WO2011064853A1 - 内燃機関用ピストン及び内燃機関 - Google Patents
内燃機関用ピストン及び内燃機関 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011064853A1 WO2011064853A1 PCT/JP2009/069877 JP2009069877W WO2011064853A1 WO 2011064853 A1 WO2011064853 A1 WO 2011064853A1 JP 2009069877 W JP2009069877 W JP 2009069877W WO 2011064853 A1 WO2011064853 A1 WO 2011064853A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- outer peripheral
- top portion
- cooling channel
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
- F02F3/0023—Multi-part pistons the parts being bolted or screwed together
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0603—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston at least part of the interior volume or the wall of the combustion space being made of material different from the surrounding piston part, e.g. combustion space formed within a ceramic part fixed to a metal piston head
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
- F02F3/003—Multi-part pistons the parts being connected by casting, brazing, welding or clamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/16—Pistons having cooling means
- F02F3/20—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
- F02F3/22—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/26—Pistons having combustion chamber in piston head
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0448—Steel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine.
- a technique in which a cavity for burning fuel is provided at the top of a piston, and an annular passage through which lubricating oil flows is provided as a cooling channel around the cavity (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the upper and lower parts of the piston are manufactured separately, and then annular grooves are provided in each of the upper and lower parts so that an annular path is formed when the upper and lower parts are joined. .
- the combustion state can be stabilized by increasing the temperature of the cavity surface promptly after the engine is started. For this reason, it is conceivable to use a material having a relatively high heat insulating property around the cavity. However, when such a material is used, after the temperature of the piston becomes sufficiently high, the temperature does not decrease immediately even if the lubricating oil is supplied to the cooling channel, so that the piston may be overheated. Moreover, since the heat from the cavity is difficult to be transmitted to the lubricating oil, the cooling capacity may be insufficient. That is, it becomes difficult to adjust the temperature of the cavity. Further, the temperature of the lubricating oil can be raised by the heat from the cavity to reduce the friction loss, but if the heat from the cavity is difficult to be transmitted to the lubricating oil, the temperature rise of the lubricating oil becomes slow.
- JP 2007-270812 A JP 09-021319 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 07-077105 JP 2004-285944 A Japanese Patent No. 3290671
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique that achieves both an early temperature rise of a piston and suppression of overheating.
- the internal combustion engine piston employs the following means. That is, the piston for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention is A top formed with a cavity recessed from the upper surface of the piston toward the lower side of the piston; An outer peripheral portion that surrounds at least a piston outer peripheral side of the top portion and is joined to the top portion and has a ring groove for holding a piston ring on the outer periphery; A cooling channel including a gap between the top portion and the outer peripheral portion, formed on the piston outer peripheral side and the piston lower side from the cavity, and the piston outer peripheral side and the piston lower side communicating with each other; At least two communication holes that communicate between the cooling channel and the outside of the piston, and serve as an inlet or an outlet of the lubricating oil; It is characterized by providing.
- the upper surface of the piston is the surface facing the combustion chamber.
- the piston lower side is the crankshaft side.
- a cavity is formed with a part of the upper surface of the piston having a concave shape. In an internal combustion engine equipped with this piston, fuel is injected into the cavity. The cavity is formed only at the top.
- the outer peripheral part surrounds at least the piston outer peripheral side of the top part, it can be said that the piston outer peripheral side is also surrounded by the outer peripheral part rather than the cavity.
- a part of each of the outer peripheral portion and the top portion is in close contact with each other. Except for this joint surface, a gap is provided between the outer peripheral portion and the top portion. This gap becomes a cooling channel.
- the communication hole is an inlet or an outlet for the lubricating oil. The lubricating oil supplied to the cooling channel from one communication hole is discharged from the other communication hole after flowing through the cooling channel.
- the cooling channel is provided on the piston outer circumference side and piston lower side than the cavity.
- the bottom surface of the cooling channel provided on the lower side of the piston than the cavity may be a part of the top part or a part of the outer peripheral part.
- the cooling channel is formed so that a cavity may be enclosed, the heat which generate
- the cooling channel formed on the outer periphery of the piston from the cavity and the cooling channel formed on the lower side of the piston communicate with each other, the outer periphery of the piston lowers the piston or the lower piston of the piston Lubricating oil can move to the side. Thereby, the temperature of a cavity can be made uniform.
- the temperature of the top portion is likely to rise. Therefore, the temperature of the cavity can be increased at an early stage.
- the lubricating oil is circulated through the cooling channel, the lubricating oil circulates so as to wrap the cavity, so that the cavity can be cooled uniformly. Further, since the heat of the cavity is easily transmitted to the lubricating oil, the friction loss can be reduced by quickly increasing the temperature of the lubricating oil. Therefore, it is possible to achieve both an early temperature rise of the piston and suppression of overheating.
