WO2010145776A1 - Massenspektrometer und verfahren zur isotopenanalyse - Google Patents
Massenspektrometer und verfahren zur isotopenanalyse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010145776A1 WO2010145776A1 PCT/EP2010/003491 EP2010003491W WO2010145776A1 WO 2010145776 A1 WO2010145776 A1 WO 2010145776A1 EP 2010003491 W EP2010003491 W EP 2010003491W WO 2010145776 A1 WO2010145776 A1 WO 2010145776A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- ion
- mass spectrometer
- arrangement
- detectors
- spectrometer according
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/025—Detectors specially adapted to particle spectrometers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
- B01D59/44—Separation by mass spectrography
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/06—Electron- or ion-optical arrangements
- H01J49/061—Ion deflecting means, e.g. ion gates
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/26—Mass spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/28—Static spectrometers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mass spectrometer for the analysis of isotopic ratios, comprising at least one magnetic analyzer and optionally also an electrical analyzer, having a first arrangement of ion detectors and / or ion passages and a second arrangement of ion detectors disposed downstream thereof in ion beam direction, with at least one deflector in the region of the two arrangements of ion detectors or between these arrangements.
- the invention relates to a method for isotope analysis of a sample.
- Preferred fields of application of the invention are geochronology and the control and control of nuclear processes.
- Drive for the invention is the desire for a universal measuring system as possible.
- different elements each with several isotopes of interest.
- determining the age of the mineral zircon is important, both with the so-called "uranium-lead method” and with the "lutetium-hafnium method".
- the details of these methods are of minor importance to the invention. It is essential that - usually at high background of the main constituents of the parent rock (the relevant for the uranium-lead method isotopes represent only a few percent, typically even only a few ppm of the total material) - ratios of several isotopes must be measured, eg. As 204 Pb, 206 Pb, 207 Pb, 235 U, 238 U, and possibly other masses / isotopes to hedge and correct the results.
- Lu / Hf method On the same rocks can also be dated after Lu / Hf method are obtained, whereby here the proportions are substantially larger, in zircons: HfO 2 to 30% (typically 5%), ThO 2 to 12%, U 3 O 8 to 1, 5%.
- Another application is the measurement of (enriched) uranium, in which the masses 233, 234, 235, 236 and 238 are observed.
- 238 U is the dominant isotope.
- the isotope 235 is present at about 0.7% and 234 at about 5 ppm.
- the measurements are typically performed with (double-focusing) multi-collector mass spectrometers, where different measurement channels are assigned to the different isotopes.
- the type of measuring channel depends on the (expected) intensity and the intensity of the adjacent channels.
- the collectors can be mobile (TFS Neptune or TFS Triton) or the mass-dependent distance between the isotopes can be compensated by an ion-optical element.
- portable elements are provided for universal use, which carry Faraday and / or Channeltron detectors, and a special channel with an ion counter (secondary electron multiplier) and a Faraday detector, in which between and Faraday operation can be switched.
- An additional energy barrier (RPQ) is available in front of the counting detector in this channel.
- RPQ additional energy barrier
- z As for the measurement of uranium, separate counting detectors (channeltrons) are kept, especially for higher masses, where very small distances between the detectors for adjacent masses are needed.
- a mass spectrometer of the applicant with the name Triton or Neptune is provided with a multi-collector device.
- a plurality of ion detectors are held parallel to one another and partially displaceable. The shift allows an adaptation of the
- gaps may generally be present as ion passages or formed by moving the detectors.
- the detectors of the first arrangement are formed relatively narrow transversely to the ion beam, so that correspondingly many mass positions can be covered.
- these detector types are often not suitable for detecting lowest count rates or have a limited dynamic range.
- These are, for example, Faraday collectors, mini secondary electron multipliers or so-called channeltrons. Combinations are possible.
- Significantly more space, in contrast, require standard secondary electron multiplier (SEV) 1, in particular in conjunction with an upstream energy barrier. This is for example designed as RPQ (Retarding Potential Quadrupole).
- Ion beams of isotopes with very low counts are preferably passed through an ion passage in the first array and then enter an SEV of the second array.
- the ion beams previously pass through an energy barrier for masking ion beams of other masses that have come to the SEV position by scattering.
