WO2011009477A1 - Câble contenant des nanoparticules orientées - Google Patents

Câble contenant des nanoparticules orientées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011009477A1
WO2011009477A1 PCT/EP2009/005624 EP2009005624W WO2011009477A1 WO 2011009477 A1 WO2011009477 A1 WO 2011009477A1 EP 2009005624 W EP2009005624 W EP 2009005624W WO 2011009477 A1 WO2011009477 A1 WO 2011009477A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
nanoparticles
conductor
length direction
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/005624
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jörg FINDEISEN
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to PCT/EP2009/005624 priority Critical patent/WO2011009477A1/fr
Publication of WO2011009477A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011009477A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/006—Constructional features relating to the conductors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cable having at least one electrically conductive conductor extending in the cable longitudinal direction and an insulating material in which the conductor is embedded.
  • Such cables are used for example in the field of electrical Energy Enterprisetragungstechmk.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a cable that has better electrical and mechanical properties than previous cables.
  • the electrically conductive conductor comprises nanoparticles which are aligned in the cable longitudinal direction and, in addition, further nanoparticles are present which are oriented transversely to the cable longitudinal direction.
  • a significant advantage of the inventive cable is that it has both very good electrical and very good thermal properties.
  • the electrical properties are brought about by the nanoparticles provided in the electrically conductive conductor, which are aligned in the cable length direction. Due to the orientation of the nanoparticles along the cable length direction, the electrical conductivity is improves the conductivity of the conductor and thus reduces its electrical resistance. This also leads to a reduction of the heat generated in the cable.
  • Another essential advantage of the cable according to the invention consists in the heat removal caused by the further nanoparticles; The heat dissipation is effected by the fact that the other nanoparticles are aligned transversely to the cable length direction and selectively divert the heat generated in the or in the conductive conductors by the insulation material to the outside. Because of the nanoparticles oriented transversely to the cable longitudinal direction, the cable according to the invention thus has an optimized heat dissipation to the outside, so that it is more electrically resistant overall than previously known cables.
  • a third significant advantage of the cable according to the invention is that in this case the mechanical strength of the cable is markedly increased by the nanoparticles present.
  • the cable according to the invention is thus mechanically significantly stronger and more resilient than comparable cables of the prior design with the same dimensioning and the same weight. Due to the increased mechanical strength and load capacity can be achieved with the erfj ndungsgeezeen cable thus significantly larger span widths between masts and support elements, as is possible with previous cables.
  • the use of the inventive cable in electrical energy transmission systems thus leads to lower installation costs.
  • the nanoparticles are preferably elongate; By elongated nanoparticles are meant nanoparticles whose length is large, in particular at least 10 times greater than whose diameter is. Elongated nanoparticles are, for example, nanotubes, nanotubes or nanorods.
  • the nanoparticles can be single-walled, double-walled or multi-walled.
  • the nanoparticles may, for example, be carbon nanotubes or carbon nanoneedles or boron nitride nanoparticles.
  • the insulating material may for example consist of a plastic such as polyamide or a ceramic or contain at least one or more such materials.
  • the further nanoparticles that is to say the nanoparticles oriented transversely to the cable length direction, are preferably located either exclusively in the insulating material or alternatively both in the insulating material and in the electrically conductive conductor.
  • the nanoparticles present in the conductor are predominantly (ie at least 50%, more preferably at least 75%) along the cable length direction and the nanoparticles present in the isolation material predominantly (ie at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 75%) across Aligned cable length direction.
  • the electrically conductive conductor has-viewed in cross-section-at least one cross-sectional section in which the nanoparticles are oriented predominantly (ie at least 50%, particularly preferably at least 75%) in the cable longitudinal direction, and at least has a further cross-sectional portion in which the nanoparticles predominantly (ie at least 50%, more preferably at least 75%) are aligned transversely to the cable length direction.
  • the electrically conductive conductor has a plurality in cross section Cross-sectional portions in which the nanoparticles are oriented predominantly in the cable longitudinal direction, and a plurality of further cross-sectional portions, in which the nanoparticles are oriented predominantly transversely to the cable length direction on.
  • the nanoparticles aligned in the cable length direction are preferably more electrically conductive than the other nanoparticles, ie the nanoparticles oriented transversely to the cable length direction, and / or the further nanoparticles oriented transversely to the cable length direction are preferably thermally more capable of being leached than the nanoparticles oriented along the cable length direction.
  • the cable has at least two electrically conductive conductors and the conductors are arranged rotationally symmetrical.
  • the cable preferably has three electrically conductive conductors, which are rotationally symmetrical with respect to the rotation angles of 120 degrees and 240 degrees.
  • a center is preferably present in the cable, and the other nanoparticles are preferably aligned radially outward with respect to this center.
  • the cable has an alignment structure extending at least in sections along the cable length direction, which - during the
  • Such an alignment structure is preferably a NEN electrically conductive or magnetizable center conductor, which extends along the Jardinlangsraum and is located for example in the middle of the cable.
  • the at least one conductor has a Hull Mrs which is on the side facing away from the conductor smoother than on the conductor facing the inside and / or consists of a semiconductor material or a semiconductor material at least also contains.