- the outer peripheral portion also surrounds the piston lower side than the top portion
- the cooling channel may be a gap between the top portion and the outer peripheral portion, and may be formed on the piston outer peripheral side and the piston lower side with respect to the top portion.
- the outer peripheral portion surrounds the piston outer peripheral side and the piston lower side at the top, it can be said that the outer peripheral portion surrounds the piston outer peripheral side and the piston lower side of the cavity.
- a gap is provided between the outer peripheral portion and the top portion except for the joint surface between the outer peripheral portion and the top portion, and this gap becomes a cooling channel.
- the top portion protrudes toward the cooling channel to reinforce the top portion, and the lubricating oil moves between the cooling channels formed on the piston outer peripheral side and the piston lower side than the cavity.
- the deformation or breakage of the top due to the force generated by the combustion of fuel can be suppressed by the reinforcing portion. Further, since the top portion can be thinned by reinforcing the top portion, the heat capacity of the top portion can be reduced. If it does so, the temperature of a cavity can be raised rapidly, if lubricating oil is not supplied to a cooling channel at the time of a cold start etc. or supply amount is reduced. Furthermore, if lubricating oil is supplied to the cooling channel, the temperature of the lubricating oil can be quickly raised, and friction loss can be reduced.
- each cooling channel is in communication.
- the direction through which lubricating oil flows can be adjusted by adjusting the shape of a reinforcement part.
- the lubricating oil can be intensively distributed to a portion where the temperature is likely to rise, or the lubricating oil can be distributed uniformly.
- the top portion is reinforced by the reinforcing portion, the volume of the cooling channel can be increased.
- a passage for the lubricating oil to move may be provided below the piston with respect to the reinforcing portion.
- the lubricating oil can move between the respective cooling channels through the lower side of the piston than the reinforcing portion. Further, when the internal combustion engine is stopped, the lubricating oil flows under the reinforcing portion, so that the lubricating oil can be quickly discharged from the cooling channel to the outside of the piston.
- the top portion may be made of a material having a small specific heat as compared with the outer peripheral portion.
- the top portion has a central reinforcing portion that protrudes from the outer surface of the cavity and extends to the bottom surface of the cooling channel on the piston center line, On the bottom surface of the cooling channel, the periphery of the central reinforcing portion may be recessed toward the lower side of the piston.
- the periphery of the central reinforcing portion is in a state of being recessed below the piston along the central reinforcing portion.
- the lubricating oil is stored in the recessed portion even after the supply of the lubricating oil is stopped and the lubricating oil is discharged from the through hole.
- the temperature of the cavity can be lowered through the central reinforcing portion.
- the bottom surface of the cooling channel is constituted by the outer peripheral portion, the alignment is facilitated by the recess when the outer peripheral portion and the top portion are joined.
- the top portion may include a skirt portion of a piston.
- the skirt is a part below the piston with respect to the ring groove for holding the piston ring.
- the top portion extends to the skirt portion.
- the internal combustion engine according to the present invention employs the following means. That is, the internal combustion engine according to the present invention is A piston for the internal combustion engine; A lubricating oil supply device for supplying lubricating oil to the cooling channel through the communication hole; An adjusting device for adjusting the amount of lubricating oil supplied from the lubricating oil supply device to the cooling channel; A control device that reduces the amount of lubricating oil supplied when the temperature of the internal combustion engine is low than when it is high; It is characterized by providing.
- the amount of heat supplied from the top and outer periphery can be reduced by relatively reducing the amount of lubricating oil supplied, so that the temperature of the top and outer periphery can be quickly increased. Can do. Further, when the temperature of the internal combustion engine is high, the amount of heat supplied from the top and the outer peripheral portion can be increased by relatively increasing the supply amount of the lubricating oil, so that the top portion and the outer peripheral portion can be prevented from overheating.
- the control device may selectively control one of supplying the lubricating oil or stopping the supply. Further, the supply amount of the lubricating oil may be changed stepwise or continuously according to the temperature. And the supply amount of lubricating oil can be increased, so that temperature is high.
- FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view when this piston is cut
- FIG. It is a cross-sectional view when a piston is cut along the cutting line Z shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a transverse sectional view when the piston is cut along a cutting line Z shown in FIG. 9. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view when this piston is cut
- FIG. It is a cross-sectional view when a piston is cut along the cutting line Z shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view when the piston 1 is cut in the longitudinal direction along the central axis of the piston 1.
- 2 is a cross-sectional view when the piston 1 is cut along the cutting line Z shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an engine 100 incorporating the piston 1 according to the present embodiment.
