WO2011043346A1 - 複合材構造体、これを備えた航空機主翼および航空機胴体 - Google Patents
複合材構造体、これを備えた航空機主翼および航空機胴体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011043346A1 WO2011043346A1 PCT/JP2010/067475 JP2010067475W WO2011043346A1 WO 2011043346 A1 WO2011043346 A1 WO 2011043346A1 JP 2010067475 W JP2010067475 W JP 2010067475W WO 2011043346 A1 WO2011043346 A1 WO 2011043346A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- structural member
- hole
- composite
- main wing
- Prior art date
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002990 reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/18—Spars; Ribs; Stringers
- B64C3/187—Ribs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C1/06—Frames; Stringers; Longerons ; Fuselage sections
- B64C1/061—Frames
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C1/06—Frames; Stringers; Longerons ; Fuselage sections
- B64C1/068—Fuselage sections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/18—Spars; Ribs; Stringers
- B64C3/182—Stringers, longerons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/26—Construction, shape, or attachment of separate skins, e.g. panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
- B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
- B32B3/14—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a face layer formed of separate pieces of material which are juxtaposed side-by-side
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/263—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer having non-uniform thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/03—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C1/06—Frames; Stringers; Longerons ; Fuselage sections
- B64C1/064—Stringers; Longerons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
- B64C1/1407—Doors; surrounding frames
- B64C1/1446—Inspection hatches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
- B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
- B64C1/1492—Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
- B64C2001/0054—Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials
- B64C2001/0072—Fuselage structures substantially made from particular materials from composite materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/40—Weight reduction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
- Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite structure having holes, an aircraft main wing and an aircraft fuselage provided with the same.
- FRP Fiber Reinforced Plastics
- Patent Document 1 discloses an invention that increases the strength by adding a reinforcing layer in order to strengthen the peripheral portion of the access hole of the outer plate of the aircraft.
- the reinforcing layer described in Patent Document 1 is fixed to the base material with a pin or a stitch to prevent peeling when receiving a load.
- Patent Document 1 has a problem in terms of productivity because the number of steps of applying pins and stitches when adding the reinforcing layer is increased.
- a lower outer skin 103 of an aircraft main wing 100 having the structure shown in FIG. 8 is known.
- a plurality of access holes 102 are formed in the center in the width direction of the lower surface outer plate 103.
- the access hole 102 is used for inspection of a fuel tank provided in the main wing 100 or during assembly.
- the broken line shown in the figure has shown the outline of the main wing
- the reinforcing laminate 104 is laminated (pad-up) on the base laminate 106 as shown in FIG.
- the reinforcing laminate 104 has a shape in which a taper is formed such that the thickness decreases as the distance from the access hole 102 increases when viewed in cross section as shown in FIG.
- a constant thickness portion 104a located at the peripheral edge of the access hole 102 and having a constant thickness is sufficient.
- the base material is applied when a load is applied. Peeling occurs at the interface with 106.
- the taper portion 104b is further extended to form a thicker thickness.
- the taper portion 104b is hatched for easy understanding, but the taper portion 104b and the constant thickness portion 104a are continuous and are constituted by the same laminated sheet. Yes.
- the structure as shown in FIG. 8 does not require a pin or stitching process as in the above-mentioned Patent Document 1, the taper portion 104b is originally unnecessary from the viewpoint of reinforcing the access hole 102, and the weight increases.
- the taper portion 104b is originally unnecessary from the viewpoint of reinforcing the access hole 102, and the weight increases.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and in consideration of the stress concentration at the peripheral portion of the hole, a composite material structure that can be reduced in weight, an aircraft main wing equipped with the composite structure, and An object is to provide an aircraft fuselage.
- the composite material structure of the present invention includes a holed structural member that is a fiber-reinforced plastic composite material that extends in one direction and has holes formed therein, and the holed structural member that extends in the one direction.
- An adjacent structural member made of a fiber reinforced plastic composite connected to the side of the composite material structure, wherein a tensile load and / or a compressive load is applied in the one direction, wherein the hole A tensile rigidity and / or a compressive rigidity in the one direction of the attached structural member is smaller than a tensile rigidity and / or a tensile rigidity in the one direction of the adjacent structural member.