  • the semiconducting material and / or the insulating material may be vulcanizable, for example.
  • Nanoparticles oriented in the longitudinal direction will flow, so that a reduction in concentration will limit the current flow locally to a predetermined level, without increasing the electrical losses, at least not significantly.
  • the cable has a circular cross-sectional area and the conductor or conductors are arranged rotationally symmetrically and / or centrally within the round cross-sectional area.
  • the cable may, for example, be an electrical power transmission cable designed and dimensioned for voltages of at least 100 V and currents of at least 1 A.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a cable in which at least one electrically conductive conductor is embedded in an insulating material. According to the invention, it is provided that in the electrically conductive conductor nanoparticles are aligned in the cable longitudinal direction and further nanoparticles are aligned transversely to the cable longitudinal direction.
  • the other nanoparticles can be aligned transversely to the cable length direction by a field is applied to the cable.
  • the field may be applied between the conductors of the cable or between a conductor of the cable and an outer shield of the cable.
  • an alignment structure is prepared and it is to this alignment structure a field with which the other nanoparticles are aligned transversely to the cable's direction.
  • the application of a field is preferably carried out as long as the insulation material of the cable is not yet fully cured, ie before or during the curing phase of the insulation material.
  • At least one growth seed can be used, which effects an alignment of the nanoparticles present in the insulation material during the application of the not yet cured, for example still liquid, insulating material Insulation material leads to an embedding of the nanoparticles with an orientation transverse to the cable length direction.
  • one of the conductors to be embedded in the insulation material can be used as a growth germ.
  • a conductor sleeve applied to the conductor or conductors can be used as a growth germ.
  • a growth seed is provided in the cable center.
  • the concentration of the nanoparticles aligned in the cable longitudinal direction in the electrically conductive conductor is varied along the cable longitudinal direction and at least two subdivisions along the cable longitudinal direction. Different concentration ranges can be produced with nanoparticles aligned in the cable longitudinal direction.
  • the incorporation of the nanoparticles in the conductor and / or the incorporation of the further nanoparticles in the conductor and / or in the insulating material can be effected or assisted, for example, by electrophoresis.
  • a co-ordination of different nanoparticles can be brought about by a coordination between the particle size and the pore width of a gel serving as the carrier medium, the gel serving as a molecular sieve.
  • electrophoresis edges can be smoothed or shields formed.
  • a rib structure or an oval-flattened outer shape of the or existing in the cable conductor is provided.
  • Such a structure may, for example, be designed such that nanoparticles with good thermal conductivity and high electrical resistance are not only introduced into insulation of the cable but, moreover, arranged in such a way that they also take over the transport of the heat into these areas enlarging the surface .
  • a nanoparticle-utilizing, dirt-repellent coating on the surface of the outer sheath of the cable is conceivable.
  • a nanoparticle-containing film or a nanoparticle-containing paint can be applied to the outside of the cable.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a cable according to the invention with a single electrical conductor
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a cable according to the invention with a single electrical conductor, the latter being provided with a jacket,
  • FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of an invention
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of an invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of a cable according to the invention with three electrical conductors and a growth core which effects an alignment of the nanoparticles present in the insulating material of the cable during the production of the insulating material, FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows a sixth exemplary embodiment of a cable according to the invention with a conductor with nanotubes
  • FIG. 7 shows a seventh exemplary embodiment of a cable according to the invention with three conductive layers and three insulating layers
  • FIG. 8 shows an eighth exemplary embodiment of a cable according to the invention with two conductive layers and three insulating layers and
  • FIG. 9 shows a ninth exemplary embodiment of a cable according to the invention with a matrix containing nanoparticles in the insulation.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electrical cable 10 equipped with a single electrically conductive conductor 20.
  • the conductor 20 is located in an insulating material 30, which consists of an electrically non-conductive material.
  • nanoparticles in the conductor 20 which are oriented predominantly, preferably at least 90%, in the cable length direction, that is to say in FIG. 1, perpendicular to the sheet direction.
  • the direction of the nanoparticles is arbitrary: they can thus protrude perpendicular to the image plane in this or protrude from this.
  • the nanoparticles designated by the reference numeral 40 project into the image plane, whereas the nanoparticles protrude with the reference numeral 50 from the image plane.
  • there are further nanoparticles which are oriented predominantly, preferably at least 90%, transversely to the cable length direction and thus extend parallel to the image plane in FIG.
  • the further nanoparticles are identified by the reference numeral 60; the further nanoparticles 60 are located exclusively in the insulation material 30 of the cable 10, but they may also be arranged-wholly or partially-in the conductor 20.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a cable 10.
  • the cable according to FIG. 2 substantially corresponds to the cable according to FIG. 1.
  • only the electrical conductor 20 is enclosed with a hull layer, which is identified by the reference numeral 70.
  • the function of the Hull Anlagen 70 is to make the electrical conductor to the outside smoother and thus avoid electrical Felduberhohungen.
  • the hull layer 70 is thus preferably smoother on the outside 80 than on the inner side 90 facing the conductor 20.
