WO2011064980A1 - 撮像装置及びカメラ本体 - Google Patents
撮像装置及びカメラ本体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011064980A1 WO2011064980A1 PCT/JP2010/006825 JP2010006825W WO2011064980A1 WO 2011064980 A1 WO2011064980 A1 WO 2011064980A1 JP 2010006825 W JP2010006825 W JP 2010006825W WO 2011064980 A1 WO2011064980 A1 WO 2011064980A1
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- Prior art keywords
- curtain
- opening
- image sensor
- front curtain
- shutter device
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
- G03B9/08—Shutters
- G03B9/36—Sliding rigid plate
- G03B9/40—Double plate
- G03B9/42—Double plate with adjustable slot; with mechanism controlling relative movement of plates to form slot
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B7/00—Control of exposure by setting shutters, diaphragms or filters, separately or conjointly
- G03B7/08—Control effected solely on the basis of the response, to the intensity of the light received by the camera, of a built-in light-sensitive device
- G03B7/091—Digital circuits
- G03B7/097—Digital circuits for control of both exposure time and aperture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B9/00—Exposure-making shutters; Diaphragms
- G03B9/08—Shutters
- G03B9/10—Blade or disc rotating or pivoting about axis normal to its plane
- G03B9/14—Two separate members moving in opposite directions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
- H04N23/673—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals based on contrast or high frequency components of image signals, e.g. hill climbing method
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
- H04N23/75—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing optical camera components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B13/00—Viewfinders; Focusing aids for cameras; Means for focusing for cameras; Autofocus systems for cameras
- G03B13/32—Means for focusing
- G03B13/34—Power focusing
- G03B13/36—Autofocus systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B17/00—Details of cameras or camera bodies; Accessories therefor
- G03B17/02—Bodies
- G03B17/12—Bodies with means for supporting objectives, supplementary lenses, filters, masks, or turrets
- G03B17/14—Bodies with means for supporting objectives, supplementary lenses, filters, masks, or turrets interchangeably
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B2206/00—Systems for exchange of information between different pieces of apparatus, e.g. for exchanging trimming information, for photo finishing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B7/00—Control of exposure by setting shutters, diaphragms or filters, separately or conjointly
- G03B7/08—Control effected solely on the basis of the response, to the intensity of the light received by the camera, of a built-in light-sensitive device
- G03B7/091—Digital circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/61—Control of cameras or camera modules based on recognised objects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an imaging apparatus that images a subject and generates image data.
- An imaging device that incorporates an image sensor and captures an image of a subject to generate image data is remarkably widespread.
- Such an imaging apparatus started to spread from an imaging apparatus in which an optical system and a main body are integrated.
- an imaging apparatus capable of separating the optical system and the main body is also becoming popular due to a demand for higher quality image data.
- the prototype of an imaging device that can separate the optical system and the main body is a film type single-lens reflex camera.
- a digital single-lens reflex camera has a film replaced with an image sensor.
- a movable mirror similar to a film type single lens reflex camera is arranged in the main body of the digital single lens reflex camera.
- the movable mirror is usually disposed on the optical path of the subject light incident through the interchangeable lens, and guides the subject light to the optical viewfinder.
- the movable mirror retreats from the optical path so that the subject light is guided to the image sensor only during photographing. Therefore, in the digital single-lens reflex camera, the user observes the subject with the optical viewfinder and determines the composition.
- Step-up users from so-called compact digital cameras with an integrated optical system and main body are accustomed to determining the composition while observing a large LCD monitor on the back of the main body.
- Such users are often unfamiliar with optical viewfinders that must be looked into.
- the movable mirror is retracted from the optical path and the subject image is displayed on the large liquid crystal monitor provided on the back of the main body, other than during imaging.
- a live view function Such a function of displaying a subject image on a large liquid crystal monitor provided on the back of the main body may be referred to as a live view function.
- normally single-lens reflex cameras usually employ a normally closed shutter that is open only during shooting. Therefore, in order to realize the live view function, it is necessary to keep the normally closed shutter in an open state, and there is a problem that power consumption increases.