- the tensile rigidity in one direction of the structural member with holes is smaller than the tensile rigidity in one direction of the adjacent structural member, the tensile load is mainly borne by the adjacent structural member. Accordingly, since the tensile load applied to the structural member with holes is relatively small, the stress concentration applied to the peripheral portion forming the holes is alleviated. Thereby, reinforcement of a hole peripheral part can be decreased compared with the case where the structural member with a hole is made into the tensile rigidity equivalent to an adjacent structural member. Moreover, when the compression rigidity in one direction of the structural member with a hole is smaller than the compression rigidity in the one direction of the adjacent structural member, the adjacent structural member mainly bears the compressive load.
- the compressive load applied to the structural member with a hole becomes relatively small, the stress concentration applied to the peripheral portion forming the hole is relieved. Thereby, the reinforcement of a hole peripheral part can be decreased compared with the case where the structural member with a hole is made into the compression rigidity equivalent to an adjacent structural member.
- the tensile rigidity and the compressive rigidity in one direction of the perforated structural member are determined as the tensile rigidity in one direction of the adjacent structural member.
- the perforated structural member is oriented in a direction of ⁇ 30 ° or more and ⁇ 60 ° or less, preferably ⁇ 45 °, when the one direction is 0 °. It is characterized by being a composite material mainly composed of fibers.
- the tensile rigidity in the 0 ° direction (one direction) is reduced and the tensile direction It is possible to realize a composite material that allows elongation in the (and / or compression direction). Further, since the fibers are mainly provided in the direction of ⁇ 30 ° or more and ⁇ 60 ° or less, preferably ⁇ 45 °, the strength in the shearing direction (direction orthogonal to one direction, that is, ⁇ 90 ° direction) is increased. The torsional rigidity can be increased.
- “mainly composed of fibers oriented in a direction of ⁇ 30 ° to ⁇ 60 °, preferably ⁇ 45 °” is ⁇ 30 ° from a commonly used composite material (for example, an adjacent structural member).
- the blending ratio of fibers in the direction of ⁇ 60 ° or less, preferably ⁇ 45 °, is high.
- the 0 ° direction fibers are less rigid than the ⁇ 30 ° to ⁇ 60 ° direction, preferably ⁇ 45 ° direction fibers. It is preferable to use a material. For example, when carbon fiber is used in the direction of ⁇ 30 ° or more and ⁇ 60 ° or less, preferably ⁇ 45 °, glass fiber or aramid fiber is used in the 0 ° direction.
- the lower surface outer plate of the main wing of the aircraft is composed of a plurality of composite materials having split surfaces extending in the longitudinal direction of the main wing.
- a composite having an access hole as the hole formed in the outer plate is the structural member with a hole, and another composite material is the adjacent structural member.
- the lower skin forms the lower part of the torque box that bears the load applied to the main wing of the aircraft. Therefore, a tensile load is applied to the lower surface outer plate in the longitudinal direction of the main wing during flight. Since the composite material in which the access hole is formed is the above-mentioned structural member with a hole, and the composite material connected to this structural member with a hole is the above-mentioned adjacent structural member, the tensile load is mainly borne by the adjacent structural member. Only a relatively small tensile load is applied to the attached structural member. Accordingly, the reinforcement of the peripheral portion of the access hole can be reduced, and a lightened main wing can be provided.
- the outer plate of the fuselage of the aircraft is composed of a plurality of composite materials having split surfaces extending in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage, and among these composite materials, the outer plate A composite material having a hole for a window as the hole formed in is formed as the structural member with a hole, and another composite material is used as the adjacent structural member.
- a tensile load and a compressive load are applied to the aircraft fuselage in the longitudinal direction. Since the composite material in which the holes for windows are formed is the above-mentioned structural member with holes, and the composite material connected to this structural member with holes is the above-mentioned adjacent structural member, the tensile load and the compressive load are mainly generated by the adjacent structural member.
