EP2243145B1 - Isolateur composite à commande de champ - Google Patents

Isolateur composite à commande de champ Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2243145B1
EP2243145B1 EP09709505A EP09709505A EP2243145B1 EP 2243145 B1 EP2243145 B1 EP 2243145B1 EP 09709505 A EP09709505 A EP 09709505A EP 09709505 A EP09709505 A EP 09709505A EP 2243145 B1 EP2243145 B1 EP 2243145B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
field control
layer
insulator
control layer
particles
Prior art date
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Application number
EP09709505A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2243145A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Denndörfer
Jens Seifert
Volker Hinrichsen
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LIW Composite GmbH
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Lapp Insulators GmbH
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Priority to PL09709505T priority Critical patent/PL2243145T3/pl
Priority to SI200930550T priority patent/SI2243145T1/sl
Publication of EP2243145A1 publication Critical patent/EP2243145A1/fr
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Publication of EP2243145B1 publication Critical patent/EP2243145B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/32—Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies
    • H01B17/325—Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies comprising a fibre-reinforced insulating core member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/42—Means for obtaining improved distribution of voltage; Protection against arc discharges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49227—Insulator making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a field-controlled composite insulator comprising a rod or tube as insulator core made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which is coated with a screen cover and equipped at its ends with fittings.
  • the materials of an insulator are heavily loaded by the inhomogeneous distribution of the electric field across its surface.
  • One of the causes lies in the structural design of an insulator.
  • the field strength changes due to the transition from the insulating materials of the screens and the insulator core to a metallic material, because of the transition to ground potential at the mast crossbar or conductor potential, where the conductors are attached.
  • the so-called geometric field control can be used. By rounding corners and edges, the geometry of the workpieces, in particular the parts carrying the tension, is defused.
  • insulating materials such as plastics such as epoxy resins and polymers are applied with deposits of dielectric and / or ferroelectric materials as field control layers.
  • a composite insulator whose screen element and optionally the core are each made of a semiconducting material.
  • the semiconductor capability of the shield shell and the core are the same size at each point of the insulator.
  • the screen cover must be additionally coated with a protective layer.
  • the field control layer of the composite insulator according to the invention accordingly comprises a layer in which the proportion of the particles influencing the electric field is different over the length of the layer.
  • the galvanic contact between the field control layer and the fitting can be produced for example by conductive ink, metal rings or wire mesh.
  • the field control layer is surrounded by a protective layer or directly by the screens extruded seamlessly on the core.
  • the insulator core as a pipe or rod is usually made of a fiberglass-reinforced thermoset such as epoxy or polyester resin.
  • the invention is suitable for all types of composite insulators, in particular for suspension insulators, post insulators or bushing insulators.
  • the field of application starts at high voltages above 1 kV and is particularly effective at voltages above 72.5 kV.
  • the field control layer is usually made of the same material as the protective layer covering it.
  • the protective layer can also be advantageous from a higher erosionsund Kriechstromfesten material.
  • the protective layer is in any case made of a material with high insulation properties. Materials with these properties are elastomeric materials, for example, polymeric plastics such as silicone rubber (HTV) of hardness classes Shore A 60 to 90 or ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM).
  • HTV silicone rubber
  • EPM ethylene-propylene copolymer
  • the field control can be resistive or capacitive or in combination with each other.
  • the material of the field control layer is filled with particles as filler, which cause the field control.
  • a field control layer with ohmic conductive (conductive) and / or semiconducting (semiconductive) fillers is provided.
  • conductive conductive
  • semiconducting fillers the linear material dependence between voltage and current is utilized.
  • the conductive fillers include, for example, carbon black, Fe 3 O 4 and other metal oxides.
  • microvaristors are particularly suitable for resistive field control. These are varistors in powder form with grain diameters between 50 nm and 100 ⁇ m. With a suitable design, it can be achieved that a material filled with microvaristors, in particular a silicone material, exhibits high electrical conductivity and low power dissipation in continuous operation under surge stress.
  • Capacitive field control uses materials with dielectric properties such as TiO2, BaTi03 or TiOx. These materials have a high dielectric constant (permittivity).
  • Refractive field control is a special form of capacitive field control.
  • the field control layer may consist of one layer or multiple layers, wherein the individual layers may have different field control properties.
