WO2011024563A1 - プロテインz7含有量に基づいた大麦種の選抜方法及び麦芽発酵飲料 - Google Patents
プロテインz7含有量に基づいた大麦種の選抜方法及び麦芽発酵飲料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011024563A1 WO2011024563A1 PCT/JP2010/061456 JP2010061456W WO2011024563A1 WO 2011024563 A1 WO2011024563 A1 WO 2011024563A1 JP 2010061456 W JP2010061456 W JP 2010061456W WO 2011024563 A1 WO2011024563 A1 WO 2011024563A1
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- barley
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
- A01H1/045—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection using molecular markers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C1/00—Preparation of malt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6881—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for tissue or cell typing, e.g. human leukocyte antigen [HLA] probes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C2200/00—Special features
- C12C2200/01—Use of specific genetic variants of barley or other sources of fermentable carbohydrates for beer brewing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/13—Plant traits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/156—Polymorphic or mutational markers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for selecting barley seeds based on protein Z7 content and a fermented malt beverage.
- Protein Z7 belongs to the barley serine protease inhibitor (serpin) subfamily together with protein Z4 and protein Zx. These proteins belonging to the serpin subfamily are thought to be involved in a mechanism that protects living organisms when barley seeds are infected with mold or the like. However, the function still has many unclear points (Non-patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 There has been little research on the relationship between protein Z7 and beer froth, and there are only a few reports (Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 5).
- Patent Document 1 there is a correlation between the protein Z7 concentration contained in barley seeds, malt, wort, malt fermented beverage or malt fermented raw material liquid or fermented raw material liquid and NIBEM value serving as an index of foam retention It is described that there is a relationship, and a method for determining the goodness of foam based on the protein Z7 concentration is disclosed.
- Non-Patent Document 5 describes that as a result of investigating the relationship between malt protein Z7 content and foam retention, no significant correlation was found between protein Z7 and foam retention. A conclusion different from 1 is obtained.
- Protein Z7 has been suggested to be involved in industrially useful functions, such as being involved in biological defense mechanisms when barley is infected, and in beer foam retention, but sufficient research has been conducted. I cannot say that. In order to accurately analyze the effect of protein Z7 content on the traits of barley, it is necessary to establish a method that can accurately select barley with high and / or low protein Z7 content.
- the method for determining the beer persistence disclosed in Patent Document 1 is based on measuring the protein Z7 concentration at the protein level. Compared to methods based on NIBEM value measurements, the effects of temperature, weather, and man-made factors can be eliminated, but can be affected by variations in protein levels. When trying to apply to the breeding of barley suitable for beer with good foam, it is necessary to screen several hundred barley individuals, especially closer to the early stage of barley breeding, the method disclosed in Patent Document 1 Is not suitable for processing such large quantities of specimens.
- the molecular selection technology has advanced in the breeding of various crops, not limited to barley.
- selection by DNA markers using DNA polymorphism is actively researched because it is possible to select in the early generation of breeding, it is excellent in operability, and can be analyzed in leaves. Development is underway.
- a DNA marker serving as an index for the content of barley protein Z7 is not known.
- the present invention is suitable for application to barley breeding, which is easy to work, can process multiple specimens in a short time, and can accurately select barley seeds based on protein Z7 content.
- the purpose is to provide a method for selecting barley varieties.
- the present invention also aims to provide a method for producing a malt fermented beverage made from barley seeds selected based on the protein Z7 content, and a malt fermented beverage.
- the present invention relates to a selection method for selecting barley varieties based on the content of protein Z7, and in the test barley varieties, multiple alignments of base sequences in the region surrounding the Haruna and Kendall barley protein Z7 loci Identify one or more genotypes for each of the identified polymorphic marker A and the polymorphic marker B identified by multiple alignment of the base sequence of the Haruna and Barke barley protein Z7 loci And the selection method which implements the following (i) and / or (ii) is provided.
- a test barley species whose identified genotype matches the Haruna type genotype is selected as a barley species having a high protein Z7 content.
- the identified genotype is a Kendall type or Barke type genotype.
- Test barley varieties that match the above are selected as barley varieties with low protein Z7 content
- the “Haruna type” refers to a genotype of a selection polymorphic marker selected from the group consisting of the polymorphic marker A and the polymorphic marker B present in the region around the barley protein Z7 locus.
- Barley represents a barley species that matches the genotype of Haruna Nijo.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 As an example of the base sequence of the “Haruna type” barley protein Z7 locus peripheral region, there may be mentioned the base sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- “Kendall type” and “Barke type” mean that the genotypes of the selection polymorphic markers existing in the region around the barley protein Z7 locus are barley CDC Kendall species and barley, respectively. Represents a barley species consistent with the genotype of Barke species.
- Examples of the base sequences of the “Kendall-type” and “Barke-type” barley protein Z7 locus peripheral regions include the base sequences shown by SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3.
- a polymorphic marker A By aligning the base sequence of the “Haruna-type” barley protein Z7 locus and the base sequence of the “Kendall-type” barley protein Z7 locus, a polymorphic marker A can be specified. Similarly, the base sequence where the bases do not match can be obtained by multiple alignment of the base sequence of the “Haruna type” barley protein Z7 locus and the base sequence of the “Barke type” barley protein Z7 locus. It can be specified as polymorphic marker B.
- the genotype is identified for one or more of the polymorphic markers A, and the genotype is identified for one or more of the polymorphic markers B.
- the genotype is identified for one or more of the polymorphic markers A
- the genotype is identified for one or more of the polymorphic markers B.
- the selection method described above utilizes a novel selection polymorphic marker that correlates with the barley protein Z7 content in the barley tissue, it is possible to accurately select the test barley species based on the protein Z7 content. it can.
- the selection method described above can be a selection method that is excellent in operability and can simultaneously process multiple samples in a short time.
- the present invention also relates to a selection method for selecting barley varieties having a low protein Z7 content, wherein, in the test barley varieties, multiple alignments of nucleotide sequences in the vicinity of the Haruna and Kendall barley protein Z7 loci Identification of at least one genotype of polymorphic marker A identified by, and polymorphic marker B identified by multiple alignment of base sequences in the region surrounding the Haruna and Barke barley protein Z7 loci A selection method for carrying out the following (iii) or (iv) is provided. (Iii) A test barley species whose genotype of the identified polymorphic marker A matches the Kendall genotype is selected as a barley species having a low protein Z7 content. (Iv) The genotype of the identified polymorphic marker B Selects barley varieties that match the Barke genotype as barley varieties with low protein Z7 content
- the genotype is identified for at least one of the polymorphic marker A and polymorphic marker B. Selecting a test barley species whose genotype of the identified polymorphic marker A matches the Kendall type, or selecting a test barley species whose genotype of the identified polymorphic marker B matches the genotype of the Barke type Can select barley varieties with low protein Z7 content.