- the structural member with holes is subjected to relatively small tensile and compressive loads. Therefore, reinforcement of the peripheral part of the hole for windows can be reduced, and the aircraft fuselage reduced in weight can be provided.
- the aircraft main wing and the aircraft fuselage provided with the composite structure the tensile rigidity and / or compression rigidity of the structural member with holes is made smaller than the tensile rigidity and / or compression rigidity of the adjacent structural member. Since the concentrated stress applied to the peripheral portion of the hole is reduced, the reinforcing structure of the peripheral portion of the hole can be simplified and reduced in weight.
- FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 2, showing a method of fixing the stringer and the lower outer plate.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 2 showing another method for fixing the stringer and the lower outer plate.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 2 showing another method for fixing the stringer and the lower outer plate. It is the side view which showed the other application example of the composite material structure of this invention, and showed the fuselage
- board of the main wing of the conventional aircraft is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional view.
- FIG. 1 shows a lower skin 3 of an aircraft main wing 1.
- the lower outer plate 3 is formed of a composite structure made of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP).
- FRP fiber reinforced plastics
- the lower surface outer plate 3 includes a front spar 20 and a rear spar 22 that are side surface erected from both ends in the width direction of the lower surface outer plate 3, and the front spar 20 and the rear spar 22.
- a box-shaped torque box is formed together with the upper surface outer plate 24 that connects the upper ends, and bears the load of the main wing 1.
- the lower surface outer plate 3 is connected to the front part (adjacent structural member) 3a located on the front edge side of the main wing 1, the central part 3b connected to the front part 3a, and the central part 3b, and is located on the rear edge side of the main wing 1. It consists of three parts with the rear part (adjacent structural member) 3c.
- the front portion 3a, the central portion 3b, and the rear portion 3c are joined to each other by a fastener or by bonding at a dividing surface 4 extending in the longitudinal direction of the main wing 1.
- a specific example of this bonding method will be described later, but it is only necessary to appropriately select between the fastener bonding and the adhesive bonding.
- the fastener bonding has an advantage that it is easy to wear, and the adhesive bonding has an advantage that the weight can be reduced. .
- a plurality of stringers 26 are provided in the longitudinal direction of the main wing 1.
- the stringer 26 is a composite material made of FRP like the lower outer plate 3 and the like.
- Each stringer 26 is fixed to the inner surfaces of the lower surface outer plate 3 and the upper surface outer plate 24 and mainly bears the load in the longitudinal direction of the main wing 1.
- a rib 28 is provided inside the main wing 1 having a box structure so as to divide the inner space into a plurality of parts in the longitudinal direction.
- the ribs 28 have a plate shape extending in the width direction (direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction) of the main wing 1, and a plurality of ribs 28 are arranged with a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction.
- the front and rear end portions of each rib 28 are fixed to the front spar 20 and the rear spar 22 by predetermined fasteners 30 such as bolts and nuts, respectively.
- the front part 3a of the lower outer plate 3 is a composite material mainly composed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics).
- CFRP Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
- the number of layers of the composite material used for the front portion 3a is determined by the strength to be borne, and is, for example, about several tens.
- the rear part 3c of the lower outer plate 3 is a composite material mainly composed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), like the front part 3a.
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- the number of layers of the composite material used for the rear portion 3c is determined by the strength to be borne, and is, for example, about several tens.
- the central portion 3b of the lower outer plate 3 is a composite material mainly composed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP).
- a plurality of access holes (holes) 5 are formed in the central portion 3b at predetermined intervals along the extending direction of the main wing 1 for use when checking or assembling the fuel tank provided in the main wing 1. Yes.
- the center part 3b is a structural member with a hole.
- the access hole 5 is not formed in the front part 3a and the back part 3c mentioned above.
- the central portion 3b has a constant thickness, and has a larger number of layers than the front portion 3a and the rear portion 3c, and is thickened accordingly.
