WO2010150865A1 - 結晶 - Google Patents
結晶 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010150865A1 WO2010150865A1 PCT/JP2010/060798 JP2010060798W WO2010150865A1 WO 2010150865 A1 WO2010150865 A1 WO 2010150865A1 JP 2010060798 W JP2010060798 W JP 2010060798W WO 2010150865 A1 WO2010150865 A1 WO 2010150865A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to 2- ⁇ 4- [N- (5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl) -N-isopropylamino] butyloxy ⁇ -N- (methylsulfonyl) acetamide (hereinafter referred to as “Compound A”). Of the new crystals.
- Compound A has an excellent PGI2 receptor agonistic action, and is known to exhibit various medicinal effects such as platelet aggregation inhibitory action, vasodilatory action, bronchial muscle dilator action, lipid deposition inhibitory action, leukocyte activation inhibitory action, etc. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). Specifically, Compound A can be used for transient cerebral ischemic attack (TIA), diabetic neuropathy, diabetic gangrene, peripheral circulatory disturbances (eg, chronic arterial occlusion, intermittent claudication, peripheral arterial embolism, vibrations).
- TIA transient cerebral ischemic attack
- TIA transient cerebral ischemic attack
- diabetic neuropathy e.g, diabetic neuropathy
- diabetic gangrene e.g, peripheral circulatory disturbances (eg, chronic arterial occlusion, intermittent claudication, peripheral arterial embolism, vibrations).
- Compound A is also known to be useful as an angiogenesis promoter such as gene therapy or autologous bone marrow cell transplantation, and an angiogenesis promoter in peripheral vascular reconstruction or angiogenesis (for example, patents). Reference 1). As described above, although compound A is known to be useful as a therapeutic agent for various diseases, there is no description or suggestion of the presence or absence of crystals.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a novel crystal of Compound A having an excellent medicinal effect.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the crystal and a pharmaceutical composition containing the crystal as an active ingredient.
- Examples of the present invention include the following (1) to (4).
- the obtained value is within the range of the value ⁇ 0.2 degrees, preferably within the range of the value ⁇ 0.1 degrees. Should be understood as.
- 1 represents a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart of the present invention type I crystal.
- the vertical axis represents peak intensity (cps) and the horizontal axis represents diffraction angle (2 ⁇ [°]).
- 3 shows a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart of the type II crystal of the present invention.
- the vertical axis represents peak intensity (cps) and the horizontal axis represents diffraction angle (2 ⁇ [°]).
- 3 shows a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart of the present invention type III crystal.
- the vertical axis represents peak intensity (cps) and the horizontal axis represents diffraction angle (2 ⁇ [°]).
- 1 represents a scanning electron micrograph of a type I crystal of the present invention.
- 1 represents a scanning electron micrograph of a type II crystal of the present invention.
- 3 represents a scanning electron micrograph of the present invention type III crystal.
- the type I crystal of the present invention is characterized by showing diffraction peaks at least at 9.4, 9.8, 17.2, and 19.4 degrees in the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum.
- the type II crystal of the present invention is characterized by showing diffraction peaks at least 9.0 degrees, 12.9 degrees, 20.7 degrees and 22.6 degrees in the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum.
- the type III crystal of the present invention is characterized by showing diffraction peaks at least at 9.3 degrees, 9.7 degrees, 16.8 degrees, 20.6 degrees and 23.5 degrees in the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum.
- Process 1 6-iodo-2,3-diphenylpyrazine can be produced by reacting 6-chloro-2,3-diphenylpyrazine with sodium iodide. This reaction is performed in an organic solvent (for example, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or a mixed solvent thereof) in the presence of an acid. Examples of the acid used include acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and mixed acids thereof.
- the amount of sodium iodide used is, for example, in the range of 1 to 10 times the molar amount relative to 6-chloro-2,3-diphenylpyrazine, preferably 2 to 3 times the molar amount. Within the molar range.
- the reaction temperature varies depending on the raw materials used and the type of acid, but is usually within the range of 60 ° C to 90 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the raw materials to be used, the type of acid, and the reaction temperature, but it is usually within the range of 9 to 15 hours.
- 5,6-Diphenyl-2- [4-hydroxybutyl (isopropyl) amino] pyrazine can be produced by reacting 6-iodo-2,3-diphenylpyrazine with 4-hydroxybutyl (isopropyl) amine. This reaction is performed in the presence of a base in an organic solvent (for example, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylimidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide, or a mixed solvent thereof).
- a base for example, sulfolane, N-methylpyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylimidazolidinone, dimethyl sulfoxide, or a mixed solvent thereof.
- the base to be used include sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate or a mixed base thereof.
- the amount of 4-hydroxybutyl (isopropyl) amine used is, for example, suitably in the range of 1.5-fold molar amount to 5.0-fold molar amount with respect to 6-iodo-2,3-diphenylpyrazine, Preferably, it is in the range of 2-fold molar amount to 3-fold molar amount.
- the reaction temperature varies depending on the raw materials used and the type of base, but is usually within the range of 170 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the raw materials and bases used and the reaction temperature, but it is usually within the range of 5 to 9 hours.
- Compound A can be prepared by reacting 5,6-diphenyl-2- [4-hydroxybutyl (isopropyl) amino] pyrazine with N- (2-chloroacetyl) -methanesulfonamide. This reaction is carried out in an organic solvent (N-methylpyrrolidone, 2-methyl-2-propanol or a mixed solvent thereof) in the presence of a base.
- organic solvent N-methylpyrrolidone, 2-methyl-2-propanol or a mixed solvent thereof
- Examples of the base used include potassium t-butoxide, sodium t-butoxide, and mixed bases thereof.
- the amount of N- (2-chloroacetyl) -methanesulfonamide to be used is, for example, from 2 to 4 times mol to 5,6-diphenyl-2- [4-hydroxybutyl (isopropyl) amino] pyrazine.
- the range of the amount is appropriate, and is preferably in the range of 2 to 3 times the molar amount.
- the reaction temperature varies depending on the raw materials used and the type of base, but is usually within the range of ⁇ 20 ° C. to 20 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the raw materials and bases used and the reaction temperature, but it is usually within the range of 0.5 to 2 hours.
- Each compound used as a raw material in the manufacturing method of the said compound A is a well-known compound, or can be manufactured according to a well-known method.
- Invention Crystal B. Production of Invention Type I Crystal, Invention Type II Crystal, Invention Type III Crystal (hereinafter collectively referred to as “Invention Crystal”)
- I Production of Invention Type I Crystal
- the solvent that can be used in this step for example, an alcohol solvent or a mixed solvent of an alcohol solvent and a ketone solvent is suitable.
- the alcohol solvent that can be used in this step for example, methanol, ethanol, or 2-propanol is suitable, and ethanol is preferred.
- a ketone solvent that can be used in this step for example, methyl ethyl ketone is suitable.
- the solvent that can be used in this step is preferably ethanol or a mixed solvent of ethanol and methyl ethyl ketone.
- ethanol is suitably in the range of 1.5 times (v / v) to 100 times (v / v) with respect to methyl ethyl ketone, and 3 times (v / v). It is preferably in the range of v) to 50 times (v / v), more preferably in the range of 6 times (v / v) to 20 times (v / v).
- the total amount of the solvent that can be used in this step is preferably in the range of 2 times (mL / g) to 30 times (mL / g) with respect to Compound A, and 3 times (mL / g) to 20 times (mL / g).
- the range of g) is more preferable, for example, the range of 4 times (mL / g) to 15 times (mL / g) is particularly preferable.
- the heating temperature varies depending on the type of solvent and the amount of the solvent used, but is usually not higher than the boiling point of the solvent, preferably in the range of 60 ° C. to 100 ° C., particularly preferably in the range of 70 ° C. to 90 ° C.
- the solution of Compound A may be filtered to remove insoluble matters.
- filtration is preferably carried out under pressure using a funnel with a heating device.
- crystal precipitation is observed in the filtrate, it is preferable to reheat and re-dissolve after filtration.
- Cooling step This step is a step of cooling the solution prepared in the above step (1) to precipitate the present invention type I crystal.
- a crystallizer with a heating function and a stirring function.
- the cooling temperature (temperature at which the precipitated crystals are collected) is suitably within the range of ⁇ 10 ° C. to 50 ° C., preferably within the range of 0 ° C.
- a seed crystal of the type I crystal of the present invention may be added.
- the solution is cooled to a range of 60 ° C. to 90 ° C. It is preferable to add at the time.
- the amount of seed crystal added to the type I crystal of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 1 to 10% by weight with respect to compound A.