- the genotype is identified by at least one polymorphic marker for selection selected from the group consisting of the polymorphic marker A and the polymorphic marker B amplified by PCR using the genomic DNA of the test barley species as a template. Preferably, this is done with a polynucleotide comprising one.
- the above polynucleotide reproduces the base sequence of genomic DNA, it can be preferably used for genotype identification.
- the amount of plant tissue sample required for analysis is small, it is particularly suitable for selection at the initial stage of breeding.
- the genotype can be identified more easily because there are a large number of base sequences to be analyzed in the sample. it can.
- the polymorphic marker A is the 62nd, 93th to 94th positions (representing a gap), 94th, 96th, 98th, 113th, 116th of the nucleotide sequence identified by SEQ ID NO: 1. , 123rd, 148th, 151st, 153rd, 156th, 159th, 160th-186th, 217th, 231st, 239th, 246-247th, It can be a base site corresponding to the 253rd, 305-306th, 378th or 422nd base.
- the polymorphic marker B is the 260 th, 262 th, 305 to 306 th, 343 th, 378 th, 386 th or 422 th position of the base sequence identified by SEQ ID NO: 1. It can be a base site corresponding to a base.
- a polynucleotide containing at least one of the selection polymorphic markers is digested with one or more restriction enzymes containing at least one of the selection polymorphic markers in a recognition sequence. It is preferable to carry out based on the number and / or size of the fragments obtained.
- the step of discriminating the base type of the polymorphic marker for selection can be carried out only by basic and easy operations such as restriction enzyme digestion and detection of the number and / or size of fragments after digestion. Further, since the genotype of the selection polymorphic marker can be identified in a short time, it is more suitable for the treatment of multiple specimens. Furthermore, the cost for genotype identification can be kept low.
- the restriction enzyme containing at least one of the selection polymorphic markers in the recognition sequence recognizes the selection polymorphic marker corresponding to the 253rd and 343rd bases of the base sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the restriction enzyme contained therein may be BglII or HinfI.
- a primer pair having the base sequences specified by SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 9 is used for PCR, and a polynucleotide containing the selection polymorphic marker corresponding to the 253rd and 343rd bases is amplified. be able to.
- the present invention also provides a barley seed selection kit based on the content of protein Z7, which includes a primer pair having the base sequences specified by SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 9.
- a polynucleotide comprising a selection polymorphic marker corresponding to the 253rd and 343rd bases by the PCR method Amplification can be performed efficiently.
- the present invention provides a barley seed of a progeny line that can be obtained by crossing a barley seed selected as a barley seed having a low protein Z7 content by the above selection method.
- the barley varieties selected by the above selection method are barley varieties whose genotype of the selection polymorphic marker is “Kendall type” or “Barke type”, and when they are crossed between the selected barley varieties, the progeny line
- the barley seed genotype is almost certainly identical to the parent barley seed genotype. Therefore, traits relating to protein Z7 content are also passed on to progeny lines.
- the present invention is a method for producing a malt fermented beverage comprising at least a preparation step and a fermentation step, wherein the barley seed used in the preparation step matches the Kendall type or Barke type genotype by the selection method.
- a method for producing a malt fermented beverage which is a barley seed of a progeny line that can be obtained by crossing the barley seed selected as a barley seed and / or the barley seed.
- the present invention also provides a malt fermented beverage obtainable by the above production method.
- the barley seeds selected as test barley seeds that match the Kendall type or Barke type genotypes by the selection method of the present invention have a low protein Z7 content, so malt produced from the raw materials derived from these barley seeds
- the fermented beverage can be made excellent in foam retention.
- the selection method of the present invention it is excellent in operability, easy to work, can process many samples in a short time, and can accurately select barley varieties based on the content of protein Z7 at the initial stage of breeding. it can.
- the selection method of the present invention enables selection of barley varieties having good foaminess based on the content of protein Z7, the selected barley varieties, and barley varieties of mating progenies that can be obtained by crossing them.
- a fermented malt fermented beverage can be produced.
- the breeded varieties are required to have high quality in all aspects of barley, malt, and malt fermented drinks (for example, beer).
- a certain amount or more of a sample is required for the evaluation of beer quality, it can be evaluated only at the later stage of the breeding process.
- foam retention the quality of foam retention is judged in the brewing test, but it generally takes about 10 years to reach the brewing test. Therefore, the selection method of the present invention, which allows selection of barley seeds for properties relating to beer quality (foam retention) at the initial stage of breeding, is very effective.
- the present invention provides a selection method for selecting barley seeds having a high protein Z7 content and low barley seeds.
- the region around the barley protein Z7 locus of the polymorphic marker A, the Haruna type and the Barke type identified by multiple alignment of the nucleotide sequences of the region around the Haruna and Kendall barley protein Z7 gene loci A polymorphic marker B identified by multiple alignment of the nucleotide sequences is obtained.
- test barley species one or more genotypes are identified for each of the polymorphic marker A and polymorphic marker B, and the test barley species whose genotype matches the Haruna type genotype contains protein Z7 A barley species having a high amount is selected, or a test barley species whose genotype matches the Kendall type or Barke type genotype is selected as a barley species having a low protein Z7 content.
- the region around the barley protein Z7 gene locus includes not only the region where exons and introns of the barley protein Z7 gene are present, but also the region where DNA sequences involved in transcriptional control are present and the surrounding region.
- the region around the barley protein Z7 locus can be within 5 cM upstream of the ATG sequence corresponding to the initiation codon, preferably within 1 cM, preferably within 0.01 cM. More preferably, it is more preferably within a range of 0.0001 cM. Further, it can be within 5 cM downstream of the TAG sequence corresponding to the stop codon, preferably within 1 cM, more preferably within 0.01 cM, and within 0.0001 cM. More preferably.
- cM centiorgan
- the probability of recombination is 5% or less, if it is within 1 cM, the probability is 1% or less, and if it is within 0.01 cM, the probability is 0.01. %, And if it is within 0.0001 cM, the probability is 0.0001% or less. Therefore, the correlation between the polymorphic marker for selection within this range and the content of protein Z7 was kept at a high probability. Will be. Therefore, by setting the selection polymorphic marker within this range, the test barley species can be selected based on the protein Z7 content in a statistically significant manner.
- Base sequence information of the region around the barley protein Z7 locus is obtained by, for example, amplifying a polynucleotide from the region around the barley protein Z7 locus by PCR using DNA extracted from barley seeds as a template, and the amplified polynucleotide is used as necessary. And the nucleotide sequence of this polynucleotide is determined by sequence analysis.
- DNA may be extracted from any part of barley, and barley leaves, stems, roots, seeds and the like can be used as a DNA source.
- a method for extracting DNA from these tissues an extraction method widely used for DNA extraction of plants can be used.
- commercially available DNA extraction kits can also be used suitably.