- the orientation ratio of the carbon fibers in the central portion 3b is mainly ⁇ 45 ° when the extending direction of the main wing 1 is 0 °. That is, the orientation ratio of ⁇ 45 ° is larger than that of the front portion 3a and the rear portion 3c, and each fiber direction is set so that, for example, the orientation ratio of ⁇ 45 ° is 70% or more, preferably 80% or more. A plurality of sheets are laminated. Furthermore, in order to reduce the tensile rigidity in the 0 ° direction, the fiber in the 0 ° direction may be changed from carbon fiber to glass fiber (Glass fiber) or aramid fiber (Aramid fiber).
- the central portion 3b of the lower outer plate 3 has an access hole 5 and is stress-concentrated, although the burden ratio of the strength in the longitudinal direction is smaller than that of the front portion 3a and the rear portion 3c.
- board thickness becomes thicker than the rear part 3c. In such a case, the coupling method shown in FIGS. 4 to 6 is applied.
- the tapered portion 3e is formed at the end portion of the front portion 3a (or the rear portion 3c) near the dividing surface 4.
- the thickened portion 3d formed by gradually increasing the thickness is provided.
- board thickness of the center part 3b, the front part 3a, and the back part 3c becomes equivalent, and it can fix stably through the stringer 26 interposed.
- the stringer 26 and the lower surface plate 3 are fixed by bolts, nuts, and the like at the positions indicated by the alternate long and short dash lines.
- attachment after hardening both the stringer 26 and the lower surface outer plate 3 (center part 3c, the front part 3a, and the rear part 3c), it adhere
- a co-bond method in which an adhesive is inserted between the stringer 26 after curing and the lower outer plate 3 before curing, and then is integrally cured by applying temperature and / or pressure.
- a co-cure method is used in which the adhesive is inserted between the stringer 26 before curing and the lower outer plate 3 before curing, and then cured integrally by applying temperature and / or pressure. It is done.
- Such an adhesion method can also be applied to the bonding method shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 described below.
- the dividing surface 4 may be provided so as to be inclined with respect to the thickness direction.
- the dividing surface 4 is inclined as described above, the area where the central portion 3b and the front portion 3a (or the rear portion 3c) overlap and come into contact with each other increases, so that more stable coupling can be achieved.
- Such a dividing surface 4 can also be applied to the coupling method of FIGS. 5 and 6 described below.
- a filler 44 is interposed between the stringer 26 and the front part 3a (or the rear part 3c) in order to absorb the difference in thickness between the central part 3b and the front part 3a (or the rear part 3c). It was.
- a fiber-reinforced composite material similar to the front portion 3a or the like can be used, or a titanium alloy or the like can also be used.
- FIG. 5A shows a method of fixing the stringer 26 and the lower outer plate 3 (the center portion 3b, the front portion 3a and the rear portion 3c) only by the fastener 40, as in FIG. 4A. .
- FIG. 5B shows a method in which an adhesive portion 46 is provided between the filler 44 and the front portion 3 a (or the rear portion 3 c) and further fixed by the fastener 40.
- FIG. 5 (c) shows a method in which an adhesive portion 48 is provided and fixed between the stringer 26 and the central portion 3b and the front portion 3a (or the rear portion 3c) in addition to FIG. 5 (b).
- FIG. 5D shows a method in which the fastener 40 used in FIG. 5C is omitted, and the fixing is performed only by bonding at the bonding portions 46 and 48.
- FIG. 6 the shape of the stringer 26 is changed in order to absorb the plate thickness difference between the central portion 3b and the front portion 3a (or the rear portion 3c). Specifically, the plate thickness of the flange 26a on the front part 3a (or rear part 3c) side of the stringer 26 is made thicker than the flange 26b on the center part 3b side, and the lower surface of the flange 26a is positioned on the front part 3a side. It was.
- FIG. 6A shows a method of fixing the stringer 26 and the lower outer plate 3 (the center portion 3b, the front portion 3a, and the rear portion 3c) only by the fastener 40, as in FIG. 4A. .
- FIG. 6A shows a method of fixing the stringer 26 and the lower outer plate 3 (the center portion 3b, the front portion 3a, and the rear portion 3c) only by the fastener 40, as in FIG. 4A. .
