外部機器
10 燃料電池
12、12A 燃料タンク
18 制御部
20 蓄電部
21 電圧センサ
22 DC/DCコンバータ
28 燃料残量検出部
Claims (6)
- 燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池が発電した電力を貯蔵する蓄電部と、
前記燃料電池に供給される燃料を貯蔵するタンクと、
前記タンクの燃料残量を検出する燃料残量センサと、
前記蓄電部の充電状態を検知するSOC検知部と、
前記燃料電池の運転を制御する制御装置と、を備え、
前記制御装置は、
(i)前記燃料残量が所定値Aよりも大きいときには、
(a)前記充電状態が所定値X以上であると、前記燃料電池の発電を停止、または発電量を減少させるための操作を実行し、
(b)前記充電状態が所定値Y(Y<X)以下であると、前記燃料電池の発電を開始、または発電量を増大させるための操作を実行し、
(ii)前記燃料残量が所定値A以下のときには、
(c)前記充電状態を所定値Yよりも小さくするように、前記燃料電池の発電を停止、または発電量を減少させる、燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御装置が、
前記燃料残量が所定値B(B>A)以上となるまで前記ステップ(c)の操作を継続する、請求項1記載の燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1または2記載の燃料電池システムと、前記燃料電池システムから電力供給を受ける負荷機器とを含む電子装置であって、
前記燃料電池システムが、前記蓄電部の充電状態に応じた電圧を出力する出力部を具備するとともに、
前記負荷機器が、
前記燃料電池システムの出力電圧を検出する電圧検出部、並びに
前記電圧検出部の検出値に基づいて、前記燃料残量が前記所定値A以下となったことを判定し、前記燃料電池の燃料切れに関する警告処理を行う処理部、を具備する、電子装置。 - 前記処理部が、前記電圧検出部の検出値が前記所定値Yに相当する電圧を下回ったとき以後の所定時期に前記電圧検出部により検出される電圧E(i-1)と、前記電圧E(i-1)が検出されてから、さらに時間ΔTが経過したときに前記電圧検出部により検出される電圧E(i)とを比較して、前記電圧E(i)が前記電圧E(i-1)以下であるときに、前記燃料残量が前記所定値A以下となったと判定する、請求項3記載の電子装置。
- 前記所定時期が、
ステップ(b)の操作が実行されてから、前記燃料電池が実際に出力を開始するまでの時間、または、前記燃料電池の発電量が実際に増大し始めるまでの時間と同じ、またはそれよりも長い時間である時間Taを基準に設定される、請求項4記載の電子装置。 - 前記時間Taが、前記電子機器の消費電力に応じて設定される、請求項5記載の電子装置。
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US13/148,570 US20120003555A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2010-12-01 | Fuel cell system and electronic apparatus |
EP10835673A EP2385572A4 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2010-12-01 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE |
JP2011545072A JPWO2011070746A1 (ja) | 2009-12-10 | 2010-12-01 | 燃料電池システム、及び電子装置 |
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JP2015154600A (ja) * | 2014-02-14 | 2015-08-24 | 株式会社マキタ | 電動工具用電池パックの充電装置 |
WO2017110390A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-25 | 2017-06-29 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
CN111261906A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 四川众鑫阳科技有限公司 | 一种燃料电池的供氢放电保护系统 |
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