- the base sequence of the primer pair used for PCR using the extracted DNA as a template obtain the (partial) base sequence of the genome corresponding to the region around the barley protein Z7 locus registered in databases such as NCBI and Gene Bank. It can design based on the base sequence information. Parameter settings such as the base sequence length, base sequence, and GC content of each primer are within the range of ordinary trial and error by those skilled in the art and can be determined as appropriate.
- a PCR method a method for purifying an amplified polynucleotide, and a sequence analysis method, methods widely used in the technical field can be applied, and can be carried out according to a conventional method.
- the base sequence can be changed.
- Polynucleotides corresponding to flanking regions that are unknown can be amplified.
- Base sequence information that is not registered in the database can be obtained by sequence analysis of the amplified polynucleotide.
- a method such as Inverse PCR can be used as a method for obtaining an adjacent region whose base sequence is unknown.
- the polymorphic marker A of the present invention can be identified by multiple alignment of the base sequence of the Haruna-type barley protein Z7 locus and the base sequence of the Kendall-type barley protein Z7 locus.
- the polymorphic marker B can be identified by multiple alignment of the base sequence of the Haruna type barley protein Z7 locus and the base sequence of the Barke type barley protein Z7 locus.
- the base sequence of the region around the Haruna-type barley protein Z7 gene locus can be obtained by the above-described method for determining base sequence information, typically using two kinds of barley Haruna species. It is also possible to use barley varieties other than Haruna Nijo varieties, and such barley varieties are not limited to these, but include, but are not limited to, Saitama Nijo, Tone Nijo, Nasu Nijo, Kinu Yutaka, Mikamo Golden , Ryofu, Ryoun, Commander, Keel, Nijo Nijo, Asaka Gold, Misato Golden, Hokkaido Shiveri, Harlington, CDC Reserve, CDC Copeland, CDC Meredith, CDC Aurora Nijo, CDC Select, Gaid etc.
- the base sequence of the region around the Kendall-type barley protein Z7 gene locus can be typically obtained by the method for determining the base sequence information described above using the barley CDC Kendall species.
- Barley varieties other than CDC Kendall can also be used, and such barley varieties include, but are not limited to, Hoshimari, Betses, AC Metcalf, CDC Polar Star, Newdale, SloopSA, Scarlett, Cellar, Examples include Prior, Chevallier, Hanna, Golden Melon, Amagi Nijo, Akagi Nijo, Seijo No.1, Asahi No.5, Clipper, Schooner, Franklin, Lofty Nijo, Baudin, and Timori.
- the base sequence of the region around the Barke-type barley protein Z7 gene locus can be typically obtained by the method for determining the base sequence information described above using a barley Barke species.
- species can also be used, although such barley seed
- multiple alignment refers to a sequence in which base sequences are aligned with appropriate blanks (gaps) so that corresponding base sequence portions are aligned so that the base sequences can be compared with each other. .
- a known multiple alignment creation program can be used. For example, Clustal W, Clustal X, etc. can be suitably used.
- ⁇ ⁇ Multiple alignment can identify base sites where bases do not match.
- the identified base site can be used as a polymorphic marker for selection.
- transduced in order to optimize alignment in this invention, it specifies as a base site
- Figure 1 shows an example of multiple alignment.
- Barley Haruna Nijo species (labeled Harun; SEQ ID NO: 1), Harrington species (labeled Harri), CDC Copelland species (labeled Copel), CDC Kendall species (labeled Kenda; labeled SEQ ID NO: 2), Barke species (labeled Barke)
- SEQ ID NO: 3 The base sequence of the region surrounding the protein Z7 locus of SEQ ID NO: 3) is multiple aligned.
- the 62nd, 93th to 94th (representing a gap), 94th, 96th, 98th, 113th, 116th, 123rd, 148th, 151st, 153rd, 156th, 159th, 160-186th, 217th, 231st, 239th,
- the base site corresponding to the 246-247th, 253rd, 305-306th, 378th or 422nd base can be identified.
- the 260th, 262nd, 305-306th, 343th, 378th, 386th, or 422th position of the base sequence identified by SEQ ID NO: 1 A base site corresponding to the base can be identified.
- corresponding used in the base site corresponding to the 422nd base means that when multiple alignments are made, the bases are aligned or can be aligned.
- Identification of the genotype of the selection polymorphic marker in the test barley varieties can be achieved by, for example, determining the base type of the base site to be the selection polymorphic marker, determining the presence or absence of the selection polymorphic marker, etc. It can be carried out.
- determine the base type for example, determine the base type by sequence analysis, determine the base type based on the presence or absence of a restriction enzyme recognition sequence, and determine the base type by hybridization using a perfect match probe or mismatch probe. Etc.
- the selection polymorphic markers can be classified into three types (Table 1).
- the type 1 selection polymorphic marker is different from the Haruna genotype (genotype 1), the Kendall type and the Barke type genotype (genotype 2), and the Kendall type and Barke type genotypes (genes).
- the type 2 selection polymorphic marker has a Haruna type and a Barke type genotype (genotype 1) that match, and only the Kendall genotype (genotype 2) differs from the others. That is, the type 2 selection polymorphic marker can be used only as the polymorphic marker A.
- the type 3 selection polymorphic marker has a Haruna type and a Kendall type genotype (genotype 1) that are identical, and only the Barke type genotype (genotype 2) is different from the others. That is, the type 3 selection polymorphic marker can be used only as the polymorphic marker B.
- Abbreviations in the genotype 1 and genotype 2 columns of Table 1 mean H: Haruna type, K: Kendall type, and B: Barke type, respectively.
- Haruna type and Kendall type test barley species can be classified. However, in this case, the Barke type test barley varieties can be classified as either Haruna type or Kendall type. Similarly, Haruna type and Barke type test barley species can be classified by selecting the test barley species based on the genotype of the polymorphic marker B, but the Kendall type test barley species is Haruna. It can be classified as either a type or a Barke type.
- the test barley variety at least one genotype is identified for polymorphic marker A, and at least one genotype is identified for polymorphic marker B, and these identified genotypes are:
- Haruna type, Kendall type, and Barke type genotypes the test barley species can be classified into Haruna type, Kendall type or Barke type. That is, based on the genotype, the test barley varieties are accurately classified into barley varieties with high protein Z7 content (matched with Haruna type) and barley varieties with low protein Z7 content (matched with Kendall type or Barke type). It becomes possible to classify into.
- one or more genotypes are identified for each of polymorphic marker A and polymorphic marker B.
- at least one polymorphic marker for selection of type 1 shown in Table 1 is used.
- Genotype identification may be performed for at least one, or at least one genotype identification may be performed for each of type 2 and type 3 shown in Table 1. Since the polymorphic marker for selection of type 1 is polymorphic marker A and polymorphic marker B, by identifying the genotype of at least one, each of polymorphic marker A and polymorphic marker B One or more genotypes will be identified.
- one or more genotypes may be identified for at least one of polymorphic marker A and polymorphic marker B.
- the test barley seed can be selected as a barley seed having a low protein Z7 content.
