WO2010146717A1 - Épurateur d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Épurateur d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010146717A1
WO2010146717A1 PCT/JP2009/061250 JP2009061250W WO2010146717A1 WO 2010146717 A1 WO2010146717 A1 WO 2010146717A1 JP 2009061250 W JP2009061250 W JP 2009061250W WO 2010146717 A1 WO2010146717 A1 WO 2010146717A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
air
fuel ratio
amount
regeneration process
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Application number
PCT/JP2009/061250
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
浅沼孝充
吉田耕平
西岡寛真
今井大地
梅本寿丈
Original Assignee
トヨタ自動車株式会社
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Application filed by トヨタ自動車株式会社 filed Critical トヨタ自動車株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2009/061250 priority Critical patent/WO2010146717A1/fr
Publication of WO2010146717A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010146717A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust purification device for an internal combustion engine.
  • a NO X catalyst device for purifying NO X in exhaust gas is disposed.
  • NO X catalyst device the exhaust gas when a lean air-fuel ratio, i.e., when a high oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, NO X catalyst device which NO X is better retained in the exhaust gas has been proposed .
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine described above reduces the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas during the regeneration process, assuming that if the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas during the regeneration process is high, the amount of N 2 O produced increases. However, if the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is made too small in order to reduce the oxygen concentration of the exhaust gas during the regeneration process, the flow amount of N 2 O from the NO X catalyst device may increase and exceed the allowable value. is there.
  • an object of the present invention when a high concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas satisfactorily hold the NO X in the exhaust gas, as the reproduction process, if lower the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas, the held NO X withdrawal, and thus the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine having a NO X catalyst device which is capable of reduce and purify NO X in which is disengaged to N 2 by reducing substances in the exhaust gas, the NO X catalyst device accompanying the regeneration process This is to reduce the outflow amount of N 2 O to an allowable value or less.
  • An exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1 according to the present invention when a high concentration of oxygen in the exhaust gas satisfactorily hold the NO X in the exhaust gas, as the reproduction process, reduce the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas if brought into, it leaves the held NO X, thus the exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine having a NO X catalyst device which is capable of reduce and purify NO X in which is disengaged to N 2 by reducing substances in the exhaust gas, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to flow into the NO X catalyst device at the time of reproduction processing, the following first air-fuel ratio and the second air-fuel ratio or more, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas by more than the first air-fuel ratio, regeneration the N 2 O production amount generated by insufficient reduction of the NO X during the process as follows the first set amount, by the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to the second air-fuel ratio or more, of the NO X in the reproduction process Produced by reduction NH 2 (ammonia) produced is oxidized by oxygen
  • the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 2 according to the present invention is the exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the second half of the regeneration process is the exhaust gas in the first half of the regeneration process. It is characterized by being made larger than the air-fuel ratio.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas to flow into the NO X catalyst device at the time of reproduction processing, the second air-fuel ratio or below the first air-fuel ratio, the exhaust By setting the air / fuel ratio of the gas to be equal to or lower than the first air / fuel ratio, the amount of N 2 O generated due to insufficient reduction of NO X during the regeneration process can be made equal to or lower than the first set amount.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is made excessively small, the amount of N 2 O produced due to insufficient reduction can be greatly reduced, but a large amount of NH 3 is produced due to NO X reduction during the regeneration process. End up.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is the second air-fuel ratio or more
  • N 2 to NH 3 produced by the reduction of the NO X in the regeneration process is produced is oxidized by oxygen in the exhaust gas after regeneration treatment
  • the O generation amount is set to be equal to or less than the second set amount
  • the N 2 O outflow amount from the NO X catalyst device accompanying the regeneration process is set to be an allowable value or less.
  • the exhaust purification system of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2 leaving the exhaust gas control apparatus according to claim 1, reproduction processing second half from NO X catalyst device compared to the reproduction process early for the amount of NO X is decreased to, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the second half reproduction process, by greater than the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas regeneration process early, NO X catalyst, including leaving the amount of NO X during the reproduction process
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the apparatus can be maintained almost constant.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is the change of the NO X reduction rate of the NO X catalyst device with respect to the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas at the time of reproduction processing, the change of the NH 3 produced amount, and is a graph showing changes in N 2 O runoff.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the control during the reproduction process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine according to the present invention.