- This step is a step of collecting and drying the precipitated crystals obtained in the step (2) by known means such as filtration and centrifugation.
- the drying step can be performed by a conventional method such as drying under reduced pressure or drying with a desiccant, and is preferably performed under reduced pressure, and is performed at 20 ° C. to 70 ° C. and 10 mmHg or less for 1 hour to 48 hours. More preferred.
- the solvent prepared by heating and stirring the solution prepared in the step (1) is distilled off to partially precipitate crystals, and then the steps (2) and (3).
- the type I crystal of the present invention may be added as a seed crystal.
- the amount of the seed crystal added is, for example, 0.1% with respect to the compound A used in the step (1). It is preferably in the range of 10% to 10% by weight.
- (II) Production of Type II Crystal of the Present Invention The type II crystal of the present invention can be obtained, for example, by the method described below.
- (1) Dissolution Step This step is a step in which Compound A is heated and dissolved in a solvent.
- a solvent that can be used in this step for example, an alcohol solvent, a ketone solvent, a saturated hydrocarbon solvent, an ether solvent, water, or a mixed solvent thereof is suitable.
- a mixed solvent of an ether solvent and a saturated hydrocarbon solvent or water, or a mixed solvent of an alcohol solvent and a ketone solvent or water is preferable.
- alcohol solvents that can be used in this step include linear or branched alcohols having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, specifically, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, Examples include 2-butanol, t-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, and 1-octanol.
- ether solvents that can be used in this step include tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane.
- saturated hydrocarbon solvent examples include linear or branched alkanes having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, or cycloalkanes having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, specifically hexane. , Heptane, octane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, and cyclooctane.
- ketone solvent examples include linear or branched C 3-8 carbon atoms, specifically, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- the total amount of the solvent that can be used in this step is, for example, suitably within the range of 2 times (mL / g) to 20 times (mL / g) with respect to Compound A, and 3 times (mL / g) to It is preferably in the range of 15 times (mL / g), more preferably in the range of 5 times (mL / g) to 10 times (mL / g).
- the heating temperature varies depending on the type and amount of the solvent used, but it is usually below the boiling point of the solvent and within a range of 60 ° C. to 90 ° C., and within a range of 70 ° C. to 80 ° C. preferable.
- the solution of Compound A may be filtered to remove insoluble matters.
- the filtration is preferably carried out under pressure using a funnel with a heating device.
- crystal precipitation is observed in the filtrate, it is preferable to reheat and re-dissolve after filtration.
- Cooling step This step is a step of cooling the solution prepared in the step (1) to precipitate the type II crystal of the present invention.
- a crystallizer with a heating function and a stirring function.
- the cooling temperature (temperature when collecting precipitated crystals) is, for example, suitably within the range of ⁇ 10 ° C. to 50 ° C., preferably within the range of 0 ° C.
- a seed crystal of the type II crystal of the present invention may be added.
- the amount of seed crystal added to the type II crystal of the present invention is preferably in the range of 1% by weight to 10% by weight with respect to the compound A used, for example.
- the type II crystal of the present invention is added to the solution prepared in the step (1). It is necessary to cool by adding seed crystals, or to quench the solution prepared in the step (1).
- the cooling rate is suitably in the range of 60 ° C./hour to 600 ° C./hour.
- the present invention type III crystal can be obtained, for example, by the following method.
- (1) Dissolution Step This step is a step in which Compound A is heated and dissolved in a solvent.
- the solvent that can be used in this step for example, ester solvents and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are suitable.
- the ester solvent that can be used in this step for example, diethyl carbonate, n-butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and n-amyl acetate are suitable, and n-butyl acetate is preferred.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent that can be used in this step
- ethylbenzene is suitable.
- the total amount of the solvent that can be used in this step is suitably within the range of 5 times (ml / g) to 30 times (ml / g) with respect to Compound A, and 7 times (ml / g) to 20 times. It is preferably within the range of (ml / g), more preferably within the range of 10 times (ml / g) to 15 times (ml / g).
- the heating temperature varies depending on the type of solvent and the amount used, but is usually not higher than the boiling point of the solvent and is suitably in the range of 40 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably in the range of 50 ° C to 80 ° C.
- the solution of Compound A may be filtered to remove insoluble matters.
- the filtration is preferably carried out under pressure using a funnel with a heating device. When crystal precipitation is observed in the filtrate, it is preferable to reheat and re-dissolve after filtration.
- Cooling step This step is a step of cooling the solution prepared in the step (1) to precipitate the present invention type III crystal.
- a crystallizer with a heating function and a stirring function.
- the cooling rate is suitably in the range of 0.5 ° C./hour to 120 ° C./hour.
- the cooling temperature (temperature at which the precipitated crystals are collected) is suitably within the range of ⁇ 10 ° C. to 30 ° C., preferably within the range of 0 ° C. to 20 ° C., and more preferably within the range of 0 ° C. to 10 ° C. .
- (3) Crystal collection and drying step This step can be performed by the same method as (3) Crystal collection and drying step in the production of the above-mentioned (I) Invention I crystal.
- Compound A according to the present invention has an excellent PGI2 receptor action, platelet aggregation inhibitory action, vasodilator action, bronchial muscle dilator action, lipid deposition inhibitory action, leukocyte activation inhibitory action Various medicinal effects such as action are shown (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- the crystal of the present invention or the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be used for transient ischemic attack (TIA), diabetic neuropathy, diabetic gangrene, peripheral circulatory disorder (for example, chronic arterial occlusion, intermittent claudication, peripheral artery Embolism, vibration disease, Raynaud's disease), collagen disease (eg systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, vasculitis syndrome), reocclusion / restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) Squeezing, arteriosclerosis, thrombosis (eg acute cerebral thrombosis, pulmonary embolism), hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic disease (eg cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction), angina (eg stable angina) , Unstable angina), glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, chronic renal failure, allergy, bronchial asthma, ulcer, pressure ulcer (bed so
- the crystal of the present invention or the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is also useful as a promoter for angiogenesis therapy such as gene therapy or autologous bone marrow cell transplantation, and an angiogenesis promoter in peripheral blood vessel reconstruction or angiogenesis therapy.
- angiogenesis therapy such as gene therapy or autologous bone marrow cell transplantation
- angiogenesis promoter in peripheral blood vessel reconstruction or angiogenesis therapy.
- the crystal of the present invention is preferably used as it is or in a pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic and inert carrier, for example, in the range of 0.1% to 99.5%. Is contained within the range of 0.5% to 90%.
- the carrier include solid, semi-solid or liquid diluents, fillers, and other formulation aids. One or more of these can be used.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention is a solid or liquid dosage unit, and is an orally administered preparation such as powder, capsule, tablet, dragee, granule, powder, suspension, liquid, syrup, elixir, troche, etc. Any form of parenteral preparations such as injections and suppositories can be used. It may be a sustained-release preparation. Among these, oral preparations such as tablets are particularly preferable.
- the powder can be produced by making the crystal of the present invention fine. Powders can be prepared by comminuting the crystals of the present invention to a suitable fineness and then mixing with a finely divided pharmaceutical carrier such as edible carbohydrates such as starch and mannitol.
- a flavoring agent, a preservative, a dispersing agent, a coloring agent, a fragrance and the like can be optionally added.
- Capsules are manufactured by first filling the powdered powder, powder or powder as described above into a capsule shell such as a gelatin capsule. can do. Manufactured by mixing lubricants and fluidizing agents such as colloidal silica, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and solid polyethylene glycol with powdered powders and powders, followed by filling operation can do.
- Disintegrants and Kayo household items such as carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose calcium, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, croscarmellose sodium, carboxymethyl starch sodium, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate
- the effectiveness of the medicine can be improved.
- the fine powder of the crystal of the present invention can be suspended and dispersed in vegetable oil, polyethylene glycol, glycerin, and a surfactant and wrapped in a gelatin sheet to form a soft capsule. Tablets can be manufactured by adding excipients to powdered crystals of the present invention to make a powder mixture, granulating or slugging, then adding a disintegrant or lubricant and then tableting. .
- the powder mixture can be produced by mixing appropriately crystallized crystals of the present invention with a diluent or base.
- a binder for example, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol
- a dissolution retardant for example, paraffin
- a resorbent for example, a quaternary salt
- An adsorbent for example, bentonite, kaolin
- the powder mixture can first be moistened with a binder such as syrup, starch paste, gum arabic, cellulose solution or polymer solution, stirred and mixed, dried and pulverized into granules.