- Protein Z7 content may vary depending on the year of barley breed even in the same variety. Therefore, when comparing the protein Z7 content between barley varieties of different production years, it is difficult to judge with an absolute numerical value.
- barley haruna Nijo varieties that are representative of barley varieties with a high protein Z7 content It is desirable to compare the protein Z7 content with respect to the total amount of protein in the seeds.
- the barley seed having a high protein Z7 content is a barley seed having a numerical value of 0.50 or more with respect to the protein Z7 content of Baruna Haruna Nijo, for example, preferably 0.60. It is the barley seed
- barley varieties having a low protein Z7 content are barley varieties having a protein Z7 content of 0.50 or less with respect to the total amount of protein in the seeds for the barley Haruna Nijo varieties, preferably 0.40. It is the barley seed
- DNA may be extracted from sites such as leaves, stems, roots, seeds, etc. of barley seeds to be tested, but it is preferable to extract from leaves in consideration of selection at the breeding stage. By extracting from the leaves, barley having desirable traits can be selected at an early stage.
- a primer pair for PCR can be designed based on the base sequence in the peripheral region.
- the length of the polynucleotide amplified by this primer pair can be 20 to 30000 bp.
- the upper limit is preferably 10,000 bp, more preferably 3000 bp, and still more preferably 2000 bp .
- the lower limit is preferably 100 bp, more preferably 200 bp, and still more preferably 300 bp.
- a method for identifying the base type of the polymorphic marker for selection using the above-mentioned polynucleotide a method of decoding the base sequence by sequence analysis can be suitably used.
- genotype is identified by digesting the polynucleotide with one or more restriction enzymes containing the polymorphic marker for selection in the recognition sequence, and determining the number and / or size of the fragments obtained. Can also be done.
- the genotype can be identified based on whether or not the polynucleotide is cleaved by the restriction enzyme, depending on the genotype of the selection polymorphic marker. . Whether or not a polynucleotide is cleaved by a restriction enzyme can be judged from the number and / or size of fragments by fractionating the polynucleotide digested with the restriction enzyme.
- the primer pair used in the PCR method may be designed according to a general method, as described above. It can be carried out.
- the length of the polynucleotide amplified by the primer pair is preferably 5000 bp, more preferably 3000 bp, considering that fragments are detected by size fractionation after digestion with a restriction enzyme. And more preferably 2000 bp.
- the lower limit is preferably 100 bp, more preferably 200 bp, and still more preferably 300 bp.
- the digestion reaction with restriction enzymes can be performed at an optimal reaction temperature using a buffer solution optimal for each restriction enzyme.
- a method for detecting a fragment after restriction enzyme digestion by size fractionation agarose gel electrophoresis commonly used by those skilled in the art can be suitably employed.
- fragments can be detected by size fractionation by HPLC using a known appropriate column.
- a base identified by SEQ ID NO: 1 containing the above-described selection polymorphic marker in the recognition sequence of BglII and HinfI examples thereof include a method using a selection polymorphic marker corresponding to the 253rd and 343rd bases of the sequence.
- the polynucleotide was amplified by PCR using a primer pair having the base sequences specified by SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 9, and the amplified poly Nucleotides are digested with restriction enzymes BglII and restriction enzyme HinfI.
- restriction enzymes BglII and restriction enzyme HinfI restriction enzymes
- the Haruna-type test barley seeds yield three fragments of 251 bp, 91 bp and 59 bp in size.
- the Kendall-type test barley varieties yields two fragments of 389 bp and 59 bp in size
- the Barke-type test barley varieties yields two fragments of sizes 251 bp and 150 bp.
- kits including a primer pair having the base sequences specified by SEQ ID NO: 8 and SEQ ID NO: 9.
- the kit can be suitably used in an embodiment in which a polynucleotide containing the selection polymorphic marker is amplified by a PCR method.
- the kit may further contain a restriction enzyme. Moreover, you may further include the kit for extracting DNA from the structure
- the present invention also provides a progeny line of barley seeds that can be obtained by crossing barley seeds selected as barley seeds having a low protein Z7 content by the above selection method.
- the progeny line can be obtained by crossing between Kendall type and Kendall type or Barke type and Barke type barley species among the barley types selected as barley types having low protein Z7 content, and Kendall type. And can also be obtained by crossing between Barke-type barley varieties.
- species of a progeny system with low protein Z7 content can be obtained from the barley seed
- the barley seed selected by the selection method described above can be used in a method for producing a malt fermented beverage comprising at least a preparation step and a fermentation step.
- the barley seed used in the preparation step is preferably barley seed selected as a barley seed having a low protein Z7 content by the above selection method or a barley seed of a progeny line thereof.
- the malt can be obtained by producing barley seeds selected as barley seeds having a low protein Z7 content by the above-mentioned selection method or barley seeds of progenies of the crosses. Malting can be performed by a generally used method. Specifically, for example, after malting until the degree of soaking reaches 40% to 45%, germination can be performed at 10 to 20 ° C. for 3 to 6 days and dried to obtain malt.
- the above charging step is a step of mixing the raw material containing malt and barley and water for charging, heating the resulting mixture to saccharify the malt and barley, and collect wort from the saccharified malt and barley. is there.
- this charging step not only malt obtained from barley seeds selected as barley seeds having a low protein Z7 content by the above-described selection method or barley seeds of the progenies of these crosses, but also these barley seeds themselves are used. You can also.
- auxiliary materials such as corn starch, corn grits, rice, and sugars may be added to the raw materials.
- the fermentation step is a step of adding a hop to the wort, adding yeast to the boiled and cooled cold wort and fermenting it to obtain a malt fermented beverage (intermediate) product.
- yeast used here include Saccharomyces patrianus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces ubalum and the like.
- the malt fermented beverage is not particularly limited in the proportion of malt used in its production, and may be any beverage that is produced by fermentation using malt as a part of the raw material. Specific examples include beer and sparkling liquor. Also, so-called non-alcohol beer and non-alcohol sparkling liquor are malt fermented beverages because they use the same production method as beer and the like.
- Example 1 Determination of unknown sequence of protein Z7 locus region
- Barley Haruna Nijo, CDC Copeland, Harrington, CDC Kendall, and Barke were used in the following examples.
- DNA was extracted with the following method by using a leaf as a DNA source.
- Extraction buffer 200 mM Tris-HCl, 250 mM NaCl, 25 mM EDTA, pH 7.5
- zirconia balls were added to the leaves, shaken, and kept at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. Centrifugation was performed, and an equal amount of isopropanol was added to the resulting supernatant to precipitate DNA. Centrifugation was performed, and 70% ethanol was added to the resulting precipitate, followed by centrifugation again. The obtained DNA precipitate was dissolved in sterilized water, and this DNA solution was used as a PCR template.
- TAIL PCR In order to obtain an unknown sequence 5 ′ from the translation initiation codon (ATG) of protein Z7, TAIL PCR was used.