  • reference numeral 1 denotes an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine that performs lean combustion such as a diesel engine or an in-cylinder spark ignition internal combustion engine.
  • the exhaust gas of such an internal combustion engine in order to contain a relatively large amount of NO X, in the exhaust passage 1, NO X catalyst device 2 for purifying NO X is arranged.
  • a fuel supply device 3 for supplying fuel (or a reducing agent) is disposed upstream of the NO X catalyst device 2 in the exhaust passage 1.
  • 4 is an air-fuel ratio sensor for detecting an air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO X catalyst device 2.
  • the NO X catalyst device 2 carries a NO X holding agent and a noble metal catalyst such as platinum Pt.
  • the NO X retention agent is at least one selected from an alkali metal such as potassium K, sodium Na, lithium Li and cesium Cs, an alkaline earth such as barium Ba and calcium Ca, and a rare earth such as lanthanum La and yttrium Y.
  • an alkali metal such as potassium K, sodium Na, lithium Li and cesium Cs
  • an alkaline earth such as barium Ba and calcium Ca
  • a rare earth such as lanthanum La and yttrium Y.
  • NO X cannot be held indefinitely, and as a regeneration process, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is reduced before the NO X hold amount reaches the NO X holdable amount and can no longer hold NO X.
  • the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio or rich air-fuel ratio is set, that is, the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas is reduced.
  • the retained NO X is desorbed, that is, the absorbed NO X is released, and the adsorbed NO 2 is desorbed, and the desorbed NO X is reduced and purified to N 2 by the reducing substance in the exhaust gas.
  • N 2 O dinitrogen monoxide or nitrous oxide
  • Figure 2 is a variation of the NO X reduction rate with respect to the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO X catalyst device 2 in the regeneration process, the change of the NH 3 produced amount, and is a graph showing changes in N 2 O runoff.
  • the N 2 O outflow amount is the sum of the outflow amount of N 2 O during the regeneration process and the outflow amount of N 2 O immediately after the regeneration process, that is, indicates the outflow amount of N 2 O accompanying the regeneration process. . As shown in FIG.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas during the regeneration process is slightly higher than the first air-fuel ratio A1 (for example, 14.3) slightly richer than the theoretical air-fuel ratio S (14.7). If it is (for example, 13.3) or less, the outflow amount of N 2 O can be set to an allowable value M or less.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas at the time of regeneration processing close to the third air-fuel ratio (for example, 13.8) between the first air-fuel ratio A1 and the second air-fuel ratio A2
  • the outflow amount of N 2 O is minimized. can do.
  • the smaller the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas during regeneration treatment the reducing action of playing action becomes active, NO X reduction rate gradually increases.
  • the smaller the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the regeneration process the smaller the amount of N 2 O (NO + N ⁇ N 2 O) generated due to insufficient reduction of NO X , and the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the regeneration process is reduced.
  • the air-fuel ratio is set to 1 or less, the N 2 O generation amount during the regeneration process can be set to the first set amount or less.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas is excessively reduced, the amount of N 2 O produced due to insufficient reduction can be reduced very much, but the amount of NH 3 (ammonia amount) produced during the regeneration process is very small.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas during the regeneration process is set to be equal to or higher than the second air-fuel ratio A2, so that not much NH 3 is generated by the reduction of NO X during the regeneration process, and the generated NH 3 is regenerated.
  • the amount of N 2 O produced by oxidation with oxygen in the later exhaust gas is set to a second set amount or less.
  • the amount of N 2 O generated during the regeneration process is set to be equal to or less than the first set amount by setting the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas during the regeneration process to be the first air-fuel ratio A1 or more and the second air-fuel ratio A2 or less.
  • the amount of N 2 O produced when the NH 3 produced by the reduction of NO X during the regeneration process is oxidized by the oxygen in the exhaust gas after the regeneration process is set to be equal to or less than the second set amount.
  • the NO X reduction rate indicated by the solid line includes the N 2 O outflow amount (including the N 2 O generation amount after the regeneration process), and the NO X reduction rate not including the N 2 O outflow amount is defined as the NO X purification rate.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the regeneration timing control performed by the electronic control unit. First, at step 101, whether the current is the playback time of the NO X catalyst device 2 is determined.
