WO2017110390A1 - 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017110390A1 WO2017110390A1 PCT/JP2016/085495 JP2016085495W WO2017110390A1 WO 2017110390 A1 WO2017110390 A1 WO 2017110390A1 JP 2016085495 W JP2016085495 W JP 2016085495W WO 2017110390 A1 WO2017110390 A1 WO 2017110390A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- fuel
- battery
- cell stack
- power
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
- B60L58/32—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load
- B60L58/34—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells for controlling the temperature of fuel cells, e.g. by controlling the electric load by heating
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0444—Concentration; Density
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04626—Power, energy, capacity or load of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/04932—Power, energy, capacity or load of the individual fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04925—Power, energy, capacity or load
- H01M8/0494—Power, energy, capacity or load of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system that outputs power generated by a fuel cell to a secondary battery, and a control method for the fuel cell system.
- US Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0113162 discloses a fuel cell system including a solid oxide fuel cell that receives a supply of fuel and generates power in accordance with a load.
- the fuel cell system as described above is used as a system for charging the generated power of the fuel cell in order to ensure the output of the secondary battery, for example, for a secondary battery that supplies power to a load such as a motor. Is also possible.
- the temperature of the fuel cell when the fuel cell is started from a stopped state or when the generated power of the fuel cell is increased, the temperature of the fuel cell must be raised to an operating temperature suitable for power generation. Apart from this, fuel for heating the fuel cell is required.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system and a control method for the fuel cell system that suppress deterioration of fuel consumption while securing the output of a secondary battery.
- a control method of a fuel cell system that supplies fuel and an oxidant to a fuel cell and outputs the generated power of the fuel cell to a secondary cell is obtained by acquiring a charge amount of the secondary cell A charge amount acquisition step, and when the charge amount of the secondary battery falls below a predetermined value, the fuel cell is started from a state where power generation of the fuel cell is stopped or the generated power of the fuel cell is increased.
- the control method of the fuel cell system includes a fuel remaining amount acquiring step for acquiring a remaining amount of fuel that can be supplied to the fuel cell, and when the remaining amount of fuel is short, And a setting step for setting the predetermined value to a small value as compared with.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a starting method of the fuel cell system in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating the contents of the power generation control process of the fuel cell in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating the contents of the power generation control process of the fuel cell in the second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the amount of charge of the battery and the generated power of the fuel cell in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a setting method for setting the FC start threshold value that defines the start timing of the fuel cell stack according to the travel load history.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a starting method of the fuel cell system in the present embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a time chart showing changes in the generated power of the fuel cell according to the charge amount of the battery.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart showing changes in the remaining amount of fuel according to the amount of charge of the battery.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a setting method for setting an offset value determined for battery protection in accordance with the battery margin.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a calculation method for calculating the battery margin.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the relationship between the charge amount of the battery and the generated power of the fuel cell in the third embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing the energy efficiency of fuel cell priority operation and battery protection operation of the fuel cell.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a setting method for setting the fuel efficiency priority driving section according to the travel load history.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating the contents of the power generation control process of the fuel cell in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a calculation method for calculating a battery margin for setting an offset value.
- FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the main configuration of the fuel cell system according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a main configuration of a fuel cell system 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 10 is a battery auxiliary system that generates power from the fuel cell stack 1 according to the state of charge of the battery 9.
- the fuel cell system 10 of this embodiment is a fuel cell system that supplies generated power to a load device 8 or a battery 9 mounted on a vehicle.
- the load device 8 is an electric load connected to the battery 9 and the fuel cell system 10.
- the load device 8 includes a drive motor 81 in which an electric load changes.
- the load device 8 of the present embodiment includes an indoor air conditioner (not shown), a vehicle auxiliary machine, and the like.
- the drive motor 81 is a power source that drives the vehicle.
- the drive motor 81 can generate regenerative electric power when the vehicle is braked, and can charge the battery 9 with this regenerative electric power.
- the battery 9 is a power source that supplies power to the drive motor 81, and is realized by, for example, a lithium ion battery or a lead storage battery.
- the battery 9 charges the regenerative power of the drive motor 81 and charges the power output from the fuel cell system 10.
- the rated output of the battery 9 is larger than the rated output of the fuel cell stack 1. That is, the battery 9 is a main power source for the load device 8, and the fuel cell stack 1 is a sub power source for the load device 8.
- the battery 9 is provided with a charge amount sensor 61 for detecting a charge amount (remaining amount) indicating the electric power stored in the battery 9.
- the charge amount sensor 61 of this embodiment detects the SOC (State Of Charge) of the battery 9 as the charge amount of the battery 9 and outputs the detected value to the control unit 6.
- the SOC of the battery 9 increases as the charge amount of the battery 9 increases.
- the SOC of the battery 9 is referred to as “battery SOC”.
- the fuel cell system 10 includes a fuel supply device 2 that supplies anode gas (fuel gas) to the fuel cell stack 1 and an oxidant supply device 3 that supplies cathode gas (oxidant gas) to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the fuel cell system 10 also includes an exhaust device 4 that discharges anode offgas (fuel offgas) and cathode offgas (oxidant offgas) discharged from the fuel cell stack 1 to the outside.
- the exhaust device 4 includes an anode gas discharge passage 29, a cathode gas discharge passage 39, an exhaust combustor 40, and an exhaust passage 41.
- the fuel cell system 10 includes a power conversion device 5 that extracts power from the fuel cell stack 1 and supplies the power to at least one of the load device 8 and the battery 9, and a control unit 6 that controls the operation of the entire fuel cell system. .
- the fuel cell stack 1 is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC).
- SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
- the fuel cell stack 1 is formed by laminating a plurality of cells configured by sandwiching an electrolyte layer formed of a solid oxide such as ceramic between an anode electrode (fuel electrode) and a cathode electrode (air electrode).
- An anode gas reformed by the fuel supply device 2 is supplied to the anode electrode of the fuel cell stack 1, and air containing oxygen as a cathode gas is supplied to the cathode electrode of the fuel cell stack 1 by the oxidant supply device 3. .
- power is generated by reacting hydrogen contained in the anode gas and oxygen contained in the cathode gas, and the anode off-gas and cathode off-gas generated after the reaction are discharged to the atmosphere. .
- An anode gas supply passage 22 and an anode gas discharge passage 29 constituting a passage through which anode gas flows are connected to the anode side manifold formed in the fuel cell stack 1, and a passage through which cathode gas flows is connected to the cathode side manifold.
- a passage through which cathode gas flows is connected to the cathode side manifold.
- the anode gas supply passage 22 is a route for supplying anode gas to the fuel cell stack 1
- the anode gas discharge passage 29 is a route for introducing anode off gas from the fuel cell stack 1 into the exhaust combustor 40.
- the cathode gas supply passage 33 is a route for supplying cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1
- the cathode gas discharge passage 39 is a route for introducing cathode offgas from the fuel cell stack 1 into the exhaust combustor 40.
- the fuel supply device 2 includes a fuel tank 20, a pump 21, an anode gas supply passage 22, a fuel supply valve 23, an evaporator 24, a heat exchanger 25, and a reformer 26.
- the fuel tank 20 stores liquid containing fuel.
- reforming fuel made of a liquid obtained by mixing ethanol and water is stored.
- a fuel amount sensor 62 is provided in the fuel tank 20. The fuel amount sensor 62 detects the remaining amount of reforming fuel stored in the fuel tank 20. The detection value of the fuel amount sensor 62 is output to the control unit 6.
- the pump 21 sucks the reforming fuel and supplies the reforming fuel to the fuel supply device 2 at a constant pressure.
- the anode gas supply passage 22 is a passage connecting the pump 21 and the fuel cell stack 1.
- the anode gas supply passage 22 is provided with a fuel supply valve 23, an evaporator 24, a heat exchanger 25, and a reformer 26.
- the fuel supply valve 23 supplies the reforming fuel supplied from the pump 21 to the injection nozzle and injects it from the injection nozzle to the evaporator 24.
- the evaporator 24 vaporizes the reforming fuel using the heat of the exhaust gas exhausted from the exhaust combustor 40.
- the heat exchanger 25 is supplied with heat from the exhaust combustor 40, and further heats the vaporized reforming fuel for reforming in the reformer 26.
- the reformer 26 reforms the reforming fuel into an anode gas containing hydrogen by a catalytic reaction and supplies the reformed fuel to the anode electrode of the fuel cell stack 1.
- steam reforming is performed to reform the fuel using steam, and in a situation where the steam necessary for steam reforming is insufficient, the fuel is burned using air instead of steam. Partial oxidation reforming is performed.