  • the particles added as fillers to the layers of the field control layer have a diameter of 10 nm to 100 ⁇ m, preferably in a range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m. Their size depends on the thickness of the layer and the intensity and extent of the expected field disturbance.
  • the proportion of particles is between 50 and 90% by weight, preferably 70%.
  • the proportion of particles, the degree of filling, may be above the percolation limit, i. that the particles are in direct electrical contact.
  • the thickness of a layer of a field control layer may be 1 mm to 5 mm, usually 2 mm to 3 mm. It depends on the intensity and extent of the expected field disturbance.
  • the field control layer can consist of one layer and contain only resistive particles as filler. Such a layer is provided at the locations of the insulator to which preferably a resistive, an ohmic field control is required.
  • the field control layer can consist of one layer and contain only capacitive particles as filler. Such a layer is provided at the locations of the insulator to which preferably a capacitive, or in particular a refractive, field control is required.
  • the field control layer may consist of one layer and the proportion of the resistive or capacitive particles may be different over the length of the layer. With the same thickness, the intensity of the effect on the field disturbances can be changed locally by changing the proportion of fillers in the position. The change in the proportion of the filler is possible if the filler has not already been added to the material of the layer before application, but only in or before the nozzle for applying the layer is mixed with the material.
  • the thickness of a layer of a field control layer can change over its length. This is possible by changing the feed rate within the extruder, which applies the layer to the core.
  • the field control layer can also consist of at least two layers with resistive or capacitive particles as fillers.
  • the one layer may have a higher proportion of resistive or capacitive particles than the other layer.
  • the field control layer may also consist of at least two layers, one layer containing exclusively resistive and another layer exclusively capacitive particles. For several layers one above the other, the layers may alternate in their order.
  • the field control layer may consist of one layer and contain a mixture of resistive and capacitive particles.
  • the field control layer can also consist of at least two layers, one layer containing a mixture of resistive and capacitive particles and the other layer containing only resistive or capacitive particles.
  • the layers may alternate in their order or composition in terms of their effect on the electric field.
  • the proportion of capacitive and / or resistive particles in the individual layers of the layer may be different.
  • the field control layer can be applied over the entire length of the insulator core. However, it can also extend only over partial areas, such as in the field of fittings.
  • the field control layer can also be divided into individual sections and thereby interrupted.
  • one layer may be longer than the other bordering the layerless section and extending beyond the layer above or below to the layerless section, so that the field influencing character of this situation comes exclusively to effect.
  • the individual layers of a field control layer can be separated from one another by insulating intermediate layers if differences in the conductivity in the contact region of the two layers themselves could lead to undesired changes in the field.
  • microvaristors are preferred, in particular ZnO.
  • a protective layer for example an insulating HTV silicone extrudate layer with extremely good tracking, erosion and weathering resistance, onto which the screens are then pushed.
  • This protective layer increases the outdoor resistance and can be up to 5 mm thick, advantageously between 2 mm and 3 mm.
  • the field control layer can be applied to the core by an extruder through which the core is pushed. If a layer with several layers is to be applied to the core, this can be done by a multi-stage nozzle or by several extruders arranged one behind the other. The application of the layers must be such that they adhere well to the insulator core and join together to form a layer. If necessary, the application of Haftverrnittiern required.
  • the invention offers the possibility of using a field control layer only at those points where critical disturbances of the electric field, in particular field strength peaks, can occur. As a result, the power losses at the insulators can be reduced to minimum values.
  • composition of the field control layer of layers with resistive and / or capacitive particles or the structure of the layer of two or more layers, in particular with different particles and / or particle proportions, as well as the variation of the overlap lengths of the layers can advantageously on the field disturbances to be eliminated, in particular field strength peaks , especially caused by local pollution.
  • the field distribution along the insulator is thereby made uniform. This avoids the formation of corona discharges, corona discharges and flashovers, which prevents premature aging of the material.
  • FIG. 1 a longitudinal section through a composite insulator 1 is shown.
  • a composite insulator 1 is the section of a long-rod insulator.
  • a field control layer 3 is applied on a core 2 made of glass fiber reinforced plastic.
  • it can have capacitive or resistive properties.
  • it may contain ZnO microvaristors for resistive field control.
  • the field control layer 3 is covered by a protective layer 4, which consists of an erosion and Kriechstromfesten material and the field control layer 3 protects against weathering and pollution.
