Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
  • A61K31/50—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines
  • A61K31/502—Pyridazines; Hydrogenated pyridazines ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. cinnoline, phthalazine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/02—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution from inanimate materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
  • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
  • A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
  • A61P35/02—Antineoplastic agents specific for leukemia

Definitions

• cell-cycle checkpoints are activated if DNA errors are detected (e.g. DNA damage). If these errors to the genome cannot be fixed, the cell normally undergoes apoptosis. However, if the cell is allowed to move through its cell-cycle and progress unchecked, then more mutations can accumulate over time. These gene modifications can accrue and eventually leading cell progeny with pre-malignant or malignant neoplastic characteristics (e.g. uncontrolled proliferation) through adaptation.
• anticancer agents including, without limitation, chemotherapeutic agents and antimitotic agents
• Resistance to anticancer agents has become a major drawback in the treatment of cancer.
• Such resistance has resulted in patients becoming cross-resistant to the effects of many different drugs. More particularly, multidrug resistence is a problem.
• resistance to anticancer treatment(s) inevitably leads to patient death. Consequently, development of drug resistance remains a problem with all anticancer therapies and, accordingly, there remains a need to identify a treatment for cancers which are no longer responsive, or are only marginally effective, to cancer treatments, including traditional treatment with chemotherapeutic agents, such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids, as well as anticancer agents undergoing clinical testing for regulatory approval.
• Figure 3 is a graph depicting the effect of AMG 900 and Taxol on MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231 Taxol-Resistant Cell Lines, Cell Cycle DNA Content EC 50 Values;
• Figure 4 is a graph illustrating how AMG 900 Inhibits the growth of established MES-SA Dx5 xenograft tumors;
• cancer is not limited to any one specific form of the disease, it is believed that the methods of the invention will be particularly effective for cancers, in a subject, which have become resistant in some degree to treatment with anti-cancer agents, including without limitation chemotherapeutic agents, antimitotic agents, anthracyclines and the like, and for cancers which have relapsed post treatment with such anti-cancer agents.
• anti-cancer agents including without limitation chemotherapeutic agents, antimitotic agents, anthracyclines and the like, and for cancers which have relapsed post treatment with such anti-cancer agents.
• Step 3 l-Chloro-4-(4-methylthiophen-2-yl)phthalazine 1,4-Dichlorophthalazine (1.40 g, 7.03 mmol), 4-methylthiophen-2-ylboronic acid (999 mg, 7.03 mmol), and PdCl 2 (DPPF) (721 mg, 985 ⁇ ) were added into a sealed tube. The tube was purged with Argon. Then sodium carbonate (2.0 M in water) (7.74 ml, 15.5 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (35.2 ml, 7.03 mmol) were added. The tube was sealed, stirred at RT for 5 min, and placed in a preheated oil bath at 110 °C.
• DPPF PdCl 2
• AMG 900 was tested for its ability to reduce or inhibit tumor progression in various cell lines (in-vitro) and multiple solid tumor types (in-vivo), some of which have previously been exposed to and developed resistance to standard-of-care antimitotic agents, including taxanes and vinca alkaloids, as well as to other chemotherapeutic agents.
• the following Examples and resulting data will illustrate the ability of AMG 900 to treat cancer, including cancer resistant to the presently standard-of-care therapies, including antimitotic agents, such as paclitaxel, and other drugs used in conjunction with chemotherapy, such as doxorubicin.
• the free base form of AMG 900 was used in the Examples described hereinbelow.
• Uterine tumor cell lines were treated with control (DMSO), AMG 900 or paclitaxel (taxol) over a 10-point dose range (0.0024 to 1.25 ⁇ ) for 24 hours. Cells were then fixed and stained with p-histone H3 antibody and counterstained with a DNA dye (Hoechest). Imaging-based analysis (ArrayScan VTi) was performed to measure the percentage of p-histone H3 positive cells. The dose-response curves represent either AMG 900 or taxol concentrations plotted against p-Histone H3 positive cells as a percentage of DMSO-treated control (POC). The EC 5 o values were calcaluted by 4- parameter fit model.