- the oxidant supply device 3 includes a filter 30, an air intake passage 31, a compressor 32, a cathode gas supply passage 33, a cathode flow rate control valve 34, a heat exchanger 351 that constitutes a heating device, a diffusion combustor 352, and And a catalytic combustor 353.
- the filter 30 removes foreign matter from the outside air and introduces the outside air into the fuel cell system 10.
- the air suction passage 31 is a passage through which the air from which foreign matter has been removed by the filter 30 passes through the compressor 32.
- One end of the air intake passage 31 is connected to the filter 30, and the other end is connected to the intake port of the compressor 32.
- the compressor 32 is an actuator that supplies a cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the compressor 32 of this embodiment takes in outside air through the filter 30 and supplies air to the fuel cell stack 1 and the like.
- a relief valve 36 is attached to the cathode gas supply passage 33.
- the cathode gas supply passage 33 is opened to prevent the compressor 32 from being subjected to a certain load.
- the cathode flow rate control valve 34 is a control valve that controls the flow rate of the cathode gas supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the cathode flow rate control valve 34 is configured by an electromagnetic valve.
- the opening degree of the cathode flow rate control valve 34 can be changed in stages, and is controlled by the control unit 6.
- the heat exchanger 351 uses the heat of the exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust combustor 40 to heat combustion gas air or cathode gas air.
- the diffusion combustor 352 is supplied with the air heated by the heat exchanger 351 and the heating fuel supplied from the branch passage 222 and heated by the electric heater 242 when the fuel cell system 10 is started. Mix both. Then, a mixture of air and heating fuel is ignited by an ignition device attached to the diffusion combustor 352 to form a preheating burner for the catalytic combustor 353. After the start-up is completed, the air supplied from the heat exchanger 351 is supplied to the catalytic combustor 353.
- the catalytic combustor 353 generates high-temperature combustion gas using a catalyst and a preheating burner when the fuel cell system 10 is started.
- combustion gas air is supplied through the branch passage 331, and heating fuel is supplied from the branch passage 223, and both are mixed while in contact with the catalyst.
- a large amount of combustion gas is produced
- This combustion gas does not contain oxygen and is mainly composed of an inert gas.
- the combustion gas is supplied to the cathode electrode of the fuel cell stack 1 to heat the fuel cell stack 1. After the start-up is completed, the generation of the combustion gas is completed, and the air that has passed through the heat exchanger 351 and the diffusion combustor 352 is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 as a cathode gas.
- the exhaust device 4 includes an anode gas discharge passage 29, a cathode gas discharge passage 39, an exhaust combustor 40, and an exhaust passage 41.
- a shutoff valve 28 is attached to the anode gas discharge passage 29.
- the shut-off valve 28 is closed when the fuel cell system 10 is stopped.
- the exhaust combustor 40 mixes the anode off-gas and the cathode off-gas, and catalytically burns the mixed gas, thereby generating exhaust gas (post-combustion gas) mainly composed of carbon dioxide and water, and also heat generated by the catalytic combustion. This is transmitted to the heat exchanger 25.
- the exhaust combustor 40 discharges exhaust gas to the exhaust passage 41.
- the exhaust passage 41 is a passage for discharging exhaust gas from the exhaust combustor 40 to the outside air.
- the exhaust passage 41 passes through the evaporator 24 and is connected to a muffler (not shown). As a result, the evaporator 24 is heated by the exhaust gas from the exhaust combustor 40.
- the power conversion device 5 includes a DC-DC converter 51 that outputs the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 from the fuel cell system 10 to at least one of the load device 8 and the battery 9.
- the DC-DC converter 51 is a power converter that extracts generated power from the fuel cell stack 1.
- the DC-DC converter 51 boosts the output voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 and supplies generated power to at least one of the drive motor 81 and the battery 9.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is connected to the primary side terminal of the DC-DC converter 51, and the drive motor 81 and the battery 9 are connected to the secondary side terminal.
- the fuel gas stack 1 in order to heat the fuel cell stack 1, is branched from the anode gas supply passage 22, and the fuel for heating is branched to each of the exhaust combustor 40, the diffusion combustor 352, and the catalyst combustor 353.
- the passages 221, 222, and 223 and the branch passage 331 that branches from the cathode gas supply passage 33 and passes the air to the catalyst combustor 353 are provided.
- the branch passages 221, 222, and 223 are provided with control valves 231, 232, and 233, respectively, and the branch passage 331 is provided with a control valve 341.
- the control valve 341 supplies a constant amount of air to the catalytic combustor 353 when the fuel cell stack 1 is activated, and closes the branch passage 331 when the activation is completed.
- Control valves 231, 232 and 233 open the branch passages 221, 222, and 223 when the fuel cell system 10 is started to flow the heating fuel, respectively, and close the branch passages 221, 222, and 223 when the start-up is completed.
- the fuel supply valve 23 closes the anode gas supply passage 22 when the fuel cell system 10 is started up, but opens the anode gas supply passage 22 when the start-up is completed and distributes the reforming fuel.
- the fuel for heating from the branch passage 221 is supplied to the exhaust combustor 40 when the fuel cell system 10 is started up by being heated by the electric heater 241 and mixed with the air that has passed through the fuel cell stack 1.
- the exhaust combustor 40 generates heat due to the catalytic reaction.
- the reforming fuel heated by the heat exchanger 25 is supplied to the reformer 26, so the temperature of the anode gas reformed by the reformer 26 rises and the fuel cell stack 1 is warmed. .
- the control unit 6 includes a general-purpose electronic circuit including a microcomputer, a microprocessor, and a CPU and peripheral devices, and executes a process for controlling the fuel cell system 10 by executing a specific program.
- the control unit 6 receives output signals from various sensors such as the charge amount sensor 61 and the fuel amount sensor 62, and in response to these received signals, the fuel supply device 2, the oxidant supply device 3, the exhaust device 4 and the power. The operating state of the conversion device 5 is controlled.
- the control unit 6 is connected to an operation unit 101 that outputs a start command signal or a stop command signal for the fuel cell system 10 to the control unit 6.
- the operation unit 101 includes an EV (Electric Vehicle) key (not shown), and outputs a start command signal to the control unit 6 when the EV key is turned on by a passenger, and a stop command when the EV key is turned off. The signal is output to the control unit 6.
- EV Electric Vehicle
- control unit 6 When receiving a start command signal from the operation unit 101, the control unit 6 executes start control for starting the fuel cell system 10. After the start control is completed, the control unit 6 controls the fuel cell stack 1 according to the state of charge of the battery 9. Implement power generation operation to generate electricity.
- the control unit 6 supplies the anode gas and the cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 to generate power in the fuel cell stack 1 and uses the generated power. Supply to the load device 8 or the battery 9.
- the control unit 6 temporarily stops the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1.
- control unit when the control unit receives a stop command signal from the operation unit 101, the control unit executes stop control for stopping the operation of the fuel cell system 10.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a processing procedure regarding start-up control of the fuel cell system 10 in the present embodiment.
- step S900 the control unit 6 executes a power generation control process for determining a switching timing for switching the operating state of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the switching timing of the fuel cell stack 1 includes a power generation timing for starting the fuel cell stack 1 from a stopped state to generate power, a power increase timing for increasing the power generated by the fuel cell stack 1, and a stop for stopping power generation for the fuel cell stack 1. Timing and so on.
- control unit 6 sets an FC start threshold that defines the start timing of the fuel cell stack 1 and an FC stop threshold that defines a stop timing for stopping the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1.
- FC start threshold that defines the start timing of the fuel cell stack 1
- FC stop threshold that defines a stop timing for stopping the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1.
- step S100 the control unit 6 determines whether or not the charge amount of the battery 9 is equal to or less than the FC activation threshold value.
- the control unit 6 waits for the activation of the fuel cell stack 1 until the charge amount of the battery 9 reaches the FC activation threshold value.
- the control unit 6 proceeds to the process of step S101.
- step S101 when the charge amount of the battery 9 decreases to the FC activation threshold value, the control unit 6 activates the compressor 32 and opens the cathode flow rate control valve 34, the control valve 341, and the control valve 342 at a certain opening degree. Thereby, air (combustion gas) is supplied to the diffusion combustor 352 and the catalytic combustor 353.
- step S102 the control unit 6 activates the pump 21 and the diffusion combustor 352 (ignition device) and opens the control valves 231 to 233.
- the heating fuel is supplied to each of the diffusion combustor 352, the catalytic combustor 353, and the exhaust combustor 40.