  • the screens 5 are arranged at regular intervals, which are injected from one of the known polymeric plastics.
  • the field control layer 3 in a partial region of the insulator 1 consists of two layers 31 and 32, of which the layer 32 is arranged above the continuous layer 31.
  • the two layers 31 and 32 may have different field control properties. So can the outer Layer 32 capacitive and the continuous layer 31 have resistive properties. Such an arrangement of the layers may be advantageous, for example, in the field of fittings in terms of constructive field disturbances.
  • the field control layer 3 is uniformly thick throughout. In the area where the field control layer 3 is double-layered, by reducing the extrusion, the inner layer 31 can be thinned.
  • the outer layer 32 can be applied so thick that a uniform, uniform layer thickness is achieved.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show long-rod insulators 10, as used for example in high-voltage overhead lines.
  • the structure of the field control layers of these insulators may for example correspond to the structure as in the in the FIGS. 1 or 2 is described insulators described.
  • the insulators 10 each depend on a traverse 11 of a high-voltage mast, not shown here.
  • the attachment takes place in a known manner with a fitting 12 made of metal.
  • the conductor cables 14 are fastened by means of a further armature 13.
  • the isolators 10 which are 4 meters in length, are only partially cut-off, as in FIG FIG. 3 represented, or only in a certain area on a fitting, as in FIG. 4 shown coated with a field control layer.
  • the insulator 10 in FIG. 3 each has five equal areas 15 in which the core is covered with a field control layer. They are each interrupted by areas of equal size without field control layer.
  • the insulator 10 in FIG. 4 has a portion 16 which is covered with a field control layer and which extends from the armature 13, to which the conductors 14 are attached, upwards over one third of the rod length.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a transition region from a fitting to the shield shell area in longitudinal section. It is a section through the end of an insulator with a fitting to which the conductors are attached, as in the Figures 3 or 4 is shown. Matching features with the Figures 2 . 3 and 4 are designated by the same reference numerals.
  • the core consists of a rod 2 made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, which is coated with a field control layer 3, the in turn is enveloped by a protective layer 4. On this protective layer, the umbrellas 5 are raised.
  • the field control layer 3 corresponds in structure to that as shown in FIG FIG. 2 is shown.
  • the end of the rod 2 is enclosed by the fitting 13.
  • a layer 31 completely covers the core 2 of the insulator on the length visible in the illustration. It is a layer with resistive effect and contains microvaristors.
  • the capacitive field control is particularly suitable to reduce field strength peaks that are constructive, for example, by edges or stepped transitions, as they occur at the transition from a fitting to the insulator.
  • To improve the conductive contact between the layers and the fitting of the core enclosing cavity of the fitting may be coated with a conductive paint. Also deposits of wire loops or wire nets are, as not shown, possible.
  • FIG. 6 shows the result of a comparison test between a long-rod insulator whose surface corresponds to a field control layer FIG. 1 coated and a conventional long-rod insulator as reference insulator, which was equipped exclusively with HTV silicone without field control layer.
  • the umbrellas were each made of HTV silicone. The striking distance was 2765 mm.
  • a 3 mm thick polymer layer cross-sectional area: 1.8 cm 2 was applied to a GRP rod with a diameter of 16 mm.
  • the polymer layer for field control were microvaristors, ZnO varistors in powder form, in a proportion of 50 to 90% by weight, preferably 70% by weight with a particle size of 10 nm to 100 ⁇ m, preferably between 0, 1 [mu] m and 10 [mu] m have been added.
  • the filling level of the microvaristors was above the percolation limit, ie the microvaristors were in direct electrical contact with each other.
  • FIG. 6 On the left are the isolator with field control layer and on the right the reference insulator during the comparison test. With an applied AC voltage of 750 kV (effective), the insulators were irrigated. While the reference insulator under the bottom five, the conductor side facing screens shows strong discharge activities, the equipped with the field control layer insulator is completely discharge-free.
  • Fig. 3 is a flow chart for explaining the manufacture of an insulator.
  • the core 2 of the insulator to be produced is a rod which consists of a glass fiber reinforced plastic. This rod 2 is guided in the feed direction 20 by successively arranged stations, where it is completed to the insulator.
  • a bonding agent 211 is applied so that the layers of the field control layer 3 to be subsequently applied are intimately joined to the core 2.
  • a first layer 31 of the field control layer is applied, for example a layer with varistors, a layer with resistive character.
  • another extruder 23 is provided for applying the further layer 32, for example a layer with a capacitive character.
  • the next extruder 24 applies the protective layer 4.
  • the insulator core can now be separated with a separating tool 25.
  • the screens can be extruded or the already prefabricated umbrellas 5 are postponed.
  • a thermal treatment 27 for curing the field control layer, the protective layer and the screens concludes the manufacture of the insulator 1; 10 off. After preparing the ends of the rod, the fittings can be attached to it.