- some components are not shown.
- the engine 100 includes a cylinder block 2.
- the cylinder block 2 is formed with a cylinder 3 in which the piston 1 is accommodated.
- a cylinder head 4 is assembled to the upper part of the cylinder block 2.
- An intake port 5 that communicates with the cylinder 3 is formed in the cylinder head 4.
- An intake valve 6 is provided at the boundary between the intake port 5 and the cylinder 3.
- the cylinder head 4 is formed with an exhaust port 7 that communicates with the cylinder 3.
- An exhaust valve 8 is provided at the boundary between the exhaust port 7 and the cylinder 3.
- the cylinder head 4 is provided with a fuel injection valve 9 for injecting fuel.
- the fuel injection valve 9 is provided on the central axis A of the piston 1.
- a crankshaft 102 is connected to the piston 1 via a connecting rod 101.
- the cylinder head 4 side is an upward direction and the crankshaft 102 side is a downward direction.
- the piston 1 includes a top portion 11 and an outer peripheral portion 12.
- the top portion 11 is disposed on the cylinder head 4 side and the central axis A side.
- the outer peripheral part 12 is arrange
- the top part 11 and the outer peripheral part 12 are joined after being manufactured separately.
- An upper surface 13 of the piston 1 is formed by the upper surface of the top portion 11 and the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion 12.
- a cavity 14 is provided in the top 11.
- the cavity 14 is formed by denting the piston 1 downward from the upper surface 13 of the piston 1.
- the shape of the cavity 14 is defined by the cavity wall surface 15.
- An outer surface (surface on the outer peripheral portion 12 side) 16 of the top portion 11 is formed along the cavity wall surface 15.
- the thickness of the top 11 is made as small as possible within a range that can withstand the stress generated in the cavity 14 during operation of the engine 100, for example.
- the outer peripheral surface 17 which is a part of the outer surface 16 of the top portion 11 and is an outer peripheral surface is formed in a columnar shape with the central axis A of the piston 1 as the center.
- the outer surface 16 of the top 11 may be the outer surface of the cavity 14.
- the central axis A of the piston 1 and the central axis of the cavity 14 are the same, but the central axis of the cavity 14 may be deviated from the central axis A of the piston 1.
- the cavity 14 has a circular cross-sectional shape in the lateral direction, but may have another shape such as an ellipse.
- the outer peripheral portion 12 is formed with a concave portion 18 that is recessed downward from the upper surface 13 in order to fit the top portion 11.
- the recess 18 has a circular cross-sectional shape in the lateral direction.
- the diameter of the opening 19 of the recess 18 is slightly larger than the diameter of the outer peripheral surface 17 of the top 11, and the top 11 can be fitted into the recess 18.
- the inner peripheral surface 20 of the recess 18 has a larger diameter than the outer peripheral surface 17 of the top 11.
- the distance to the bottom surface 21 is longer than the distance to the outer surface 16 from an arbitrary position on the upper surface 13.
- the concave portion 18 of the outer peripheral portion 12 and the outer surface 16 of the top portion 11 are joined at the upper surface 13 of the piston 1 and its vicinity (may be an opening 19), and the piston central axis A and its vicinity.
- the location joined in the upper surface 13 and its vicinity is called the upper surface junction part 22, and the location joined in the central axis A and its vicinity is called the center junction part 23.
- FIG. 4A and 5 are views showing a longitudinal sectional view of the center joint portion 23.
- FIG. 4A and 5A show a state before joining
- FIGS. 4B and 5B show a state after joining.
- a columnar center reinforcing portion 24 extends from the top portion 11 on the center axis A of the piston 1 toward the bottom surface 21 of the outer peripheral portion 12.
- the central reinforcing portion 24 is formed in a tapered shape whose cross-sectional area decreases toward the tip.
- a through-hole 25 is formed in the outer peripheral portion 12 for the center reinforcing portion 24 to be fitted therein.
- the inner diameter of the through hole 25 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the central reinforcing portion 24, and the central reinforcing portion 24 can be fitted into the through hole 25.
- the through hole 25 and the central reinforcing portion 24 play a role of positioning when the top portion 11 is attached to the outer peripheral portion 12.
- the center reinforcing portion 24 is welded to the through hole 25 to reinforce the top portion 11.
- the central reinforcing portion 24 also plays a role of transferring heat of the top portion 11. That is, the cooling efficiency of the cavity wall surface 15 at the center portion, which is particularly high in temperature, is improved.
- the cross section of the upper edge 26 of the through hole 25 is enlarged toward the upper side. That is, in the outer peripheral part 12, the periphery of the center joint part 23 is recessed below the piston. 5 shows a case where the diameter of the recess of the edge 26 is larger in FIG. 5 than in FIG.
