WO2011057577A1 - 割草机 - Google Patents
割草机 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011057577A1 WO2011057577A1 PCT/CN2010/078679 CN2010078679W WO2011057577A1 WO 2011057577 A1 WO2011057577 A1 WO 2011057577A1 CN 2010078679 W CN2010078679 W CN 2010078679W WO 2011057577 A1 WO2011057577 A1 WO 2011057577A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- speed
- motor
- lawn mower
- cutting
- blade
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
- A01D34/01—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus
- A01D34/412—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters
- A01D34/63—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters characterised by features relating to the type of cutting apparatus having rotating cutters having cutters rotating about a vertical axis
- A01D34/76—Driving mechanisms for the cutters
- A01D34/78—Driving mechanisms for the cutters electric
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
- H02P7/06—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current
- H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
- H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
- H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
- H02P7/29—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual dc dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric lawn mower, and more particularly to an electric lawn mower having a constant cutting speed.
- the noise of the mower is mainly caused by the high-speed rotation of the motor and the blade, which can usually reach more than 90 decibels, and people will feel obvious discomfort in the noise environment of 50 decibels or more, so the mower will seriously affect the work.
- the normal life of the surrounding residents The normal life of the surrounding residents.
- the cutting speed of the mower's cutting blade is usually between 3000 and 4000 rpm, which has a very good cutting effect.
- the cutting blade speed is reduced to less than 3000 rpm, the lower grass can still be cut well.
- reducing the operating speed of the mower can effectively reduce the noise generated by the mower, but it also brings about a drop in efficiency when cutting tall grass. Therefore, it is difficult to strike a proper balance between mowing efficiency and noise, and this will allow the mower to cut only shallower grass, thus limiting the range of use of the mower.
- a lawn mower comprising: a housing; a motor coupled to the housing, the motor having a motor shaft; a blade for mowing, the blade and the The motor shaft is coupled and has at least one cutting edge; a power supply device that supplies energy to the motor when the mower is in operation, thereby driving the blade to rotate at a cutting speed; the lawn mower further includes speed control The speed control device has a constant speed control state, and in the constant speed control state, the speed control device maintains the cutting speed at one of at least one preset constant rotation speed
- the speed control device has a full speed control state, and the speed is in a full speed control state.
- the control device does not limit the cutting speed.
- the lawn mower further includes a speed selection mechanism, and the speed selection mechanism is connected to the speed control device and sets the speed control device to be in a constant speed control state or a full speed control state.
- the speed selection mechanism fixes the cutting speed to a first preset constant rotation speed, or a second preset different from the first preset constant rotation speed. Constant speed.
- the first preset constant speed is 2500 rpm
- the second preset constant speed is 3000 rpm.
- the lawn mower further includes a speed selection mechanism, and the speed selection mechanism is connected to the speed control device for setting the speed control device, so that the speed control device can select to fix the cutting speed of the blade at a plurality.
- the speed control device can select to fix the cutting speed of the blade at a plurality.
- the speed selecting mechanism selectively fixes the cutting speed of the blade to one of a preset constant rotational speed of 2,500 rpm and a preset constant rotational speed of 3000 rpm.
- said at least one predetermined constant rotational speed is between 2000 rpm and 3800 rpm.
- the at least one preset constant rotational speed is between 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm.
- the preset constant rotational speed is 2500 rpm or 3000 rpm.
- the blade has a length of 460 mm.
- the speed control device comprises a speed sensor for detecting a current cutting speed of the blade; a comparison component for determining a deviation of the current cutting speed from the preset constant rotation speed; and an energy control element for adjusting the self-battery
- the energy supplied to the DC motor is such that the deviation approaches zero and the cutting speed remains equal to the predetermined constant speed.
- the speed control device comprises a speed sensor for detecting a current cutting speed of the blade; a comparison component for determining a deviation of the current cutting speed from the preset constant rotation speed; and an energy control element for adjusting the automatic force A voltage is provided to the motor by the device such that the deviation approaches zero and the cutting speed remains equal to the predetermined constant speed.
- the speed sensor is a Hall sensor or a photoelectric sensor.
- the energy control element is a MOS field effect transistor.
- the comparison component is a microprocessor.
- the microprocessor receives a speed signal of the speed sensor for proportional integration
- the differential algorithm calculates the pulse width bandwidth ratio signal and outputs it to the MOS FET to control the turn-on and turn-off time of the MOS FET.
- the comparing component is further configured to compare the cutting speed with a preset stalling speed, and if the cutting speed is less than the preset stalling speed for a predetermined time, the energy control component stops the battery from being supplied to the DC motor. energy.
- the power supply device is a battery installed in a housing, and the motor is a direct current motor.
- the power supply device is an AC power access mechanism
- the motor is an AC motor.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of the lawn mower of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a structural block diagram of a speed control device of the lawn mower of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a circuit block diagram of a speed control device of the lawn mower of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a flow chart of constant speed control of the lawn mower of the present invention.
- the lawn mower of the present invention may be of any type.
- the lawn mower may be an AC mower or a DC mower, and may be a rotary mower, an air float and a tubular mower. It can be a push-type lawn mower, a self-propelled lawn mower or a fully automatic intelligent lawn mower.
- the specific type of lawn mower does not affect the implementation of the present invention.
- the lawn mower has a power supply device. If it is specifically a lawn mower with an AC motor, the power supply device is correspondingly an AC power access device. If the mower is specifically a DC motor, the power supply device is correspondingly installed.
- Fig. 1 shows a lawn mower 1 having a DC motor having a speed control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the lawn mower 1 includes a housing 3 on which is disposed a recess 22 for receiving a battery 12 that provides energy for various functions of the lawn mower 1.
- a rechargeable battery having a rated voltage of 36 volts and a rated current of 12 amps is used.
- other types of batteries are also available, for example, a rechargeable battery having a rated voltage of 24 volts and a rated current of 17 amps.
- the casing 3 of the lawn mower 1 is connected and extended to a handle for the operator to hold and push the lawn mower 1 to walk, and the handle is provided with a function control component of the lawn mower, such as a self-drive speed of the switch and the lawn mower Adjustment element.
- the lawn mower 1 further includes a motor 4 for providing a rotary output for driving the blade 8 to mowing.
- the motor 4 has a motor shaft for outputting rotational motion. 6.
- the motor 4 is a DC motor, specifically a DC permanent magnet motor or a DC brushless motor; the housing 3 of the lawn mower 1 is recessed in the downward direction of the lawn mower 1 to form a blade cavity 26, The blade cavity 26 houses a blade 8 for cutting the trimmed turf, and the blade 8 is directly connected to the motor shaft 6 of the mowing motor 4 without any reduction gear system in between.
- the cutting edge 10 has an arcuate convex shape
- the blade 8 has an inner recessed area 24 for raising the cut grass.
- the blade structure is not limited to the above, for example, the blade may be integrally formed in an S shape, or may be substantially straight, and the specific form of the blade does not affect the implementation of the present invention.
- This embodiment also includes an electric drive motor (not shown) for driving the lawn mower 1 along the lawn that needs to be trimmed, the drive motor being operatively coupled to the battery 12.
- the speed control device 14 includes a speed sensor 16 disposed adjacent to the motor 4, the speed sensor 16 is used to monitor the current speed n of the motor 4, and the current speed monitored n is sent to the comparison element 18.
- the comparison element 18 is selectable with or without a preset constant rotational speed n*. When the comparison element 18 has a preset constant rotational speed n*, the speed control device 14 is in a constant speed control state.
- the comparing element 18 compares the current rotational speed n of the motor 4 transmitted by the speed sensor 16 with a preset constant rotational speed n*, and subtracts the preset constant rotational speed n* from the current rotational speed n, and obtains the rotational speed deviation ⁇ , and
- the ⁇ related signal output is passed to the energy control element 20.