- a tablet can be manufactured also by directly compressing after mixing this invention crystal
- a transparent or translucent protective film made of a shellac hermetic film, a sugar or polymer material film, and a polished film made of wax can also be used.
- Other oral dosage forms such as solutions, syrups, troches, elixirs, can also be in dosage unit form so that a given quantity contains a certain amount of crystals of the present invention.
- a syrup can be produced by dissolving the crystals of the present invention in an appropriate flavor aqueous solution.
- An elixir can be produced by using a non-toxic alcoholic carrier.
- the suspension can be produced by dispersing the crystal of the present invention in a non-toxic carrier.
- solubilizers and emulsifiers for example, ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols, polyoxyethylene sorbitol esters), preservatives, flavoring agents (for example, peppermint oil, saccharin), etc. may be added. it can.
- dosage unit formulations for oral administration can be microencapsulated. The formulation can also be extended in action time or sustained release by being coated or embedded in a polymer, wax or the like.
- a parenteral preparation can take the form of a liquid dosage unit, for example, a solution or suspension, which is subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously injected.
- the parenteral preparation is prepared by suspending or dissolving a certain amount of the crystal of the present invention in a non-toxic liquid carrier suitable for injection purposes, for example, an aqueous or oily medium, and then sterilizing the suspension or solution. Can be manufactured. In addition, stabilizers, preservatives, emulsifiers, and the like can be added.
- the suppository is a solid soluble or insoluble in water having a low melting point, such as polyethylene glycol, cocoa butter, semi-synthetic oil [for example, Witepsol (registered trademark)], higher esters (for example, palmitic acid). Myristyl ester) or a mixture thereof.
- the dose varies depending on the patient's condition such as body weight and age, administration route, nature and degree of illness, etc., but generally, 0.001 mg per day as the amount of the crystal of the present invention for an adult.
- the range of ⁇ 100 mg is suitable, and the range of 0.01 mg to 10 mg is preferable. In some cases, this may be sufficient, and vice versa.
- it can be administered once to several times a day or at intervals of 1 day to several days.
- the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum was measured by RINT-Ultima III (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) (target: Cu, voltage: 40 kV, current: 40 mA, scan speed: 4 degrees / min).
- Example 1 Production of Form I Crystal of the Invention Ethanol (440 mL) was added to Compound A (40 g), and the mixture was stirred while heating in an oil bath at 100 to 110 ° C. to dissolve Compound A, and then ethanol (280 mL) was added. Distilled off. The resulting concentrated solution was stirred for 1 hour while being heated to reflux in a water bath at 80 ° C. While stirring, the mixture was gradually cooled to 10 ° C. over 20 hours, and the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration. The obtained crystals were washed with a small amount of ethanol (48 mL) and dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. to obtain the present invention type I crystal (38.93 g, 97.3%). The powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of the present invention type I crystal is shown in FIG. Melting point: 140.4 ° C (Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Melting point measurement method 1st method)
- Example 2 In addition to Example 2 invention I crystals of Compound A (20 g) ethanol and (99 g) in methyl ethyl ketone (11g), was dissolved heated Compound A 77 ° C., gradually cooled over a period of 20 hours to 10 ° C. did. During cooling, a small amount of the inventive type I crystal was added. After cooling, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, washed with ethanol, and dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. to obtain the present invention type I crystal (18.72 g, 93.6%).
- Example 3 Production of Invention Type II Crystal Ethanol (550 g) and methyl ethyl ketone (55 g) were added to Compound A (100 g) and heated to 77 ° C., followed by hot pressure filtration. The obtained filtrate was cooled from 70 ° C. to 0 ° C. over 30 minutes with stirring, and after reaching 0 ° C., the mixture was stirred at 0 ° C. for 2.5 hours. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, washed with ethanol (200 mL), and dried under reduced pressure.
- Example 4 Production of Invention Type II Crystal Ethanol (99 g) and methyl ethyl ketone (11 g) were added to Compound A (20 g), heated to 77 ° C. to dissolve Compound A, and then cooled to 10 ° C. During cooling, a small amount of the type II crystal of the present invention was added. After cooling, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, washed with ethanol, and then dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. to obtain type II crystals of the present invention (19.70 g, 98.5%).
- Example 5 Production of Invention Type III Crystal n-Butyl acetate (500 mL) was added to Compound A (36.7 g) and heated to 75 ° C. to dissolve Compound A, and then cooled to 5 ° C. Subsequently, an operation of heating to 60 ° C. and cooling to 5 ° C. was performed, and this operation was repeated. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, washed with isopropyl acetate (50 mL), and dried under reduced pressure to obtain Form III crystals of the present invention (29.0 g, 79.0%). The powder X-ray diffraction spectrum of the present invention type III crystal is shown in FIG. Melting point: 138.0 ° C (Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Melting point measurement method 1st method)
- the crystals of the present invention used in the following Test Examples 1 to 3 were prepared by the method described below.
- the present type I crystal, the present type II crystal, and the present type III crystal were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2, Example 4, and Example 5, respectively.
- Test Example 1 Particle size measurement (1) Measurement of particle size distribution of crystal of the present invention 20 mg of the crystal of the present invention was added with 10 mL of a dispersion medium and shaken, and then dispersed using ultrasonic waves. The particle size distribution of this dispersion was determined using LA-910 (manufactured by Horiba Ltd.). The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, as a dispersion medium, a saturated solution of Compound A prepared with a 0.1 v / v% polysorbate 80 aqueous solution and filtered was used. D10: Represents a particle size ( ⁇ m) of 10% under sieve of a volume-based cumulative particle size distribution.
- D50 Represents the particle size ( ⁇ m) of 50% below the sieve of the volume-based cumulative particle size distribution.
- D90 represents a particle size ( ⁇ m) of 90% below the sieve of the volume-based cumulative particle size distribution.
- Test Example 2 Measurement of Residual Solvent Concentration Contained in Crystals of the Present Invention
- the residual solvent concentration contained in the crystals of the present invention was measured using the following measurement conditions. The results are shown in Table 2.
- GC device Detector: Hydrogen flame ionization detector
- Column Capillary column
- Inlet temperature 200 ° C
- Detector temperature 300 ° C
- Carrier gas helium None of the crystals of the present invention contain a high level of residual solvent in the crystal.
- the type I crystal of the present invention has a residual solvent contained in the crystal of another type II crystal of the present invention. Less than type III crystals.
- the impurity removal effect in the recrystallization process of the crystal of the present invention was measured using the following measurement conditions (reverse phase liquid chromatography).
- HPLC instrument Detector: UV spectrophotometer Column: ODS column Column temperature: 40 ° C
- Mobile phase Water / acetonitrile / methanesulfonic acid mixture
- Purity (%) of compound A in each crystal (Peak area of compound A in each crystal) / (sum of all peak areas) ⁇ 100
- the impurity removal rate (%) in each crystal was calculated by the following equation.
- Impurity removal rate in each crystal [ ⁇ (Purity of Compound A in each crystal) ⁇ (Purity of Compound A in the raw material) ⁇ / ⁇ 100 ⁇ (Purity of Compound A in the raw material) ⁇ ] ⁇ 100
- Table 3 The results are shown in Table 3. From the above results, the type I crystal of the present invention has a higher impurity removal effect in the recrystallization process than the other type II crystal of the present invention and type III crystal of the present invention.
- Test Example 4 Examination of Crystallization Solvent Crystallization examination was performed according to the following methods (1) and (2).
- a crystallization solvent (see Tables 4 and 5) was added to Compound A, and the mixture was stirred for 60 minutes while being heated to 50 ° C. and filtered. After filtration, the filtrate was stirred for 30 minutes while being heated to 60 ° C. Thereafter, the mixture was gradually cooled to 5 ° C. over 11 hours with stirring, stirred at 5 ° C. for 72 hours, and the precipitate was collected by filtration. The resulting precipitate was dried at 20 ° C. under reduced pressure. A powder X-ray diffraction spectrum was measured for the obtained precipitate, and a crystal form was determined.