- the center reinforcing portion 24 is easily fitted into the through hole 25 due to the tip of the center reinforcing portion 24 being tapered and the upper edge 26 of the through hole 25 being recessed below the piston. be able to.
- the piston 1 configured as described above, there is a gap between the inner peripheral surface 20 and the bottom surface 21 of the concave portion 18 and the outer surface 16 of the top portion 11 except for the upper surface joint portion 22 and the center joint portion 23.
- the inner peripheral surface 20 and the bottom surface 21 of the recess 18 are also collectively referred to as an inner surface 27 of the outer peripheral portion 12.
- the gap between the inner surface 27 of the outer peripheral portion 12 and the outer surface 16 of the top portion 11 serves as a cooling channel 28. That is, the piston 1 according to the present embodiment is provided with the cooling channel 28 in the outer peripheral direction and the lower direction than the cavity 14.
- a through hole 29 is provided in the bottom surface 21 of the recess 18 so as to penetrate the lower side of the outer peripheral portion 12 in parallel with the central axis A of the piston 1.
- Two through-holes 29 are provided symmetrically with respect to the central axis A, one being an oil inlet and the other being an oil outlet.
- An annular groove 30 is formed on the bottom surface 21 of the recess 18 around the central axis A of the piston 1, and a through hole 29 is provided on the bottom surface of the annular groove 30.
- Three ring grooves 32 for holding the piston ring are formed on the outer peripheral surface 31 of the outer peripheral portion 12.
- a skirt portion 33 extending toward the crankshaft 102 is formed on the lower side.
- the connecting rod 101 is connected to the outer peripheral portion 12.
- a plurality of ribs 34 that are arranged radially about the central axis A of the piston 1 are formed on a portion of the outer surface 16 of the top portion 11 that faces the annular groove 30 formed on the bottom surface 21 of the recess 18. Yes.
- the rib 34 extends downward from the top 11 in a plate shape. Further, the rib 34 is configured not to contact the outer peripheral portion 12. That is, since the annular groove 30 is formed below the rib 34, an oil passage is provided below the rib 34. Further, since the ribs 34 are arranged radially, an oil passage is formed between the adjacent ribs 34. That is, the oil can be moved between the cooling channels 28 provided in the outer circumferential direction and the lower direction than the top portion 11.
- the top 11 is made of, for example, an iron or stainless steel material. That is, since a large stress is generated on the cavity wall surface 15 by the combustion of fuel, a material having a high Young's modulus or a material having a high fatigue limit is used for the top portion 11 where the cavity wall surface 15 is formed. By using such a material, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the top portion 11, and hence the mass of the top portion 11 can be reduced, so that the heat capacity of the top portion 11 can be reduced.
- the outer peripheral portion 12 for example, an aluminum-based material is used.
- an aluminum-based material is used for the outer peripheral portion 12.
- the abrasion by sliding with a cylinder wall surface can be suppressed.
- it can suppress that a piston ring adheres.
- the specific heat of the top part 11 becomes smaller than the specific heat of the outer peripheral part 12.
- the effect of the cooling channel 28 can be acquired.
- the upper surface joint portion 22 and the center joint portion 23 are joined by, for example, electron beam welding.
- the engine 100 is provided with an oil pump 103 for circulating oil inside the engine 100.
- An oil passage 104 is connected to the oil pump 103, and the oil passage 104 communicates with each sliding portion and the oil jet 106.
- the oil pump 103 pumps oil from the oil pan 105 and supplies the oil to the sliding portions and the oil jet 106.
- the oil jet 106 injects oil toward one of the through holes 29 leading to the cooling channel 28.
- a shutoff valve 107 that shuts off the oil passage 104 is provided in the middle of the oil passage 104.
- the shut-off valve 107 When the shut-off valve 107 is opened, oil is injected from the oil jet 106 and supplied to the cooling channel 28.
- the shut-off valve 107 When the shut-off valve 107 is closed, the injection of oil from the oil jet 106 is stopped to enter the cooling channel 28. Oil supply is stopped.
- the injection of oil from the oil jet 106 stops the oil flows out from the cooling channel 28 to the outside of the piston 1 through the two through holes 29.
- the gas existing below the piston 1 flows into the cooling channel 28. Therefore, when engine 100 is stopped, cooling channel 28 is filled with gas.
- shutoff valve 107 is controlled by the ECU 110.
- the ECU 110 also controls the fuel injection valve 9.
- the oil pump 103 corresponds to the lubricating oil supply device in the present invention.
- the shutoff valve 107 corresponds to the adjusting device in the present invention.
- the ECU 110 corresponds to the control device in the present invention.