- the energy control element 20 adjusts the energy supplied from the battery 12 to the motor 4 based on the signal output by the comparison element 18.
- the energy control element 20 when the current rotational speed ⁇ is greater than the preset constant rotational speed ⁇ *, and the rotational speed deviation ⁇ is greater than 0, the energy control element 20 reduces the energy supplied by the battery 12 to the motor 4, causing the current rotational speed ⁇ to decrease, and the deviation ⁇ to decrease to approach When the current rotational speed ⁇ is less than the preset constant rotational speed ⁇ *, and the rotational speed deviation ⁇ ⁇ is less than 0, the energy control element 20 increases the energy supplied by the battery 12 to the motor 4 to make the current rotational speed.
- the speed control device 14 constantly adjusts the energy supplied from the battery 12 to the motor 4 according to the rotational speed deviation ⁇ to ensure that the rotational speed of the motor 4 is maintained at the preset constant rotational speed ⁇ *.
- the speed control device 14 does not limit the rotational speed of the motor, and the speed control device 14 is in the full speed control state. It should be noted that since the motor shaft 6 of the motor 4 and the blade 8 are directly connected, the cutting speed of the blade is equal to the current rotational speed ⁇ of the motor.
- the preset constant speed ⁇ * of the comparison element 18 is selectable and can be selected by the operator according to the work requirements.
- the preset constant speed ⁇ * can be set by stepless speed regulation or gear adjustment.
- the speed control device 14 in this embodiment has two preset adjustable constant speed values ⁇ * of 2,500 rpm and 3000 rpm, respectively.
- the comparison component 18 is specifically a microcontroller (MCU).
- the speed sensor 16 is specifically a Hall sensor or a photoelectric sensor, and the energy control element 20 is specifically a MOS field effect transistor (MOSfet).
- MOSfet MOS field effect transistor
- the specific form of these components is varied and is not limited to the specific form of the circuit block diagram.
- the comparison component 18 can also be an analog comparison circuit, and the speed sensor 16 can be any type of rotational speed. sensor.
- the microcontroller is the main control chip of the lawn mower 1 of the embodiment, and is used for monitoring the signal of the specific working parameters of the lawn mower 1, and issuing corresponding work instructions according to the signal calculation.
- the main control chip issues a stop command when the mower 1 is stalled; when the operator sets the blade speed to 2500 rpm, the control motor drives the blade to rotate at a constant speed of 2500 rpm.
- the rotational speed of the blade allows an upper and lower 5% error, i.e., substantially 2500 rpm means that the blade speed fluctuates at 2,500 rpm, but is between 2,375 and 2,625 rpm.
- the circuit also includes a power supply, a rechargeable battery 12 .
- the battery 12 is connected to the microcontroller through the main switch 30 and the first transformer circuit 32, and the second transformer circuit 34 is connected to the microcontroller to provide a regulated 5 volt power supply to the microcontroller.
- the circuit also includes a motor 4 specifically for a DC permanent magnet motor.
- the motor 4 is connected in series with the battery 12 and the main switch 30, together with the energy control element 20, which is specifically a MOS tube.
- the circuit includes a motor speed monitoring portion.
- various tachometer sensors can be used to directly monitor the rotational speed of the motor 4, and the rotational speed of the motor 4 can be indirectly calculated by monitoring the voltage or current of the motor 4, and the specific form thereof will not be described herein.
- a Hall sensor is used. Detecting the current speed n of the motor, the implementation manner is as follows: 4 pairs of pole magnetic rings are set on the motor shaft 6, and a Hall sensing component is disposed at a position close to the pole magnetic ring, so that the rotor shaft is rotated every one time, the Hall sensing component Four voltage square wave signals are output and output to the speed signal input of the microcontroller.
- the microcontroller can convert the current speed n of the motor by the number of voltage square wave signals collected per unit time. As mentioned before, there is no deceleration mechanism between the motor 4 and the blade 8, that is, the current rotational speed n of the motor 4 is equal to the cutting speed of the blade 8 of the lawn mower 1, however, between the motor 4 and the blade 8, Set the speed reduction mechanism.
- the circuit also includes an energy control element 20, specifically a MOS FET.
- the MOS FET has a fast turn-on and turn-off according to the received pulse width bandwidth ratio.
- the pulse width bandwidth ratio signal is amplified by the MOS FET drive circuit from 5 volts to 12 volts to drive the MOS FET on and off. In the period ⁇ , the pulse signal has a high level and a low level, and the ratio of the duration of the high level and the low level in the period ⁇ is the variable pulse width bandwidth ratio.
- the MOS FET when the pulse signal is at a high level, the MOS FET is in an on state, and the voltage of the battery 12 can be applied to the motor 4 through the MOS FET; when the pulse signal is at a low level, the MOS FET In the off state, the voltage of the battery 12 cannot be applied to the motor 4 through the MOS FET (but can be freewheeled through the diode).
- the pulse width ratio of the MOS FET it is possible to adjust the time during which the voltage in the period ⁇ is effectively applied to the motor 4, that is, the energy transmitted from the battery 12 to the motor 4 in the period ⁇ can be adjusted, and in the macro The voltage across the battery 12 for a certain period of time. Since the period ⁇ duration is short, the motor 4 is always driven at a time that the operator can perceive.
- the circuit further includes a speed selection mechanism 28 that is coupled to the terminals of the microcontroller to set the state of the comparison element 18 (i.e., the microprocessor) and the speed control device 4 of the lawn mower 1 by changes in level.
- the operator controls the selection of the control mode of the motor 4 and the rotational speed of the blade 8.
- the speed selecting mechanism 28 can select three speed modes, which are a constant speed of 2,500 rpm, a constant speed of 3,000 rpm, and a full speed.
- the speed selection mechanism 28 may specifically be a knob type speed switching button, or a push type speed switching button (which may have multiple buttons corresponding to different speeds), or a sliding type speed switching button, or a rod type speed switching lever. , no longer list them one by one.
- Figure 4 is a flow chart of constant speed adjustment of the present invention.
- the microcontroller when the main switch 30 is turned on, the control circuit is energized, the microcontroller is preset, the preset includes register initialization in the microcontroller, and the timer reset adjustment. At this stage, the microcontroller will Read the signal input from the speed setting section and set the preset constant speed n*.
- the microcontroller After the microcontroller is preset, it enters the stall judgment phase.
- the blade 8 of the mower 1 will decelerate sharply, and the current from the motor 4 will suddenly increase to a very high The high value, in order to protect the motor 4 and the drive circuit, the mower 1 should be turned off.
- the microcontroller receives the voltage square wave signal sent by the Hall sensor, and converts the current speed n of the motor 4 and the blade 8 recognizable by the microcontroller by the number of square wave signals per unit time. Then, comparing the current rotation speed n of the motor 4 with the preset stall rotation speed n d , if the current rotation speed n of the motor 4 is higher than the preset stall rotation speed n d , it is determined that the lawn mower 1 is not blocked. The program enters the next stage; if the current speed n of the motor 4 is lower than the preset stall speed n d , the timing starts.
- the routine proceeds to the next stage; 4 if the motor current at a preset speed n stall time t d is always lower than the preset speed n d stall, it is determined that the mower 1 In the locked state, the microcontroller turns off the motor 4 and the mower 1 stops.
- it is suitable to set the preset blocking rotation speed between 100 and 400 rotations, and it is suitable to set the preset blocking rotation time between 2 and 5 seconds.
- the preset blocking is suitable.
- the rotation speed n d is set to 200 rpm, and the preset stall time t d is set to 3 seconds.