- a digital single-lens camera that has a normally open shutter and does not have a movable mirror in the body has appeared.
- a digital single-lens camera in which “ref” meaning a reflex mirror is deleted.
- a digital single-lens camera may be provided with an electronic viewfinder that looks into. Since the digital single-lens camera does not include a movable mirror, the main body can be extremely miniaturized. In addition, the normally open shutter can maintain an open state without applying power, so that power consumption is also reduced.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose digital single-lens reflex cameras having a live view function.
- the front curtain is stored in the lower part of the normally open shutter
- the rear curtain is stored in the upper part of the normally open shutter
- the normally open shutter is in the open state.
- the main unit starts autofocus and exposure control operations.
- the phase difference detection method cannot be adopted for the autofocus operation. Therefore, a contrast detection type autofocus operation is performed based on the image signal output from the image sensor. Further, when the main body does not include an independent exposure meter, the exposure control operation is also performed based on the image signal output from the image sensor.
- the opening of the normally open shutter is shielded by charging the front curtain, and then the front curtain and the rear curtain run at regular intervals to form an exposure time. Thereafter, the opening of the normally open shutter is shielded by the rear curtain until the reading of the image signal from the image sensor is completed.
- the trailing curtain is stored on the top of the normally open shutter.
- the front curtain follows the rear curtain and moves toward the upper part of the normally open shutter, then reverses halfway and moves toward the lower part of the normally open shutter, and moves to the lower part of the normally open shutter.
- the normally open shutter shifts from the closed state to the open state by opening the front curtain and the rear curtain from the vicinity of the center in the vertical direction of the opening.
- a digital single-lens reflex camera employing a normally closed shutter when performing an autofocus operation using a contrast detection method in a live view state, the normally closed shutter must be once opened.
- the movable mirror is moved along the optical path each time shooting is performed, and a part of the subject light is used as the phase difference sensor. After guiding it, it must be retracted before forming an exposure time. Therefore, it is difficult to improve the continuous shooting speed.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to improve the continuous shooting speed in an imaging apparatus that employs a focal plane shutter and performs an exposure control operation based on a contrast detection type autofocus operation or an image signal.
- an optical system that includes a focus lens and collects subject light, an image sensor that generates an image signal based on the subject light, a front curtain and a rear that are disposed between the optical system and the image sensor
- a shutter device comprising a curtain, position detection means for detecting the positions of the front curtain and the rear curtain, and the opening of the shutter device is fully opened based on the positions of the front curtain and the rear curtain detected by the position detection means.
- An image pickup apparatus is provided that includes a control unit that starts taking in an image signal from the image pickup element before reaching.
- an optical system that includes a focus lens and collects subject light, an image sensor that generates an image signal based on the subject light, a front curtain and a rear that are disposed between the optical system and the image sensor
- a shutter device comprising a curtain, position detection means for detecting the positions of the front curtain and rear curtain, focusing means for driving the focus lens based on the image signal, and the front curtain detected by the position detection means
- a control means for operating the focusing means before the opening of the shutter device is fully opened based on the position of the rear curtain.
- the autofocus operation by the focusing means can be started without waiting until the opening of the shutter device is fully opened.
- an optical system that collects subject light, an image sensor that generates an image signal based on the subject light, and a shutter that is disposed between the optical system and the image sensor and includes a front curtain and a rear curtain A position detection means for detecting the positions of the front curtain and the rear curtain, an exposure determination means for determining an exposure based on the image signal, and the positions of the front curtain and the rear curtain detected by the position detection means.
- an imaging device comprising: a control unit that operates the exposure determining unit before the opening of the shutter device is fully opened.
- the exposure determination operation by the exposure determination means can be started without waiting until the opening of the shutter device is fully opened.
- a camera body having the same characteristics as those of the first, second, and third aspects is provided.