- a part of the oil supplied into the cooling channel 28 flows along the annular groove 30.
- a part of the oil overflows from the annular groove 30.
- the oil overflowing from the annular groove 30 passes through the inner peripheral surface 20 side (the outer peripheral side of the top portion 11) of the concave portion 18 and the bottom surface 21 side (the top portion 11 of the top portion 11).
- the oil passes through the lower side.
- the oil overflowing from the annular groove 30 flows between the ribs 34.
- the oil spreads uniformly over the outer peripheral side and the lower side of the top part 11, the oil flows so as to wrap around the top part 11. Thereby, the whole top part 11 can be cooled rapidly.
- a material having a small specific heat is used for the top portion 11 and the top portion 11 is thinned so that the heat capacity of the top portion 11 is reduced. Therefore, when the temperature of the top portion 11 is low, such as when the engine 100 is cold started, the temperature of the top portion 11 quickly rises due to heat generated by combustion unless the shutoff valve 107 is fully closed and oil flows through the cooling channel 28. . If it does so, since a combustion state can be improved at an early stage, the discharge amount of HC and CO can be reduced.
- the top portion 11 is reinforced by the ribs 34, the volume of the cooling channel 28 can be expanded, so that the oil warm-up performance is improved and the temperature control of the top portion 11 is facilitated.
- FIG. 6 is a time chart showing the transition of the temperature of the cavity wall surface 15.
- the solid line indicates the case of the piston 1 according to the present embodiment, and the alternate long and short dash line indicates the case of a conventional aluminum alloy piston.
- the engine 100 is started at the time indicated by A.
- the shutoff valve 107 is closed and the supply of oil is stopped.
- the temperature of the cavity wall surface 15 gradually increases.
- the temperature increase rate at this time is higher in the piston 1 according to the present embodiment. That is, the temperature increase rate of the cavity wall surface 15 is increased by reducing the heat capacity of the top portion 11.
- the temperature indicated by C is reached at the time indicated by B.
- the temperature indicated by C is a temperature at which the increase in smoke or the decrease in filling efficiency exceeds the allowable range.
- the shutoff valve 107 is opened and oil is injected from the oil jet 106.
- the temperature rises to the temperature indicated by C at the time indicated by D. That is, the time taken for the temperature from the start of the engine 100 to the temperature indicated by C is faster in the piston 1 according to this embodiment than in the conventional piston.
- the piston 1 according to the present embodiment has higher warm-up performance.
- FIG. 7 shows a rib shape that facilitates the flow of oil to the outer peripheral side of the top 11.
- FIG. 7 is another cross-sectional view when the piston 1 according to the present embodiment is cut. Except for the shape of the rib 35, it is the same as the piston 1 shown in FIG. A plurality of ribs 34 shown in FIG. 2 are arranged radially about the central axis A of the piston 1, whereas the ribs 35 shown in FIG. 7 are arranged on the circumference of a circle centering on the central axis A of the piston 1. A plurality are arranged along.
- the rib 35 shown in FIG. 7 is also formed at a portion facing the annular groove 30. That is, since the annular groove 30 is formed below the rib 35, an oil passage is provided on the lower side of the rib 35. Further, a gap is provided between the ribs 35, and this gap becomes an oil passage. That is, the oil can be moved between the cooling channels 28 provided in the outer circumferential direction and the lower direction than the top portion 11.
- the shape of the rib may be set depending on the type of the engine 100 and the use conditions.
- the ribs 34 and 35 correspond to the reinforcing portion in the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a control flow of the shutoff valve 107 according to the present embodiment. This routine is repeatedly executed by the ECU 110 every predetermined time. Note that the shutoff valve 107 is closed when the engine 100 is started.
- step S101 it is determined whether or not the elapsed time from the start of the engine 100 is a predetermined time or more.
- This predetermined time is a value set to measure the timing for opening the shutoff valve 107.
- the predetermined time is set according to at least one of the HC discharge amount and the friction loss. For example, the time from when the engine 100 is started until the temperature of the cavity wall surface 15 rises and the HC emission amount falls within the allowable range can be set as a predetermined time. For the predetermined time, an optimum value is obtained by, for example, experiments.
- the timing of opening the shut-off valve 107 at the time of cold starting of the engine 100 is delayed, the temperature rise of the cavity wall surface 15 can be promoted, but the oil temperature in the cooling channel 28 until the shut-off valve 107 is opened. Cannot be raised.
- the timing of opening the shut-off valve 107 is advanced, the temperature of the cavity wall surface 15 becomes slow, although the temperature of the oil can be increased. That is, the timing for opening the shut-off valve 107 may be determined depending on whether priority is given to reducing the amount of HC discharged or reducing friction loss. Further, the predetermined time may be determined according to the performance required for engine 100.