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Abstract
Description
具体的には、化合物Aは、一過性脳虚血発作(TIA)、糖尿病性神経障害、糖尿病性壊疽、末梢循環障害(例えば、慢性動脈閉塞症、間欠性跛行、末梢動脈塞栓症、振動病、レイノー病)、膠原病(例えば、全身性エリテマトーデス、強皮症、混合性結合組織病、血管炎症候群)、経皮的冠動脈形成術(PTCA)後の再閉塞・再狭搾、動脈硬化症、血栓症(例えば、急性期脳血栓症、肺塞栓症)、高血圧、肺高血圧症、虚血性疾患(例えば、脳梗塞、心筋梗塞)、狭心症(例えば、安定狭心症、不安定狭心症)、糸球体腎炎、糖尿病性腎症、慢性腎不全、アレルギー、気管支喘息、潰瘍、蓐瘡(床ずれ)、アテレクトミー及びステント留置などの冠動脈インターベンション後の再狭窄、透析による血小板減少、臓器又は組織の線維化が関与する疾患[例えば、腎臓疾患(例えば、尿細管間質性腎炎)、呼吸器疾患(例えば、間質性肺炎(肺線維症)、慢性閉塞性肺疾患等)、消化器疾患(例えば、肝硬変、ウイルス性肝炎、慢性膵炎、スキルス胃癌)、心血管疾患(例えば、心筋線維症)、骨・関節疾患(例えば、骨髄線維症、関節リウマチ)、皮膚疾患(例えば、手術後の瘢痕、熱傷性瘢痕、ケロイド、肥厚性瘢痕)、産科疾患(例えば、子宮筋腫)、泌尿器疾患(例えば、前立腺肥大症)、その他の疾患(例えば、アルツハイマー病、硬化症腹膜炎、I型糖尿病、手術後臓器癒着)]、勃起不全(例えば、糖尿病性勃起不全、心因性勃起不全、精神病性勃起不全、慢性腎不全による勃起不全、前立腺摘出のための骨盤内手術後の勃起不全、加齢や動脈硬化に伴う血管性勃起不全)、炎症性腸疾患(例えば、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、腸結核、虚血性大腸炎、ベーチェット病に伴う腸潰瘍)、胃炎、胃潰瘍、虚血性眼疾患(例えば、網膜動脈閉塞症、網膜静脈閉塞症、虚血性視神経症)、突発性難聴、無血管性骨壊死、非ステロイド性抗炎症剤(NSAIDs)(例えば、ジクロフェナック、メロキシカム、オキサプロジン、ナブメトン、インドメタシン、イブプロフェン、ケトプロフェン、ナプロキセン、セレコキシブ)投与に伴う腸管傷害(例えば、十二指腸、小腸、大腸で発症する傷害であれば特に制限されないが、例えば、十二指腸、小腸、大腸に生じるびらん等の粘膜傷害や潰瘍)、脊柱管狭窄症(例えば、頚部脊柱管狭窄症、胸部脊柱管狭窄症、腰部脊柱管狭窄症、広範脊柱管狭窄症、仙骨狭窄症)に伴う症状(例えば、麻痺、知覚鈍麻、疼痛、しびれ、歩行能力の低下)の予防剤又は治療剤として有用であることが知られている(例えば、特許文献1~6参照)。また、化合物Aは、遺伝子治療又は自己骨髄細胞移植などの血管新生療法の促進剤、末梢血管再建術又は血管新生療法における血管形成促進剤としても有用であることが知られている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
上記の通り、化合物Aが各種疾患に対する治療薬等として有用であることが知られているものの、結晶の存在の有無などについては記載も示唆もされていない。
そこで本発明者らは鋭意研究を重ねた結果、化合物Aの新規な結晶を見出し、本発明を完成した。
(1)粉末X線回折図がCu Kα放射線(λ=1.54Å)を用いて得られるものであって、化合物Aの粉末X線回折スペクトルにおいて、少なくとも次の回折角2θ:9.4度、9.8度、17.2度及び19.4度に回折ピークを示す、化合物AのI型結晶(以下、「本発明I型結晶」という。)、
(2)粉末X線回折図がCu Kα放射線(λ=1.54Å)を用いて得られるものであって、化合物Aの粉末X線回折スペクトルにおいて、少なくとも次の回折角2θ:9.0度、12.9度、20.7度及び22.6度に回折ピークを示す、化合物AのII型結晶(以下、「本発明II型結晶」という。)、
(3)粉末X線回折図がCu Kα放射線(λ=1.54Å)を用いて得られるものであって、化合物Aの粉末X線回折スペクトルにおいて、少なくとも次の回折角2θ:9.3度、9.7度、16.8度、20.6度及び23.5度に回折ピークを示す、化合物AのIII型結晶(以下、「本発明III型結晶」という。)、
(4)(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の結晶を有効成分として含有する医薬組成物(以下、「本発明医薬組成物」という。)。
本発明II型結晶は、粉末X線回折スペクトルにおいて、少なくとも9.0度、12.9度、20.7度及び22.6度に回折ピークを示すことを特徴とする。
本発明III型結晶は、粉末X線回折スペクトルにおいて、少なくとも9.3度、9.7度、16.8度、20.6度及び23.5度に回折ピークを示すことを特徴とする。
化合物Aは、例えば、特許文献1に記載の方法により製造することができるが、以下に記載の製法によっても製造することができる。
工程1
6-クロロ-2,3-ジフェニルピラジンとヨウ化ナトリウムを反応させることにより6-ヨード-2,3-ジフェニルピラジンを製造することができる。本反応は、酸の存在下に、有機溶媒(例えば、酢酸エチル、アセトニトリル、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、又はこれらの混合溶媒)中で行われる。使用される酸としては、例えば、酢酸、硫酸、又はこれらの混合酸が挙げられる。ヨウ化ナトリウムの使用量としては、例えば、6-クロロ-2,3-ジフェニルピラジンに対して1倍モル量~10倍モル量の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは2倍モル量~3倍モル量の範囲内である。反応温度は、使用する原料及び酸の種類によって異なるが、通常60℃~90℃の範囲内で行われる。反応時間は、使用する原料及び酸の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常9時間~15時間の範囲内が適当である。
工程2
6-ヨード-2,3-ジフェニルピラジンと4-ヒドロキシブチル(イソプロピル)アミンを反応させることにより5,6-ジフェニル-2-[4-ヒドロキシブチル(イソプロピル)アミノ]ピラジンを製造することができる。本反応は、塩基の存在下に、有機溶媒(例えば、スルホラン、N-メチルピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン、ジメチルスルホキシド又はこれらの混合溶媒)中で行われる。使用される塩基としては、例えば、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム又はこれらの混合塩基が挙げられる。4-ヒドロキシブチル(イソプロピル)アミンの使用量としては、例えば、6-ヨード-2,3-ジフェニルピラジンに対して1.5倍モル量~5.0倍モル量の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは2倍モル量~3倍モル量の範囲内である。反応温度は、使用する原料及び塩基の種類によって異なるが、通常170℃~200℃の範囲内で行われる。反応時間は、使用する原料及び塩基の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常5時間~9時間の範囲内が適当である。
工程3
5,6-ジフェニル-2-[4-ヒドロキシブチル(イソプロピル)アミノ]ピラジンとN-(2-クロロアセチル)-メタンスルホンアミドを反応させることにより化合物Aを製造することができる。本反応は、塩基存在下に、有機溶媒(N-メチルピロリドン、2-メチル-2-プロパノール又はこれらの混合溶媒)中で行われる。使用される塩基は、例えば、カリウムt-ブトキシド、ナトリウム t-ブトキシド又はこれらの混合塩基が挙げられる。N-(2-クロロアセチル)-メタンスルホンアミドの使用量としては、例えば、5,6-ジフェニル-2-[4-ヒドロキシブチル(イソプロピル)アミノ]ピラジンに対して2倍モル量~4倍モル量の範囲内が適当であり、好ましくは2倍モル量~3倍モル量の範囲内である。反応温度は、使用する原料及び塩基の種類によって異なるが、通常-20℃~20℃の範囲内で行われる。反応時間は、使用する原料及び塩基の種類、反応温度によって異なるが、通常0.5時間~2時間の範囲内が適当である。
上記化合物Aの製法において原料として用いられる各化合物は、公知化合物であるか、又は公知の方法に準じて製造することができる。
(I)本発明I型結晶の製造
本発明I型結晶は、例えば、次に記載の方法により得ることができる。
(1)溶解工程
本工程は、化合物Aを溶媒に加熱して溶解させる工程である。本工程において使用しうる溶媒としては、例えば、アルコール系溶媒、アルコール系溶媒とケトン系溶媒との混合溶媒が適当である。本工程に使用しうるアルコール系溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、又は、2-プロパノールが適当であり、エタノールが好ましい。本工程において使用しうるケトン系溶媒としては、例えば、メチルエチルケトンが適当である。
特に、本工程において使用しうる溶媒としては、エタノール又はエタノールとメチルエチルケトンの混合溶媒が好ましい。エタノールとメチルエチルケトンの混合溶媒の混合比としては、例えば、メチルエチルケトンに対してエタノールが1.5倍(v/v)~100倍(v/v)の範囲内が適当であり、3倍(v/v)~50倍(v/v)の範囲内が好ましく、6倍(v/v)~20倍(v/v)の範囲内がより好ましい。
本工程に使用しうる溶媒の全量は、化合物Aに対して2倍(mL/g)~30倍(mL/g)の範囲内が好ましく、3倍(mL/g)~20倍(mL/g)の範囲内がさらに好ましく、例えば、4倍(mL/g)~15倍(mL/g)の範囲内が特に好ましい。加熱温度は、溶媒の種類及びその使用量によって異なるが、通常、溶媒の沸点以下であって、かつ、60℃~100℃の範囲内が好ましく、70℃~90℃の範囲内が特に好ましい。
本工程において、必要であれば、不溶物を除去するために化合物Aの溶液をろ過してもよい。ろ過中の結晶析出を防ぐために、ろ過は加圧下で、加熱装置付きロートを用いて実施するのが好ましい。ろ過液に結晶析出が見られる場合には、ろ過後に再加熱して再溶解するのが好ましい。
(2)冷却工程