- a preheating burner is formed in the diffusion combustor 352, combustion gas is generated in the catalytic combustor 353 using this preheating burner, and the combustion gas passes through the fuel cell stack 1 to heat the fuel cell stack 1. .
- the combustion gas that has passed through the fuel cell stack 1 reaches the exhaust combustor 40, and the exhaust combustor 40 is heated and the heat exchanger 25 is heated by catalytic combustion with the heating fuel.
- the evaporator 24 and the heat exchanger 351 are heated by the exhaust gas from the exhaust combustor 40.
- step S103 the control unit 6 determines whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 has reached the operating temperature necessary for power generation.
- the control unit 6 determines whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 has reached the operating temperature necessary for power generation.
- a method for determining the temperature of the fuel cell stack for example, if the temperature of the combustion gas detected by the temperature sensor exceeds a certain value, it may be determined that the fuel cell stack 1 has reached the operating temperature.
- the evaporator 24, the heat exchanger 25, and the reformer 26 are originally required to determine whether they have reached an appropriate temperature for satisfactorily reforming the reforming fuel. It is not necessary when the time for reaching the appropriate temperature is shorter than the time for the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 to reach the operating temperature.
- step S104 when the control unit 6 determines that the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 has reached the operating temperature, the control unit 6 stops the diffusion combustor 352, closes each of the control valves 231, 232, 233, and 341, The fuel supply valve 23 is opened.
- the reforming fuel stored in the fuel tank 20 becomes the anode gas through the evaporator 24, the heat exchanger 25, and the reformer 26, and this anode gas is supplied to the anode electrode of the fuel cell stack 1. .
- air is continuously supplied from the cathode flow rate control valve 34, and the air is heated by the heat exchanger 351 and supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 as cathode gas. Then, power generation is started by starting an electrochemical reaction by the anode gas and the cathode gas in the fuel cell stack 1, and a series of processing procedures relating to the startup control of the present embodiment is completed.
- the reforming fuel supplied from the fuel tank 20 is vaporized by the evaporator 24, and the vaporized reforming fuel is heated by the heat exchanger 25.
- the heated reforming fuel is reformed into anode gas in the reformer 26, and this anode gas is supplied to the anode electrode of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the air as the cathode gas is heated by the heat exchanger 351, passes through the diffusion combustor 352 and the catalytic combustor 353, and is supplied to the cathode electrode of the fuel cell stack 1.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an example of the power generation control process executed in step S900 in the present embodiment.
- step S901 the control unit 6 acquires the amount of charge of the battery 9.
- the control unit 6 acquires the battery SOC from the charge amount sensor 61.
- a voltage sensor that detects its own voltage may be arranged in the battery 9, and the control unit 6 may calculate the battery SOC or the charge amount according to a predetermined map, an arithmetic expression, or the like based on the detection value of the voltage sensor.
- step S902 the control unit 6 acquires the remaining amount of fuel that can be supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the control unit 6 of the present embodiment acquires the remaining amount of reforming fuel from the fuel amount sensor 62 as the remaining amount of fuel in the fuel cell stack 1.
- the control unit 6 may calculate the remaining amount of fuel by integrating the power generation amount of the fuel cell stack 1 and the fuel injection amount of the fuel supply valve 23 with time.
- step S903 the control unit 6 sets the FC activation threshold related to the battery SOC to a smaller value when the remaining amount of fuel is smaller than when the remaining amount of fuel is large.
- the FC activation threshold is set so that the amount of charge of the battery 9 is not deficient when the required power required by the drive motor 81 increases rapidly, due to insufficient power generation due to the response delay of the fuel cell stack 1. It is set in consideration of the startup time of the system 10.
- the battery SOC has the FC start threshold value.
- the number of crossings can be reduced. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the consumption of the heating fuel accompanying the activation of the fuel cell stack 1 during the operation of the fuel cell system 10.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is started when the possibility that the output (charge amount) of the battery 9 is insufficient increases.
- the battery 9 can be charged with the generated power accurately. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of the fuel consumption of the fuel cell system 10 while securing the output of the battery 9.
- the control unit 6 may change the FC activation threshold to a smaller value as the remaining amount of fuel decreases.
- the FC start threshold value increases as the remaining amount of fuel increases, so that the amount of charge of the battery 9 becomes insufficient when a large amount of fuel remains and the required power of the drive motor 81 cannot be obtained. It can be avoided.
- the FC activation threshold decreases as the remaining amount of fuel decreases, so that it is possible to suppress the consumption of fuel that does not contribute to the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is promoted to consume fuel prior to consumption of the charge amount of the battery 9, and the fuel cell A reduction in fuel consumption of the system 10 can be suppressed.
- control unit 6 sets the FC start threshold value to, for example, zero and sets the fuel cell stack 1 Activation may be prohibited. Thereby, useless start-up of the fuel cell stack 1 that does not contribute to charging of the battery 9 can be suppressed.
- control unit 6 sets the target generated power that is the target value of the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 to a predetermined power value in order to avoid the lack of the charge amount of the battery 9.
- the predetermined power value may be obtained in advance by an experiment or the like, or may be changed to a large value according to a rapid increase in the required power of the drive motor 81.
- step S903 the process returns to the process procedure shown in FIG. 2 and proceeds to the process of step S100.
- the battery SOC becomes equal to or less than the FC activation threshold, the activation control of the fuel cell system 10 is executed.
- the control method of the fuel cell system 10 includes the charge amount acquisition step S901 for acquiring the charge amount of the battery 9, and the charge amount of the battery 9 equal to the FC activation threshold ( Power generation control steps S100 to S103 for starting the fuel cell stack 1 from the stop state when the predetermined value) is reached.
- the fuel cell system 10 supplies an anode gas containing fuel and a cathode gas containing an oxidant to the fuel cell stack 1 to generate power in the fuel cell stack 1, and outputs the generated power to the battery 9.
- the fuel amount acquisition step S902 for acquiring the remaining amount of fuel that can be supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 is more effective than when the remaining amount of fuel is large.
- FC start threshold when the remaining amount of fuel is reduced, the number of times the fuel cell stack 1 is started as the battery 9 is repeatedly charged and discharged is reduced, which contributes to power generation of the fuel cell stack 1. It is possible to reduce the amount of heating fuel consumed. Further, only when the possibility that the charge amount of the battery 9 is deficient becomes high, the fuel cell stack 1 is started and the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 is charged into the battery 9. It can suppress that charge amount is deficient.
- the manufacturing cost of the fuel cell stack 1 increases and the layout performance deteriorates. . Therefore, as in the present embodiment, by reducing the FC start threshold when the remaining amount of fuel is reduced, the fuel cell stack is prevented from deteriorating fuel efficiency while ensuring the output of the battery 9, and the fuel cell stack. It is possible to suppress an increase in manufacturing cost and layout of 1.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the power generation control process in the second embodiment of the present invention. Since the configuration of the fuel cell system of the present embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. 1, the same components will be described below with the same reference numerals.
- step S911 the control unit 6 acquires the battery SOC from the charge amount sensor 61.
- step S912 the control unit 6 acquires the remaining amount of fuel from the fuel amount sensor 62, and estimates the remaining amount H rest of hydrogen according to a predetermined arithmetic expression based on the remaining amount of fuel. That is, the control unit 6 acquires the remaining amount of hydrogen H rest as the remaining amount of fuel that can be supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- step S ⁇ b> 913 the control unit 6 acquires vehicle power consumption indicating the power consumption value of the load device 8.
- the control unit 6 records the acquired vehicle power consumption value in history information indicating the vehicle power consumption acquired in the past in time series, and calculates the travel load history P_vehicle using the history information. Since the vehicle power consumption includes the required power (or actual power consumption) of the drive motor 81, the vehicle power consumption increases as the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal increases.
- the control part 6 of this embodiment calculates the moving average value of the some vehicle power consumption acquired in the predetermined period as driving
- the travel load history P_vehicle is not limited to the moving average value, and may be a median value, a mode value, a maximum value, or the like related to a plurality of vehicle power consumption acquired during a predetermined period. A value obtained by correcting the representative value according to the above may be used.
- step S ⁇ b> 914 the control unit 6 calculates the battery discharge amount S_startup during the FC startup period indicating the amount of power discharged from the battery 9 during the startup period T_startup of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the battery discharge amount S_startup during the FC start-up period here indicates the ratio of the discharge power amount during the FC start-up period to the rated capacity of the battery 9, and is expressed as a percentage.