- each operation can be finished earlier than when each operation is started after the opening of the shutter device is fully opened. That is, during continuous shooting, shooting of the next frame can be started quickly, and the continuous shooting speed can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a digital single-lens camera using a normally open shutter according to this embodiment.
- the digital single-lens camera 1 includes an interchangeable lens 100 and a main body 200, and the interchangeable lens 100 can be attached to and detached from a predetermined position on the main body 200.
- Main Body The main body 200 includes a communication unit (2) 201, an image sensor 202, a main body control unit 203, a normally open shutter 220, and a liquid crystal monitor 210.
- the main body 200 also includes a release button for the user to instruct a shooting operation, a storage unit that stores image data obtained by the shooting operation, and the like, which are omitted in FIG.
- the main body control unit 203 is configured by an LSI in which a microcomputer and a control circuit that controls each unit in the main body 200 and a signal processing circuit that performs various signal processing are integrated.
- the main body control unit 203 controls the operation of each unit in the main body 200.
- the main body control unit 203 outputs a control signal to the lens control unit 105 via the communication unit (2) 201 and the communication unit (1) 106.
- the main body control unit 203 outputs a vertical synchronization signal to the image sensor 202.
- the main body control unit 203 controls the operation of the image sensor 202.
- the main body control unit 203 converts the image signal output from the image sensor 202 into image data that is a digital signal.
- the main body control unit 203 performs various signal processing such as white balance control.
- the main body control unit 203 can output image data obtained by various signal processing to the liquid crystal monitor 210.
- the main body control unit 203 drives and controls the normally open shutter 220.
- the main body control unit 203 is an LSI in which a control circuit that controls each part in the main body 200 and a signal processing circuit that performs various signal processings are integrated.
- the main body control unit 203 may be configured by a plurality of LSIs.
- the image sensor 202 converts subject light incident through the interchangeable lens 100 into an image signal and outputs the image signal.
- the imaging element 202 can be configured with a CMOS image sensor or the like.
- the liquid crystal monitor 210 is a display element that can display an image based on the display image data generated by the main body control unit 203.
- the display element can be configured by other display elements such as an organic EL monitor instead of the liquid crystal monitor 210.
- the normally open shutter 220 is disposed at a position facing the imaging surface of the imaging element 202.
- the normally open shutter 220 can transmit or block subject light incident on the image sensor 202 from the interchangeable lens 100 side.
- the normally open shutter 220 is a focal plane shutter and includes a front curtain 225 and a rear curtain 226.
- the main body control unit 203 can detect the in-focus state of the subject light from the contrast of the image signal output from the image sensor 202.
- the focus detection based on the contrast of the image signal output from the image sensor 202 is called focus detection by a contrast detection method.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining various autofocus methods.
- FIG. 2A shows the operation of the face recognition autofocus method that focuses on the detected human face when the human face is detected in the image data.
- FIG. 2B shows a nine-point autofocus operation for focusing on any one or a plurality of regions among the nine regions R1 in the image data.
- FIG. 2C shows a one-point autofocus operation for focusing on the central region R2 in the image data.
- the main body control unit 203 performs an autofocus operation based on one of the methods.
- the main body control unit 203 can determine the optimum exposure condition for photographing from the luminance of the image signal output from the image sensor 202.
- the exposure conditions are the exposure time for the image sensor 202, that is, the exposure time formed by running the front and rear curtains of the normally open shutter 220, the aperture of the aperture unit 103, that is, the aperture value, the sensitivity of the image sensor 202, or It is determined by selecting an optimal combination from combinations of image signal gain and the like.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method of exposure control operation.
- FIG. 3A shows a multi-photometry method in which the exposure is determined by evaluating the brightness of the entire image data based on the brightness of the photometry area C1 divided into a plurality of parts.
- FIG. 3B shows a center-weighted photometry method that determines the exposure by evaluating the luminance around a predetermined photometric area C2 at the center of the image data.
- FIG. 3C shows a spot photometry method in which the exposure is determined by evaluating the luminance of a region C3 narrower than the center-weighted photometry region C2 at the center of the image data.