- the program enters the speed adjustment phase.
- the principle of the speed regulation is that, in the state of constant speed control, the preset constant speed n* is preset in the microcontroller, and the bandwidth ratio of the pulse width bandwidth ratio signal of the output of the microcontroller is adjusted. Therefore, the on-time of the MOS FET is changed.
- the MOS FET When the MOS FET is turned on, the two ends of the motor 4 are subjected to the voltage of the DC battery 12.
- the MOSFET is not turned on, the two ends of the motor 4 are not subjected to voltage.
- the bandwidth ratio of the pulse width bandwidth ratio signal By adjusting the bandwidth ratio of the pulse width bandwidth ratio signal, the proportion of time applied to the effective voltage of the motor 4 in a certain period of time can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the voltage applied to both ends of the motor 4 in a macroscopic time, and the battery 12 The energy output, which in turn adjusts the current speed n.
- the microcontroller adjusts the bandwidth ratio of the reduced pulse width bandwidth ratio signal, the voltage across the motor 4 and the received energy increase, and the current rotational speed of the motor 4 It is improved to be close to the preset constant speed n* ; when the current speed n of the motor 4 is higher than the preset constant speed n*, the microcontroller adjusts the bandwidth ratio of the pulse width ratio signal, the motor 4 The voltage at the terminal and the received energy are reduced, and the current speed n of the motor 4 is lowered to be close to the preset constant speed n*.
- the microcontroller compares the current speed n of the motor 1 with a preset constant speed n*, The deviation of the rotational speed ⁇ ⁇ , the microcontroller calculates according to the deviation ⁇ ⁇ that the current pulse width ratio signal should be output to reach the preset constant speed ⁇ *, and the pulse width bandwidth ratio signal is amplified and transmitted by the MOS field effect transistor drive circuit.
- the MOS FET is controlled to control the energy delivered to the motor 4 by the battery 12 for a predetermined time to reach a preset constant rotational speed ⁇ *.
- the microcontroller uses a proportional integral derivative (PID) algorithm to calculate the pulse signal bandwidth ratio of its output.
- PID proportional integral derivative
- the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm is an industry-wide control algorithm. In PID control, this algorithm calculates the ratio, the integral, the differential response, and the sum of the three to calculate the true output.
- this embodiment adopts an incremental PID algorithm.
- the microprocessor samples and calculates the motor speed every 50 milliseconds, and stores it.
- the microprocessor performs proportional integral differential calculation based on the current speed, the previous speed, and the previous speed, and obtains the output pulse width frequency. Wide ratio signal.
- the bandwidth ratio of the pulse width modulation signal can be obtained according to the following method: First, the Hall sensor measures the current rotation speed ⁇ of the motor 4, and outputs the voltage square wave signal to the micro controller.
- the microcontroller records the current motor 4 current speed ⁇ , the previous motor speed nl, and the previous motor speed ⁇ 2, and calculates their deviation.
- the MOS FET adjusts the voltage across the motor 4 according to the received signal, and adjusts the speed to approach a preset constant speed.
- the program returns to the stage of calculating the current rotational speed ⁇ of the motor 4, and the above-mentioned judgment is blocked, the pulse width ratio is calculated, and the motor 4 speed is adjusted, so that the cycle continues until the mower 1 is stopped.
- the speed rises and falls corresponding to the noise the speed increases, the noise increases; the speed decreases, and the noise decreases.
- the rotational speed and the cutting efficiency also correspond to the increase and decrease.
- the cutting efficiency increases; when the speed decreases, the cutting efficiency also decreases. Therefore, in the pursuit of low noise, it is necessary to take into account the cutting efficiency, find an appropriate speed, and achieve a balance point between noise and cutting efficiency.
- the standard grass height is 90mm
- the mower 1 has a cut Cutting depth adjustment mechanism to selectively cut grass to different heights. The operator does not always cut at the deepest depth of cut.
- the lawn mower 1 of the present embodiment has an adjustable cutting height of 1 -6 gears, the shallowest cutting of the 1st gear, and the minimum cutting speed required, and then the cutting depth is sequentially increased, and the cutting to the 6th gear is the deepest, requiring The cutting speed is the highest.
- the cutting machine can still have good cutting efficiency when the cutting machine 1 is in the 1st and 2nd gears.
- the cutting speed is 2500 rpm
- the mower 1 is at 1 2, 3, 4 files can still have good cutting efficiency.
- the cutting efficiency is 3000 rpm, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 can all have good cutting efficiency.
- the noise is very low at 2000 rpm, but the scope of application is also small, and only a very shallow depth can be cut.
- the speed rises to 2500 rpm the noise increases, but it is still in an acceptable range, and the cutting depth of 1, 2, 3, and 4 steps can be cut.
- the lawn mower 1 can further have a preset constant rotational speed of 3800 rpm.
- the preset constant rotation speed can be appropriately selected between 2000 rpm and 3800 rpm, in order to be as The control noise, preset constant speed should be as appropriate as possible between 2000 rpm and 3000 rpm, such as 2100 rpm, 2400 rpm, 2700 rpm, etc.
- the mower of this embodiment has a cutting noise of about 73 decibels at a constant speed of 2,500 rpm; at a constant speed of 3,000 rpm, the cutting noise is about 76 decibels, far. It is about 95 decibels lower than the ordinary lawn mower. Therefore, the lawn mower of the present embodiment is provided with two preset constant rotational speeds of 2,500 rpm and 3000 rpm. However, the noise between 2000 and 3000 rpm is still acceptable, and can be applied to the actual mowing scenario either wide or narrow.
- the lawn mower 1 of the embodiment further has a full speed gear, in this gear position, the microcontroller It is only judged whether the mower 1 is blocked or not, and does not limit the cutting speed of the mower 1 to be suitable for working in some particularly dense grassland. At this time, the noise control is relatively in a secondary position, and the cutting efficiency is emphasized. .
- the full speed gear is mainly used as an emergency standby gear. It is rarely used in actual use. Even if it is canceled, it is ok to set only the two preset constant speed gears. According to actual statistics, household mower users usually cut the lawn every two weeks during the season when the lawn grows rapidly, and usually cut grass every three weeks during the slow season of lawn growth.
- the preset constant speed is used, and the stepless speed regulation is not used, because the preset constant speed has a distinct advantage.
- the preset constant speed saves the user's debugging time.
- the user When using a constant-speed adjustable mower, the user must find a balanced cutting speed that achieves noise and efficiency. If the stepless speed regulation method is adopted, then each end user needs to undergo repeated trial and error to find a suitable constant speed value. This trial and error process may take a long time and the experience is bad.
- the preset constant speed eliminates this commissioning time. The end user only needs to select a preset gear to find the right cutting speed with balanced noise and efficiency.
- a preset constant speed can achieve the best cutting speed.
- the cutting speed value that the user finds is probably not the true best cutting speed. Because the judgment made by the user based on his own experience may be biased; more importantly, the user lacks a precision instrument that judges the actual size of the noise and the attenuation of the noise within a certain distance, and the evaluation of the noise is usually felt when the lawn mower is operated at a close distance. When it comes to noise, it is difficult to judge the degree of noise outside a certain distance, that is, it is difficult for the operator to evaluate the noise pollution of the lawn mower to the surrounding environment and neighbors.
- the noise pollution of the lawn mower to the surrounding environment is an extremely important consideration in setting the speed, because the noise at the center of the lawn mower can not be reduced to any extent without affecting the operator, but beyond a certain distance. Noise pollution can be significantly improved after speed control. Also according to the end user test, the user is individually based on the mower center position When the noise is used to determine the speed at which the speed is used, about 60% of the users actually choose the excessive speed, but do not achieve the effect of reducing the environmental noise, and about 20% of the users will choose the low speed, which is extended. At the time of mowing, only 20% of users can choose the true best speed. By adopting the preset constant rotation speed, the manufacturer can accurately judge the noise data of each distance section and the mowing efficiency through the noise test instrument through the precision experiment, and then set the optimal preset constant rotation speed.