- the battery discharge amount S_startup during the FC startup period is obtained by adding the power consumption of the FC auxiliary machine, which is an auxiliary machine of the fuel cell stack 1, to the vehicle power consumption to obtain the discharge power of the battery 9, and using this discharge power for the FC startup period T It can be calculated by multiplying _startup .
- the control unit 6 calculates the battery discharge amount S _Startup of FC startup period.
- the FC auxiliary power P_fm is power consumed by the auxiliary equipment of the fuel cell stack 1, and examples of the FC auxiliary equipment include the pump 21, the compressor 32, and the control valves 231 to 233, 341, and 342.
- the amount of power W that is discharged to the FC start period T _Startup from the battery 9 [kWh] is be expressed by multiplying the battery discharge amount S _Startup of FC start period rated capacity X _Batt of the battery 9 it can. Then, the power amount W to be discharged to the FC start period T _Startup from the battery 9 [kWh] is obtained by multiplying the FC starting period T _Startup the total power consumption of the load connected to the battery 9 (P _vehicle + P _fm) This is obtained by adding the charge / discharge efficiency E_batt of the battery 9 to the power consumption.
- the rated capacity X_batt of the battery 9 is an upper limit value of the amount of power that can be charged in the battery 9.
- the total power consumption ( P_vehicle + P_fm ) of the load connected to the battery 9 is the sum of the traveling load history P_vehicle and the FC auxiliary machine power P_fm .
- the charge / discharge efficiency E_batt of the battery 9 takes into account the power loss due to the internal resistance of the battery 9, and is expressed as a percentage.
- the FC startup period T_startup is a value obtained by experiments or the like, and its unit is seconds.
- the battery discharge amount S_startup during the FC startup period can be derived as in Equation (1).
- the charge amount of the battery 9 can be inhibited from depletion during startup of the fuel cell stack 1 Is possible.
- step S915 the control unit 6 calculates the FC rated power generation period T_rate , which is the power generation period by the rated power generation of the fuel cell stack 1, based on the remaining fuel amount H rest of the fuel cell stack 1, as shown in the following equation (2). calculate.
- the power amount W of the fuel cell stack 1 to the FC rated generating period T _Rate can power at rated power P _rate [kWh] is heat generation of the fuel to the fuel quantity after startup (H rest -H startup) It is obtained by adding the power generation efficiency E_rate of the fuel cell stack 1 to the power generation amount obtained by multiplying the amount (120,000).
- the remaining fuel amount after startup (H rest -H startup ) is obtained by subtracting the heating fuel consumption amount H startup required for starting the fuel cell stack 1 from the remaining fuel amount H rest .
- the consumption amount H startup of the heating fuel is a value obtained by experiments or the like.
- the power generation efficiency E_rate of the fuel cell stack 1 is the power generation efficiency when the fuel cell stack 1 generates power at the rated power P_rate .
- the unit of the FC rated power generation period T_rate is seconds.
- FC rated power generation period T_rate can be derived as in Equation (2).
- the discharge power ( P_vehicle- P_rate ) of the battery 9 during the FC rated power generation period T_rate is obtained by subtracting the rated power P_rate of the fuel cell stack 1 that assists the battery 9 from the traveling load history P_vehicle .
- the battery discharge amount S_assist during the FC rated power generation period can be derived as in Equation (3).
- step S917 the control unit 6 sets an offset value SOC_offset in order to suppress deficiency of the charge amount of the battery 9 in a state where the fuel of the fuel cell stack 1 remains.
- the offset value SOC_offset indicates the value of the battery SOC that should ensure the output of the battery 9 when all of the remaining fuel is consumed. A method for setting the offset value SOC_offset will be described later with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.
- step S918 the control unit 6 calculates an FC activation threshold that defines the activation timing of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the FC start threshold is set so that the amount of charge of the battery 9 is not deficient before all the fuel in the fuel tank 20 is consumed.
- Control unit 6 of this embodiment as shown in the following equation (4), by using the offset value SOC _offset, the battery discharge amount S _Assist of FC rated generating period, and a battery discharge amount S _Startup of FC startup period
- the FC start threshold SOC_rate is calculated.
- FC start threshold SOC _Rate since FC starting period of battery discharge amount S _Startup FC start threshold SOC _Rate by considering are largely corrected, the charge amount of the battery 9 during the startup of the fuel cell stack 1 The situation of deficiency can be avoided.
- the battery discharge amount S_assist during the FC rated power generation period decreases as the remaining fuel amount H rest decreases. Therefore , as the remaining fuel amount H rest decreases, the equation increases.
- the FC start threshold value SOC_rate in (4) becomes smaller. That is, activation of the fuel cell stack 1 as the fuel quantity H rest is reduced is suppressed, the activation timing of the more fuel quantity H rest fuel cell stack 1 is advanced.
- the FC stop threshold value SOC_reg in the equation (4) is a battery SOC that defines the stop timing of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the FC stop threshold value SOC_reg is a value obtained by experiments or the like, and is set to a value larger than the FC start threshold value SOC_rate .
- hysteresis is provided in the FC stop threshold SOC_reg and the FC start threshold SOC_rate , so that the operation at the start and stop of the fuel cell stack 1 can be stabilized.
- step S919 when the control unit 6 determines that the battery SOC has reached the FC start threshold SOC_rate , the control unit 6 sets the target generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 to the rated power value P_rate , and the power generation control according to the present embodiment. A series of processing procedures related to the processing is terminated. Thereafter, in order to execute the startup control of the fuel cell system 10, the control unit 6 returns to the processing procedure shown in FIG. 2 and proceeds to the processing of step S100.
- control unit 6 activates the diffusion combustor 352 and the catalytic combustor 353 to raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 to the operating temperature necessary for the rated power generation, and then the cathode gas necessary for the rated power generation. And each flow rate of the anode gas is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- FC start threshold SOC _Rate is set to a value larger than at least the offset value SOC _offset, fuel quantity H rest is set as a large value large.
- the FC activation threshold SOC_rate is set to a smaller value as the remaining fuel amount H rest decreases in a range where the battery SOC at the time when all the remaining fuel amount H rest is consumed does not become smaller than the offset value SOC_offset. . Thereby, the number of activations of the fuel cell stack 1 can be reduced while securing the charge amount of the battery 9.
- FC activation threshold SOC_rate is set to a larger value as the traveling load history P_vehicle increases.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a setting method for setting the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 in the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents the battery SOC
- the vertical axis represents the target output power of the fuel cell system 10.
- the target output power of the fuel cell system 10 is a target value of the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 to be output from the fuel cell system 10 to at least one of the drive motor 81 and the battery 9.
- Control unit 6 as described in step S917 in FIG. 4, to set the offset value SOC _offset, battery discharge amount of the battery discharge amount S _Assist and FC start period FC rated generating period based on the running load history P _vehicle S Calculate _startup . Then, in FIG. 5, since the SOC _offset, a value which is the sum of S _Assist and S _Startup is smaller than the FC stop threshold value SOC _reg, control unit 6 sets the sum as FC activation threshold value SOC _rate. As a result, when the battery SOC decreases to the FC activation threshold value SOC_rate , the control unit 6 can activate the fuel cell stack 1 to generate electric power.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is maintained in the stopped state.
- the FC start threshold SOC_rate the FC start threshold SOC_rate .
- the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 is zero only by starting FC auxiliary machines such as the pump 21 and the compressor 32. For this reason, the total power consumption obtained by adding the power consumption of the FC auxiliary machine to the vehicle power consumption is covered only by the battery 9.
- the target output power of the fuel cell system 10 is set to the rated power value P_rate of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the control unit 6 activates the diffusion combustor 352, the catalytic combustor 353, the exhaust combustor 40, and the like so that the fuel cell stack 1 rises to a temperature range in which rated power generation is possible.
- the control unit 6 drives the fuel supply valve 23 and the compressor 32 so that the anode gas flow rate and the cathode gas flow rate necessary for the rated power generation are supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the target output power of the fuel cell system 10 is set to the rated power P_rate of the fuel cell stack 1 in order to assist the power supply to the drive motor 81 and the like by the battery 9.
- the control unit 6 adjusts the temperature, anode gas supply amount, and cathode gas supply amount of the fuel cell stack 1 so that the fuel cell stack 1 can generate power at the rated power P_rate .
- the traveling load history P _Vehicle after startup of the fuel cell stack 1 is decreased, when the remaining fuel quantity H rest is exhausted, the battery SOC is greater than the offset value SOC _offset.
- the running load history P_vehicle becomes zero, all of the power generated by the fuel cell stack 1 is charged in the battery 9, and the battery SOC increases.
- the control unit 6 stops the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1. Thereby, useless power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 can be suppressed.