- step 101 If an affirmative determination is made in step 101, the process proceeds to step S102, and if a negative determination is made, this routine is terminated while the shutoff valve 107 is closed.
- step S102 the shutoff valve 107 is opened.
- the oil is supplied into the cooling channel 28.
- the oil is supplied based on the elapsed time after the engine 100 is started.
- the oil may be supplied based on the temperature of the cooling water or the oil of the engine 1. good. That is, when the temperature of the cooling water or oil is about 25 ° C. to 40 ° C., for example, the temperature of the cavity wall surface 15 may be increased by stopping the supply of oil or reducing the supply amount. Further, the oil supply amount may be increased in accordance with the elapsed time from the start of engine 100 or the temperature of cooling water or the like.
- the heat capacity of the top portion 11 is small, the temperature of the cavity wall surface 15 can be raised early even during cold start. Thereby, discharge
- FIG. 9 and 10 show a direct injection type diesel engine piston 200 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view when the piston 1 is cut in the longitudinal direction along the central axis A of the piston 200.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view when the piston 200 is cut along the cutting line Z shown in FIG.
- the display of some components is omitted.
- the apparatus other than the piston 200 is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
- the piston 200 includes a central part 201 and an outer peripheral part 202.
- the central part 201 is disposed on the central axis A side.
- the outer peripheral portion 202 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the central portion 201 and in a range including the ring groove 32.
- the central part 201 and the outer peripheral part 202 are joined after being manufactured separately.
- the upper surface 13 of the piston 200 is formed by the upper surface of the center portion 201 and the upper surface of the outer peripheral portion 202.
- a cavity 14 is provided in the central part 201.
- the cavity 14 is formed by being recessed from the upper surface 13 of the piston 200 in the downward direction of the piston 200.
- the shape of the cavity 14 is defined by the cavity wall surface 15.
- a cooling channel 203 is formed below the cavity 14.
- the upper surface 204 of the cooling channel 203 is formed along the cavity wall surface 15.
- the thickness between the cavity wall surface 15 and the upper surface 204 of the cooling channel 203 is made as small as possible within a range that can withstand the stress generated in the cavity 14 during operation of the engine 100, for example.
- An outer peripheral surface 205 which is a surface on the outer peripheral side of the central portion 201 is formed in a columnar shape centering on the central axis A of the piston 200.
- the central axis A of the piston 200 and the central axis of the cavity 14 are the same, but the central axis of the cavity 14 may be shifted from the central axis A of the piston 200.
- the cavity 14 has a circular cross-sectional shape in the lateral direction, but may have another shape such as an ellipse.
- a through hole 29 penetrating below the central portion 201 in parallel with the central axis A of the piston 200.
- Two through-holes 29 are provided symmetrically with respect to the central axis A, one being an oil inlet and the other being an oil outlet.
- An annular groove 30 is formed on the bottom surface 206 of the cooling channel 203 around the central axis A of the piston 200, and a through hole 29 is provided on the bottom surface of the annular groove 30.
- a plurality of columns 207 having a rectangular cross section for connecting the upper surface 204 and the bottom surface 206 of the cooling channel 203 are provided on the outer peripheral side of the annular groove 30.
- the columns 207 are arranged radially about the central axis A of the piston 200.
- a central reinforcing portion 208 having a circular cross section for connecting the upper surface 204 and the bottom surface 206 of the cooling channel 203 is provided on the central axis A of the piston 200.
- the pillar 207 corresponds to the reinforcing portion in the present invention.
- the central portion 201 below the cooling channel 203 extends to the skirt portion 212.
- the skirt portion 212 is included in the center portion 201.
- the outer peripheral portion 202 is formed in a cylindrical shape centered on the central axis A, and the inner surface 213 has a slightly larger diameter than the outer peripheral surface 205 of the central portion 201, and the outer peripheral portion 202 is fitted to the central portion 201. Can be included. In addition, three ring grooves 32 for holding the piston ring are formed on the outer peripheral surface 31 of the outer peripheral portion 202.
- the connecting rod 101 is connected to the central portion 201.
- the outer peripheral portion 202 is provided on the outer peripheral side with respect to the cavity 14 and the cooling channel 203.
- the upper portion 209 and the lower portion 210 of the inner surface 213 of the outer peripheral portion 202 are joined to the central portion 201.
- a gap is provided between the outer peripheral portion 202 and the central portion 201 between the upper portion 209 and the lower portion 210 of the outer peripheral portion 202.
- This gap functions as a cooling channel 211. That is, the piston 200 according to the present embodiment is provided with cooling channels 203 and 211 in the outer peripheral direction and the lower direction than the cavity 14.