Claims (19)

  1. Isolateur composite (1, 10) contenant un noyau (2) et une couche de protection (4) qui entoure le noyau (2), une couche de contrôle de champ (3) étant disposée entre le noyau (2) et la couche de protection (4) au moins dans une portion (15, 16) de l'isolateur (1, 10), laquelle contient en tant que matière de remplissage des particules qui influencent le champ électrique de l'isolateur,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la couche de contrôle de champ (3) comprend une strate (31, 32), la proportion de particules qui influencent le champ électrique étant différente sur la longueur de la strate (31, 32).
  2. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de contrôle de champ (3) se compose d'une, de deux strates (31, 32) ou plus et en ce que les strates (31, 32) individuelles possèdent des propriétés de contrôle de champ différentes.
  3. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche de contrôle de champ (3) se compose d'une strate (31, 32) et contient comme masse de remplissage exclusivement des particules résistives ou capacitives.
  4. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche de contrôle de champ (3) se compose d'au moins deux strates (31, 32) et en ce que l'une des strates (31, 32) présente une proportion de particules résistives ou capacitives plus élevée que l'autre.
  5. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche de contrôle de champ (3) se compose d'au moins deux strates (31, 32) et en ce que l'une des strates (31) contient exclusivement des particules résistives et l'autre (32) exclusivement des particules capacitives.
  6. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche de contrôle de champ (3) se compose d'une strate (31, 32) et contient un mélange de particules résistives et capacitives.
  7. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche de contrôle de champ (3) se compose d'au moins deux strates (31, 32) et en ce que l'une des strates (31, 32) contient un mélange de particules résistives ou capacitives et l'autre couche (31, 32) exclusivement des particules résistives ou capacitives.
  8. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas de plusieurs strates (31, 32), les strates (31, 32) d'une couche de contrôle de champ (3) sont alternées les unes au-dessus des autres dans leur séquence et/ou composition en fonction de leur effet sur le champ électrique.
  9. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la proportion de particules capacitives et/ou résistives dans les strates (31, 32) individuelles de la couche (3) est différente.
  10. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 9, caractérisé en ce que la couche de contrôle de champ (3) est appliquées en portions (15) individuelles sur la longueur du noyau (2) de l'isolateur (10).
  11. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas d'une couche de contrôle de champ (3) qui est divisée en portions individuelles et qui se compose d'au moins deux strates (31, 32), dans la zone frontière avec la portion sans couche, une strate (31, 32) est plus longue que l'autre et s'étend au-delà de la strate (31, 32) qui se trouve au-dessus ou en-dessous de celle-ci jusqu'à la portion sans couche.
  12. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que les strates (31, 32) individuelles de la couche de contrôle de champ (3) sont séparées les unes des autres par une strate en un matériau isolant.
  13. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la proportion de particules dans une couche est comprise entre 50 et 90 % massiques, de préférence égale à 70 % massiques.
  14. Isolateur composite (1, 10) selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la proportion de particules, le taux de remplissage, est supérieur au seuil de percolation.
  15. Procédé de fabrication d'un isolateur composite (1, 10) contenant un noyau (2) et une couche de protection (4) qui entoure le noyau (2), selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14,
    caractérisé en ce
    que dans au moins une portion (15, 16) est appliquée sur le noyau (2) de l'isolateur (1, 10) une couche de contrôle de champ (3) constituée d'au moins une strate (31, 32) en un matériau élastomère qui présente une proportion de particules influençant le champ électrique de l'isolateur (1, 10) variable sur la longueur de la couche et en ce que l'ensemble du noyau (2) sur lequel a été appliquée la couche de contrôle de champ (3) est recouvert de la couche de protection (4) et en ce que l'isolateur (1, 10) est ensuite soumis à un traitement thermique (27) pour la vulcanisation des matières plastiques.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que la couche de contrôle de champ (3) est appliquée en au moins deux strates (31, 32) ayant des effets différents sur le champ électrique.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 15 ou 16, caractérisé en ce que la couche de contrôle de champ (3) est appliquée en portions (15) sur le noyau (2) de l'isolateur.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que dans le cas d'une couche de contrôle de champ (3) qui est divisée en portions individuelles et qui se compose d'au moins deux strates (31, 32), une strate (31, 32) est appliquée dans la zone frontière avec la portion sans couche au-dessus ou en-dessous de la strate (31, 32) qui se trouve au-dessus de celle-ci jusqu'à la portion sans couche.
  19. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 15 à 18, caractérisé en ce que l'apport de particules influençant le champ électrique de l'isolateur (1, 10) lors de l'application de la strate (31, 32) de la couche de contrôle de champ (3) sur le noyau (2)
    s'effectue en quantités différentes vers le produit d'extrusion.
EP09709505A 2008-02-14 2009-02-12 Isolateur composite à commande de champ Active EP2243145B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09709505T PL2243145T3 (pl) 2008-02-14 2009-02-12 Izolator kompozytowy, sterowany polowo
SI200930550T SI2243145T1 (sl) 2008-02-14 2009-02-12 Kompozitni izolator za kontrolo električnega polja