- the preset constant speed can provide a customized optimum speed for specific conditions such as different regions and different grass conditions.
- the optimum cutting speed required by the user to achieve a balance of noise and cutting efficiency may be different in different regions, different grass conditions or some other specific circumstances.
- manufacturers can test and set different preset cutting speeds for different situations to provide targeted noise solutions.
- the motor 4 is an AC motor.
- the mower 1 will be directly connected to the mains without setting a rechargeable battery.
- the lawn mower 1 is provided with a speed control device 14 comprising a speed sensor 16 disposed adjacent to the motor 4, the speed sensor 16 for monitoring the current speed n of the motor 4, and The monitored current speed n is sent to the comparison element 18.
- the comparison element 18 is selectable with or without a preset constant rotational speed n*. When the comparison element 18 has a preset constant rotational speed n*, the speed control device 14 is in a constant speed control state.
- the comparison component 18 compares the current rotational speed n of the motor 4 transmitted by the speed sensor 16 with a preset constant rotational speed n*, and subtracts the preset constant rotational speed n* from the current rotational speed n to obtain a rotational speed deviation ⁇ , and will be compared with ⁇
- the associated signal output is passed to the energy control element 20.
- the energy control element 20 adjusts the energy supplied from the automatic force providing means to the motor 4 based on the signal output from the comparison element 18.
- the energy control element 20 reduces the energy supplied by the power supply to the motor 4, causing the current rotational speed ⁇ to decrease, and the deviation ⁇ to decrease to approach
- the energy control element 20 increases the energy supplied by the power supply to the motor 4, so that the current rotational speed ⁇ increases, and the rotational speed deviation ⁇ increases to approach 0
- the speed control device 14 constantly adjusts the energy supplied from the battery 12 to the motor 4 according to the rotational speed deviation ⁇ to ensure that the rotational speed of the motor 4 is maintained at a preset constant rotational speed ⁇ *.
- the speed control device 14 When the comparison element 18 does not have the preset constant rotational speed ⁇ *, the speed control device 14 does not limit the rotational speed of the motor, and the speed control device 14 is in the full speed control state. It should be noted that since the motor shaft 6 of the motor 4 and the blade 8 are directly connected, the cutting speed of the blade is equal to the current rotational speed ⁇ of the motor.
- the lawn mower also includes a speed selection mechanism 28 that passes the level of the level The change sets the state of the comparison element 18 and the speed control device 4 of the lawn mower 1, and the operator operates the control method of selecting the rotational speed of the motor 4 and the blade 8.
- the speed selecting unit 22 can select three speed modes, which are a constant speed of 2,500 rpm, a constant speed of 3,000 rpm, and a full speed.
- the speed selection mechanism 28 may specifically be a knob type speed switching button, or a push type speed switching button (which may have multiple buttons corresponding to different speeds), or a sliding type speed switching button, or a rod type speed switching lever. , no longer list them one by one.
- the lawn mower of the present invention greatly reduces the cutting noise while ensuring the cutting effect, and the noise reduction is particularly remarkable when the cutting height is low.
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Description
割草机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动的割草机, 尤其是一种切割速度能够恒定的电动割 草机。
背景技术