  • the exhaust gas provided downstream NO X concentration sensor immediately downstream of the NO X catalyst device provided with the upstream NO X concentration sensor immediately upstream of the NO X catalyst device 2 flows into the NO X catalyst device 2 detecting the concentration of NO X in the exhaust gas flowing out from NO X concentration and the NO X catalyst device 2 in and out of NO X concentration and the NO X catalyst device 2 in the exhaust gas flowing into the NO X catalyst device 2 when the difference between the concentration of NO X in the exhaust gas is below the set value, the NO X holding amount of the NO X catalyst device 2, and reaches the vicinity of the NO X holding amount, with sufficiently retaining the NO X in the exhaust gas It can be determined that it is time to regenerate as it is no longer possible.
  • downstream NO X concentration sensor detects the concentration of NO X in the exhaust gas flowing into the NO X catalyst device 2 by the upstream NO X concentration sensor, exhaust gas per unit time determined from NO X concentration Assuming that the set ratio of the NO X amount contained in the NO X catalyst device 2 is held per unit time, the current NO X hold amount is estimated by integrating the hold amount per unit time, and this is the set amount It may be determined that the playback time is reached.
  • the upstream NO X concentration sensor even without providing, in advance set the amount of NO X contained in the exhaust gas per unit time for each engine operating state, NO X catalyst that setting percentage per unit time as it is held to the apparatus 2, to estimate the current of the NO X holding amount by integrating the amount retained per unit time, which may be determined that the regeneration timing when reaching the set amount.
  • the fuel supply by the fuel supply device 3 is stopped in step 107 and the process is terminated.
  • step 101 determines whether the NO X catalyst device 2 is a timing regeneration.
  • step 102 to implement the regeneration process, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO X catalyst device 2, the theoretical The current combustion air-fuel ratio and the amount of exhaust gas are set so that the air-fuel ratio becomes a preset air-fuel ratio A (for example, 13.8) that is slightly higher than the first air-fuel ratio A1 and slightly lower than the second air-fuel ratio A2.
  • the fuel supply amount Q per unit time supplied by the fuel supply device 3 is determined.
  • step 103 it is determined whether or not an elapsed time t since the start of the reproduction process has reached a predetermined second set time t2 corresponding to the completion of the reproduction process. Initially, this determination is denied and the routine proceeds to step 104, where it is determined whether or not the elapsed time t has reached the first set time t1 set to half of the second set time. Initially, this determination is denied and the routine proceeds to step 106 where fuel supply is performed by the fuel supply device 3 based on the fuel supply amount Q per unit time determined in step 102. Thereby, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO X catalyst device 2 as a setting an air-fuel ratio A, reproduction process is performed.
  • the amount of N 2 O outflow associated with the regeneration process does not necessarily exceed the allowable value, but in the flowchart shown in FIG. 3, the elapsed time t from the start of the regeneration process in the latter half of the regeneration process is
  • the fuel supply amount Q per unit time determined in step 102 is reduced by a predetermined set amount ⁇ Q. Based on the fuel supply amount Q, fuel is supplied in step 106.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the second half reproduction process by greater than the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas of the reproduction process the first half, the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the NO X catalyst device, including a detachment NO X during the reproduction process It is kept almost constant to ensure that the N 2 O efflux amount associated with the regeneration process does not exceed the allowable value. If the elapsed time from the start of the regeneration process reaches the second set time t2, the determination in step 103 is affirmed, the fuel supply by the fuel supply device 3 is stopped in step 107, and the regeneration process ends.
  • the fuel supply system in order to set the air-fuel ratio A between the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO X catalyst device 2 at the time of reproduction processing from the first air-fuel ratio A1 and the second air-fuel ratio A2, the fuel supply system Although the fuel is supplied to the exhaust gas having a lean air-fuel ratio according to No. 3, this does not limit the present invention.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture burned in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine may be set to a rich set air-fuel ratio A, and the exhaust gas that is discharged from the cylinder by supplying additional fuel into the cylinder in the expansion stroke and the exhaust stroke
  • the air-fuel ratio of the gas may be set to a rich set air-fuel ratio A.
  • playback if processing late and become, as slightly larger than the NO X catalyst set the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the device 2 air A may be controlled combustion air or additional fuel amount.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO X catalyst device 2 by detecting the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO X catalyst device 2 by the air-fuel ratio sensor 4, so that the desired air-fuel ratio, the fuel supply amount of the fuel supply device 3, combustion air-fuel ratio, or The additional fuel amount can be feedback controlled.