- the cooling channel 203 provided below the cavity 14 and the cooling channel 211 provided in the outer peripheral direction from the cavity 14 are communicated between the column 207 and the column 207.
- an iron-based or stainless steel-based material is used for the central part 201. That is, since a large stress is generated on the cavity wall surface 15 due to the combustion of fuel, a material having a high Young's modulus or a material having a high fatigue limit is used for the central portion 201 where the cavity wall surface 15 is formed. By using such a material, the thickness between the cavity wall surface 15 and the upper surface 204 of the cooling channel 203 can be reduced, so that the heat capacity around the cavity 14 can be reduced.
- the outer peripheral portion 202 for example, an aluminum-based material is used.
- the central portion 201 is manufactured in advance by casting, and the outer peripheral portion 202 is manufactured by casting.
- the upper part 209 and the lower part 210 of the outer peripheral part 202 are joined to the center part 201 by electron beam welding, for example.
- wear due to sliding with the wall surface of the cylinder 3 can be suppressed.
- it can suppress that a piston ring adheres.
- the specific heat of the center part 201 becomes smaller than the outer peripheral part 202.
- the material of the center part 201 and the outer peripheral part 202 is the same, the effect of the cooling channels 203 and 211 can be acquired.
- the heat of the cavity 14 can be quickly transmitted to the skirt portion 212, so that the viscosity of the oil can be quickly decreased.
- channel material whose heat conductivity is higher than iron is used for the ring groove 32 periphery, adhering of a piston ring can be suppressed.
- the temperature of the cavity wall surface 15 can be raised at an early stage even during cold start. Thereby, discharge
- FIG. 11 and 12 show a piston 300 for a direct injection diesel engine according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view when the piston 300 is cut in the longitudinal direction along the central axis A of the piston 300.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view when the piston 300 is cut along the cutting line Z shown in FIG.
- the display of some components is omitted.
- the devices other than the piston 300 are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
- the piston 300 will be described with respect to differences from the second embodiment.
- the piston 300 includes a central part 301 and an outer peripheral part 302.
- the central portion 301 is disposed on the central axis A side.
- the outer peripheral portion 302 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the central portion 301 and on the periphery of the ring groove 32 and on the skirt portion 303 below the ring groove 32.
- the central portion 301 and the outer peripheral portion 302 are joined after being manufactured separately.
- a rib 304 extending from the central portion 301 is provided on the central axis A side of the skirt portion 303.
- a plurality of ribs 304 are arranged radially about the central axis A.
- the skirt portion 303 and the rib 304 are joined by, for example, electron beam welding.
- the heat of the cavity 14 is quickly transmitted to the skirt portion 303 through the rib 304, so that the viscosity of the oil can be quickly decreased.
- the temperature becomes too high and boundary lubrication may occur and friction loss may increase.
- this can be suppressed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
ピストン上面からピストン下側に向かって凹んだキャビティが形成される頂部と、
前記頂部の少なくともピストン外周側を囲んで該頂部と接合され、外周にピストンリングを保持するためのリング溝を有する外周部と、
前記頂部と前記外周部との間の隙間を含み、前記キャビティよりもピストン外周側及びピストン下側に形成され、このピストン外周側とピストン下側とが連通されているクーリングチャンネルと、
前記クーリングチャンネルとピストン外部とを連通し、潤滑油の入口または出口となる少なくとも2つの連通孔と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
前記クーリングチャンネルは、前記頂部と前記外周部との間の隙間であって、前記頂部よりもピストン外周側及びピストン下側に形成されても良い。
前記クーリングチャンネルの底面では、前記中心補強部の周辺がピストン下側に向かって凹んでいても良い。
前記内燃機関用ピストンと、
前記連通孔を介して前記クーリングチャンネルに潤滑油を供給する潤滑油供給装置と、
前記潤滑油供給装置から前記クーリングチャンネルへ供給する潤滑油の量を調節する調節装置と、
内燃機関の温度が低いときには高いときよりも潤滑油の供給量を少なくする制御装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする。
2 シリンダブロック
3 シリンダ
4 シリンダヘッド
5 吸気ポート
6 吸気弁
7 排気ポート
8 排気弁
9 燃料噴射弁
11 頂部
12 外周部
13 上面
14 キャビティ
15 キャビティ壁面
16 外面
17 外周面
18 凹部
19 開口部
20 内周面
21 底面
22 上面接合部
23 中心接合部
24 中心補強部
25 貫通孔
26 縁
27 内面
28 クーリングチャンネル
29 貫通孔
30 環状溝
31 外周面
32 リング溝
33 スカート部
34 リブ
35 リブ
100 エンジン
101 コネクティングロッド