作为适于快速高效的修整草坪的工具, 割草机在城市绿化和家庭除草等 场合应用广泛。 出于降低空气污染的考虑, 电动割草机较之汽动割草机更为 受到欢迎, 而直流无绳割草机由于其移动的自由性更受用户的青睐, 并且, 直流电机具有良好的调速性能, 如可实现无级调速、 调速范围宽、 低速性能 好、 高起动转矩、 高效率等。
然而, 各种割草机都依然给城市环境带来严重的噪声污染。
割草机的噪声主要由电机和刀片的高速转动所产生,通常可达到 90分贝 以上, 而人在 50分贝以上的噪音环境中就会感到明显的不适, 所以割草机在 工作时会严重影响周围的居民的正常生活。
割草机的切割刀片的转速通常在 3000— 4000转之间,这一速度具有非常 优异的切割效果。 但另一方面, 切割刀片的转速在降低到低于 3000转时, 依 然可以良好的切割较低的草。 并且, 降低割草机的工作转速, 可以有效地降 低割草机产生的噪声, 但这同时也会带来割较高的草时的效率的下降。 因此, 选择合适的转速, 在割草效率和噪声之间取得一个平衡是较难的, 而且, 这 将使得割草机仅能割除较浅的草, 从而限制了割草机的使用范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低噪音的割草机。
为实现上述目的, 本发明的技术方案是: 一种割草机, 包括: 壳体; 连 接在壳体上的电机, 所述电机具有电机轴; 用于割草的刀片, 所述刀片与所 述电机轴连接, 并具有至少一个切削刃; 动力提供装置, 所述动力提供装置 在割草机工作时为电机提供能量, 从而驱动刀片以一个切割速度旋转; 所述 割草机还包括速度控制装置, 速度控制装置具有恒速控制状态, 在恒速控制 状态下, 速度控制装置将所述切割速度保持在至少一个预设恒定转速中的一 个
优选的, 所述速度控制装置具有全速控制状态, 在全速控制状态下速度
控制装置不限制所述切割速度。
优选的, 所述割草机还包括速度选择机构, 所述速度选择机构连接速度 控制装置并设定速度控制装置处于恒速控制状态或全速控制状态。
优选的, 所述速度控制装置处于恒速控制状态时, 所述速度选择机构将 所述切割速度固定在一个第一预设恒定转速, 或一个不同于第一预设恒定转 速的第二预设恒定转速。
优选的, 所述第一预设恒定转速为 2500转每分, 所述第二预设恒定转速 为 3000转每分。
优选的, 所述割草机还包括速度选择机构, 所述速度选择机构连接所述 速度控制装置, 用于设定所述速度控制装置, 使速度控制装置可选择将刀片 的切割速度固定在多个预设恒定转速中的一个。
优选的,所述速度选择机构可选择的将刀片的切割速度固定在 2500转每 分的预设恒定转速和 3000转每分的预设恒定转速中的一个。
优选的, 所述的至少一个预设恒定转速位于 2000转每分至 3800转每分 间。
优选的, 所述的至少一个预设恒定转速位于 2000转每分至 3000转每分 之间。
优选的, 所述预设恒定转速为 2500转每分或 3000转每分。
优选的, 所述刀片的长度为 460毫米。
优选的, 所述速度控制装置包括速度传感器, 用于检测刀片当前的切割 速度; 比较元件, 用于确定当前的切割速度与所述预设恒定转速的偏差; 能 量控制元件, 用于调整自电池提供给直流电机的能量, 以使所述偏差趋近于 零, 切割速度保持与所述预设恒定转速相等。
优选的, 所述速度控制装置包括速度传感器, 用于检测刀片当前的切割 速度; 比较元件, 用于确定当前的切割速度与所述预设恒定转速的偏差; 能 量控制元件, 用于调整自动力提供装置提供给电机的电压, 以使所述偏差趋 近于零, 切割速度保持与所述预设恒定转速相等。
优选的, 所述速度传感器为霍尔传感器或光电传感器。
优选的, 所述能量控制元件为 MOS场效应管。
优选的, 所述比较元件为微处理器。
优选的, 所述微处理器接受速度传感器的转速信号, 用于通过比例积分
微分算法计算得到脉冲宽度频宽比信号并输出到 MOS 场效应管, 以控制 MOS场效应管的导通关断时间。
优选的, 所述比较元件还用于比较切割速度与一个预设的堵转速度的大 小, 若切割速度小于预设的堵转速度一个预定的时间, 所述能量控制元件中 止电池向直流电机提供能量。
优选的, 所述动力提供装置为安装在壳体中的电池, 所述电机为直流电 机。
优选的, 所述动力提供装置为交流电接入机构, 所述电机为交流电机。 本技术方案的有益效果是: 割草机在保证切割效率的同时, 具有较低的 噪声, 从而具有较小的环境污染和较佳的操作体验。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的割草机的立体示意图;
图 2为本发明的割草机的速度控制装置的结构框图;
图 3为本发明的割草机的速度控制装置的电路框图;
图 4为本发明的割草机的恒速控制流程图;
其巾:
1 割草机 14 速度控制装置 28 速度选择机构
3 壳体 16 速度传感器 n 当前转速
4 电机 18 比较元件 n* 预设恒定转速
6 电机轴 20 能量控制元件 Δ η 转速偏差
8 刀片 22 凹槽 30 主开关
10 切割刃 24 内部凹陷区域 32 变压电路
12 电池 26 刀片腔体 34 变压电路
具体实施方式
以下结合附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。
本发明的割草机可以是任意类型的, 如, 割草机可选的可以为交流割草 机或直流割草机, 可以为旋转式割草机、 气浮和筒式割草机, 也可以为手推 式割草机、 自驱割草机或全自动智能割草机, 割草机的具体类型并不影响本 发明的实施。 割草机具有动力提供装置, 若具体为具有交流电机的割草机, 则其动力提供装置相应为交流电接入装置,若具体为具有直流电机的割草机, 则其动力提供装置相应为安装在壳体中的电池。
图 1所示为本发明的具体实施方式的具有速度控制装置的、 具有直流电 机的割草机 1。 割草机 1包括壳体 3, 壳体 3上设置有凹槽 22, 凹槽 22用于 安放电池 12, 该电池 12为割草机 1 的各种功能提供能源。 优选的, 本实施 例中采用额定电压 36伏、 额定电流 12安的可充电电池, 然而, 其他型号的 电池也是可用的, 例如, 额定电压 24伏、 额定电流 17安的可充电电池。 割 草机 1的壳体 3上连接并延伸出供操作者握持以及推动割草机 1行走的手柄, 手柄上设置有割草机的功能控制部件,如开关和割草机的自驱速度调节元件。
图 2为本发明的速度控制装置 14的结构框图, 进一步参照图 2, 割草机 1还包括用于提供旋转输出以驱动刀片 8割草的电机 4,电机 4具有一个输出 旋转运动的电机轴 6。 本实施例中, 电机 4 为直流电机, 具体可以为直流永 磁电机或者直流无刷电机;割草机 1 的壳体 3在下方向割草机 1 的内部凹进, 形成一个刀片腔体 26, 刀片腔体 26 内容纳有用于切割修整草皮的刀片 8, 刀 片 8和割草电机 4的电机轴 6直接连接, 中间不设任何减速齿轮系统。 刀片 8的两端的一个侧边分别形成切削刃 10, 切割刃 10为弧形凸起形状, 且刀片 8具有一个内部凹陷区域 24, 用于抬高切割下的碎草。 然而, 刀片结构并不 局限于上述的方式, 例如, 刀片可以整体成型为 S状, 也可以大致呈直线, 刀片的具体形式并不影响本发明的实施。 本实施例还包括用于沿着需要修整 的草坪驱动割草机 1 的电动的驱动电机(图未示), 该驱动电机可操作地与电 池 12连接。
电池 12和电机 4之间设有速度控制装置 14, 速度控制装置 14包括设置 的临靠电机 4的速度传感器 16,速度传感器 16用于监测电机 4的当前转速 n, 并将监测到的当前转速 n发送到比较元件 18。 比较元件 18可选择的具有或 不具有预设恒定转速 n*。 当比较元件 18具有预设恒定转速 n*时, 速度控制 装置 14处于恒速控制状态。比较元件 1 8将速度传感器 16传送的电机 4的当 前转速 n与预设恒定转速 n*进行比较, 用当前转速 n减去预设恒定转速 n*, 得出转速偏差 Δ η, 并将与 Δ η相关的信号输出传递给能量控制元件 20。 能量 控制元件 20根据比较元件 18输出的信号,调整自电池 12提供给电机 4的能 量。 具体为, 当当前转速 η大于预设恒定转速 η*, 转速偏差 Δ η大于 0时, 能量控制元件 20减少电池 12提供给电机 4的能量, 使当前转速 η降低, 偏 差 Δ η 降低以趋近于 0 ; 当当前转速 η 小于预设恒定转速 η*, 转速偏差 Δ η 小于 0时, 能量控制元件 20增加电池 12提供给电机 4的能量, 使当前转速
n增加, 转速偏差 Δ η增加以趋近于 0, 速度控制装置 14不断的根据转速偏 差 Δ η调节电池 12提供给电机 4的能量, 以保证电机 4的转速保持为预设恒 定转速 η*。 当比较元件 18不具有预设恒定转速 η*时, 速度控制装置 14不对 电机的转速进行限制, 速度控制装置 14处于全速控制状态。 需要指出的是, 由于电机 4的电机轴 6和刀片 8直接连接, 所以, 刀片的切割速度等于电机 的当前转速 η。
比较元件 18 的预设恒定转速 η*是可选择的, 操作者可以根据工作需要 选择。 预设恒定转速 η*可以采用无极调速方式或者档位调节方式进行设定。 本实施例中的速度控制装置 14具有两档可调节的预设的恒定速度值 η*,分别 为 2500转每分和 3000转每分。