- the offset value SOC _offset like the battery 9 when the traveling load history P _Vehicle is the fuel remaining amount is exhausted even when increased does not become over-discharge, is predetermined.
- FC start threshold SOC_rate that defines the start timing of the fuel cell stack 1
- the FC start threshold SOC_rate that defines the start timing of the fuel cell stack 1
- the FC start threshold SOC_rate that defines the start timing of the fuel cell stack 1
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between the travel load history P_vehicle and the FC activation threshold SOC_rate .
- the controller 6 starts FC in order to advance the timing for assisting the power supply from the battery 9 to the drive motor 81 as the traveling load history P_vehicle increases with respect to the rated power P_rate of the fuel cell stack 1. Increase the threshold SOC_rate .
- FC start threshold SOC_rate increases as the power consumption of the drive motor 81 increases, the start timing of the fuel cell stack 1 is advanced, and the amount of charge of the battery 9 is insufficient during the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1. The situation can be avoided.
- FIG. 7 is a time chart illustrating the change in the output of the fuel cell system 10 accompanying the change in the battery SOC in the present embodiment.
- the activation control of the fuel cell stack 1 is started.
- the fuel cell system 10 requires FC auxiliary power P_fm to drive the pump 21 and the compressor 32.
- the rate of decrease of the battery SOC increases during the FC startup period T_startup , and the battery SOC decreases by the battery discharge amount S_startup during the FC startup period.
- the remaining amount of fuel stored in the fuel tank 20 is exhausted, the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 is stopped, and the battery SOC is secured by the offset value SOC_offset . For this reason, it is possible to avoid that the power of the battery 9 becomes insufficient during power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 and the output of the drive motor 81 is reduced or the battery 9 is overdischarged.
- the charge amount of the battery 9 is appropriately offset at the time point t3 when all the remaining fuel in the fuel cell stack 1 is consumed. Only the value SOC_offset can be secured. Moreover, by generating the fuel cell stack 1 with the rated power P_rate , it is possible to suppress the decrease in the charge amount of the battery 9 while promoting the fuel consumption of the fuel cell stack 1.
- FIG. 8 is a time chart when the power generation operation of the fuel cell stack 1 is performed in accordance with the battery SOC after the start-up of the fuel cell system 10 is completed.
- FC start threshold SOC_rate after the start of the fuel cell stack 1 is completed, that is, after the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 rises to an operating temperature at which rated power generation is possible.
- An embodiment is assumed. In this embodiment, since it is not necessary to use heating fuel, the battery discharge amount S_startup during the FC startup period is set to 0 (zero).
- a change in the battery SOC is indicated by a solid line, and a change in the remaining fuel amount H rest is indicated by a broken line.
- the fuel cell stack 1 starts generating power at the rated power P_rate .
- the remaining fuel amount H rest gradually decreases with time.
- the execution control of the fuel cell stack 1 is omitted.
- the remaining fuel amount H rest becomes 0 and the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 stops.
- the battery SOC is secured by the offset value SOC_offset . For this reason, during power generation of the fuel cell stack 1, it is possible to avoid a situation in which the battery SOC is insufficient and the power supplied to the drive motor 81 decreases sharply.
- the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 is greatly increased from 0 to the rated power. That is, when the ratio of the remaining fuel amount H rest to the battery SOC increases, the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 is increased stepwise so that the ratio decreases, thereby reducing the remaining fuel amount H rest .
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a setting method for setting the offset value SOC_offset for securing the output of the battery 9.
- the horizontal axis indicates the battery margin Margin indicating the difference between the travel load history P_vehicle and the upper limit output that is the upper limit value of the output power of the battery 9, and the vertical axis indicates the offset value SOC_offset .
- Control unit 6 of this embodiment is the same as the interval from first margin m1 to the second margin m2, depending on the size of the battery margin Margin, the offset value SOC _offset from the lower limit value SOC _Offset_L to the upper limit SOC _Offset_H Change in range.
- the first margin m1 is traveling load history P _Vehicle is a battery margin when increased to a vehicle power rating P _vehicle_rate.
- the vehicle rated power P_vehicle_rate is the vehicle power consumption when the power consumption of the load device 8 is maximized.
- the second margin m2 is a value obtained by experiments or the like, and is set to, for example, the battery margin when the traveling load history P_vehicle becomes a value obtained by multiplying the vehicle rated power by the coefficient “0.7”.
- the control unit 6 makes the FC activation threshold SOC_rate smaller than when the battery margin Margin is small. Therefore, while ensuring the charge amount of the battery 9, the opportunity of the rated power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 can be reduced, and the fuel efficiency can be improved.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a calculation method for calculating the battery margin Margin shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 (a) is an output characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the battery upper limit output and the battery SOC.
- FIG. 10B is an explanatory diagram showing a method for calculating the first margin m1.
- the first margin m1 is set to a value obtained by subtracting the vehicle rated power from the battery upper limit output when the battery SOC becomes the offset value SOC_offset .
- the battery margin Mragin shown in FIG. 9, the battery SOC is calculated by subtracting the travel load history P _Vehicle from the battery limit the output when it becomes the offset value SOC _offset.
- the lower limit value SOC_offset_L of the offset value shown in FIG. 9 is determined in consideration of the output characteristics of the battery 9 and the like. It is done.
- control unit 6 calculates the battery margin Margin in consideration of the output characteristics of the battery 9, and decreases the offset value SOC_offset as the battery margin Margin increases. As a result, it is possible to prevent the remaining amount of fuel Hrest from being consumed unnecessarily by performing power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 even though the battery SOC is sufficiently large. Therefore, the fuel consumption of the fuel cell stack 1 can be improved.
- the battery SOC has set the target generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 to the rated power P _Rate when lowered to FC start threshold SOC _Rate, set to a predetermined power smaller than the rated power P _Rate You may do it. Even in such a case, the amount of charge of the battery 9 can be secured after the remaining amount of fuel is consumed.
- the control unit 6 determines that the remaining fuel amount H rest is The FC start threshold SOC_rate is changed to a smaller value as the number decreases.
- the control unit 6 performs a fuel cell operation when the battery SOC is smaller than when the battery SOC is large.
- the target generated power of the stack 1 is set higher from 0 to a predetermined power value. As a result, it is possible to suppress a situation in which the amount of charge of the battery 9 is insufficient while the fuel in the fuel cell stack 1 remains.
- the predetermined power value set as the target generated power is preferably set to the rated power value P_rate of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the control unit 6 when the battery SOC becomes equal to or less than the FC start threshold SOC_rate , the control unit 6 reduces the ratio of the remaining fuel amount H rest to the battery SOC. In order to achieve this, the target generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 is increased stepwise.
- the remaining fuel amount H rest of the fuel cell stack 1 is reduced in preference to the charged amount of the battery 9, so that the situation where the charged amount of the battery 9 is insufficient when the fuel remains is suppressed. Can do.
- the control unit 6 stops the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 when the battery SOC becomes larger than a specific FC stop threshold SOC_reg. . Then, the control unit 6 sets the FC stop threshold value SOC_reg to a value larger than the FC start threshold value SOC_rate .
- the number of times of stopping the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 can be reduced, the number of times of starting the fuel cell stack 1 can be reduced accordingly. For this reason, since consumption of the fuel for heating which does not contribute to charge of the battery 9 can be suppressed, the fuel consumption of the fuel cell system 10 can be improved. Further, since hysteresis is provided as shown in FIG. 5, it is difficult for the fuel cell stack 1 to be repeatedly started and stopped, so that the operation of the fuel cell stack 1 can be stabilized.
- the control unit 6 calculates a travel load history P_vehicle indicating a fluctuation history of the power consumed by the load device 8 in step S913.
- the control unit 6 calculates the FC activation threshold value SOC_rate in step S918 using these calculation results.
- control unit 6 corrects the FC activation threshold SOC_rate according to the change history of the load device 8 connected to the battery 9.
- the start-up timing of the fuel cell stack 1 is advanced in accordance with the amount of increase in the discharge power from the battery 9 to the load device 8, so that the fuel consumption of the fuel cell stack 1 is promoted and the amount of charge of the battery 9 is insufficient. This can be avoided more reliably.
- control unit 6 increases the FC activation threshold SOC_rate as the traveling load history P_vehicle indicating the moving average value of the power consumption of the load device 8 increases.