- the TAIL PCR method is a method for obtaining an amplification product containing an unknown sequence adjacent to a known sequence, and a random primer having a random base sequence is paired with a primer having a base sequence that can specifically bind to the known sequence.
- the low annealing temperature (44 ° C) and the high annealing temperature (68 ° C) variably, the amplification of non-specific products is suppressed and products containing unknown sequences adjacent to known sequences are preferentially used.
- Random primer (SEQ ID NO: 4); 5′-GTNCGA (G / C) (A / T) CANA (A / T) GTT-3 ′ Specific primer 1 (SEQ ID NO: 5); 5'-CGTTGGGTGGCAGCACTACTGGGG-3 ' Specific primer 2 (SEQ ID NO: 6); 5'-GGTCGGAGGAGATGGGCGAGGGCG-3 ' Specific primer 3 (SEQ ID NO: 7); 5'-GGTCGGGTGGTGAGGGTGGTGCCA-3 '
- the specific primers 1 to 3 are designed to be “nested”, and by using a nested PCR method, a polynucleotide having an unknown sequence 5 ′ from the translation start codon (ATG) of protein Z7 is used. I got it.
- the PCR product obtained by the first PCR was used as a template, random primer and specific primer 2 were used, and the second PCR was performed according to the PCR program shown below.
- a cycle consisting of 9 steps of heat denaturation for 2 seconds, annealing at 44 ° C. for 1 minute, and extension reaction at 72 ° C. for 3 minutes was performed 13 cycles.
- an extension reaction was performed at 72 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- the second PCR product was used as a template, random primers and specific primer 3 were used, and the third PCR was performed according to the same PCR program as the second PCR.
- This PCR amplification product was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the detected amplified polynucleotide was excised from the gel.
- a continuous unknown sequence region spanning 290 to 337 bp upstream from the translation initiation codon (ATG) of the protein Z7 gene could be amplified as a polynucleotide by the TAIL PCR method described above.
- the cut out amplified polynucleotide was purified using QIAquick Gel Extraction kit (QIAGEN, cat. No.
- sequence analysis was performed by using a contract analysis service provided by Sigma.
- the nucleotide sequences derived from Haruna Nijo species, CDC Kendall species and Barke species are shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 2 and SEQ ID NO: 3, respectively.
- the 260 th base, the 262 th base, the 305 th 306 th base, the 343 th base, the 378 th base, the 386 th base, the base position corresponding to the 422 th base is there.
- Haruna Nijo species, the CDC Copeland species, and the Harrington species had the same genotype in all polymorphic markers.
- the 26 polymorphic markers identified were classified according to the classification in Table 1 (Table 2).
- Abbreviations in the genotype 1 and genotype 2 columns of Table 2 mean H: Haruna type, K: Kendall type, and B: Barke type genotype, respectively.
- CAPS Cleared Amplified Polymorphic Sequence
- the genotype 1 barley seed (Table 2) is a restriction enzyme BglII recognition sequence (AGATCT).
- BglII restriction enzyme BglII recognition sequence
- barley seeds of genotype 1 (Table 2) have a recognition sequence for restriction enzyme HinfI (GANTC) at the base site corresponding to the 343rd base.
- CAPS markers were constructed using these polymorphic markers.
- a polynucleotide containing a polymorphic marker corresponding to the 253rd base of the nucleotide sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 1 is amplified by PCR, and the PCR product is digested with the restriction enzyme BglII, so that the genotype can be changed with or without cleavage. Can be identified.
- the PCR product is cleaved from barley seeds having genotype 1 (Table 2), and the PCR product is not cleaved from barley seeds having genotype 2 (Table 2).
- DNA was extracted by the same method as in Example 1. Using this DNA as a template, PCR was performed using primers CAPS1 and CAPS2. About 0.4 kbp PCR products were obtained for each. The PCR product was digested with BglII, and electrophoresis was performed after digestion.
- the PCR product In the sample in which the PCR product was cleaved with BglII, two DNA fragments having a size of about 250 bp and about 150 bp were detected. As a result, the PCR product could be classified into barley seeds that were cleaved by BglII and barley seeds that were not cleaved.
- CAPS1 (SEQ ID NO: 8); 5'-GGTCACATGACGGTTATAATCTCC-3 ' CAPS2 (SEQ ID NO: 9); 5'-CGTTGGGTGGCAGCACTACTGGGG-3 '
- Protein Z7 ELISA was performed according to the method of Evans et al. (Non-patent Document 5). In order to take into account the variation in protein content of seeds, the content of protein Z7 was set to (ng / ⁇ g-protein). Table 3 shows the measurement results of the protein Z7 content.
- the test barley species belonging to genotype 1 in which the PCR product was cleaved with BglII was selected, the phenomenon that the protein Z7 content of all the selected barley species was not necessarily high was observed. That is, the polymorphic marker corresponding to the 253rd base of the base sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 1 reliably classifies the test barley seeds into barley seeds with a high protein Z7 content and low barley seeds. It was not enough as a selection marker for.
- a polynucleotide containing a polymorphic marker corresponding to the 343rd base of the base sequence identified by SEQ ID NO: 1 is amplified by PCR, and the PCR product is digested with the restriction enzyme HinfI, so that the genotype can be detected with or without PCR cleavage. Can be identified.
- the PCR product is cleaved from barley seeds having genotype 1 (Table 2), and the PCR product is not cleaved from barley seeds having genotype 2 (Table 2).
- DNA was extracted by the same method as in Example 1. Using this DNA as a template, PCR was performed using primers CAPS1 and CAPS2. About 0.4 kbp PCR products were obtained for each. The PCR product was digested with HinfI and subjected to electrophoresis after digestion.
- the PCR product In the sample obtained by cleaving the PCR product with HinfI, two DNA fragments having a size of about 350 bp and about 60 bp were detected. As a result, the PCR product could be classified into barley seeds that were cleaved by HinfI and barley seeds that were not cleaved.
- Protein Z7 content was measured as described above. The average value of protein Z7 content of barley seeds (genotype 1) whose PCR products were cleaved with HinfI and barley seeds (genotype 2) that were not cleaved was compared (FIG. 4). As a result, although the average value of the protein Z7 content was higher in the genotype 1 barley varieties than the genotype 2 barley varieties in all of the 2000, 2004, and 2008 varieties, There was no significant difference.
- the polymorphic markers identified in Example 1 are restricted by each from the results of Example 2. Based on the presence or absence of cleavage by the enzyme, it was not sufficient as a selection marker for accurately classifying the test barley varieties into barley varieties with high protein Z7 content and barley varieties with low protein Z7 content.
- Example 4 Verification of the selection effect of barley varieties based on protein Z7 content of CAPS markers using a plurality of polymorphic markers
- 23 varieties of barley Haruna Nijo, Myougi Nijo, Satsuki Nijo, Golden Melon, Akagi Nijo, Ryofu, Ryoun, Hoshimari, CDC Kendall, AC Metcalf, Harlington, CDC Copeland, SloopSA, Schoner, Clipper, Clipper, Clipper, As shown in Example 3, the genotype of the CAPS marker was identified for Scallett, Betzes, Braemar, Triumph, Hanna and Prior types, and was classified into three types: Kendall type, Haruna type, and Barke type. The relationship between the genotype and protein Z7 content was examined.