- FIG. 6B shows a fixing method using both the fastener 40 and the bonding at the bonding portion 42 as in FIG. 4B.
- FIG. 6C shows a method of fixing only by bonding at the bonding portion 42 without using the fastener 40, similarly to FIG. 4C.
- the central portion 3b is mainly composed of fibers having a ⁇ 45 ° orientation as compared with the front portion 3a and the rear portion 3c, and is a composite material having low rigidity against a tensile load in the 0 ° direction. . Therefore, since only a small tensile load is applied to the central portion 3b compared to the front portion 3a and the rear portion 3c, the required strength of the peripheral portion of the access hole 5 is reduced. That is, the number of stacked layers can be reduced (thinner thickness is reduced) as compared with the case where the composite material having the orientation ratio used for the front portion 3a and the rear portion 3c is used for the central portion.
- the number of the central portion 3b is larger (thicker) than the number of the front portion 3a and the rear portion 3c. Further, since the central portion 3b is mainly ⁇ 45 °, the rigidity in the shear direction, that is, the torsional rigidity is enhanced. Accordingly, the central portion 3b bears a torsional load without bearing an axial force (tensile load). In the load applied to the main wing 1, the torsional load is as small as about 30% of the tensile load. Therefore, the thickness of the central portion 3b is shown in FIG. There is no need to increase the thickness.
- the central portion 3b is a separate member from the front portion 3a and the rear portion 3c, so that peeling as described with reference to FIG. 8 does not occur. That is, even if there are steps in the thickness direction between the central part 3b and the front part 3a and the rear part 3c, each laminated sheet is divided by the central part 3c, the front part 3a and the rear part 3c. This is because the tensile force is not transmitted between the portions 3a, 3b, 3c.
- the weight can be reduced by this amount.
- this embodiment demonstrated the application to the lower surface outer plate 3 of the main wing 1, this invention is not limited to this, If it is a composite material structure which has a hole, it can apply widely.
- the same configuration as that of the lower surface outer plate 3 may be applied to the upper surface outer plate constituting the torque box together with the lower surface outer plate 3.
- a compressive load is applied to the upper surface outer plate, but the peripheral edge of the hole formed in the central part is set by making the compressive strength of the central part in which the hole is formed smaller than the front part and the rear part. The concentrated stress applied to the part can be relaxed.
- the same material as that of the central portion 3b of the above-described embodiment is applied to the central portion 12 of the aircraft fuselage 10 in which the window holes 11 in which the window material is installed are formed, and the other portions adjacent to each other.
- the same material as that of the front part 3a and the rear part 3c of the above embodiment may be applied to the member 13.
- bending load that is, tensile load and compressive load
- the concentrated stress applied to the peripheral portion of the window hole 11 formed in the central portion 12 can be relaxed.
- CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
- GFRP glass fiber reinforced plastic
- AFRP Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic
- Main wing 3 Lower skin (composite structure) 3a Front part (adjacent structural member) 3b Center part (structural member with hole) 3c Rear part (adjacent structural member) 5 Access hole (hole)
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Abstract
Description
しかし、図8のような構造は、上記特許文献1のようなピンやスティッチを施す工程を不要とするものの、アクセスホール102の補強のみの観点からするとテーパ部分104bは本来不要であり、重量増の原因となっている。
本発明の複合材構造体は、一方向に延在するとともに孔が形成された繊維強化プラスチック製の複合材とされた孔付き構造部材と、前記一方向に延在するとともに前記孔付き構造部材の側部に接続された繊維強化プラスチック製の複合材とされた隣接構造部材と、を備え、前記一方向に引張り荷重および/または圧縮荷重が負荷される複合材構造体であって、前記孔付き構造部材の前記一方向における引張り剛性および/または圧縮剛性が、前記隣接構造部材の前記一方向における引張り剛性および/または引張り剛性よりも小さいことを特徴とする。
また、孔付き構造部材の一方向における圧縮剛性が、隣接構造部材の一方向における圧縮剛性よりも小さい場合には、圧縮荷重は隣接構造部材が主として負担することになる。したがって、孔付き構造部材に加わる圧縮荷重が相対的に小さくなるので、孔を形成する周縁部に加わる応力集中が緩和される。これにより、孔付き構造部材を隣接構造部材と同等の圧縮剛性にした場合に比べて、孔周縁部の補強を少なくすることができる。
さらに、複合材構造部材に引張り荷重および圧縮荷重が加わる場合(すなわち曲げ荷重が加わる場合)には、孔付き構造部材の一方向における引張り剛性および圧縮剛性を、隣接構造部材の一方向における引張り剛性および圧縮剛性よりも小さくして、引張り荷重および圧縮荷重を隣接構造部材が主として負担することとすればよい。
なお、「±30°以上±60°以下の方向、好ましくは±45°方向に配向された繊維を主体とする」とは、一般に用いられる複合材(例えば、隣接構造部材)よりも±30°以上±60°以下の方向、好ましくは±45°方向の繊維の配合率が高いことを意味する。例えば、航空機の主翼に用いられる通常の複合材は、±45°方向の繊維の配合率は60%程度((0°,+45°,-45°,90°)=(30%,30%,30%,10%))とされるが、これよりも大きい配合率、例えば70%以上、好ましくは80%以上を意味する。
また、孔付き構造部材の0°方向の剛性を更に低下させるために、0°方向の繊維を、±30°以上±60°以下の方向、好ましくは±45°方向の繊維よりも剛性が小さい材料とすることが好ましい。例えば、±30°以上±60°以下の方向、好ましくは±45°方向に炭素繊維を用いた場合には、0°方向にガラス繊維やアラミド繊維を用いる。
図1には、航空機の主翼1の下面外板3が示されている。下面外板3は、繊維強化プラスチック(FRP:Fiber Reinforced Plastics)製の複合材構造体で形成されている。同図に示した破線は、フラップやスラット等を含む主翼1の外形線を示している。
また、ボックス構造とされた主翼1の内部には、その内部空間を長手方向において複数に分割するようにリブ28が設けられている。リブ28は、主翼1の幅方向(長手方向に直交する方向)にわたって延在した板状とされており、長手方向に所定間隔を有して複数配置されている。図3に示すように、各リブ28の前後の端部は、それぞれ、フロントスパー20及びリアスパー22に対してボルト・ナット等の所定のファスナ30によって固定されている。
中央部3bは、図1(b)に示されているように、一定厚とされており、前方部3a及び後方部3cよりも積層数が多く、その分だけ厚くされている。
中央部3bの炭素繊維の配向の比率は、前方部3a及び後方部3cとは異なり、主翼1の延在方向を0°とした場合、±45°を主体としたものとなっている。つまり、前方部3a及び後方部3cよりも±45°の配向比率を大きくしており、例えば±45°の配向比率を70%以上、好ましくは80%以上となるように、各繊維方向を有する複数のシートが積層されて構成されている。さらに、0°方向の引張り剛性を低下させるために、0°方向の繊維を炭素繊維からガラス繊維(Glass fiber)やアラミド繊維(Aramid fiber)に変更しても良い。
中央部3bは、本実施形態によれば前方部3a及び後方部3cよりも長手方向の強度の負担割合が小さくなるとはいえ、アクセスホール5が形成されており応力集中があるので、前方部3a及び後方部3cよりも板厚が厚くなる。このような場合、図4乃至図6に示した結合方法が適用される。
ストリンガ26と、下面外板3(中央部3c,前方部3a及び後方部3c)との固定は、図4(a)に示すように、一点鎖線で示した位置に、ボルト・ナット等から構成されるファスナ40によって行われる。
また、図4(b)に示すように、ストリンガ26と下面外板3(中央部3c,前方部3a及び後方部3c)との間の接着部42にて接着させた後に、ファスナ40によって固定する方法としてもよい。
また、図4(c)に示すように、ファスナを用いずに接着部42における接着のみによって固定する方法としてもよい。
図5(a)は、図4(a)と同様に、ファスナ40のみによってストリンガ26と下面外板3(中央部3b、前方部3a及び後方部3c)とを固定する方法が示されている。
図5(b)は、フィラー44と前方部3a(又は後方部3c)との間に接着部46を設け、さらにファスナ40によって固定する方法が示されている。
図5(c)は、図5(b)に加え、ストリンガ26と中央部3b及び前方部3a(又は後方部3c)との間に、接着部48を設けて固定する方法が示されている。