- the starting timing of the fuel cell stack 1 is advanced as the traveling load history P_vehicle becomes larger, it is possible to reduce the remaining amount of fuel and suppress the decrease in the charge amount of the battery 9. Further, by using the moving average value of the power consumption of the load device 8, it is possible to avoid the FC start threshold SOC_rate from fluctuating frequently as the power consumption of the load device fluctuates in a short time. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the situation where the fuel cell stack 1 is repeatedly started and stopped.
- control unit 6 consumes the heating fuel supplied to the diffusion combustor 352, the catalytic combustor 353, and the exhaust combustor 40 during the start-up period of the fuel cell stack 1 in step S915.
- the FC rated power generation period T_rate is calculated using H startup .
- the control unit 6 calculates the battery discharge amount S _Assist of FC rated generating period T _Rate at step S916, calculates the FC start threshold SOC _Rate in step S918 by using the calculation result.
- control unit 6 corrects the FC start threshold SOC_rate to be small by using the heating fuel consumption H startup necessary for starting the fuel cell stack 1. As a result, the start timing of the fuel cell stack 1 is delayed, or the start of the fuel cell stack 1 is further suppressed, so that the start of the fuel cell stack 1 that does not contribute to the charging of the battery 9 can be suppressed.
- the control unit 6, the fuel cell stack 1 based on the fuel quantity H rest is sought FC rated generating period T _Rate to power at rated power P _Rate in step S915, FC rated at step S916
- the battery discharge amount S_assist is calculated according to the power consumption of the load device 8.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is generated with the rated power, the power supply from the battery 9 to the load device 8 is maximally assisted even when the vehicle power consumption rapidly increases. Can be suppressed. Further, by adding the offset value SOC _offset the FC start threshold SOC _Rate, since the start timing of the fuel cell stack 1 is accelerated, it is possible to more reliably ensure the output of the battery 9 while facilitating fuel consumption .
- control unit 6 reduces the offset value SOC_offset to a smaller value as the battery margin Margin indicating the difference between the battery upper limit power and the vehicle power consumption increases. Set.
- the offset value SOC_offset when there is a margin in the output of the battery 9, the charge amount of the battery 9 is less likely to be deficient. Therefore, by reducing the offset value SOC_offset , the timing for starting the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 can be accelerated more than necessary. Can be suppressed. Therefore, inefficient fuel consumption in the fuel cell stack 1 is suppressed, and the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 can be improved.
- FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the target output power of the fuel cell system 10 and the charge amount of the battery 9 in the third embodiment of the present invention.
- two driving sections are set for battery protection driving and fuel consumption priority driving.
- Battery protection operation section is the same section as the operation interval of the fuel cell stack 1 from the lower limit value of the battery SOC shown in Figure 5 until the threshold SOC_ rate.
- the control unit 6 sets the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 to the rated power P_rate in order to give priority to securing the charge amount of the battery 9. Note that in order to generate power at the rated power P_rate , the fuel cell stack 1 needs to maintain the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 at the upper limit within the temperature range in which power generation is possible.
- Fuel economy priority operation section S _Fit is set to a high battery SOC region than the operation switching threshold SOC_ rate which is the lower limit of the battery protection operation interval.
- the control unit 6 sets the target generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 to a high efficiency power value P_eco lower than the rated power value P_rate in order to improve the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the high-efficiency power value P_eco is set to a power value with the highest energy efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1 in a state where the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is maintained at the lower limit side of the temperature range in which power generation is possible.
- FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram regarding the energy efficiency of the battery protection operation and the fuel efficiency priority operation.
- the horizontal axis indicates the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1
- the vertical axis indicates the energy efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the control unit 6 maintains the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 at the lower limit temperature of the temperature range in which power generation is possible, for example, 650 ° C., and the high efficiency power value at which the energy efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1 is highest
- the fuel cell stack 1 is caused to generate power so as to be P_eco . That is, the control unit 6 supplies each flow rate of the anode gas and the cathode gas necessary for power generation with the high efficiency power value P_eco to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the control unit 6 operates the DC-DC converter 51 to increase the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 to a voltage value at which the electric power extracted from the fuel cell stack 1 to the battery 9 becomes the high efficiency electric power value P_eco .
- the control unit 6 maintains the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 at the upper limit temperature of the temperature range in which power generation is possible, for example, 750 ° C., and the generated power corresponds to the lower limit voltage of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is caused to generate power so as to have a value P_rate . That is, the control unit 6 supplies each flow rate of the anode gas and the cathode gas necessary for generating power at the rated power value P_rate to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the control unit 6 operates the DC-DC converter 51 to lower the voltage of the fuel cell stack 1 to a voltage value at which the power taken from the fuel cell stack 1 to the battery 9 becomes the rated power value P_rate .
- the control unit 6 reduces the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 within the temperature range in which the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 is possible and generates power generated by the fuel cell stack 1. Set low.
- the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is increased using the heating fuel within the temperature range in which the fuel cell stack 1 can generate power, and the power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 is performed. Set the power higher.
- FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an example of a setting method for setting the fuel efficiency priority operation section S_fit .
- the horizontal axis indicates the travel load history P_vehicle
- the vertical axis indicates the fuel consumption priority driving section S_fit .
- control unit 6 the fuel consumption priority operation section S _Fit, from the lower limit value S _Fit_L in accordance with the size of the travel load history P _Vehicle Change in the range up to the upper limit S_fit_H .
- the control unit 6 increases the fuel efficiency priority operation section S_fit compared to when the vehicle power consumption is small. Therefore, since the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1 is improved, the amount of charge from the fuel cell stack 1 to the battery 9 is increased, and the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 can be improved.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of the power generation control process executed in step S900 in the present embodiment.
- the power generation control process of the present embodiment includes processes of steps S934, S935, S937 to S942 instead of the processes of steps S914, S915, S917 to S920 shown in FIG.
- the other processes are the same as the processes shown in FIG.
- step S934 the control unit 6 calculates the battery discharge amount S_startup during the FC startup period according to the equation (1), similarly to the process of step S914.
- the FC start-up period T_startup of the present embodiment includes a start-up period required to make a transition from the stop state of the fuel cell stack 1 to a fuel-efficient priority operation, and a warm-up period required to make a transition from the fuel-efficient priority operation to the battery protection operation Is the value obtained by integrating Specifically, the start-up period is the time required to raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 to the temperature required for the implementation of the fuel efficiency priority operation, and the warm-up period is the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 during the fuel efficiency priority operation. This is the time required to increase from the temperature state to the temperature required for carrying out the battery protection operation.
- step S935 the control unit 6 calculates the FC rated power generation period T_rate according to the equation (2), similarly to the processing in step 915.
- the consumption amount H startup of the heating fuel in the present embodiment is calculated based on the consumption amount of the startup fuel necessary to raise the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 to the operating temperature of the fuel efficiency priority operation and the temperature state of the fuel efficiency priority operation. It is set to a value obtained by adding the consumption amount of the warm-up fuel necessary for warming up the fuel cell stack 1 to the operating temperature of the protection operation.
- step S937 the control unit 6 determines the battery margin M as shown in FIG. Depending on the size of Argin, sets the offset value SOC _offset to ensure output of the battery 9.
- the first margin m1 in the present embodiment is obtained by adding the high efficiency power P_eco to the value obtained by subtracting the vehicle rated power from the battery upper limit output.
- the battery margin Marign is obtained by adding the high-efficiency power P_eco to a value obtained by subtracting the traveling load history P_vehicle from the battery upper limit output when the battery SOC reaches the upper limit value SOC_offset_H of the offset value.
- step S938 the control unit 6 sets the operation switching threshold value SOC_rate that defines the switching timing from the fuel efficiency priority operation to the battery protection operation according to the equation (4), as in the process of step S918.
- step S939 the control unit 6 sets the fuel consumption priority driving section S_fit according to the size of the travel load history P_vehicle .
- step S940 the control unit 6 calculates the FC start threshold SOC_eco that defines the start timing of the fuel cell stack 1, as shown in the following equation (5).
- step S941 the control unit 6 sets the target generated power when the battery SOC decreases to the FC start threshold SOC_eco to the high efficiency power value P_eco , and the target power generation when the battery SOC decreases to the operation switching threshold SOC_rate.
- the power is set to the rated power value P_rate .
- the control unit 6 raises the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 to the lower limit side of the temperature range in which power generation is possible, and generates power with high-efficiency power P_eco .
- Each flow rate of the cathode gas and the anode gas necessary for this is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the control unit 6 raises the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 to the upper limit side of the temperature range in which power generation is possible and generates power at the rated power P_rate .