  • the hull layer 70 may consist, for example, of a semiconductor material.
  • FIG. 3 an embodiment of a cable 10 is shown that is equipped with three electrical conductors 100, 110 and 120.
  • the arrangement of the three conductors 100, 110 and 120 is rotationally symmetric, so that the three conductors can be rotated by rotation angles of 120 degrees and / or 240 degrees, without changing their arrangement in the cable 10.
  • the three conductors 100, 110 and 120 are each provided with nanoparticles which, at least predominantly, extend perpendicularly to the image plane, ie project into the image plane or sticking out of this.
  • the nanoparticles are identified by reference numerals 40 and 50.
  • the insulation material 30 of the cable 10 is also provided with nanotubes, but these extend transversely to the cable bell direction and thus lie in the image plane of FIG.
  • the nanoparticles in the insulation layer 30, which are provided transversely to the cable length direction, are identified by the reference numeral 60.
  • the cable according to FIG. 3 corresponds to the cables in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a cable.
  • This cable also has three electrical conductors 100 and 110 and 120 and corresponds to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG 3.
  • an additional alignment structure 200 is present, which has an electrically conductive or magnetizable center conductor 210, at least in sections extends along the Jardinlangsraum and is preferably located in the middle of the cable.
  • the alignment structure 200 makes it possible, during the production of the cable 10, in particular during application of the insulation material 30 or during curing of the insulation material 30, to cause an electric or magnetic field in the cable 10, with which the nanoparticles 60 present in the insulation material 30 are transverse to the cable longitudinal direction , ie parallel to the image plane, are aligned.
  • the center conductor 210 is located in the middle of the cable, a targeted radial or radial outward orientation of the nanoparticles 60 can be achieved.
  • the alignment structure 200 with the electrically conductive or magnetizable center conductor 210 makes it possible to increase the concentration of the nanoparticles 60 oriented transversely to the cable line direction in the cable 10.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth exemplary embodiment of a cable 10.
  • This cable is also equipped with three electrical conductors 100, 110 and 120.
  • a growth core 300 In the middle of the cable or between the three electrical conductors, there is a growth core 300, which effects targeted growth and / or targeted alignment of the nanoparticles 60 embedded in the insulation material 30 during cable production.
  • the growth core 300 causes the nanoparticles 60 to be oriented, preferably transversely to the cable length direction, while the insulation material 30 is applied and / or cured.
  • the growth core 300 is located in the center of the cable, then additionally a radial or
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 5 corresponds to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3, so that in this regard reference should be made to the above statements.
  • FIG. 6 shows the combination of axial alignment of the carbon nanotubes for the power line and radial alignment of the carbon nanotubes for heat transport outward within the conductive conductor 20 of the cable 10.
  • the reference numeral 51 represents the radially oriented carbon nanotubes in the conductor - lent to the remaining reference numerals, reference is made to the statements in connection with FIG.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show by way of example the adaptation of the concentration and orientation of nanotubes to the respective requirements.
  • the insulation is designed such that the dielectric constant decreases in the direction of decreasing electrical current
  • Reference numerals 400, 410 and 420 show, by way of example, insulation layers with thermally conductive nanotubes, preferably extending transversely to the cable direction.
  • Reference numerals 430, 440 and 450 denote layers of the conductive conductor having different concentrations of electroconductive carbon nanotubes or other current conducting nanotubes.
  • the reference numeral 460 denotes a Hull Anlagen between the conductor and the insulating layers and the reference numeral 470 the jacket.
  • radially aligned carbon nanotubes are used for heat removal, which are present in the direction of the conductor center facing only in a low concentration and their concentration increases to the outside. This allows the use of the good thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes for heat dissipation.
  • the intrinsically disadvantageous in the isolation electrical conductivity of conventional carbon nanotubes can be compensated by a low concentration in the areas of high electric field strength.
  • FIG. 8 shows an exemplary embodiment with two conductor regions 500 and 510 with different concentrations of conductive carbon nanotubes and insulation layers 520, 530 and 540 with different concentrations of thermally conductive carbon nanotubes or other thermally conductive nanotubes.
  • FIG. 9 shows by way of example a matrix with thermally conductive and / or electrically conductive nanotubes, for example carbon nanotubes or other nanotubes, in the insulation or the conductor of a cable.
  • the reference numeral 600 carbon nanotubes for current transport (preferably axially aligned)
  • the reference numeral 610 nanotubes so for example carbon nanotubes or other nanotubes, for heat transport (preferably radially aligned) and
  • the reference numerals 620 and 630 carbon nanotubes to increase the mechanical strength (alignment according to the respective strength requirement).
  • the carbon nanotubes with the reference numeral 620 are, for example, circularly aligned fuel nanotubes, which support the creation of a mechanically strong belt structure for forming a cable sheath.
  • a cable is formed by a matrix of different materials which at least partially contain nanotubes of various electrical, thermal and mechanical properties. This can take into account: an adaptation of the concentration of carbon nanotubes to the current density required in the respective region of the cable and / or conductor,
  • nanotubes of particular mechanical properties e.g., tensile strength
  • certain areas e.g., to absorb tensile forces when used as a conductor
  • a formation of mechanical clamping elements by introducing a nanotube staggered belt structure for receiving short-circuit forces and / or transmission of the weight to mechanical fasteners and / or to form a solid and stable sheath of the cable.