- the main body control unit 203 performs an exposure control operation based on any method.
- the interchangeable lens 100 includes an objective lens 101, a zoom lens 102, a diaphragm unit 103, a focus lens 104, a lens control unit 105, and a communication unit (1) 106.
- the basic configuration of the interchangeable lens 100 is the same whether it is a digital single-lens camera 1 that uses a normally open shutter 220 as in this embodiment or a digital single-lens reflex camera that uses a normally closed shutter. is there.
- the lens control unit 105 is configured by an LSI in which a microcomputer and a control circuit that controls each unit in the interchangeable lens 100 are integrated.
- the lens control unit 105 inputs the reference signal output from the main body control unit 203 via the communication unit (2) 201 and the communication unit (1) 106, and the focus lens 104 in synchronization with the input reference signal. Can be controlled.
- the lens control unit 105 inputs the operation request output from the main body control unit 203 via the communication unit (2) 201 and the communication unit (1) 106, and the zoom lens 102 based on the input operation request.
- the aperture unit 103 and the focus lens 104 can be controlled.
- the lens control unit 105 moves the focus lens 104 forward and backward in the optical axis L direction based on the operation request output from the main body control unit 203. Thereby, the interchangeable lens 100 can focus the subject light on the image sensor 202.
- the lens control unit 105 performs not only the drive of the focus lens 104 but also the drive control of the aperture unit 103 and the zoom lens 102, but the details are omitted.
- the lens control unit 105 is an LSI in which a microcomputer and a control circuit that controls each unit in the interchangeable lens 100 are integrated. However, the lens control unit 105 may be configured by a plurality of LSIs.
- the interchangeable lens 100 also includes a mechanism for detecting blur, a storage unit that stores information unique to the interchangeable lens 100, and the like, which are omitted in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an external view of the normally open shutter 220.
- FIG. 4 shows an appearance of the normally open shutter 220 as viewed from the optical axis L side.
- the normally open shutter 220 includes a charge motor 221, a drive gear 222, a reduction gear 223, a drive unit 224, a front curtain 225, a rear curtain 226, a pulse counter 227, and an opening 228.
- FIG. 4 shows a state where the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is partially opened.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of the drive unit 224 of the normally open shutter 220.
- the normally open shutter 220 includes a lever 300, a rear curtain drive pin 310, a front curtain drive pin 320, a first cam 330, and a second cam 340.
- the lever 300 is configured by pivotally connecting the first arm 301 and the second arm 302 with a connection pin 305.
- the first arm 301 is rotatably supported by a fixing pin 304.
- the second arm 302 is rotatably connected to the first cam 330 by a connection pin 306.
- the first cam 330 can be rotated clockwise around the fixing pin 331 by pressing and moving the pressing portion 303 provided at one end of the first arm 301 leftward in the drawing.
- the pressing of the pressing portion 303 in the left direction in the drawing is performed by a pressing force obtained by converting a rotational force transmitted from the charge motor 221 through the driving gear 222 and the reduction gear 223 by a cam mechanism (not shown). Movement of the pressing portion 303 in the right direction in the drawing is performed by a biasing spring (not shown).
- the rear curtain drive pin 310 has a cam portion 311 and a pin portion 312 that are integrally formed.
- the pin portion 312 is rotatably connected to the rear curtain 226 by a connection pin 314.
- the first cam 330 rotates about the fixed pin 331
- the trailing curtain drive pin 310 rotates about the fixed pin 313.
- the connection pin 314 moves along the guide groove 350. In this way, the trailing curtain 226 moves up and down.
- the front curtain drive pin 320 includes a cam portion 321 and a pin portion 322 that are integrally formed.
- the pin portion 322 is rotatably connected to the front curtain 225 by a connection pin 324.
- the connection pin 324 moves along the guide groove 360. In this way, the front curtain 225 moves up and down.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams for explaining the outline of the operation of the normally open shutter 220.
- FIG. 6 is a view of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 as viewed from the optical axis L direction.