- Each flow rate of the cathode gas and the anode gas necessary for this is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the controller 6 when the battery SOC (charge amount) reaches the FC start threshold (first threshold) SOC_eco , the controller 6 performs the fuel efficiency priority operation. That is, when the battery SOC decreases to the FC activation threshold value SOC_eco , the control unit 6 activates the fuel cell stack 1 to generate power with high efficiency power P_eco lower than the rated power P_rate. Let Thereby, since the energy efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1 is improved, the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system 10 can be improved.
- the control unit 6 changes the operation state of the fuel cell stack 1 from the fuel efficiency priority operation. Switch to battery protection mode. That is, when the battery SOC decreases to the operation switching threshold value SOC_rate , the control unit 6 increases the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 and increases the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 as shown in FIG. Thereby, the charge amount of the battery 9 can be ensured while promoting the consumption of the remaining amount of fuel.
- the upper limit output of the battery 9 is larger than the rated power P_rate of the fuel cell stack 1, so that sufficient power supply to the drive motor 81 is achieved. There is a concern that the output performance is degraded due to excessive discharge power of the battery 9. In addition, since it takes time to charge the power generated by the fuel cell stack 1 to the battery 9, it takes time until the vehicle can travel.
- the charge amount of the battery 9 is ensured after the remaining amount of fuel is consumed. Can be suppressed.
- control unit 6 calculates the FC rated power generation period T_rate using the heating fuel consumption amount H startup necessary for starting and warming up the fuel cell stack 1 in step S935. . Based on the FC rated power generation period T_rate , the operation switching threshold SOC_rate and the FC start threshold SOC_eco are calculated.
- the operation switching timing from the fuel efficiency priority operation to the battery protection operation and the activation timing are corrected, so that the fuel cell stack 1 is activated accurately and the battery protection operation is performed so that the charge amount of the battery 9 is not insufficient. It becomes possible to switch to.
- the traveling load history P _Vehicle increases, fuel consumption priority operation section S _Fit increases. That is, as the power consumption of the load device 8 connected to the battery 9 increases, the section from the FC start threshold SOC_eco to the operation switching threshold SOC_rate is expanded.
- the start timing of the fuel cell stack 1 is advanced, and the period of power generation while the energy efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1 is high becomes longer, so that the amount of power supplied from the fuel cell stack 1 to the battery 9 can be increased.
- the fuel consumption of the fuel cell system 10 can be improved.
- control unit 6 may set three or more operating points of the fuel cell stack 1 and may perform control so that the generated power of the fuel cell stack 1 is gradually reduced as the battery SOC decreases. Even if it does in this way, the energy efficiency of the fuel cell stack 1 can be improved compared with 2nd Embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a fuel cell system 11 including a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- the fuel cell system 11 supplies power to the drive motor 81 provided in the load device 8a and the auxiliary battery 9a that assists the power of the fuel cell stack 1.
- the fuel cell system 11 is based on the required power of a fuel cell stack 1a in which a plurality of polymer electrolyte fuel cells are stacked, a fuel supply device 2a, an oxidant supply device 3a, a power conversion device 5a, and a drive motor 81. And a control unit 6a for controlling the supply flow rates of the anode gas and the cathode gas to the fuel cell stack 1a.
- the fuel supply device 2a includes a high-pressure tank 20a for storing the anode gas at a high pressure, an anode gas supply passage 22a, an anode pressure adjusting valve 23a for adjusting the pressure of the anode gas, a purge valve 24a for discharging the anode off gas, and an anode gas. And a discharge passage 29a.
- the oxidant supply device 3a includes a filter 30a, a compressor 32a, a cathode gas supply passage 33a, a cathode pressure regulating valve 34a for adjusting the pressure of the cathode gas, and a cathode gas discharge passage 39a.
- the power conversion device 5a includes a DC-DC converter 51 that supplies the generated power of the fuel cell system 11 to the load device 8a or the auxiliary battery 9a.
- the control unit 6a acquires the battery SOC from the charge amount sensor 61, and when the battery SOC becomes equal to or less than the FC start threshold as shown in step S100 of FIG. Then, the fuel cell stack 1 is started. Then, the control unit 6a obtains the remaining amount of fuel that can be supplied to the fuel cell stack 1a from the fuel amount sensor 62, and when the remaining fuel amount decreases as shown in step S903 in FIG.
- the FC activation threshold is set to a smaller value than when the amount is large.
- the start of the fuel cell stack 1 can be suppressed as in the first to third embodiments, the consumption of heating fuel that does not contribute to the charging of the battery 9 is suppressed. be able to. Therefore, the fuel consumption of the fuel cell system 10 can be improved while ensuring the output of the battery 9.
- control unit 6 executes the power generation control process of step S900 shown in FIG. 2 during the start control of the fuel cell stack 1, but executes it during the power generation operation or stop control of the fuel cell stack 1. Also good.
- control unit 6, during the period until stop of activation of the fuel cell system 10, may always be updated threshold SOC _Rate and SOC _eco. Even if it does in this way, the effect similar to the said embodiment can be acquired.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1実施形態における燃料電池システム10の主要構成を示すブロック図である。
図4は、本発明の第2実施形態における発電制御処理の一例を示すフローチャートである。本実施形態の燃料電池システムの構成は、図1に示したものと同じであるため、以下では、同一の構成について同一符号を付して説明する。
図11は、本発明の第3実施形態における燃料電池システム10の目標出力電力とバッテリ9の充電量との関係を示す説明図である。
arginの大きさに応じて、バッテリ9の出力を確保するためのオフセット値SOC_offsetを設定する。
図16は、高分子電解質型燃料電池を備える燃料電池システム11の構成の一例を示す構成図である。
Claims (11)
- 燃料電池に燃料及び酸化剤を供給して前記燃料電池の発電電力を二次電池へ出力する燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記二次電池の充電量を取得する充電量取得ステップと、
前記二次電池の充電量が所定の値以下になった場合に、前記燃料電池の発電を停止した状態から前記燃料電池を起動させる又は前記燃料電池の発電電力を増やす発電制御ステップと、
前記燃料電池に供給可能な燃料の残量を取得する燃料量取得ステップと、
前記燃料の残量が少なくなったときには、前記燃料の残量が多いときに比して前記所定の値を小さな値に設定する設定ステップと、
を含む燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記発電制御ステップは、前記二次電池の充電量が前記所定の値以下になったときには、当該充電量が前記所定の値よりも大きいときに比して前記燃料電池の発電電力を高く設定する、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記発電制御ステップは、前記二次電池の充電量に対する前記燃料の残量の割合が小さくなるように、前記燃料電池の発電電力を階段状に増やす、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記発電制御ステップは、前記二次電池の充電量が特定の閾値よりも大きくなった場合に、前記燃料電池の発電を停止し、
前記設定ステップは、前記特定の閾値を前記所定の値よりも大きな値に設定する、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項1から請求項4までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記設定ステップは、前記二次電池に接続された負荷の変動履歴に応じて前記所定の値を算出する、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項5に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記設定ステップは、前記負荷の移動平均値が大きくなるほど、前記所定の値を大きくする、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項5又は請求項6に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記設定ステップは、前記燃料電池の起動又は暖機に必要となる燃料の消費量に応じて前記所定の値を補正する、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項7に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記設定ステップは、
前記燃料の残量に基づいて前記燃料電池の定格発電による発電期間を求め、当該発電期間における前記二次電池の放電量を前記負荷の大きさに応じて算出し、
前記二次電池の放電量に所定のオフセット値を加算して前記所定の値を算出する、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項8に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記設定ステップは、前記二次電池の上限出力と前記負荷の消費電力との差分が大きくなるほど、前記所定のオフセット値を小さな値に設定する、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項1から請求項9までのいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記発電制御ステップは、
前記二次電池の充電量が前記所定の値よりも大きな第1閾値まで小さくなった場合には、前記燃料電池を起動して前記燃料電池を発電させ、
前記二次電池の充電量が前記所定の値である第2閾値まで小さくなった場合には、前記燃料電池の温度を高くして前記燃料電池の発電電力を増やし、
前記設定ステップは、前記二次電池の負荷が大きくなるほど、前記第1閾値から第2閾値までの区間を広げる、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 二次電池に接続され、前記二次電池の状態に応じて発電する燃料電池と、
前記燃料電池に燃料及び酸化剤を供給するガス供給装置と、
前記二次電池の充電量を検出するセンサと、
前記二次電池の充電量が所定の値以下になった場合に、前記燃料電池の発電を停止した状態から前記燃料電池を起動させる又は前記燃料電池の発電電力を増やすコントローラと、を含み、
前記コントローラは、前記ガス供給装置に蓄えられた燃料の残量が少なくなったときには、前記燃料の残量が多いときに比して前記所定の値を小さな値に設定する、
燃料電池システム。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16/065,446 US20180375135A1 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-11-30 | Fuel cell system and method for controlling fuel cell system |
BR112018012973-9A BR112018012973B1 (pt) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-11-30 | Sistema de célula de combustível e método para controlar sistema de célula de combustível |
JP2017557823A JP6586999B2 (ja) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-11-30 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
CN201680076279.9A CN108432018B (zh) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-11-30 | 燃料电池系统以及燃料电池系统的控制方法 |
CA3009598A CA3009598C (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-11-30 | Fuel cell system that outputs generated power to a secondary battery, and related method |
EP16878284.5A EP3396764B1 (en) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-11-30 | Fuel cell system and fuel cell system control method |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015254162 | 2015-12-25 | ||
JP2015-254162 | 2015-12-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2017110390A1 true WO2017110390A1 (ja) | 2017-06-29 |
Family
ID=59090049