• Figure 2 Effect of AMG 900 and Taxol on NCI-H460 Parent and NCI-H460 Taxol-r Cell Lines, Cell Cycle DNA Content EC 50 values
• AMG 900-induced suppression of aurora kinase activity inhibits cell proliferation
• the antiproliferative efficacy of AMG 900 was evaluated in- vivo in multiple human cancer xenograft models, including breast, colon, leukemia, lung, pancreatic, and uterine cancer models, grown in athymic nude mice.
• Mice were administered AMG 900 orally at 3.75, 7.5, or 15 mg/kg BID for 2 consecutive days per week or 3 mg/kg BID everyday for the duration of the study beginning when tumors were established.
• the reagents, solutions, equipment, formulation of AMG 900, tumor volume measurements and calculations were generally as described in Example 4 below.
• AMG 900 was found to significantly inhibited tumor growth in all xenograft models tested compared with the vehicle control group (Table 4).
• AMG 900 Inhibits the Growth of Established MES-SA Dx5 Xenograft Tumors
• Test Compound AMG 900
• the inhibitors used for these experiments are compounds published and characterized in the literature. For example, see Expert Opinion Investigational Drugs (2009) 18 (4) pg 379-398; Expert Opinion Therapeutic Patents, (2009) 19 (3), pg 321- 356.
• a detailed safety, tolerability and pK profile, including chemical structure, of Danusertib (PHA-739358) in phase I in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors is available in Steeghs et al, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 27, 2009.
• mice All experimental procedures were conducted in accordance with Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and U.S. Department of Agriculture regulations.
• Four to six- week-old female athymic nude mice (Harlan Sprague Dawley) were housed in sterilized cages and maintained under aseptic conditions.
• the laboratory housing the animals provided alternating light and dark cycles (12 hours each) and met the standards of the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care specifications.
• Food, water, and nutritional supplements were offered ad libitum. All drugs were administered based on the individual body weight of each mouse.
• Fluorescence-based cell imaging assays All high-content cell assays were performed on an ArrayScan VTi HCS Reader (Cellomics). Tumor cell lines were treated with AMG 900, AZD1152, MK-0457, or PHA-739358 (concentration range varied based on potency). The cells were prepared for intracellular staining with an anti-p-histone H3 Ser 10 antibody as previously described (1). Detection was performed with an anti-rabbit IgG-alexa-568 antibody and DAPI. The cellular levels of p-histone H3 were analyzed using Target Activation V2 algorithm (Cellomics) to determine the percentage of positive cells. For the imaging assays, the concentration-response curves and corresponding IC 5 o and EC 5 o values were calculated using the percentage of cells affected versus the DMSO control.
• Cellomics Target Activation V2 algorithm
• RNA and genomic DNA were isolated from frozen HCT116 cell pellets (three AZD1152-resistant cell subclones and one parental cell control) using standard nucleic acid extraction methods. Total RNA was used to generate cDNA (Advantage RT-PCR kit, Clontech). PCR amplification of full length aurora-A and -B gene transcripts were performed using the Expand-polymerase-long-template kit (Roche). PCR primer pairs included: aurora-A
• Table 6 illustrates how AMG 900 exhibits uniform potency across multi-drug resistant tumor cell lines.
• Formulations for parenteral administration may be in the form of aqueous or nonaqueous isotonic sterile injection solutions or suspensions. These solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders or granules using one or more of the carriers or diluents mentioned for use in the formulations for oral administration or by using other suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
• AMG 900 may be dissolved in water, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethanol, corn oil, cottonseed oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, benzyl alcohol, sodium chloride, tragacanth gum, and/or various buffers. Other adjuvants and modes of administration are well and widely known in the pharmaceutical art.

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