- FIG. 6A to FIG. 6H are arranged in chronological order.
- FIG. 6 shows an outline until the normally open shutter 220 forms the exposure time from the open state and returns to the open state again.
- FIG. 7 is a view of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 as seen from the direction perpendicular to the optical axis L.
- FIG. 6A the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is in an open state.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram when this state is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the optical axis L.
- FIG. The front curtain 225 is stored in a portion below the opening 228 in the normally open shutter 220, and the rear curtain 226 is stored in a portion above the opening 228 in the normally open shutter 220.
- the front curtain 225 starts moving toward the upper part of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220.
- FIG. 6C the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is completely shielded by the front curtain 225.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram when this state is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the optical axis L.
- FIG. 6D the front curtain 225 moves toward the lower part of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 to form the exposure time, and the rear curtain 226 follows the opening of the normally open shutter 220. It is moving towards the bottom of 228.
- FIG. 7C is a diagram when this state is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the optical axis L.
- FIG. 7D is a diagram of this state viewed from a direction perpendicular to the optical axis L.
- the front curtain 225 also moves toward the upper part of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 so as to follow the rear curtain 226 in order to open the normally open shutter 220.
- the rear curtain 226 continues to move toward the upper part of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220, but the front curtain 225 moves toward the lower part of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220.
- the front curtain 225 moves toward the lower part of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220.
- the engagement between the cam portion 321 of the front curtain drive pin 320 and the first cam 330 is released, and the second cam 340 enters between the cam portion 321 of the front curtain drive pin 320 and the first cam 330.
- the drive pin 320 starts to reverse. In this way, the normally open shutter 220 shifts from the vicinity of the center in the vertical direction of the opening 228 to the open state.
- the main body control unit 203 determines that the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is in a stage where the normally open shutter 220 shifts to the open state (the state of FIG. 6G). Before the image sensor 202 is fully opened, image signal acquisition from the image sensor 202 is started. Specifically, in the autofocus operation or the exposure control operation, when the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is opened to such an extent that these operations can be started, the image signal is captured from the image sensor 202. The autofocus operation and the exposure control operation are started.
- the digital single-lens camera 1 can perform a face recognition autofocus operation, a nine-point autofocus operation, and a one-point autofocus operation as the autofocus operation method.
- the stage at which the autofocus operation can be started before the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is fully opened may be different depending on the method of the autofocus operation.
- the face recognition autofocus operation when a human face is detected from the image signal obtained through the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 before reaching the fully open state, the face recognition autofocus operation is performed. You may make it start.
- the autofocus operation may be started when the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is opened for the range of the region R1 near the center in the vertical direction. Further, in the one-point autofocus operation, the autofocus operation may be started when the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is opened for the range of the region R4.
- the one-point autofocus operation detection region R2 has the smallest vertical range compared to other autofocus operation regions, so that the autofocus operation can be started earliest.
- the digital single-lens camera 1 includes the multi-photometry method, the center-weighted photometry method, and the spot photometry method as described above.
- the stage at which the photometry can be started before the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is fully opened may be varied depending on the photometry method.
- an exposure control operation may be started by reading an image signal from the image sensor 202.
- an image signal may be read from the image sensor 202 and the exposure control operation may be started.
- an exposure control operation may be started by reading an image signal from the image sensor 202 when the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is opened by a range of the center narrow region C3.
- the spot photometry detection area C3 has the smallest vertical range as compared to other photometry areas, so that the exposure control operation can be started earliest.
- the normally open shutter before reaching the fully open state The exposure control operation by the one-point autofocus operation or the spot photometry method can be started from the time when the 220 opening 228 includes the designated point.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing the operation of the normally open shutter 220.
- the position of the front curtain 225 is indicated by a solid line
- the position of the rear curtain 226 is indicated by a broken line.
- FIG. 8 shows whether the state of the image sensor 202 is being exposed or transferring an image signal.
- the front curtain 225 completely blocks the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220.