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2016/085495 WO2017110390A1 (ja) | 2015-12-25 | 2016-11-30 | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20180375135A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3396764B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6586999B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN108432018B (ja) |
BR (1) | BR112018012973B1 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3009598C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2017110390A1 (ja) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019154211A (ja) * | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-12 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 電動車両 |
JP2019153481A (ja) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
CN110945734A (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-03-31 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 电源系统及其控制方法 |
CN111200142A (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-05-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种燃料电池启动过程控制系统 |
JP2020205168A (ja) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-24 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 燃料電池システム |
WO2021116725A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-06-17 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの制御方法、及び燃料電池システム |
CN113320442A (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-31 | 黄冈格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | 氢能汽车辅助能源soc控制方法及系统 |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109217409B (zh) * | 2018-08-31 | 2021-02-02 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 充电方法、装置和电子设备 |
CN111261906A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 四川众鑫阳科技有限公司 | 一种燃料电池的供氢放电保护系统 |
CN110154790A (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-08-23 | 民航协发机场设备有限公司 | 车辆供电系统、车辆供电系统的控制方法及车辆 |
CN109713337B (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-12-03 | 中科军联(张家港)新能源科技有限公司 | 直接甲醇燃料电池与锂离子电池混合输出装置和输出方法 |
JP2021061104A (ja) * | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | システム、システムの制御方法、およびプログラム |
KR20210053360A (ko) * | 2019-10-31 | 2021-05-12 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 제어 방법 |
CN111251910B (zh) * | 2019-12-17 | 2022-04-29 | 武汉理工大学 | 一种燃料电池汽车双源混合动力系统的上电启动方法 |
US11287460B2 (en) | 2020-01-30 | 2022-03-29 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Methods and apparatus for managing a battery system |
CN113511110B (zh) * | 2020-04-10 | 2022-10-14 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | 一种纯电可用功率确定方法、系统及车辆 |
CN112776671B (zh) * | 2020-05-15 | 2022-09-16 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池汽车能量管理方法、系统及车辆 |
JP7264110B2 (ja) * | 2020-05-15 | 2023-04-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
JP7402122B2 (ja) * | 2020-06-04 | 2023-12-20 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 給電制御システム、給電制御方法、およびプログラム |
KR20210154298A (ko) * | 2020-06-11 | 2021-12-21 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 차량의 전력 제어 시스템 및 방법 |
FR3113987B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-08-26 | Powidian | Procédé de commande d’un bloc pile à combustible et dispositifs associés |
JP2022074967A (ja) | 2020-11-05 | 2022-05-18 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
CN112803044B (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 上海捷氢科技股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池的氢控制方法及系统 |
CN113540519B (zh) * | 2021-07-23 | 2022-06-17 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 一种燃料电池备用电源充放电管理系统及方法 |
CN115649015B (zh) * | 2022-10-19 | 2023-12-15 | 苏州市华昌能源科技有限公司 | 一种基于时段的车载燃料电池能量管理方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012253948A (ja) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム、および燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
JP2014022246A (ja) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-02-03 | Panasonic Corp | 燃料電池発電システム |
JP2014072144A (ja) * | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関 |
US20140113162A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-04-24 | Convion Oy | Method and arrangement for minimizing need for safety gases |
JP2014099801A (ja) * | 2012-11-15 | 2014-05-29 | Panasonic Corp | 通信システム |
JP2014192075A (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-06 | Panasonic Corp | 燃料電池発電システム |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6672415B1 (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2004-01-06 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Moving object with fuel cells incorporated therein and method of controlling the same |
JP5446025B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-01 | 2014-03-19 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムおよび燃料電池の出力制御方法 |
JPWO2011070746A1 (ja) * | 2009-12-10 | 2013-04-22 | パナソニック株式会社 | 燃料電池システム、及び電子装置 |
-
2016
- 2016-11-30 BR BR112018012973-9A patent/BR112018012973B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2016-11-30 US US16/065,446 patent/US20180375135A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-11-30 CA CA3009598A patent/CA3009598C/en active Active
- 2016-11-30 CN CN201680076279.9A patent/CN108432018B/zh active Active
- 2016-11-30 JP JP2017557823A patent/JP6586999B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2016-11-30 WO PCT/JP2016/085495 patent/WO2017110390A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-11-30 EP EP16878284.5A patent/EP3396764B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2012253948A (ja) * | 2011-06-03 | 2012-12-20 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム、および燃料電池システムの制御方法 |
US20140113162A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2014-04-24 | Convion Oy | Method and arrangement for minimizing need for safety gases |
JP2014022246A (ja) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-02-03 | Panasonic Corp | 燃料電池発電システム |
JP2014072144A (ja) * | 2012-10-01 | 2014-04-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関 |
JP2014099801A (ja) * | 2012-11-15 | 2014-05-29 | Panasonic Corp | 通信システム |
JP2014192075A (ja) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-06 | Panasonic Corp | 燃料電池発電システム |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP3396764A4 |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11233256B2 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2022-01-25 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Power supply system and control method therefor |
CN110945734A (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-03-31 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 电源系统及其控制方法 |
JPWO2019026148A1 (ja) * | 2017-07-31 | 2020-09-24 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 電源システムの制御方法及び電源システムの制御装置 |
CN110945734B (zh) * | 2017-07-31 | 2023-06-27 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 电源系统及其控制方法 |
JP7291627B2 (ja) | 2017-07-31 | 2023-06-15 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 電源システムの制御方法及び電源システムの制御装置 |
JP2019153481A (ja) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
JP7021565B2 (ja) | 2018-03-05 | 2022-02-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
JP2019154211A (ja) * | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-12 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 電動車両 |
CN111200142A (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-05-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种燃料电池启动过程控制系统 |
CN111200142B (zh) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-02-12 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种燃料电池启动过程控制系统 |
JP7194081B2 (ja) | 2019-06-17 | 2022-12-21 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 燃料電池システム |
JP2020205168A (ja) * | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-24 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 燃料電池システム |
WO2021116725A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-06-17 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システムの制御方法、及び燃料電池システム |
CN113320442A (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-08-31 | 黄冈格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | 氢能汽车辅助能源soc控制方法及系统 |
CN113320442B (zh) * | 2021-05-26 | 2023-07-04 | 黄冈格罗夫氢能汽车有限公司 | 氢能汽车辅助能源soc控制方法及系统 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3396764B1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
CA3009598A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
BR112018012973B1 (pt) | 2022-08-02 |
JPWO2017110390A1 (ja) | 2018-11-08 |
US20180375135A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
EP3396764A4 (en) | 2019-01-02 |
CA3009598C (en) | 2022-03-01 |
BR112018012973A2 (ja) | 2018-12-04 |
EP3396764A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
CN108432018A (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
JP6586999B2 (ja) | 2019-10-09 |
CN108432018B (zh) | 2021-06-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6586999B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
CA3009601C (en) | Solid oxide fuel cell system and method of controlling the same | |
CA3008772C (en) | Fuel cell system and control method for fuel cell system | |
CA3009462C (en) | Fuel cell system and control method for fuel cell system | |
WO2017104255A1 (ja) | 燃料電池システムの制御方法、及び燃料電池システム | |
JP6583431B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム、及び、燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
JP6620890B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム、及び、燃料電池システムの制御方法 | |
JP6759573B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システムの制御方法及び燃料電池システム |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16878284 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017557823 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 3009598 Country of ref document: CA |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REG | Reference to national code |
Ref country code: BR Ref legal event code: B01A Ref document number: 112018012973 Country of ref document: BR |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2016878284 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016878284 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20180725 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 112018012973 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20180622 |