本工程は、上記(1)の工程で調製した溶液を冷却して本発明I型結晶を析出させる工程である。本工程は、加温機能及び撹拌機能付き晶析装置を使用することが好ましい。
冷却温度(析出結晶を採取するときの温度)は、-10℃~50℃の範囲内が適当であり、0℃~20℃の範囲内が好ましく、0℃~10℃の範囲内がより好ましい。本工程では、当該冷却温度に到達するまで3時間~95時間かけて徐冷することが好ましい。
また、本工程において、本発明I型結晶の種結晶を添加してもよいが、本発明I型結晶の種結晶を添加する場合には、溶液が60℃~90℃の範囲内に冷却された時に添加するのが好ましい。本発明I型結晶の種結晶の添加量は特に問わないが、化合物Aに対して1重量%~10重量%の範囲内が好ましい。
(3)結晶採取、乾燥工程
本工程は、上記(2)の工程で得られる析出結晶をろ過、遠心分離など公知の手段によって採取し、乾燥させる工程である。
乾燥工程は、減圧乾燥、乾燥剤による乾燥等、常法により行うことができ、減圧下に行うのが好ましく、20℃~70℃、10mmHg以下で1時間~48時間の範囲内で行うことがより好ましい。
また、上記(1)の工程の後に、上記(1)の工程で調製した溶液を加熱攪拌下で溶媒を留去して結晶を一部析出させた後、上記工程(2)、(3)を行うことにより、本発明I型結晶を得ることができる。溶媒を留去する工程において、本発明I型結晶を種晶として添加してもよく、該種晶の添加量は、例えば、上記(1)の工程で用いられる化合物Aに対して0.1重量%~10重量%の範囲内が好ましい。
(II)本発明II型結晶の製造
本発明II型結晶は、例えば、次に記載の方法により得ることができる。
(1)溶解工程
本工程は、化合物Aを溶媒に加熱して溶解させる工程である。本工程において使用しうる溶媒としては、例えば、アルコール系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、飽和炭化水素系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、水、又はこれらの混合溶媒が適当である。混合溶媒としては、例えば、エーテル系溶媒と飽和炭化水素系溶媒若しくは水との混合溶媒、又は、アルコール溶媒とケトン系溶媒若しくは水との混合溶媒が好ましい。本工程に使用しうるアルコール系溶媒としては、例えば、直鎖状又は分枝鎖状の炭素数1~8のアルコール、具体的には、メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、イソプロパノール、1-ブタノール、2-ブタノール、t-ブタノール、1-ペンタノール、1-ヘキサノール、1-ヘプタノール、1-オクタノールを挙げることができる。本工程に使用しうるエーテル系溶媒としては、例えば、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサンを挙げることができる。本工程において使用しうる飽和炭化水素系溶媒としては、例えば、直鎖状若しくは分枝鎖状の炭素数6~8のアルカン、又は、炭素数6~8のシクロアルカン、具体的には、ヘキサン、ヘプタン、オクタン、シクロヘキサン、シクロヘプタン、シクロオクタンを挙げることができる。本工程において使用しうるケトン系溶媒としては、例えば、直鎖状又は分枝鎖状の炭素数3~8のもの、具体的には、アセトン、メチルエチルケトンを挙げることができる。
本工程において使用しうる溶媒の全量としては、例えば、化合物Aに対して2倍(mL/g)~20倍(mL/g)の範囲内が適当であり、3倍(mL/g)~15倍(mL/g)の範囲内が好ましく、5倍(mL/g)~10倍(mL/g)の範囲内がより好ましい。加熱温度は、使用する溶媒の種類及び使用量によって異なるが、通常、溶媒の沸点以下であって、かつ、60℃~90℃の範囲内が適当であり、70℃~80℃の範囲内が好ましい。
本工程において、必要であれば、不溶物を除去するために化合物Aの溶液をろ過してもよい。ろ過中の結晶析出を防ぐために、ろ過は加圧下で、加温装置付きロートを用いて実施するのが好ましい。ろ過液に結晶析出が見られる場合には、ろ過後に再加熱して再溶解するのが好ましい。
(2)冷却工程
本工程は、上記(1)の工程で調製した溶液を冷却して本発明II型結晶を析出させる工程である。本工程は、加温機能及び撹拌機能付き晶析装置を使用することが好ましい。
冷却温度(析出結晶を採取するときの温度)は、例えば、-10℃~50℃の範囲内が適当であり、0℃~20℃の範囲内が好ましく、0℃~10℃の範囲内が好ましい。
また、本工程において、本発明II型結晶の種結晶を添加してもよい。本発明II型結晶の種結晶の添加量は、例えば、用いられる化合物Aに対して1重量%~10重量%の範囲内が好ましい。
但し、アルコール系溶媒、又はアルコール系溶媒とケトン系溶媒との混合溶媒を用いて本発明II型結晶を製造する場合には、上記(1)の工程で調製した溶液に本発明II型結晶の種結晶を添加して冷却するか、又は、上記(1)の工程で調製した溶液を急冷する必要がある。冷却速度は、60℃/時間~600℃/時間の範囲内が適当である。
(3)結晶採取、乾燥工程
本工程は、上記(I)本発明I結晶の製造の(3)結晶採取、乾燥工程と同様の方法により行うことができる。
(III)本発明III型結晶の製造
本発明III型結晶は、例えば、次に記載の方法により得ることができる。
(1)溶解工程
本工程は、化合物Aを溶媒に加熱して溶解させる工程である。本工程において使用しうる溶媒としては、例えば、エステル系溶媒、芳香族炭化水素系溶媒が適当である。本工程に使用しうるエステル系溶媒としては、例えば、炭酸ジエチル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸イソアミル、酢酸n-アミルが適当であり、酢酸n-ブチルが好ましい。本工程において使用しうる芳香族炭化水素系溶媒としては、例えば、エチルベンゼンが適当である。
本工程において使用しうる溶媒の全量としては、化合物Aに対して5倍(ml/g)~30倍(ml/g)の範囲内が適当であり、7倍(ml/g)~20倍(ml/g)の範囲内が好ましく、10倍(ml/g)~15倍(ml/g)の範囲内がより好ましい。加熱温度は、溶媒の種類及び使用量によって異なるが、通常、溶媒の沸点以下であって、かつ、40℃~90℃の範囲内が適当であり、50℃~80℃の範囲内が好ましい。
本工程において、必要であれば、不溶物を除去するために化合物Aの溶液をろ過してもよい。ろ過中の結晶析出を防ぐために、ろ過は加圧下で、加温装置付きロートを用いて実施するのが好ましい。ろ過液に結晶析出が見られる場合には、ろ過後に再加熱して再溶解するのが好ましい。
(2)冷却工程
本工程は、上記(1)の工程で調整した溶液を冷却して本発明III型結晶を析出させる工程である。本工程は、加温機能及び撹拌機能付き晶析装置を使用することが好ましい。
冷却速度は、0.5℃/時間~120℃/時間の範囲内が適当である。冷却温度(析出結晶を採取するときの温度)は、-10℃~30℃の範囲内が適当であり、0℃~20℃の範囲内が好ましく、0℃~10℃の範囲内がより好ましい。
(3)結晶採取、乾燥工程
本工程は、上記(I)本発明I結晶の製造の(3)結晶採取、乾燥工程と同様の方法により行うことができる。
本発明に係る化合物Aは、優れたPGI2受容体作動作用を有し、血小板凝集抑制作用、血管拡張作用、気管支筋拡張作用、脂質沈着抑制作用、白血球活性化抑制作用等、種々の薬効を示す(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
従って、本発明結晶又は本発明医薬組成物は、一過性脳虚血発作(TIA)、糖尿病性神経障害、糖尿病性壊疽、末梢循環障害(例えば、慢性動脈閉塞症、間欠性跛行、末梢動脈塞栓症、振動病、レイノー病)、膠原病(例えば、全身性エリテマトーデス、強皮症、混合性結合組織病、血管炎症候群)、経皮的冠動脈形成術(PTCA)後の再閉塞・再狭搾、動脈硬化症、血栓症(例えば、急性期脳血栓症、肺塞栓症)、高血圧、肺高血圧症、虚血性疾患(例えば、脳梗塞、心筋梗塞)、狭心症(例えば、安定狭心症、不安定狭心症)、糸球体腎炎、糖尿病性腎症、慢性腎不全、アレルギー、気管支喘息、潰瘍、蓐瘡(床ずれ)、アテレクトミー及びステント留置などの冠動脈インターベンション後の再狭窄、透析による血小板減少、臓器又は組織の線維化が関与する疾患[例えば、腎臓疾患(例えば、尿細管間質性腎炎)、呼吸器疾患(例えば、間質性肺炎(肺線維症)、慢性閉塞性肺疾患等)、消化器疾患(例えば、肝硬変、ウイルス性肝炎、慢性膵炎、スキルス胃癌)、心血管疾患(例えば、心筋線維症)、骨・関節疾患(例えば、骨髄線維症、関節リウマチ)、皮膚疾患(例えば、手術後の瘢痕、熱傷性瘢痕、ケロイド、肥厚性瘢痕)、産科疾患(例えば、子宮筋腫)、泌尿器疾患(例えば、前立腺肥大症)、その他の疾患(例えば、アルツハイマー病、硬化症腹膜炎、I型糖尿病、手術後臓器癒着)]、勃起不全(例えば、糖尿病性勃起不全、心因性勃起不全、精神病性勃起不全、慢性腎不全による勃起不全、前立腺摘出のための骨盤内手術後の勃起不全、加齢や動脈硬化に伴う血管性勃起不全)、炎症性腸疾患(例えば、潰瘍性大腸炎、クローン病、腸結核、虚血性大腸炎、ベーチェット病に伴う腸潰瘍)、胃炎、胃潰瘍、虚血性眼疾患(例えば、網膜動脈閉塞症、網膜静脈閉塞症、虚血性視神経症)、突発性難聴、無血管性骨壊死、非ステロイド性抗炎症剤(NSAIDs)(例えば、ジクロフェナック、メロキシカム、オキサプロジン、ナブメトン、インドメタシン、イブプロフェン、ケトプロフェン、ナプロキセン、セレコキシブ)投与に伴う腸管傷害(例えば、十二指腸、小腸、大腸で発症する傷害であれば特に制限されないが、例えば、十二指腸、小腸、大腸に生じるびらん等の粘膜傷害や潰瘍)、脊柱管狭窄症(例えば、頚部脊柱管狭窄症、胸部脊柱管狭窄症、腰部脊柱管狭窄症、広範脊柱管狭窄症、仙骨狭窄症)に伴う症状(例えば、麻痺、知覚鈍麻、疼痛、しびれ、歩行能力の低下)の予防剤又は治療剤として有用である。また、本発明結晶又は本発明医薬組成物は、遺伝子治療又は自己骨髄細胞移植などの血管新生療法の促進剤、末梢血管再建術又は血管新生療法における血管形成促進剤としても有用である。
本発明結晶を医薬として投与する場合、本発明結晶を、そのまま又は医薬的に許容される無毒性かつ不活性の担体中に、例えば、0.1%~99.5%の範囲内で、好ましくは0.5%~90%の範囲内で含有するものである。
上記担体としては、固形、半固形又は液状の希釈剤、充填剤、その他の処方用の助剤を挙げることができる。これらを一種又は二種以上用いることができる。