- Example 3 [Comparison of genotype classification and protein Z7 content] As shown in Example 3, by identifying the genotype of the CAPS marker and comparing the average value of the protein Z7 content of each barley variety classified into Kendall type, Haruna type, and Barke type, The effectiveness of the CAPS marker was verified (FIG. 5). Haruna-type barley varieties produced in 2000, 2004, and 2008 were significantly higher in protein Z7 content at a 1% risk compared to Kendall-type and Barke-type barley varieties ( FIG. 5).
- test barley seeds are classified into three types of Haruna type, Kendall type and Barke type as described above.
- Haruna type test barley seeds are definitely barley seeds with a high protein Z7 content
- the test barley varieties of Kendall type and Barke type were certainly barley varieties having a low protein Z7 content, and a sufficient selection effect was shown.
- the present CAPS marker is based on the discrimination of two genotypes of polymorphic markers corresponding to the 253rd and 343rd bases of the base sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 1, the test barley species has a protein Z7 content. It is effective as a selection marker for reliably classifying a high barley variety and a low barley variety.
- Example 4 show that the test barley species whose genotype matches the Haruna type can be selected as a barley species having a high protein Z7 content, and the test barley species whose genotype matches the Kendall type or the Barke type Indicates that it can be selected as a barley variety having a low protein Z7 content. That is, based on the knowledge obtained in Example 4, genotype identification was performed for only one of the two polymorphic markers corresponding to the 253rd and 343rd bases of the base sequence specified by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- test barley species is selected as a barley species that matches the Kendall type, or the test barley species whose PCR product is not cut with HinfI is selected as the barley type that matches the Barke type.
- species with low protein Z7 content can be selected.
- Example 5 Relationship between protein Z7 content and NIBEM value in beer
- a single 400-liter pilot plant with 11 varieties (Haruna Nijo, Amagi Nijo, Mikamo Golden, Nitta Nijo 21, Ryofu, Ryoun, Kitaiku 41, CDC Kendall, CDC Copeland, CDC Reserve, Lofty Nijo)
- a total of 42 test beers brewed for use were used as samples (Table 5).
- Protein Z7 in beer was quantified by the ELISA method described above.
- the NIBEM value was measured using a NIBEM-T apparatus manufactured by HAFFMANS, INPACK2000, and a standard glass for NIBEM value measurement. Specifically, each of the above test beers is brought to a temperature of 20 ° C., poured into a standard glass using a carbon dioxide gas with a foam pourer, and the drop in the height of the generated foam is tracked with a NIBEM-T apparatus. It was measured by.
- Non-patent Document 5 Non-patent Document 5
- the ratio of the minimum and maximum values of protein Z7 in the sample population used by Evans et al. Is 4.81, which is significantly lower than the ratio of the minimum and maximum values of the sample used in this study (16.73).
- the sample population used by Evans et al. May not have clarified the relationship between protein Z7 and foam retention.
- the selection method of the present invention using the polymorphic marker for selection described above to select barley seeds based on the protein Z7 content is useful for breeding barley with good foaminess. It was.
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Abstract
Description
(i)同定した遺伝子型が、Haruna型の遺伝子型と一致する被検大麦種をプロテインZ7含有量の高い大麦種として選抜する
(ii)同定した遺伝子型が、Kendall型又はBarke型の遺伝子型と一致する被検大麦種をプロテインZ7含有量の低い大麦種として選抜する
(iii)同定した多型マーカーAの遺伝子型が、Kendall型の遺伝子型と一致する被検大麦種をプロテインZ7含有量の低い大麦種として選抜する
(iv)同定した多型マーカーBの遺伝子型が、Barke型の遺伝子型と一致する被検大麦種をプロテインZ7含有量の低い大麦種として選抜する