- the rear curtain 226 is stored above the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220.
- the front curtain 225 and the rear curtain 226 are magnetized and fixed by energizing a solenoid coil (not shown). This state is the state shown in FIGS. 6C and 7B.
- the image sensor 202 is transferring an image signal.
- the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is shielded by the rear curtain 226. This state is the state shown in FIGS. 6 (e) and 7 (d).
- the front curtain 225 also moves toward the upper part of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 without leaving an interval so as to follow the rear curtain 226.
- the transfer of the image signal from the image sensor 202 continues, but since the rear curtain 226 and the front curtain 225 are moving without leaving an interval, the subject light passes through the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220. There is no problem because no light enters.
- This state is the state shown in FIG.
- the rear curtain 226 continues to move toward the upper part of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220, but the front curtain 225 moves from the middle toward the lower part of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220. start. This is because the engagement between the cam portion 321 of the front curtain drive pin 320 and the first cam 330 is released, and the second cam 340 enters between the cam portion 321 of the front curtain drive pin 320 and the first cam 330. This is because the drive pin 320 starts to reverse. In this way, the normally open shutter 220 shifts from the vicinity of the center in the vertical direction of the opening 228 to the open state.
- the main body control unit 203 reads an image signal from the image sensor 202 and starts an autofocus operation and an exposure control operation.
- the opening 228 opens to the opening amount required in the currently set autofocus method and photometry method, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, a predetermined time T has elapsed from the start of the period P5.
- the predetermined time T may be set based on the currently set autofocus method and photometry method.
- the time until the opening portion 228 is opened, and the time required until the opening portion 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is opened may be secured to the minimum for the range of the region R4.
- the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is near the center.
- the time until the opening portion 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is opened by the range of the narrow region C3 at the center may be secured at a minimum.
- the longer time may be set.
- the normally open shutter 220 is kept open.
- the normally open shutter 220 is opened until the autofocus operation and the exposure control operation by the main body control unit 203 are completed in the period P6. Is maintained. This state is the state shown in FIG.
- the autofocus operation and the exposure control operation by the main body control unit 203 are started from the period P5.
- the operation time in the period P5 Therefore, the time required until the next shooting can be shortened.
- period P7 the front curtain 225 starts moving toward the upper part of the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220.
- This state is the state shown in FIG.
- the same operation as described above is repeated. Therefore, the description of the operation during continuous shooting is omitted.
- the main body control unit 203 starts capturing an image signal from the image sensor 202 before the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is fully opened.
- the main body control unit 203 operates the lens control unit 105 before the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is fully opened.
- the main body control unit 203 starts an exposure determination operation before the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is fully opened.
- the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is provided in the digital single-lens camera 1 or the main body 200 adopting the normally open shutter 220 (focal plane shutter) having the front curtain 225 and the rear curtain 226, the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is provided.
- the image signal capturing operation from the image sensor 202, the autofocus operation, and the exposure determination operation can be started without waiting until the shutter is fully opened. Therefore, each operation can be finished earlier than when each operation is started after the opening 228 of the normally open shutter 220 is fully opened. That is, during continuous shooting, shooting of the next frame can be started quickly, and the continuous shooting speed can be improved.
- Focusing methods that use contrast detection methods include a wobbling method that detects the in-focus position by moving the focus lens while vibrating it in the optical axis direction, and an in-focus position by moving the focus lens in the optical axis direction. Can be applied to a hill-climbing method or the like in which the focus lens is returned to the in-focus position after passing through the lens once.
- the normally open shutter 220 that shifts from the vicinity of the center in the vertical direction of the opening 228 to the open state when shifting to the open state after forming the exposure time has been described.
- the technical idea of this embodiment can also be applied to a normally open shutter or a normally closed shutter that shifts from the lower part of the opening to the open state.
- the start timing is changed according to the autofocus method and the exposure control method set by the user.
- a predetermined autofocus method or exposure control method may be forcibly set to improve the continuous shooting speed.