末剤は、本発明結晶を適当な細かさにすることにより製造することができる。
散剤は、本発明結晶を適当な細かさにし、次いで同様に細かくした医薬用担体、例えば、澱粉、マンニトールのような可食性炭水化物と混合することにより製造することができる。任意に風味料、保存剤、分散剤、着色剤、香料等を添加することができる。
カプセル剤は、まず上述のようにして粉末状となった末剤や散剤あるいは錠剤の項で述べるように顆粒化したものを、例えば、ゼラチンカプセルのようなカプセル外皮の中へ充填することにより製造することができる。
潤沢剤や流動化剤、例えば、コロイド状のシリカ、タルク、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸カルシウム、固形のポリエチレングリコールを粉末状となった末剤や散剤と混合し、その後、充填操作を行うことにより製造することができる。崩壊剤や歌謡家財、例えば、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム、低置換度ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、クロスカルメロースナトリウム、カルボキシメチルスターチナトリウム、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸ナトリウムを添加すれば、カプセル剤が摂取されたときの医薬の有効性を改善することができる。また、本発明結晶の微粉末を植物油、ポリエチレングリコール、グリセリン、界面活性剤中に懸濁分散し、これをゼラチンシートで包んで軟カプセル剤とすることもできる。
錠剤は、粉末化された本発明結晶に賦形剤を加えて粉末混合物を作り、顆粒化若しくはスラグ化し、次いで崩壊剤又は滑沢剤を加えた後、打錠することにより製造することができる。
粉末混合物は、適当に粉末化された本発明結晶を希釈剤や基剤と混合することにより製造することができる。必要に応じて、結合剤(例えば、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、メチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ゼラチン、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルアルコール)、溶解遅延化剤(例えば、パラフィン)、再吸収剤(例えば、四級塩)、吸着剤(例えば、ベントナイト、カオリン)等を添加することができる。
粉末混合物は、まず結合剤、例えば、シロップ、澱粉糊、アラビアゴム、セルロース溶液又は高分子物質溶液で湿らせ、攪拌混合し、これを乾燥、粉砕して顆粒とすることができる。このように粉末を顆粒化する代わりに、まず打錠機にかけた後、得られる不完全な形態のスラグを粉砕して顆粒にすることも可能である。このようにして作られる顆粒に、潤沢剤としてステアリン酸、ステアリン酸塩、タルク、ミネラルオイル等を添加することにより、互いに付着することを防ぐことができる。
また、錠剤は、上述のように顆粒化やスラグ化の工程を経ることなく、本発明結晶を流動性の不活性担体と混合した後に直接打錠することによっても製造することができる。
こうして製造された錠剤にフィルムコーティングや糖衣を施すことができる。シュラックの密閉被膜からなる透明又は半透明の保護被膜、糖や高分子材料の被膜及びワックスよりなる磨上被膜をも用いることができる。
他の経口投与製剤、例えば、液剤、シロップ剤、トローチ剤、エリキシル剤もまたその一定量が本発明結晶の一定量を含有するように用量単位形態にすることができる。
シロップ剤は、本発明結晶を適当な香味水溶液に溶解して製造することができる。エリキシル剤は、非毒性のアルコール性担体を用いることにより製造することができる。
懸濁剤は、本発明結晶を非毒性担体中に分散させることより製造することができる。必要に応じて、可溶化剤や乳化剤(例えば、エトキシ化されたイソステアリルアルコール類、ポリオキシエチレンソルビトールエステル類)、保存剤、風味付与剤(例えば、ペパーミント油、サッカリン)等を添加することができる。
必要であれば、経口投与のための用量単位処方をマイクロカプセル化することができる。当該処方はまた、被膜をしたり、高分子・ワックス等中に埋め込んだりすることにより作用時間の延長や持続放出をもたらすこともできる。
非経口投与製剤は、皮下・筋肉又は静脈内注射とした液状用量単位形態、例えば、溶液や懸濁液の形態をとることができる。当該非経口投与製剤は、本発明結晶の一定量を、注射の目的に適合する非毒性の液状担体、例えば、水性や油性の媒体に懸濁し又は溶解し、次いで当該懸濁液又は溶液を滅菌することにより製造することができる。また、安定剤、保存剤、乳化剤等を添加することもできる。
坐剤は、本発明結晶を低融点の水に可溶又は不溶の固体、例えば、ポリエチレングリコール、カカオ脂、半合成の油脂[例えば、ウイテプゾール(登録商標)]、高級エステル類(例えば、パルミチン酸ミリスチルエステル)又はそれらの混合物に溶解又は懸濁させて製造することができる。
投与量は、体重、年齢等の患者の状態、投与経路、病気の性質と程度等によって異なるが、一般的には、成人に対して、本発明結晶の量として、1日あたり、0.001mg~100mgの範囲内が適当であり、0.01mg~10mgの範囲内が好ましい。
場合によっては、これ以下で足りるし、また逆にこれ以上の用量を必要とすることもある。また、1日1回から数回の投与又は1日から数日間の間隔で投与することができる。
粉末X線回折スペクトルは、RINT-UltimaIII((株)リガク製)(ターゲット:Cu,電圧:40kV,電流:40mA,スキャンスピード:4度/分)により測定した。
化合物A(40g)にエタノール(440mL)を加えて、100~110℃の油浴で加熱しながら撹拌し、化合物Aを溶解した後、エタノール(280mL)を留去した。得られた濃縮液を80℃の水浴で加熱還流させながら1時間攪拌した。攪拌しながら10℃まで20時間かけて徐冷し、析出した結晶をろ取した。得られた結晶を少量のエタノール(48mL)で洗浄し、60℃で減圧乾燥して本発明I型結晶(38.93g,97.3%)を得た。本発明I型結晶の粉末X線回折スペクトルを図1に示す。
融点: 140.4℃(日本薬局方、融点測定法第1法)
化合物A(20g)にエタノール(99g)とメチルエチルケトン(11g)を加えて、77℃に加熱し化合物Aを溶解した後、10℃まで20時間かけて徐冷した。冷却中に、本発明I型結晶を少量添加した。冷却後、析出した結晶をろ取し、エタノールで洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥して本発明I型結晶(18.72g、93.6%)を得た。
化合物A(100g)にエタノール(550g)とメチルエチルケトン(55g)を加えて77℃に加熱し、熱時加圧ろ過を行った。得られたろ液を攪拌しながら、70℃から0℃まで30分かけて冷却し、0℃到達後、0℃で2.5時間攪拌した。析出結晶をろ取し、エタノール(200mL)で洗浄後、減圧乾燥した。得られた結晶(20g)にエタノール(99g)とメチルエチルケトン(11g)を加えて70℃に加熱し、70℃で1時間保持した後、10℃まで20時間かけて徐冷し、10℃に到達した後、10℃で1時間攪拌した。析出した結晶をろ取し、エタノール(40mL)で洗浄後、減圧乾燥して本発明II型結晶(18.73g,93.7%)を得た。本発明II型結晶の粉末X線回折スペクトルを図2に示す。
融点:135.2℃(日本薬局方、融点測定法第1法)
化合物A(20g)にエタノール(99g)とメチルエチルケトン(11g)を加えて、77℃に加熱し化合物Aを溶解した後、10℃まで冷却した。冷却中に、本発明II型結晶を少量添加した。冷却後、析出した結晶をろ取し、エタノールで洗浄した後、60℃で減圧乾燥して本発明II型結晶(19.70g、98.5%)を得た。
化合物A(36.7g)に酢酸n-ブチル(500mL)を加えて、75℃に加熱し、化合物Aを溶解した後、5℃まで冷却した。続けて、60℃に加熱し、5℃まで冷却する操作を行い、この操作を繰り返した。析出した結晶をろ取し、酢酸イソプロピル(50mL)で洗浄し、減圧乾燥して本発明III型結晶(29.0g,79.0%)を得た。本発明III型結晶の粉末X線回折スペクトルを図3に示す。
融点:138.0℃(日本薬局方、融点測定法第1法)
本発明I型結晶、本発明II型結晶、本発明III型結晶は、それぞれ実施例2、実施例4、実施例5と同様の方法で調製したものである。
(1)本発明結晶の粒子径分布の測定
20mgの本発明結晶に分散媒10mLを加えて振り混ぜた後、超音波を用いて分散させた。この分散液につき、LA-910((株)堀場製作所製)を用いて粒子径分布を求めた。その結果を表1に示す。
なお、分散媒として、0.1v/v%ポリソルベート80水溶液で化合物Aの飽和溶液を調製し、ろ過したものを使用した。
D50:体積基準の積算粒径分布の篩下50%の粒径(μm)を表す。
D90:体積基準の積算粒径分布の篩下90%の粒径(μm)を表す。
(2)本発明結晶の走査型電子顕微鏡による観察
TM-1000 Miniscope((株)日立ハイテクノロジーズ製)を用いて本発明結晶を観察した。
本発明I型結晶の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図4に、本発明II型結晶の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図5に、本発明III型結晶の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図6に示す。
上記(1)及び(2)の結果から、本発明I型結晶は、他の本発明II型結晶、本発明III型結晶よりも粒子径が大きいことがわかった。
本発明結晶中に含まれる残留溶媒濃度を以下の測定条件を用いて測定した。その結果を表2に示す。
(測定条件)
GC装置:
検出器:水素炎イオン化検出器
カラム:キャピラリーカラム
カラム温度:150℃~230℃
注入口温度:200℃
検出器温度:300℃
キャリアーガス:ヘリウム
本発明結晶の再結晶工程における不純物除去効果を以下の測定条件(逆相液体クロマトグラフィー)を用いて測定した。
(測定条件)
HPLC 装置:
検出器:紫外吸光光度計
カラム:ODSカラム
カラム温度:40℃
移動相:水/アセトニトリル/メタンスルホン酸混液