大麦はるな二条種、CDC Copeland種、Harrington種、CDC Kendall種及びBarke種の5種を、以下の実施例に用いた。
上述したそれぞれの大麦種について、葉をDNAソースとして、以下の方法でDNAを抽出した。葉に抽出バッファー(200mM Tris-HCl,250mM NaCl,25mM EDTA,pH7.5)とジルコニアボールを添加し、振とうした後、60℃で30分間保持した。遠心分離し、得られた上清に等量のイソプロパノールを添加してDNAを析出させた。遠心分離し、得られた沈殿に70%エタノールを添加して、再び遠心分離した。得られたDNAの沈殿を滅菌水に溶解させ、このDNA溶液をPCRの鋳型に用いた。
プロテインZ7の翻訳開始コドン(ATG)より5’側の未知配列を取得するため、TAIL PCR法を用いた。TAIL PCR法は、既知配列に隣接する未知配列を含む増幅産物を取得する方法の一つで、ランダムな塩基配列を有するランダムプライマーと既知配列に特異的に結合可能な塩基配列を有するプライマーを対とし、低アニーリング温度(44℃)と高アニーリング温度(68℃)を変化的に制御することで、非特異的産物の増幅を抑制し、既知配列に隣接する未知配列を含む産物を優先的に増幅させる方法である(例えば、植物のPCR実験プロトコール,73-79頁,秀潤社,1995年)。TAIL PCR法には以下のプライマーを用いた。なお特異的プライマー1~3はNCBIデータベースのプロテインZ7遺伝子の塩基配列情報(NCBI accession No.X95277)を参考にして決定した。
5’-GTNCGA(G/C)(A/T)CANA(A/T)GTT-3’
特異的プライマー1(配列番号5);
5’-CGTTGGTGGCAGCAGACTCGGGG-3’
特異的プライマー2(配列番号6);
5’-GGTCGGAGGAGATGGCGGAGGCG-3’
特異的プライマー3(配列番号7);
5’-GGTCGGTGGTGAGGGTGGTTGCCA-3’
94℃で1分間保持後、更に95℃で1分間保持した。次に、94℃で1分熱変性し、65℃で1分間アニーリングした後、72℃で3分間伸長反応を行うサイクルを5サイクル実施し、94℃で1分間熱変性、30℃で3分間アニーリング、72℃で3分間伸長反応を行うサイクルを1サイクル実施した。次に、94℃で30秒間熱変性、68℃で1分間アニーリング、72℃で3分間伸長反応、94℃で30秒間熱変性、68℃で1分間アニーリング、72℃で3分間伸長反応、94℃で30秒間熱変性、44℃で1分間アニーリング、72℃で3分間伸長反応、という9ステップで構成されるサイクルを、15サイクル実施した。最後に72℃で5分間伸長反応を実施した。
94℃で30秒間熱変性、68℃で1分間アニーリング、72℃で3分間伸長反応、94℃で30秒間熱変性、68℃で1分間アニーリング、72℃で3分間伸長反応、94℃で30秒間熱変性、44℃で1分間アニーリング、72℃で3分間伸長反応、という9ステップで構成されるサイクルを、13サイクル実施した。最後に72℃で5分間伸長反応を実施した。
はるな二条種、CDC Copeland種、Harrington種、CDC Kendall種及びBarke種について、上記で決定した塩基配列を多重整列した(図1)。多重整列には、GENETYX Ver.8(GENETYX CORPORATION)のアラインメント解析ツールを利用した。列の下に*印のある列は、これら5種の大麦種全てで塩基種が一致した部位を示しており、*印のない列はこれら5種の大麦種のいずれかで塩基種が異なっている部位を示している。
図1に示した多重整列の結果、5種類の大麦種間で塩基種が一致しない塩基部位が合計26ヶ所存在しており、これらを多型マーカーとして特定した。具体的には、配列番号1で特定される塩基配列の第62番目の塩基、第93-94番目の塩基の間(図1中のギャップに対応する)、第94番目の塩基、第96番目の塩基、第98番目の塩基、第113番目の塩基、第116番目の塩基、第123番目の塩基、第148番目の塩基、第151番目の塩基、第153番目の塩基、第156番目の塩基、第159番目の塩基、第160-186番目の塩基の間、第217番目の塩基、第231番目の塩基、第239番目の塩基、第246-247番目の塩基の間、第253番目の塩基、第260番目の塩基、第262番目の塩基、第305-306番目の塩基、第343番目の塩基、第378番目の塩基、第386番目の塩基、第422番目の塩基に相当する塩基部位である。
選抜用多型マーカーの遺伝子型の判別を、特定の制限酵素により切断が生じるか否かにより行うことができれば、CAPS(Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence)マーカーとして有用である。上述した多型マーカーのうち、配列番号1で特定される塩基配列の第253番目の塩基に相当する塩基部位において、遺伝子型1の大麦種(表2)は制限酵素BglIIの認識配列(AGATCT)を有している。同様に、第343番目の塩基に相当する塩基部位において、遺伝子型1の大麦種(表2)は制限酵素HinfI(GANTC)の認識配列を有している。これらの多型マーカーを用いてCAPSマーカーの構築を行った。
配列番号1で特定される塩基配列の第253番目の塩基に相当する多型マーカーを含むポリヌクレオチドをPCRにより増幅し、PCR産物を制限酵素BglIIで消化することにより、切断の有無で遺伝子型を同定できる。PCR産物が切断されるのは、遺伝子型1(表2)を有する大麦種であり、PCR産物が切断されないのは、遺伝子型2(表2)を有する大麦種である。
5’-GGTCACATGACGTGTATTAATCTCC-3’
CAPS2(配列番号9);
5’-CGTTGGTGGCAGCAGACTCGGGG-3’
2000年、2004年、2008年に群馬県のサッポロビール社圃場で栽培された大麦種子をそれぞれミルで粉砕し、ELISA法でプロテインZ7含有量を定量した。ELISA法は、タスマニア大学Evans博士より提供されたプロテインZ7特異的抗体を用いたサンドイッチELISA法により行った。ミルで粉砕した大麦種子50mgを2mLスクリューキャップ付きチューブにとり、0.28%Dithiothreitol(DTT)を含むPhosphate Buffer Saline(PBS)1mLを添加し、一晩振とうした。この液の遠心上清を大麦種子タンパク質抽出液とした。タンパク質濃度をBradford法により定量した後、ELISAに供した。プロテインZ7のELISAはEvansらの方法に従って行った(非特許文献5)。種子のタンパク質含量のばらつきを考慮するため、プロテインZ7含有量は(ng/μg-protein)とした。表3にプロテインZ7含有量の測定結果を示す。
プロテインZ7含有量の平均値(2000年)
遺伝子型1;18.51±8.26ng/μg-protein
遺伝子型2;8.66±3.30ng/μg-protein
プロテインZ7含有量の平均値(2004年)
遺伝子型1;19.37±7.79ng/μg-protein
遺伝子型2;8.83±3.20ng/μg-protein
プロテインZ7含有量の平均値(2008年)
遺伝子型1;22.90±11.90ng/μg-protein
遺伝子型2;9.76±3.44ng/μg-protein
配列番号1で特定される塩基配列の第343番目の塩基に相当する多型マーカーを含むポリヌクレオチドをPCRにより増幅し、PCR産物を制限酵素HinfIで消化することにより、PCR切断の有無で遺伝子型を同定できる。PCR産物が切断されるのは、遺伝子型1(表2)を有する大麦種であり、PCR産物が切断されないのは、遺伝子型2(表2)を有する大麦種である。
プロテインZ7含有量の平均値(2000年)
遺伝子型1;13.79±7.86ng/μg-protein
遺伝子型2;7.31±1.98ng/μg-protein
プロテインZ7含有量の平均値(2004年)
遺伝子型1;13.57±7.74ng/μg-protein
遺伝子型2;8.83±4.56ng/μg-protein
プロテインZ7含有量の平均値(2008年)
遺伝子型1;17.45±11.54ng/μg-protein
遺伝子型2;10.72±3.63ng/μg-protein
プライマーCAPS1、CAPS2を用いてPCRを行った産物をBglIIとHinfIの2種類の制限酵素で消化することによって、得られるDNA断片の数及びサイズが異なる3つのタイプに分類できると予想される(表4)。
大麦23品種(はるな二条、みょうぎ二条、さつき二条、ゴールデンメロン、あかぎ二条、りょうふう、りょううん、ほしまさり、CDC Kendall、AC Metcalf、Harrington、CDC Copeland、SloopSA、Schooner、Clipper、Franklin、Barke、Scarlett、Betzes、Braemar、Triumph、Hanna、Prior種)について、実施例3で示したようにCAPSマーカーの遺伝子型を同定し、Kendall型、Haruna型、Barke型の3種に分類した。その遺伝子型とプロテインZ7含量の関係を調べた。