図5(d)は、図5(c)で用いていたファスナ40を省略し、接着部46,48における接着のみによって固定する方法が示されている。
図6(a)は、図4(a)と同様に、ファスナ40のみによってストリンガ26と下面外板3(中央部3b、前方部3a及び後方部3c)とを固定する方法が示されている。
図6(b)は、図4(b)と同様に、ファスナ40と、接着部42における接着の両方を用いた固定方法が示されている。
図6(c)は、図4(c)と同様に、ファスナ40を用いずに接着部42における接着のみによって固定する方法が示されている。
飛行時、主翼1には、その先端が上向きに変位するように荷重が加わる。したがって、主翼1の下面外板3には、その延在方向(0°方向)に引張り荷重が加わる。0°方向の引張り荷重は、中央部3bではなく、下面外板3の前方部3a及び後方部3cが主として負担する。なぜなら、中央部3bは、前方部3a及び後方部3cに比べて±45°配向の繊維が主体とされており0°方向の引張り荷重に対して剛性が低い複合材とされているからである。したがって、中央部3bには、前方部3a及び後方部3cに比べて小さな引張り荷重しか加わらないので、アクセスホール5の周縁部の必要強度が下がる。つまり、前方部3a及び後方部3cに用いた配向比率の複合材を中央部に用いた場合に比べて、積層数を少なく(厚さを薄く)することができる。ただし、アクセスホール5の周縁部に加わる集中応力を負担する必要はあるので、中央部3bの積層数は前方部3a及び後方部3cの積層数よりも多く(厚く)なっている。
また、中央部3bは、±45°を主体としているので、剪断方向の剛性すなわち捩り剛性については強化されている。したがって、中央部3bは、軸力(引張り荷重)を負担せず、捩り荷重を負担するようになっている。なお、主翼1に加わる荷重において、捩り荷重は引張り荷重に対して30%程度と小さいので、中央部3bの厚さは、下面外板の引張り荷重がアクセスホール周縁部にそのまま加わる図8に示した場合ほど増厚する必要はない。
例えば、下面外板3とともにトルクボックスを構成する上面外板に、下面外板3と同様の構成を適用しても良い。この場合、上面外板には圧縮荷重が加わることになるが、孔が形成された中央部の圧縮強度を前方部および後方部よりも小さくしておくことにより、中央部に形成した孔の周縁部に加わる集中応力を緩和することができる。
また、上記実施形態では、主として炭素繊維強化プラスチック(CFRP)を主として用いることとしたが、本発明はこれに限定されず、例えばガラス繊維強化プラスチック(GFRP:Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic)やアラミド繊維強化プラスチック(AFRP:Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic)を用いても良い。
3 下面外板(複合材構造体)
3a 前方部(隣接構造部材)
3b 中央部(孔付き構造部材)
3c 後方部(隣接構造部材)
5 アクセスホール(孔)
Claims (7)
- 一方向に延在するとともに孔が形成された繊維強化プラスチック製の複合材とされた孔付き構造部材と、
前記一方向に延在するとともに前記孔付き構造部材の側部に接続された繊維強化プラスチック製の複合材とされた隣接構造部材と、を備え、前記一方向に引張り荷重および/または圧縮荷重が負荷される複合材構造体であって、
前記孔付き構造部材の前記一方向における引張り剛性および/または圧縮剛性が、前記隣接構造部材の前記一方向における引張り剛性および/または圧縮剛性よりも小さいことを特徴とする複合材構造体。 - 前記孔付き構造部材は、前記一方向を0°とした場合に、±30°以上±60°以下の方向に配向された繊維を主体とする複合材とされていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合材構造体。
- 前記孔付き構造部材は、前記一方向を0°とした場合に、±45°方向に配向された繊維を主体とする複合材とされていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の複合材構造体。
- 航空機の主翼の下面外板が、該主翼の長手方向に延在する分割面を有する複数の複合材で構成され、
これら複合材のうち、前記下面外板に形成された前記孔としてアクセスホールを有する複合材が前記孔付き構造部材とされ、他の複合材が前記隣接構造部材とされていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の複合材構造体。 - 航空機の胴体の外板が、該胴体の長手方向に延在する分割面を有する複数の複合材で構成され、
これら複合材のうち、前記外板に形成された前記孔として窓用孔を有する複合材が前記孔付き構造部材とされ、他の複合材が前記隣接構造部材とされていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の複合材構造体。 - 請求項4に記載の複合材構造体を備えていることを特徴とする航空機主翼。
- 請求項5に記載の複合材構造体を備えていることを特徴とする航空機胴体。
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CN201080033977.3A CN102481971B (zh) | 2009-10-08 | 2010-10-05 | 复合材料构造体、具备该构造体的航空器主翼及航空器机身 |
JP2011535405A JP5308533B2 (ja) | 2009-10-08 | 2010-10-05 | 複合材構造体、これを備えた航空機主翼および航空機胴体 |
US13/386,737 US9108718B2 (en) | 2009-10-08 | 2010-10-05 | Composite-material structure and aircraft main wing and aircraft fuselage provided with the same |
CA2768957A CA2768957C (en) | 2009-10-08 | 2010-10-05 | Composite-material structure and aircraft main wing and aircraft fuselage provided with the same |