まず、HPLCクロマトグラムから、各結晶における化合物Aの純度(%)は以下の式により算出した。
各結晶における化合物Aの純度(%)=
(各結晶における化合物Aのピーク面積)/(全ピーク面積の総和)×100
次に、各結晶における不純物除去率(%)は以下の式により算出した。
各結晶における不純物除去率(%)
=[{(各結晶における化合物Aの純度)-(原料における化合物Aの純度)}/{100-(原料における化合物Aの純度)}]x100
その結果を表3に示す。
結晶化検討を、以下の(1)、(2)の方法に従って行なった。
(1) 化合物Aに結晶化溶媒(表4、及び表5を参照)を加えて、50℃に加熱しながら60分間撹拌し、ろ過した。ろ過後、ろ液を60℃に加熱しながら30分間撹拌した。その後、攪拌しながら5℃まで11時間かけて徐冷し、5℃で72時間撹拌し、析出物をろ取した。得られた析出物を20℃で減圧乾燥した。
得られた析出物について粉末X線回折スペクトルを測定し、結晶形を決定した。
その結果を表4(単一溶媒における検討)及び表5(混合溶媒における検討)に示す。
なお、混合溶媒での結晶化検討においては、それぞれの溶媒を同じ容量で混合したものを使用した。
(2)上記(1)の結晶化溶媒(表4及び表5参照)の検討において結晶が得られなかった条件及びそれと類似する条件について、さらに以下の方法を用いて検討を行なった。なお、さらなる検討を行なった結晶化溶媒は、溶媒の毒性、化合物Aの溶媒に対する溶解性、工業的に使用可能な溶媒であること等を考慮し選択した。
化合物Aに上記(1)での検討よりも少ない量の結晶化溶媒を加えて、75℃に加熱しながら撹拌し、化合物Aを溶解した後、続けて65℃に加熱しながら5時間~8時間撹拌した。その後、攪拌しながら20℃まで9時間かけて徐冷し、析出した結晶をろ取した。得られた結晶を70℃で減圧乾燥した。得られた結晶について粉末X線回折スペクトルを測定し、結晶形を決定した。
その結果を表6に示す。
なお、混合溶媒での結晶化検討においては、それぞれの溶媒を同じ容量で混合したものを使用した。
上記(1)、(2)の検討の結果から、本発明II型結晶及び本発明III型結晶は種々の結晶化溶媒を用いることによって取得することができることがわかる。
一方、本発明I型結晶を含む結晶は、結晶化溶媒としてアルコール系溶媒を使用した場合に取得することができ、高純度の本発明I型結晶は、エタノールを使用した場合に取得することができた。
Claims (11)
- 粉末X線回折図がCu Kα放射線を用いて得られるものであって、粉末X線回折スペクトルにおいて、少なくとも次の回折角2θ:9.4度、9.8度、17.2度及び19.4度に回折ピークを示す、2-{4-[N-(5,6-ジフェニルピラジン-2-イル)-N-イソプロピルアミノ]ブチルオキシ}-N-(メチルスルホニル)アセトアミドのI型結晶。
- 粉末X線回折図がCu Kα放射線を用いて得られるものであって、粉末X線回折スペクトルにおいて、少なくとも次の回折角2θ:9.0度、12.9度、20.7度及び22.6度に回折ピークを示す、2-{4-[N-(5,6-ジフェニルピラジン-2-イル)-N-イソプロピルアミノ]ブチルオキシ}-N-(メチルスルホニル)アセトアミドのII型結晶。
- 粉末X線回折図がCu Kα放射線を用いて得られるものであって、粉末X線回折スペクトルにおいて、少なくとも次の回折角2θ:9.3度、9.7度、16.8度、20.6度及び23.5度に回折ピークを示す、2-{4-[N-(5,6-ジフェニルピラジン-2-イル)-N-イソプロピルアミノ]ブチルオキシ}-N-(メチルスルホニル)アセトアミドのIII型結晶。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の結晶を有効成分として含有する医薬組成物。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の結晶を有効成分として含有するPGI2受容体作動剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の結晶を有効成分として含有する、一過性脳虚血発作、糖尿病性神経障害、糖尿病性壊疽、末梢循環障害、膠原病、経皮的冠動脈形成術(PTCA)後の再閉塞・再狭搾、動脈硬化症、血栓症、高血圧、肺高血圧症、虚血性疾患、狭心症、糸球体腎炎、糖尿病性腎症、慢性腎不全、アレルギー、気管支喘息、潰瘍、蓐瘡(床ずれ)、アテレクトミー及びステント留置などの冠動脈インターベンション後の再狭窄、透析による血小板減少、臓器又は組織の線維化が関与する疾患、勃起不全、炎症性腸疾患、胃炎、胃潰瘍、虚血性眼疾患、突発性難聴、無血管性骨壊死、非ステロイド性抗炎症剤(NSAIDs)投与に伴う腸管傷害、脊柱管狭窄症に伴う症状の予防剤又は治療剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の結晶を有効成分として含有する、遺伝子治療又は自己骨髄細胞移植における血管新生療法の促進剤。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の結晶を有効成分として含有する、末梢血管再建術若しくは血管新生療法における血管形成促進剤。
- 2-{4-[N-(5,6-ジフェニルピラジン-2-イル)-N-イソプロピルアミノ]ブチルオキシ}-N-(メチルスルホニル)アセトアミドをアルコール系溶媒、又はアルコール系溶媒とケトン系溶媒との混合溶媒に加熱し溶解したものを徐冷し結晶化させることを特徴とする、2-{4-[N-(5,6-ジフェニルピラジン-2-イル)-N-イソプロピルアミノ]ブチルオキシ}-N-(メチルスルホニル)アセトアミドのI型結晶の製造方法。
- 2-{4-[N-(5,6-ジフェニルピラジン-2-イル)-N-イソプロピルアミノ]ブチルオキシ}-N-(メチルスルホニル)アセトアミドをアルコール系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、飽和炭化水素系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、水又はそれらの混合溶媒で結晶化させることを特徴とする、2-{4-[N-(5,6-ジフェニルピラジン-2-イル)-N-イソプロピルアミノ]ブチルオキシ}-N-(メチルスルホニル)アセトアミドのII型結晶の製造方法。
- 2-{4-[N-(5,6-ジフェニルピラジン-2-イル)-N-イソプロピルアミノ]ブチルオキシ}-N-(メチルスルホニル)アセトアミドをエステル系溶媒、芳香族炭化水素系溶媒で結晶化させることを特徴とする、2-{4-[N-(5,6-ジフェニルピラジン-2-イル)-N-イソプロピルアミノ]ブチルオキシ}-N-(メチルスルホニル)アセトアミドのIII型結晶の製造方法。
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AU2010263569A AU2010263569B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Crystals |
KR1020127000526A KR102669213B1 (ko) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | 결정 |
KR1020247016902A KR20240090717A (ko) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | 결정 |
UAA201115272A UA108849C2 (xx) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Кристалічна форма 2-{4-[n-(5,6-дифенілпіразин-2-іл)-n-ізопропіламіно]бутилокси}-n-(метилсульфоніл)ацетаміду |
ES10792183.5T ES2660007T3 (es) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Cristales |
PL10792183T PL2447254T3 (pl) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Kryształy |
EP17186415.0A EP3275871B1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Crystals |
KR1020247016901A KR102705198B1 (ko) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | 결정 |
LTEP10792183.5T LT2447254T (lt) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Kristalai |
BRPI1015936-3A BRPI1015936B1 (pt) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Cristal de forma i de 2-{4-[n-(5,6-difenilpirazin-2-il)-n-isopro pilamino]butilóxi}-n (metilsulfonil)acetamida e composição farmacêutica |
CA2764475A CA2764475C (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Crystalline form of 2-{4[n-(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)-n-isopropylamino]butyloxy}-n-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide |
PL17186415T PL3275871T3 (pl) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Kryształy |