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008009333A DE102008009333A1 (de) 2008-02-14 2008-02-14 Feldgesteuerter Verbundisolator
PCT/EP2009/000983 WO2009100904A1 (fr) 2008-02-14 2009-02-12 Isolateur composite à commande de champ

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2243145A1 EP2243145A1 (fr) 2010-10-27
EP2243145B1 true EP2243145B1 (fr) 2013-01-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09709505A Active EP2243145B1 (fr) 2008-02-14 2009-02-12 Isolateur composite à commande de champ

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US8637769B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2243145B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5302978B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2715651C (fr)
DE (2) DE102008009333A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2401885T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2243145T3 (fr)
SI (1) SI2243145T1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009100904A1 (fr)

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DE102010043990A1 (de) * 2010-11-16 2012-05-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Isolatoranordnung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Isolatoranordnung
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EP3050184A4 (fr) * 2013-09-25 2017-05-24 3M Innovative Properties Company Compositions permettant la gradation d'un champ électrique
FR3057697B1 (fr) * 2016-10-18 2020-02-14 Sediver Sa Isolateur pour lignes electriques aeriennes avec un detecteur de courant de fuite protege
JP6737407B2 (ja) * 2017-07-13 2020-08-05 住友電気工業株式会社 非オーム性組成物およびその製造方法、ケーブル中間接続用ユニット並びにケーブル終端接続用ユニット
CA2989069A1 (fr) * 2017-12-13 2019-06-13 Hydro-Quebec Composite, traverse enrobee du composite et leur utilisation dans un reseau electrique
EP3591672B1 (fr) * 2018-07-02 2023-03-29 Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG Isolant a gradient de résistivité
EP3813082B1 (fr) * 2019-10-21 2023-07-19 Hitachi Energy Switzerland AG Ailette d'isolateur ayant une pointe non circulaire
DE102022206149A1 (de) 2022-06-21 2023-12-21 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Durchführungsisolator

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ATE546818T1 (de) * 2004-03-15 2012-03-15 Abb Research Ltd Hochspannungsdurchführung mit feldsteuermaterial
DE102005041167A1 (de) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-01 Obo Bettermann Gmbh & Co. Kg Blitzstromableitvorrichtung
EP1870975B1 (fr) * 2006-06-21 2010-08-04 ABB Technology Ltd Dispositif de commande de champ électrique
EP1936638A1 (fr) * 2006-12-18 2008-06-25 Abb Research Ltd. Isolant électrique et son utilisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5302978B2 (ja) 2013-10-02
US8637769B2 (en) 2014-01-28
DE202009018686U1 (de) 2012-11-06
DE102008009333A1 (de) 2009-08-20
WO2009100904A1 (fr) 2009-08-20
CA2715651A1 (fr) 2009-08-20
SI2243145T1 (sl) 2013-05-31
EP2243145A1 (fr) 2010-10-27
PL2243145T3 (pl) 2013-06-28
CA2715651C (fr) 2016-05-24
ES2401885T3 (es) 2013-04-25
US20110017488A1 (en) 2011-01-27
JP2011514626A (ja) 2011-05-06

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