102 クランクシャフト
103 オイルポンプ
104 オイル通路
105 オイルパン
106 オイルジェット
107 遮断弁
110 ECU
Claims (8)
- ピストン上面からピストン下側に向かって凹んだキャビティが形成される頂部と、
前記頂部の少なくともピストン外周側を囲んで該頂部と接合され、外周にピストンリングを保持するためのリング溝を有する外周部と、
前記頂部と前記外周部との間の隙間を含み、前記キャビティよりもピストン外周側及びピストン下側に形成され、このピストン外周側とピストン下側とが連通されているクーリングチャンネルと、
前記クーリングチャンネルとピストン外部とを連通し、潤滑油の入口または出口となる少なくとも2つの連通孔と、
を備えることを特徴とする内燃機関用ピストン。 - 前記外周部は、前記頂部よりもピストン下側も囲み、
前記クーリングチャンネルは、前記頂部と前記外周部との間の隙間であって、前記頂部よりもピストン外周側及びピストン下側に形成されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内燃機関用ピストン。 - 前記頂部は、前記クーリングチャンネル側へ突出して該頂部を補強し、前記キャビティよりもピストン外周側とピストン下側とに形成される夫々のクーリングチャンネル間を潤滑油が移動するための通路を残して配置される補強部を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の内燃機関用ピストン。
- 前記潤滑油が移動するための通路を、前記補強部よりもピストン下側に設けることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の内燃機関用ピストン。
- 前記頂部は、前記外周部と比較して、比熱の小さな材料を用いることを特徴とする請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の内燃機関用ピストン。
- 前記頂部は、前記キャビティの外面から突出してピストン中心線上に前記クーリングチャンネルの底面まで延びる中心補強部を有し、
前記クーリングチャンネルの底面では、前記中心補強部の周辺がピストン下側に向かって凹んでいることを特徴とする請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載の内燃機関用ピストン。 - 前記頂部は、ピストンのスカート部を含んで構成されることを特徴とする請求項1,3,4,5,6の何れか1項に記載の内燃機関用ピストン。
- 請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載の内燃機関用ピストンと、
前記連通孔を介して前記クーリングチャンネルに潤滑油を供給する潤滑油供給装置と、
前記潤滑油供給装置から前記クーリングチャンネルへ供給する潤滑油の量を調節する調節装置と、
内燃機関の温度が低いときには高いときよりも潤滑油の供給量を少なくする制御装置と、
を備えることを特徴とする内燃機関。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2009/069877 WO2011064853A1 (ja) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | 内燃機関用ピストン及び内燃機関 |
JP2011543034A JP5365700B2 (ja) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | 内燃機関用ピストン及び内燃機関 |
EP09851645.3A EP2505816B1 (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | Piston for internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine |
CN200980162614.7A CN102667127B (zh) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | 内燃机用活塞以及内燃机 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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PCT/JP2009/069877 WO2011064853A1 (ja) | 2009-11-25 | 2009-11-25 | 内燃機関用ピストン及び内燃機関 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2011064853A1 true WO2011064853A1 (ja) | 2011-06-03 |
Family
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2505816B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5365700B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102667127B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011064853A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
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JP2014185522A (ja) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-10-02 | Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd | 内燃機関のピストン |
WO2018093279A1 (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-24 | Majewski Jacek | The piston of the ecological clean, two-stroke internal combustion engine |
Families Citing this family (7)
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EP2904248A1 (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2015-08-12 | Componenta Finland Oy | A piston for an internal combustion engine |
CN105143653B (zh) * | 2013-03-21 | 2017-11-03 | 日野自动车株式会社 | 内燃机的活塞 |
CN105986923B (zh) * | 2015-02-09 | 2019-02-19 | 强哲菲 | 一种双油腔钢活塞及其加工方法 |
DE102016201621A1 (de) * | 2016-02-03 | 2017-08-03 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kolben einer Brennkraftmaschine |
US10662892B2 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2020-05-26 | Caterpillar Inc. | Piston for internal combustion engine having high temperature-capable crown piece |
CN107387253A (zh) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-11-24 | 湖南江滨机器(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种活塞及其制造方法 |
CN108999717A (zh) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-14 | 全椒县全动机械有限公司 | 一种柴油机活塞结构 |
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WO2018093279A1 (en) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-24 | Majewski Jacek | The piston of the ecological clean, two-stroke internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP5365700B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 |
CN102667127A (zh) | 2012-09-12 |
EP2505816A1 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
JPWO2011064853A1 (ja) | 2013-04-11 |
CN102667127B (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
EP2505816B1 (en) | 2016-09-28 |
EP2505816A4 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
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