图 3 所示为本发明的速度控制装置 14 的电路框图, 该电路包括主开关 30, 主开关 30用于控制整个电路的打开和关断; 比较元件 18, 具体形式为 微控制器(MCU), 速度传感器 16, 具体形式为霍尔传感器(Hall Sensor)或光 电传感器,能量控制元件 20, 具体形式为 MOS场效应管(MOSfet)。 如业界人 士容易知悉的, 这些元件的具体形式的选择是多样的, 不限于本电路框图中 的具体形式, 例如, 比较元件 18也可以为模拟比较电路, 速度传感器 16可 以为任何类型的转速度传感器。
微控制器为本实施例的割草机 1 的主控芯片, 其用于监控割草机 1 的特 定工作参数的信号, 根据信号计算发出相应的工作指令。 例如, 主控芯片在 割草机 1 发生堵转时, 发出停机的指令; 在操作者将刀片转速设定为 2500 转每分时, 控制电机驱动刀片以基本上 2500转每分恒速转动。 在工业上, 刀 片的转速允许有上下 5%的误差, 即基本上 2500转每分是指刀片转速在 2500 转每分上下浮动, 但位于每分钟 2375至每分钟 2625转之间。
该电路还包括电源, 即可充电的电池 12。 电池 12通过主开关 30 以及第 一个变压电路 32, 第二个变压电路 34与微控制器相连, 给微控制器提供稳 压 5伏电源。
该电路中还包括具体为直流永磁电机的电机 4。 电机 4与具体为 MOS管 的能量控制元件 20—起, 与电池 12及主开关 30串联。
该电路包括电机转速监测部分。 如前所述的, 可以采用各种转速表传感 器直接监测电机 4的转速, 也可以通过监测电机 4的电压或者电流间接计算 出电机 4的转速, 其具体形式不在此赘述。 在本实施例中, 采用霍尔传感器
检测电机的当前转速 n, 其实现方式为: 在电机轴 6上套设 4对极磁环, 在 贴近极磁环的位置设置霍尔感应部件, 这样, 电机轴每转动一周, 霍尔感应 部件输出四个电压方波信号, 并输出到微控制器的转速信号输入端。 微控制 器通过单位时间内采集的电压方波信号的数量, 即可换算得出电机的当前转 速 n。 如前所述的, 电机 4和刀片 8之间不具有任何减速机构, 即电机 4的 当前转速 n与割草机 1 的刀片 8的切割速度相等, 然而, 电机 4和刀片 8之 间也可以设置减速机构。
该电路还包括具体为 MOS场效应管的能量控制元件 20。 MOS场效应管 具有根据接收到的脉冲宽度频宽比, 迅速的导通、 关断。 在本实施例中, 微 控制器以 2000HZ 的频率输出脉冲宽度频宽比信号, 即脉冲宽度频宽比信号 具有周期 T=0.5 毫秒。 该脉冲宽度频宽比信号经 MOS 场效应管驱动电路放 大, 由 5伏变为 12伏, 以驱动 MOS场效应管导通关断。 在周期 Τ内, 脉冲 信号具有一个高电平和一个低电平, 高电平和低电平在周期 Τ内持续时间长 度的比值即为可变化的脉冲宽度频宽比。其中,在脉冲信号为高电平时, MOS 场效应管处于导通的状态, 此时电池 12的电压可以通过 MOS场效应管施加 到电机 4上; 在脉冲信号为低电平时, MOS场效应管处于关闭的状态, 此时 电池 12的电压无法通过 MOS场效应管施加到电机 4上(但可以通过二极管续 流)。 这样, 通过调节 MOS场效应管的脉冲宽度频宽比, 即可以调节周期 Τ 内电压有效的施加到电机 4上的时间, 即可以调节周期 Τ 内电池 12传输给 电机 4 的能量, 以及在宏观上一定时间内电池 12 两端的电压。 由于周期 Τ 持续时间短, 在操作者可感知的时间上电机 4始终是被驱动的。
该电路还包括速度选择机构 28, 该速度选择机构 28 连接微控制器的端 子, 通过电平高低的变化设定比较元件 18(即微处理器)及割草机 1 的速度控 制装置 4的状态, 供操作者操作选择电机 4及刀片 8转动速度的控制方式。 在本实施例中, 速度选择机构 28 可以选择三种速度模式, 分别为恒速 2500 转每分、 恒速 3000转每分、 全速转动。 速度选择机构 28具体可以为旋钮式 的速度切换钮、或按压式的速度切换按钮(可以具有多个按钮分别对应不同的 速度)、 或滑移式的速度切换钮、 或杆式的速度切换杆, 在此不再一一列举。
图 4为本发明的恒速调节流程图。
如图 4, 主开关 30打开时, 控制电路通电, 微控制器被预置, 预置包括 微控制器内的寄存器初始化, 以及定时器复位调整。 在本阶段, 微控制器会
读取速度设定部分输入的信号, 设定预设恒定转速 n*。
微控制器预置后, 进入堵转判断阶段。
在某些环境中, 例如由于刀片 8撞击到物体, 或者割草机 1进入非常深 的草时, 割草机 1 的刀片 8会急剧减速, 这时电机 4发出的电流会骤增至一 个非常高的数值, 为了保护电机 4和驱动电路, 这时应该关断割草机 1。
微控制器接收霍尔传感器发送的电压方波信号, 并通过单位时间内的方 波信号数量换算得出微控制器可识别的电机 4及刀片 8的当前转速 n。然后, 将换算得出的电机 4的当前转速 n与预设堵转转速 nd相比较, 若电机 4当前 转速 n高于预设堵转转速 nd, 则判定割草机 1未堵转, 程序进入下一阶段; 若电机 4的当前转速 n低于预设堵转转速 nd, 则开始计时, 若在预设堵转时 间 td内, 当前转速 n上升至高于预设堵转转速 nd, 则判定割草机 1未堵转, 程序进入下一阶段; 若电机 4当前转速 n在预设堵转时间 td内始终低于预设 堵转转速 nd, 则判定割草机 1 处于堵转状态, 微控制器关断电机 4, 割草机 1停机。 在实践上, 将预设堵转转速设定在 100至 400转之间, 将预设堵转 时间设定在 2至 5秒之间是合适的, 本实施例中, 优选的, 预设堵转转速 nd 设定为 200转每分, 预设堵转时间 td设定为 3秒。
若在堵转判断阶段判定割草机 1未堵转, 程序进入转速调节阶段。
如前所述的, 转速调节的原理为, 在恒速控制的状态下, 微控制器内预 置有预设恒定转速 n*, 微控制器调节输出的脉冲宽度频宽比信号的频宽比, 从而变化 MOS场效应管的导通时间, 在 MOS场效应管导通时, 电机 4的两 端才会受到直流电池 12的电压, 在不导通时, 电机 4的两端没有受到电压, 这样, 通过调节脉冲宽度频宽比信号的频宽比, 可以调节一定时间周期内施 加给电机 4有效电压的时间比例, 进而调节在宏观上一定时间内施加到电机 4两端的电压, 以及电池 12输出的能量, 进而调节当前转速 n。 当电机 4的 当前转速 n低于预设恒定转速 n*时, 微控制器调节降低脉冲宽度频宽比信号 的频宽比, 电机 4两端的电压以及接受的能量增加, 电机 4的当前转速 n得 到提高, 使之接近于预设恒定转速 n* ; 当电机 4的当前转速 n高于预设恒定 转速 n*时, 微控制器调节提高脉冲宽度频宽比信号的频宽比, 电机 4两端的 电压以及接受的能量减少, 电机 4的当前转速 n降低, 使之接近于预设恒定 转速 n*。
具体的, 微控制器将电机 1 的当前转速 n和预设恒定转速 n*比较, 得出
转速的偏差 Δ η,微控制器根据偏差 Δ η计算得出当前为达到预设恒定转速 η* 应输出脉冲宽度频宽比信号, 脉冲宽度频宽比信号经 MOS 场效应管驱动电 路放大并传递到 MOS场效应管, 以控制电池 12特定时间内输送给电机 4的 能量, 达到预设恒定转速 η*。
在本实施例中, 微控制器采用比例积分微分(PID)算法计算其输出的脉冲 信号频宽比。 比例 -积分 -微分 (PID ) 算法是工业上常见的控制算法。 在 PID 控制里, 这个算法会计算比例, 积分, 微分的响应和这三者的和, 以此来计 算真实的输出。
进一步的, 本实施例采用增量式 PID算法。 在调节过程中, 微处理器每 50毫秒对电机转速进行取样计算, 并将其存储, 微处理器根据当前转速、 前 次转速, 再前次转速进行比例积分微分计算, 得出输出脉冲宽度频宽比信号。
具体的, 脉冲宽度调制信号的频宽比可根据以下的方法计算来获得: 第一、 霍尔传感器测量电机 4 的当前转速 η, 输出电压方波信号到微控 制器。
第二、 微控制器记录当前电机 4 当前转速 η、 前次电机转速 nl、 再前次 电机转速 η2, 并计算它们的偏差。
第三、 根据转速偏差, 调整脉冲宽度频宽比(PWM 占空比)。
第四、 MOS场效应管根据接收的信号调节电机 4两端的电压, 调节转速 逼近于预设的恒定转速。
然后, 程序返回计算电机 4的当前转速 η的阶段, 按前述的判断堵转、 计算脉冲宽度频宽比, 调节电机 4转速, 这样循环继续, 直到割草机 1停机 为止。
以下描述预设恒定速度 η*的选择。
通常意义上, 转速与噪声相对应的升高和降低: 转速升高, 噪声升高; 转速降低, 噪声降低。 同时, 转速与切割效率同样对应的升高和降低。 转速 升高, 切割效率升高; 转速降低时, 切割效率也随之降低。 因而, 在寻求低 噪声的同时必须兼顾切割效率, 寻找一个恰当的转速, 达到噪声和切割效率 的一个平衡点。
在割草机实际的使用中, 在以特定的方式切割某些特定的草况的草时, 并不需要极高的效率, 这时, 较高的转速在没有明显的提高切割效率的同时, 还带来了额外的噪音污染。 通常, 标准的草高为 90mm, 而割草机 1 具有切