  • the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the second half of the regeneration process is made larger than the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas in the first half of the regeneration process.
  • NO X withdrawal amount from the NO X catalyst device decreases gradually as the elapsed time t becomes longer, it may be gradually increased air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NO X catalyst device.

Abstract

Épurateur d'échappement pour moteurs à combustion interne, l'épurateur étant équipé d'un dispositif catalyseur de NOX qui, lorsque le gaz d'échappement présente une concentration élevée en oxygène, piège de façon satisfaisante les NOX contenus dans le gaz d'échappement et qui, lorsque la concentration en oxygène du gaz d'échappement est réduite afin d'effectuer une régénération, libère les NOX piégés et permet aux NOX libérés d'être réduits en N2 à l'aide d'une substance réductrice contenue dans le gaz d'échappement, purifiant ainsi le gaz d'échappement. Au cours de la régénération, le rapport air-carburant du gaz d'échappement à introduire dans le dispositif catalyseur de NOX est régulé à une valeur inférieure ou égale à un premier rapport air-carburant et supérieure ou égale à un deuxième rapport air-carburant. En régulant le rapport air-carburant du gaz d'échappement de façon à ce qu'il soit inférieur ou égal au premier rapport air-carburant, la quantité de N2O qui sera générée par une réduction insuffisante des NOX au cours de la régénération est régulée à une première valeur spécifiée ou en-deçà de celle-ci. En régulant le rapport air-carburant du gaz d'échappement de façon à ce qu'il soit supérieur ou égal au deuxième rapport air-carburant, la quantité de N2O qui sera générée lorsque le NH3 généré par la réduction des NOX au cours de la régénération est oxydé par l'oxygène contenu dans le gaz d'échappement après la régénération est régulée à une deuxième valeur spécifiée ou en-deçà de celle-ci. Par conséquent, la quantité de N2O à évacuer du dispositif catalyseur de NOX du fait de la régénération est réduite à une limite acceptable ou en-deçà de celle-ci.
PCT/JP2009/061250 2009-06-15 2009-06-15 Épurateur d'échappement pour moteur à combustion interne WO2010146717A1 (fr)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120073273A1 (en) * 2009-06-16 2012-03-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
JP2016532055A (ja) * 2013-09-11 2016-10-13 ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフトＵｍｉｃｏｒｅ ＡＧ ＆ Ｃｏ．ＫＧ リーンバーン石油系エンジンの排気ガス中におけるｎ２ｏの低減
JP2017515032A (ja) * 2014-04-03 2017-06-08 ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフトＵｍｉｃｏｒｅ ＡＧ ＆ Ｃｏ．ＫＧ 排気ガス後処理システムの再生方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04232359A (ja) * 1990-12-28 1992-08-20 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd 内燃機関の空燃比制御装置
JP2002195025A (ja) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-10 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP2004211676A (ja) * 2002-11-11 2004-07-29 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP2006289211A (ja) * 2005-04-07 2006-10-26 Ne Chemcat Corp アンモニア酸化触媒

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04232359A (ja) * 1990-12-28 1992-08-20 Yanmar Diesel Engine Co Ltd 内燃機関の空燃比制御装置
JP2002195025A (ja) * 2000-12-27 2002-07-10 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP2004211676A (ja) * 2002-11-11 2004-07-29 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
JP2006289211A (ja) * 2005-04-07 2006-10-26 Ne Chemcat Corp アンモニア酸化触媒

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120073273A1 (en) * 2009-06-16 2012-03-29 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
US9109492B2 (en) * 2009-06-16 2015-08-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust purification system of internal combustion engine
JP2016532055A (ja) * 2013-09-11 2016-10-13 ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフトＵｍｉｃｏｒｅ ＡＧ ＆ Ｃｏ．ＫＧ リーンバーン石油系エンジンの排気ガス中におけるｎ２ｏの低減
JP2017515032A (ja) * 2014-04-03 2017-06-08 ユミコア・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフトＵｍｉｃｏｒｅ ＡＧ ＆ Ｃｏ．ＫＧ 排気ガス後処理システムの再生方法

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