- the autofocus method is set to the one-point autofocus method that can complete the autofocus operation earliest
- the exposure control method is set to the spot metering method that can complete the exposure control earliest. Also good.
- the continuous shooting speed can be improved. Therefore, the present invention is useful when applied to a digital single-lens reflex camera, a digital single-lens camera using a focal plane shutter, and an imaging apparatus in which an optical system and a main body are integrated.
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明の実施の形態に係るデジタル一眼カメラについて、図面を用いて詳細に説明する。
図1は本実施形態のノーマリーオープンシャッターを用いたデジタル一眼カメラの構成図である。デジタル一眼カメラ1は、交換レンズ100と本体200から構成され、交換レンズ100は本体200における所定の位置に着脱することができる。
本体200は、通信部(2)201、撮像素子202、本体制御部203、ノーマリーオープンシャッター220、液晶モニター210を有する。本体200は、ユーザが撮影動作を指示するためのレリーズボタンや撮影動作によって得られた画像データを記憶する記憶部等も有するが、図1では省略している。
ノーマリーオープンシャッター220について、図4、図5を参照しながら説明する。
2-1.ノーマリーオープンシャッターの動作
図6、図7は、ノーマリーオープンシャッター220の動作の概要を説明する図である。図6は、ノーマリーオープンシャッター220の開口部228を光軸L方向から見た図である。図6(a)から図6(h)は、時系列順に並んでいる。図6は、ノーマリーオープンシャッター220が開放状態から露光時間を形成し、再度、開放状態に戻るまでの概要を示している。図7は、ノーマリーオープンシャッター220の開口部228を光軸Lに垂直な方向から見た図である。
本実施の形態では、本体制御部203は、ノーマリーオープンシャッター220が開放状態に移行していく段階(図6(g)の状態)で、すなわちノーマリーオープンシャッター220の開口部228が全開に至る前に、撮像素子202から画像信号の取り込みを開始する。具体的には、オートフォーカス動作または露出制御動作において、これらの動作を開始することが可能な程度に、ノーマリーオープンシャッター220の開口部228が開いたときに、撮像素子202から画像信号の取り込みを開始し、オートフォーカス動作及び露出制御動作を開始する。
以上説明したように、本実施形態のデジタル一眼カメラ1では、本体制御部203は、ノーマリーオープンシャッター220の開口部228が全開に至る前に撮像素子202から画像信号の取り込みを開始する。
本実施の形態では、露光時間を形成した後に、再度、開放状態に移行するに際して開口部228の上下方向中央付近から開放状態に移行するノーマリーオープンシャッター220について説明した。しかし、本実施形態の技術思想は、開口部の下部から開放状態に移行するノーマリーオープンシャッターやノーマリークローズシャッターにも適用することができる。
101 対物レンズ
102 ズームレンズ
103 絞りユニット
104 フォーカスレンズ
105 レンズ制御部
106 通信部(1)
200 本体
201 通信部(2)
202 撮像素子
203 本体制御部
210 液晶モニター
220 ノーマリーオープンシャッター
221 チャージモーター
222 駆動ギヤ
223 減速ギヤ
224 駆動部
225 先幕
226 後幕
227 パルスカウンター
228 開口部
300 レバー
301 第1アーム
302 第2アーム
303 押圧部
304 固定ピン
305 接続ピン
306 接続ピン
310 後幕駆動ピン
311 カム部
312 ピン部
313 固定ピン
314 接続ピン
320 先幕駆動ピン
321 カム部
322 ピン部
323 固定ピン
324 接続ピン
330 第1カム
331 固定ピン
340 第2カム
341 固定ピン
350 案内溝
360 案内溝
Claims (12)
- 被写体光を集光する光学系と、
前記被写体光に基づく画像信号を生成する撮像素子と、
前記光学系と前記撮像素子の間に配され先幕と後幕よりなるシャッター装置と、
前記先幕と後幕の位置を検出する位置検出手段と、
前記位置検出手段が検出した前記先幕と後幕の位置に基づいて前記シャッター装置の開口部が全開に至る前に前記撮像素子から画像信号の取り込みを開始させる制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする撮像装置。 - フォーカスレンズを含み被写体光を集光する光学系と、