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KR1020177005424A KR20170024165A (ko) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | 결정 |
US13/379,531 US8791122B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Form-I crystal of 2-{4-[N-(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)-N-isopropylamino]butyloxy}-N-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide and method for producing the same |
EP10792183.5A EP2447254B1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Crystals |
MX2015003876A MX346318B (es) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Cristales. |
MX2011013471A MX2011013471A (es) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Cristales. |
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MYPI2011006259A MY186531A (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Crystals |
JP2011519943A JPWO2010150865A1 (ja) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | 結晶 |
NZ597352A NZ597352A (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | CRYSTALS of 2-{ 4-[N-(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)-N-isopropylamino]butyloxy} -N-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide |
RU2012102678A RU2556206C3 (ru) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Кристаллы |
DK10792183.5T DK2447254T3 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | CRYSTALS |
CN201080028176.8A CN102459198B (zh) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | 晶体 |
EP19219098.1A EP3689855A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2010-06-25 | Crystals |
ZA2011/09099A ZA201109099B (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2011-12-09 | Crystals |
IL216928A IL216928A (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2011-12-13 | A crystalline form of 2- {4- [n- (5,6-diphenylpyrazine-2-ram) - n-isopropylamino] butoxy} - n- (methylsulfonyl) acetamide, its pharmaceutical composition and its use in the preparation of a drug |
MA34554A MA33637B1 (fr) | 2009-06-26 | 2012-01-20 | Cristaux |
US14/160,699 US9340516B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2014-01-22 | Form-II crystal of 2-{4-[N-(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)-N-isopropylamino]butyloxy}-N-(methylsulfonyl) acetamide, method for producing the same, and use thereof |
US14/160,641 US9284280B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2014-01-22 | Use of form-I crystal of 2-{4-[N-(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)-N-isopropylamino]butyloxy}-N-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide |
US14/734,012 US9440931B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2015-06-09 | Form-III crystal of 2-{4-[N-(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)-N-isopropylamino]butyloxy}-N-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide and use thereof |
PH12015502825A PH12015502825A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2015-12-18 | Crystals |
PH12015502824A PH12015502824A1 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2015-12-18 | Crystals |
IL243293A IL243293A0 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2015-12-27 | crystals |
IL243287A IL243287B (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2015-12-27 | Crystalline form -ii- of 2-{4-[-n-(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)--n-isopropylamino]butyloxy}-n-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide, pharmaceutical compositions containing it and its therapeutic uses |
CY20181100063T CY1119788T1 (el) | 2009-06-26 | 2018-01-18 | Κρυσταλλοι |
HRP20180171TT HRP20180171T1 (hr) | 2009-06-26 | 2018-01-30 | Kristali |
CY2018011C CY2018011I2 (el) | 2009-06-26 | 2018-04-11 | Κρυσταλλοι |
HUS1800015C HUS1800015I1 (hu) | 2009-06-26 | 2018-04-11 | Kristályok |
LTPA2018008C LTC2447254I2 (lt) | 2009-06-26 | 2018-04-18 | Kristalai |
NO2018015C NO2018015I1 (no) | 2009-06-26 | 2018-04-23 | 2-{4-[N-(5,6-difenylpyrazin-2-yl)-N-isopropylamino]butyloksy}-N-(metylsulfonyl)acetamid |
CY20201100317T CY1122893T1 (el) | 2009-06-26 | 2020-04-03 | Κρυσταλλοι |
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US14/160,641 Continuation US9284280B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2014-01-22 | Use of form-I crystal of 2-{4-[N-(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)-N-isopropylamino]butyloxy}-N-(methylsulfonyl)acetamide |
US14/160,699 Division US9340516B2 (en) | 2009-06-26 | 2014-01-22 | Form-II crystal of 2-{4-[N-(5,6-diphenylpyrazin-2-yl)-N-isopropylamino]butyloxy}-N-(methylsulfonyl) acetamide, method for producing the same, and use thereof |
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