割深度的调节机构, 以选择性的将草切割到不同的高度。 操作者并不总是以 最深的切割深度来切割。如同业界所常见的, 本实施方式的割草机 1具有 1 -6 档可调节的切割高度, 1 档切割最浅, 需要的切割转速最低, 然后切割深度 依次上升, 到 6档切割最深, 需要的切割转速最高。 在标准密度的草况下, 在切割转速为 2000转的时候, 割草机 1处于 1、 2档时切割依然可以有良好 的切割效率, 在切割转速为 2500转时, 割草机 1处于 1、 2、 3、 4档依然可 以有良好的切割效率, 在切割效率为 3000转时, 1、 2、 3、 4、 5、 6档均可 以有良好的切割效率。 结合噪声综合考虑, 在 2000转时, 噪声很低, 然而适 用范围也比较小, 仅能切割很浅的深度。 转速上升达到 2500转时, 噪声有所 升高, 但依然处于可接受的范围, 并且, 可以切割 1、 2、 3、 4档的切割深度, 进而, 转速上升到 3000转每分时, 噪声再次提升, 切割范围也提升, 可以切 割标准草况各个档位的切割深度。 因而 2500转每分和 3000转每分具有较高 的可实施性和适应性, 噪声较低而且应用范围较广。 然而, 密度大于标准草 况的草坪也是常见的, 为了尽可能的保证切割效率, 并仍然控制噪声, 割草 机 1可以进一步的具有切割转速 3800转每分的预设恒定转速。
同时需要指出, 割草机的切割噪声和刀片的长度存在相关性。 具体的, 刀片长度越长, 则相同转速下的噪声越大, 同时刀片的切割效率也越高。 在 本具体实施方式中, 采用了 460毫米的刀片, 相应的配合 2500转和 3000转 的预设恒定转速, 以达到最佳效果。
以上所描述的为一种优选的实施方案, 在实际设计中, 根据地区差异和 使用习惯的差异, 预设恒定转速可以在 2000转每分到 3800转每分之间作合 适的选择, 为了尽可能的控制噪声, 预设恒定转速应尽可能的在 2000转每分 到 3000转每分之间作合适的选择, 如 2100转每分, 2400转每分, 2700转每 分等。
根据测试, 当环境噪音在 50分贝左右时, 本实施例的割草机在 2500转 恒速档下, 切割噪音在 73 分贝左右; 在 3000 转恒速档下, 切割噪声在 76 分贝左右, 远低于普通割草机 95分贝左右的噪音。 因此, 本实施例的割草机 设置的具有 2500转每分和 3000转每分两个预设恒定转速。 然而, 2000转到 3000转之间噪声都仍是可以接受的, 并且也可以或宽或窄的可以应用到实际 的割草情景中。
进一步的, 本实施例的割草机 1还具有全速档, 在这个档位, 微控制器
仅仅判断割草机 1是否堵转, 不对割草机 1 的切割速度做任何的限制, 以适 于在一些特别密集的草地工作, 这时, 噪声控制相对处于次要的地位, 而看 重切割效率。 但事实上全速档主要作为一个应急备用档位, 在实际的使用中 极少会用到, 即使取消, 仅设置前述的两个预设恒定转速档位也是可以的。 根据实际统计, 家庭割草机用户在草坪生长迅速的季节通常每两周割一次草 坪, 在草坪生长缓慢的季节通常每三周割草一次。 而在草皮生长最旺盛的季 节, 每两周切割草坪一次只需使用 2000 转的恒定转速就能满足需求。 使用 2500转 /3000转的恒定转速分别可以实现每 3周 /4周切割一次草坪而不会过 载。 因而除非用户超过一月不切割草坪、 或者草坪属于生长极为迅速的品种 (这在家庭用户中极为少见), 否则基本不会使用到全速档, 而需要大功率全 速割草的用户通常会选用汽油割草机。 根据统计, 在直流割草机的主要市场 上, 使用到全速档的情况出现的可能性不超过千分之二。
本具体实施例中, 采用了预设恒定转速, 而没有采用无极调速, 这是因 为预设的恒定转速具有明显的优势。
首先, 预设恒定转速可以节省用户的调试时间。 用户在使用恒定转速可 调的割草机时, 必然的会寻找一个达到噪声和效率的平衡的切割转速。 如果 采用无极调速方式, 那么, 每一个终端用户需要经历反复的试错才能找到一 个合适的恒定转速值, 这个试错过程可能耗时较长且体验恶劣。 根据最终用 户实验, 没有预设档位时, 用户通常需要反复调速达 5至 7次之久才能找到 自己满意的切割速度, 百分之百的用户都认为这个调试过程不舒适或极不舒 适。 而预设恒定转速则可以免去这个调试时间, 终端用户只需选择一个预设 档位即可以找到合适的, 噪声和效率达到平衡的切割速度。
其次, 预设恒定转速可以实现最佳的切割速度。 用户自己寻找到的切割 转速值很可能并非是真正的最佳切割速度。 因为用户凭借自身体验做出的判 断可能存在偏差; 更重要的, 用户缺乏判断噪声实际大小和噪声在一定距离 内衰减的精密仪器, 其对噪声的评估通常是在近距离操作割草机时感受到的 噪声, 很难对一定距离外的噪声程度做出判断, 即操作者很难评估割草机对 周围环境、 邻居的噪声污染。 而实际上割草机对周围环境的噪声污染是设定 转速极为重要的考虑因素, 因为在割草机中心位置的噪声无论如何都无法降 低到不影响操作者的程度, 而一定距离之外的噪声污染却是经过转速控制之 后可以明显改善的。 同样根据最终用户测试, 用户单独根据割草机中心位置
的噪声做出使用何种转速的判断时,约六成的用户实际上会选择过大的转速, 而没有达到降低环境噪声的效果, 而约两成的用户会选择过低的转速, 延长 了割草时间, 仅有两成用户能选择真正最佳的转速。 采用预设恒定转速的方 式, 制造者通过噪声测试仪器, 经过精密实验, 可以准确地判断各个转速情 况下各个距离段的噪声数据、 以及割草效率, 进而设定最佳的预设恒定转速。
第三、 预设恒定转速可以为不同地区、 不同草况等特定情况提供定制的 最佳转速。 如前所述, 在不同地区、 不同草况或一些其他特定情况下, 用户 需要的、 达到噪声和切割效率的平衡的最佳切割转速可能是不同的。 对此, 制造者可以通过测试, 针对不同情况设定不同的预设切割速度, 提供有针对 性的噪声解决方案。
下面介绍本发明的另一实施例。
在本实施例中, 电机 4为交流电机, 这种情况下, 割草机 1将直接连接 市电, 而不设置可充电电池。 与第一实施例类似的, 割草机 1设有速度控制 装置 14, 速度控制装置 14包括设置的临靠电机 4的速度传感器 16, 速度传 感器 16用于监测电机 4的当前转速 n, 并将监测到的当前转速 n发送到比较 元件 18。 比较元件 18可选择的具有或不具有预设恒定转速 n*。 当比较元件 18具有预设恒定转速 n*时, 速度控制装置 14处于恒速控制状态。 比较元件 18将速度传感器 16传送的电机 4的当前转速 n与预设恒定转速 n*进行比较, 用当前转速 n减去预设恒定转速 n*, 得出转速偏差 Δ η, 并将与 Δ η相关的信 号输出传递给能量控制元件 20。 能量控制元件 20根据比较元件 1 8输出的信 号, 调整自动力提供装置提供给电机 4的能量。 具体为, 当当前转速 η大于 预设恒定转速 η*, 转速偏差 Δ η大于 0时, 能量控制元件 20减少电源提供给 电机 4的能量, 使当前转速 η降低, 偏差 Δ η降低以趋近于 0 ; 当当前转速 η 小于预设恒定转速 η*, 转速偏差 Δ η小于 0时, 能量控制元件 20增加电源提 供给电机 4的能量, 使当前转速 η增加, 转速偏差 Δ η增加以趋近于 0, 速度 控制装置 14不断的根据转速偏差 Δ η调节电池 12提供给电机 4的能量, 以 保证电机 4 的转速保持为预设恒定转速 η*。 当比较元件 18不具有预设恒定 转速 η*时, 速度控制装置 14不对电机的转速进行限制, 速度控制装置 14处 于全速控制状态。 需要指出的是, 由于电机 4的电机轴 6和刀片 8直接连接, 所以, 刀片的切割速度等于电机的当前转速 η。
该割草机同样包括速度选择机构 28, 该速度选择机构 28 通过电平高低
的变化设定比较元件 18及割草机 1 的速度控制装置 4的状态,供操作者操作 选择电机 4及刀片 8转动速度的控制方式。 在本实施例中, 速度选择部件 22 可以选择三种速度模式, 分别为恒速 2500转每分、 恒速 3000转每分、 全速 转动。速度选择机构 28具体可以为旋钮式的速度切换钮、 或按压式的速度切 换按钮(可以具有多个按钮分别对应不同的速度)、 或滑移式的速度切换钮、 或杆式的速度切换杆, 在此不再一一列举。
本发明的割草机在保证切割效果的情况下, 极大的降低了切割噪音, 在 切割高度较低时, 噪声的降低尤为明显。
Claims
1、 一种割草机, 包括:
壳体;
连接在壳体上的电机, 所述电机具有电机轴;
用于割草的刀片, 所述刀片与所述电机轴连接, 并具有至少一个切削刃; 动力提供装置, 所述动力提供装置在割草机工作时为电机提供能量, 从 而驱动刀片以一个切割速度旋转;
其特征在于: 所述割草机还包括速度控制装置, 速度控制装置具有恒速 控制状态, 在恒速控制状态下, 速度控制装置将所述切割速度保持在至少一 个预设恒定转速中的一个。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述速度控制装置具有全速 控制状态, 在全速控制状态下速度控制装置不限制所述切割速度。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述割草机还包括速度选择 机构, 所述速度选择机构连接速度控制装置并设定速度控制装置处于恒速控 制状态或全速控制状态。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述速度控制装置处于恒速 控制状态时, 所述速度选择机构将所述切割速度固定在一个第一预设恒定转 速, 或一个不同于第一预设恒定转速的第二预设恒定转速。