EP10822016.1A EP2487106B1 (en) | 2009-10-08 | 2010-10-05 | Composite material structure, as well as aircraft wing and fuselage provided therewith |
RU2012102328/11A RU2518927C2 (ru) | 2009-10-08 | 2010-10-05 | Конструкция из композиционного материала, основное крыло и фюзеляж летательного аппарата, содержащие указанную конструкцию |
BR112012001714A BR112012001714B1 (pt) | 2009-10-08 | 2010-10-05 | asa principal de aeronave e fuselagem de aeronave |
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WO2013129122A1 (ja) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-06 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 複合材構造体、これを備えた航空機翼および航空機胴体、並びに複合材構造体の製造方法 |
JP2013180627A (ja) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 複合材構造体、これを備えた航空機翼および航空機胴体、並びに複合材構造体の製造方法 |
US20140377500A1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2014-12-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Composite structure, aircraft wing and aircraft fuselage including composite structure, and method of manufacturing composite structure |
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US9475568B2 (en) | 2012-02-29 | 2016-10-25 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Composite structure, aircraft wing and aircraft fuselage including composite structure, and method of manufacturing composite structure |
WO2021140861A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-10 | 2021-07-15 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 接合構造体及び接合構造体の製造方法 |
JP2021109389A (ja) * | 2020-01-10 | 2021-08-02 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 接合構造体及び接合構造体の製造方法 |
JP7377722B2 (ja) | 2020-01-10 | 2023-11-10 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 接合構造体及び接合構造体の製造方法 |
US12103244B2 (en) | 2020-01-10 | 2024-10-01 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Joint structure and method for manufacturing joint structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2768957A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
EP2487106B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
EP2487106A1 (en) | 2012-08-15 |
CA2768957C (en) | 2014-07-29 |
BR112012001714A2 (pt) | 2016-04-12 |
RU2518927C2 (ru) | 2014-06-10 |
RU2012102328A (ru) | 2013-11-20 |
JPWO2011043346A1 (ja) | 2013-03-04 |
CN102481971A (zh) | 2012-05-30 |
US20120121854A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
EP2487106A4 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
US9108718B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
BR112012001714B1 (pt) | 2020-04-07 |
JP5308533B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
CN102481971B (zh) | 2014-12-31 |
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