実施例3で示したとおりに、CAPSマーカーの遺伝子型を同定し、Kendall型、Haruna型、Barke型の3種に分類した各大麦種のプロテインZ7含有量の平均値を比較することで、本CAPSマーカーの有効性を検証した(図5)。2000年産、2004年産、2008年産のいずれにおいてもHaruna型の大麦種は、Kendall型の大麦種及びBarke型の大麦種と比較して、危険率1%で有意にプロテインZ7含有量が高かった(図5)。
Haruna型の大麦種;23.30±3.37ng/μg-protein
Kendall型の大麦種;8.66±3.30ng/μg-protein
Barke型の大麦種;7.30±1.98ng/μg-protein
プロテインZ7含有量の平均値(2004年)
Haruna型の大麦種;22.38±5.47ng/μg-protein
Kendall型の大麦種;8.83±3.20ng/μg-protein
Barke型の大麦種;8.80±4.56ng/μg-protein
プロテインZ7含有量の平均値(2008年)
Haruna型の大麦種;28.99±9.37ng/μg-protein
Kendall型の大麦種;9.76±3.44ng/μg-protein
Barke型の大麦種;10.70±3.63ng/μg-protein
400Lパイロットプラントで11品種(はるな二条、あまぎ二条、ミカモゴールデン、新田二条21号、りょうふう、りょううん、北育41号、CDC Kendall、CDC Copeland、CDC Reserve、Lofty Nijo)の麦芽それぞれから単用で醸造された試験ビール合計42点をサンプルとして用いた(表5)。
ビール中プロテインZ7の定量は、上述したELISA法によって行った。
NIBEM値の測定は、HAFFMANS社のNIBEM-T装置、INPACK2000及びNIBEM値測定用の標準グラスを用いて行った。具体的には、上記の試験ビールをそれぞれ20℃の状態にし、泡注ぎ出し機により炭酸ガスを用いて標準グラスに注ぎ出し、生じた泡の高さの降下をNIBEM-T装置で追尾することにより測定した。
麦芽単用ビール中のプロテインZ7含量を測定し、NIBEM値との関係を調べた(図6)。プロテインZ7濃度とNIBEM値には有意な負の相関関係が見られた。一方、製麦工程中に蛋白質がどの程度分解されたかを示す指標の一つであるコールバッハ値(KI)及び、苦味の程度を表す指標で、ホップ中のイソα酸が関与しているとされるBUは泡持ちと深い関係があるとされている(J.Am.Soc.Brew.Chem.,60巻,47-57頁,2002年)。本解析に用いたビールサンプルはサンプル数が42、用いた麦芽品種が11、また表1のように麦芽KIやビールBUのばらつきも大きい。麦芽KIやBUは泡持ちと関係が深いと報告されているが、このようにKIやBUのばらつきの大きいサンプル集団でプロテインZ7含量とNIBEM値が有意な相関関係を示したことから、プロテインZ7はNIBEM値の有効なマーカーになることが示唆された。
配列番号2;Kendall型
配列番号3;Barke型
配列番号4~9;合成プライマー
Claims (14)
- プロテインZ7含有量に基づいて大麦種を選抜する選抜方法であって、
被検大麦種において、
Haruna型及びKendall型の大麦プロテインZ7遺伝子座周辺領域の塩基配列を多重整列することにより特定される多型マーカーA、並びに
Haruna型及びBarke型の大麦プロテインZ7遺伝子座周辺領域の塩基配列を多重整列することにより特定される多型マーカーB、のそれぞれについて1つ以上の遺伝子型の同定を行い、以下の(i)及び/又は(ii)を実施する選抜方法。
(i)該同定した遺伝子型が、Haruna型の遺伝子型と一致する被検大麦種をプロテインZ7含有量の高い大麦種として選抜する
(ii)該同定した遺伝子型が、Kendall型又はBarke型の遺伝子型と一致する被検大麦種をプロテインZ7含有量の低い大麦種として選抜する - プロテインZ7含有量の低い大麦種を選抜する選抜方法であって、
被検大麦種において、
Haruna型及びKendall型の大麦プロテインZ7遺伝子座周辺領域の塩基配列を多重整列することにより特定される多型マーカーA、並びに
Haruna型及びBarke型の大麦プロテインZ7遺伝子座周辺領域の塩基配列を多重整列することにより特定される多型マーカーB、の少なくとも1つの遺伝子型の同定を行い、以下の(iii)又は(iv)を実施する選抜方法。
(iii)該同定した多型マーカーAの遺伝子型が、Kendall型の遺伝子型と一致する被検大麦種をプロテインZ7含有量の低い大麦種として選抜する
(iv)該同定した多型マーカーBの遺伝子型が、Barke型の遺伝子型と一致する被検大麦種をプロテインZ7含有量の低い大麦種として選抜する - 前記遺伝子型の同定は、
前記被検大麦種のゲノムDNAを鋳型としたPCR法で増幅された、前記多型マーカーA及び多型マーカーBからなる群より選ばれる選抜用多型マーカーの少なくとも1つを含むポリヌクレオチドにより行なわれる、請求項1又は2に記載の選抜方法。 - 前記多型マーカーAが、配列番号1で特定される塩基配列の第62番目、第93-94番目、第94番目、第96番目、第98番目、第113番目、第116番目、第123番目、第148番目、第151番目、第153番目、第156番目、第159番目、第160-186番目、第217番目、第231番目、第239番目、第246-247番目、第253番目、第305-306番目、第378番目又は第422番目の塩基に相当する塩基部位である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の選抜方法。
- 前記多型マーカーBが、配列番号1で特定される塩基配列の第260番目、第262番目、第305-306番目、第343番目、第378番目、第386番目又は第422番目の塩基に相当する塩基部位である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の選抜方法。
- 前記選抜用多型マーカーの少なくとも1つを含むポリヌクレオチドを、認識配列中に前記選抜用多型マーカーの少なくとも1つを含む1種又は2種以上の制限酵素で消化して得られる断片の数及び/又はサイズに基づいて、前記遺伝子型の同定を行う、請求項3に記載の選抜方法。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチドが、配列番号1で特定される塩基配列の第253番目及び第343番目の塩基に相当する選抜用多型マーカーを含み、前記制限酵素が、BglII及び/又はHinfIである、請求項6に記載の選抜方法。
- 前記ポリヌクレオチドが、配列番号8及び配列番号9で特定される塩基配列を有するプライマー対を用いて被検大麦種のゲノムDNAからPCR法により増幅されるものであり、前記制限酵素が、BglII及び/又はHinfIである、請求項6又は7に記載の選抜方法。
- 配列番号1で特定される塩基配列の第253番目及び第343番目の塩基に相当する選抜用多型マーカーを含む、被検大麦種のゲノムDNAからPCR法により増幅されるポリヌクレオチド。
- 前記PCR法が、配列番号8及び配列番号9で特定される塩基配列を有するプライマー対を用いるものである、請求項9に記載のポリヌクレオチド。
- 配列番号8及び配列番号9で特定される塩基配列を有するプライマー対を含むプロテインZ7含有量に基づく大麦種選抜用キット。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の選抜方法によってプロテインZ7含有量の低い大麦種として選抜された大麦種を交配して得ることのできる交配後代系統の大麦種。
- 仕込工程及び発酵工程を少なくとも備える麦芽発酵飲料の製造方法であって、
前記仕込工程で使用される大麦種が、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載された選抜方法によりプロテインZ7含有量の低い大麦種として選抜された大麦種及び/又は請求項12に記載の交配後代系統の大麦種である、麦芽発酵飲料の製造方法。 - 請求項13に記載の製造方法で得ることのできる麦芽発酵飲料。
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WO2022004719A1 (ja) * | 2020-07-01 | 2022-01-06 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | ノンアルコールビールテイスト飲料 |
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