5、 根据权利要求 4 所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述第一预设恒定转速为 2500转每分, 所述第二预设恒定转速为 3000转每分。
6、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述割草机还包括速度选择 机构, 所述速度选择机构连接所述速度控制装置, 用于设定所述速度控制装 置, 使速度控制装置可选择将刀片的切割速度固定在多个预设恒定转速中的 †.。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述速度选择机构可选择的 将刀片的切割速度固定在 2500转每分的预设恒定转速和 3000转每分的预设 恒定转速中的一个。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述的至少一个预设恒定转 速位于 2000转每分至 3800转每分间。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述的至少一个预设恒定转 速位于 2000转每分至 3000转每分之间。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述预设恒定转速为 2500 转每分或 3000转每分。
11、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述刀片的长度为 460毫 米。
12、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述速度控制装置包括速 度传感器, 用于检测刀片当前的切割速度; 比较元件, 用于确定当前的切割 速度与所述预设恒定转速的偏差; 能量控制元件, 用于调整自电池提供给直 流电机的能量, 以使所述偏差趋近于零, 切割速度保持与所述预设恒定转速 相等。
13、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述速度控制装置包括速 度传感器, 用于检测刀片当前的切割速度; 比较元件, 用于确定当前的切割 速度与所述预设恒定转速的偏差; 能量控制元件, 用于调整自动力提供装置 提供给电机的电压, 以使所述偏差趋近于零, 切割速度保持与所述预设恒定 转速相等。
14、 根据权利要求 12或 13所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述速度传感器为 霍尔传感器或光电传感器。
15、 根据权利要求 12或 13所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述能量控制元件 为 MOS场效应管。
16、 根据权利要求 12或 13所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述比较元件为微 处理器。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述微处理器接受速度传 感器的转速信号, 用于通过比例积分微分算法计算得到脉冲宽度频宽比信号 并输出到 MOS场效应管, 以控制 MOS场效应管的导通关断时间。
18、 根据权利要求 12或 13所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述比较元件还用 于比较切割速度与一个预设的堵转速度的大小, 若切割速度小于预设的堵转 速度一个预定的时间, 所述能量控制元件中止电池向直流电机提供能量。
19、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述动力提供装置为安装 在壳体中的电池, 所述电机为直流电机。
20、 根据权利要求 1所述的割草机, 其特征在于: 所述动力提供装置为交流 电接入机构, 所述电机为交流电机。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US13/509,560 US20120228041A1 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2010-11-12 | Lawn mower |
EP10829541.1A EP2499895A4 (en) | 2009-11-13 | 2010-11-12 | MOWING MACHINE |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
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CN200910223165 | 2009-11-13 | ||
CN200910223165.4 | 2009-11-13 | ||
CN200910234408.4 | 2009-11-13 | ||
CN200910234408 | 2009-11-13 | ||
CN201010176790.0 | 2010-04-30 | ||
CN2010101656715A CN102204451A (zh) | 2009-11-13 | 2010-04-30 | 割草机 |
CN2010101767900A CN102057800A (zh) | 2009-11-13 | 2010-04-30 | 割草机 |
CN201010165671.5 | 2010-04-30 |
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WO2011057577A1 true WO2011057577A1 (zh) | 2011-05-19 |
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PCT/CN2010/078679 WO2011057577A1 (zh) | 2009-11-13 | 2010-11-12 | 割草机 |
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US (1) | US20120228041A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2499895A4 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2011057577A1 (zh) |
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CN105915146B (zh) * | 2016-06-06 | 2018-04-17 | 深圳创维空调科技有限公司 | 一种pg电机运行调节方法和调节系统 |
CN106856799A (zh) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-06-20 | 福建永强力加动力设备有限公司 | 一种割草机 |
USD833486S1 (en) | 2017-09-07 | 2018-11-13 | The Toro Company | Lawn mower powerhead |
EP3821692B1 (en) | 2018-09-27 | 2024-07-31 | Nanjing Chervon Industry Co., Ltd. | Lawn mower |
CN110946001B (zh) | 2018-09-27 | 2024-08-02 | 南京泉峰科技有限公司 | 割草机以及适用于割草机的刀片组件 |
US11771004B2 (en) | 2019-04-09 | 2023-10-03 | The Toro Company | Mulch door with sensor |
USD995569S1 (en) | 2019-04-18 | 2023-08-15 | Nanjing Chervon Industry Co., Ltd. | Mower blade assembly |
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US20120228041A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
EP2499895A4 (en) | 2013-10-16 |
EP2499895A1 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
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