前記被写体光に基づく画像信号を生成する撮像素子と、
前記光学系と前記撮像素子の間に配され先幕と後幕よりなるシャッター装置と、
前記先幕と後幕の位置を検出する位置検出手段と、
前記画像信号に基づいて前記フォーカスレンズを駆動する合焦手段と、
前記位置検出手段が検出した前記先幕と後幕の位置に基づいて前記シャッター装置の開口部が全開に至る前に前記合焦手段を動作させる制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする撮像装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記合焦手段による合焦のための動作が可能な状態まで前記シャッター装置の開口部が開いたときに、前記合焦手段を動作させる、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の撮像装置。 - 被写体光を集光する光学系と、
前記被写体光に基づく画像信号を生成する撮像素子と、
前記光学系と前記撮像素子の間に配され先幕と後幕よりなるシャッター装置と、
前記先幕と後幕の位置を検出する位置検出手段と、
前記画像信号に基づいて露出を決定する露出決定手段と、
前記位置検出手段が検出した前記先幕と後幕の位置に基づいて前記シャッター装置の開口部が全開に至る前に前記露出決定手段を動作させる制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする撮像装置。 - 前記制御手段は、前記露出決定手段による露出決定のための動作が可能な状態まで前記シャッター装置の開口部が開いたときに、前記露出決定手段を動作させる、
ことを特徴とする請求項4に記載の撮像装置。 - 前記シャッター装置は、ノーマリーオープン式のシャッターである、
ことを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の撮像装置。 - 被写体光を集光する光学系と、
前記被写体光に基づく画像信号を生成する撮像素子と、
前記光学系と前記撮像素子の間に配され先幕と後幕よりなるシャッター装置と、
前記先幕と後幕の位置を検出する位置検出手段と、
前記位置検出手段が検出した前記先幕と後幕の位置に基づいて前記シャッター装置の開口部が全開に至る前に前記撮像素子から画像信号の取り込みを開始させる制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするカメラ本体。 - 被写体光に基づく画像信号を生成する撮像素子と、
前記撮像素子に対向配置され先幕と後幕よりなるシャッター装置と、
前記先幕と後幕の位置を検出する位置検出手段と、
前記画像信号に基づいて合焦状態を検出する合焦検出手段と、
前記位置検出手段が検出した前記先幕と後幕の位置に基づいて前記シャッター装置の開口部が全開に至る前に前記合焦検出手段を動作させる制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするカメラ本体。 - 前記制御手段は、前記合焦検出手段による合焦状態の検出のための動作が可能な状態まで前記シャッター装置の開口部が開いたときに、前記合焦検出手段を動作させる、
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のカメラ本体。 - 被写体光に基づく画像信号を生成する撮像素子と、
前記撮像素子に対向配置され先幕と後幕よりなるシャッター装置と、
前記先幕と後幕の位置を検出する位置検出手段と、
前記画像信号に基づいて露出を決定する露出決定手段と、
前記位置検出手段が検出した前記先幕と後幕の位置に基づいて前記シャッター装置の開口部が全開に至る前に前記露出決定手段を動作させる制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするカメラ本体。 - 前記制御手段は、前記露出決定手段による露出決定のための動作が可能な状態まで前記シャッター装置の開口部が開いたときに、前記露出決定手段を動作させる、
ことを特徴とする請求項10に記載のカメラ本体。 - 前記シャッター装置は、ノーマリーオープン式のシャッターである、
ことを特徴とする請求項7から11のいずれか1項に記載のカメラ本体。
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US13/512,201 US8866959B2 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2010-11-22 | Imaging apparatus and camera body including a normally open type shutter having a full open state |
JP2011543102A JP5760188B2 (ja) | 2009-11-30 | 2010-11-22 | 撮像装置及びカメラ本体 |
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US20120274835A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
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