Abstract

L'invention concerne entre autres un câble (10) contenant au moins un conducteur électrique (20, 100, 110, 120) s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale du câble et un matériau isolant (30) dans lequel le conducteur est incorporé. Selon l'invention, le conducteur électrique présente des nanoparticules (40, 50) qui sont orientées dans la direction longitudinale du câble, et d'autres nanoparticules (60) qui sont orientées transversalement à la direction longitudinale du câble sont également présentes.
PCT/EP2009/005624 2009-07-23 2009-07-23 Câble contenant des nanoparticules orientées WO2011009477A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2009/005624 WO2011009477A1 (fr) 2009-07-23 2009-07-23 Câble contenant des nanoparticules orientées

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2009/005624 WO2011009477A1 (fr) 2009-07-23 2009-07-23 Câble contenant des nanoparticules orientées

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011009477A1 true WO2011009477A1 (fr) 2011-01-27

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030096104A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2003-05-22 Polymatech Co., Ltd. Carbon nanotube complex molded body and the method of making the same
US20070151744A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-05 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Electrical composite conductor and electrical cable using the same
US20070293086A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-20 Tsinghua University Coaxial cable
WO2009137722A1 (fr) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. Câbles électriques coaxiaux à base de nanotube de carbone et câblage électrique

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030096104A1 (en) * 2001-03-15 2003-05-22 Polymatech Co., Ltd. Carbon nanotube complex molded body and the method of making the same
US20070151744A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-05 Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. Electrical composite conductor and electrical cable using the same
US20070293086A1 (en) * 2006-06-14 2007-12-20 Tsinghua University Coaxial cable
WO2009137722A1 (fr) * 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Nanocomp Technologies, Inc. Câbles électriques coaxiaux à base de nanotube de carbone et câblage électrique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BAO, TIE, XU, SUO, ZHOU, HONG: "A facile method for creating an array of metal-filled carbon nanotubes", ADVANCED MATERIALS, vol. 14, 16 October 2002 (2002-10-16), pages 1483 - 1486, XP002580904 *

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