- the principle of energy barriers is explained in DE 40 02 849 A1 and EP 1 339 089 B1. Also known is the deflection of ion beams by deflectors, compare the mass spectrometer Triton and Neptune of the applicant.
- the cost of ion detectors naturally depends on their number and type. Especially the SEV with upstream energy barriers are relatively expensive in relation to Faraday interceptors. It is therefore useful to use as few SEVs or as few detectors as possible, especially in the second arrangement.
- Desired is an increased flexibility of the device while improving performance.
- the latter especially for the measurement of U and Pb.
- the mass spectrometer according to the invention is characterized by a control for the at least one deflector such that ion beams of different isotopes (with different mass-to-charge ratios) can be fed to at least one ion detector from the second arrangement.
- Mass spectrometers and ion detectors are thus usable for various applications.
- the ion detector of the second arrangement is thus used for the measurement of different isotopes. This is achieved by, if necessary, an ion beam of a certain mass position, which would not normally reach the ion detector of the second array, is fed by deflection exactly this ion detector. Since the ion detector from the second arrangement is in any case assigned to a specific ion mass and corresponding to a specific position, the deflection results in the possibility of detecting a further ion mass. This allows the Number of ion detectors of the second arrangement can be reduced. In the extreme case, only one ion detector is present in the second arrangement. At the same time, the n possible ion passages of the first arrangement are assigned n-1 deflectors. From an n-th ion passage the ion beam passes without deflector to the ion detector of the second arrangement.
- additional channels are provided in which, by deflection (eg by means of deflectors), the respective ion beams are directed onto the desired detector.
- deflection e.g by means of deflectors
- the possibility is created by different positions in the image plane to achieve the same detector. In this way, flexibility can be increased or the number of particularly expensive detectors can be minimized, for example, in the case of limited space.
- virtual measurement channels i.e., positions in the image plane of the mass spectrometer
- can be assigned to any real interceptors Faraday detector, Channeltron, Standard SEV, Mini-SEV).
- the mass spectrometer according to the invention is used in particular for the isotope ratio analysis in connection with heavy elements such as uranium, lead, plutonium, hafnium, thorium, lutetium, ytterbium, mercury.
- heavy elements such as uranium, lead, plutonium, hafnium, thorium, lutetium, ytterbium, mercury.
- Another important application or part of the former application is the age determination of minerals such as zircons. Accordingly, a sample can contain isotopes of different elements, if appropriate also in compounds.
- the mass spectrometer may be simple or double focusing.
- a dual focusing mass spectrometer is provided with a magnetic and an electrical sector.
- ICP Inductive Coupled Plasma
- GD Glow Discharge
- Tl Thermal Ionization
- the ion detectors can also all be arranged fixed.
- a plurality of deflectors are provided, in particular parallel to one another.
- a plurality of deflectors are provided at a distance from one another both transversely to the ion beam and at a distance parallel to the ion beam.
- the deflectors are therefore arranged offset at an angle to one another, preferably for reasons of space or to redirect ions coming from a deflector into an ion detector of the second arrangement. This can be advantageous for detectors that can detect ion beams only at a certain angle.
- the deflectors are at the same time energy barriers or that the detectors are assigned energy barriers, in particular upstream.
- energy barriers can ion-optical elements, such as ion lenses, brake electrodes or RPQ (Retarding Potential Quadrupole) act.
- the second array of ion detectors may be arranged downstream of a third array of ion detectors.
- ion passages are present in the first and second arrays or to be formed by displacing detectors.
- one or more deflectors may be provided to redirect ion beams from the first array into mating gaps of the second array.
- the detectors of the third arrangement can, like the detectors of the first and / or second arrangement preferably be displaceable along a row, in particular parallel to the row of detectors in the first arrangement.
- the deflection takes place within the plane spanned by the ion beams (trajectories). Alternatively, however, it is also possible to avoid the third dimension.
- only or predominantly Faraday collectors are provided as ion detectors in the first arrangement. These are especially slim.
- At least one channeltron is present in the first arrangement.
- different isotopes or masses can be better detected.
- At least one mini-SEV miniaturized secondary electron multiplier
- the possibility of detecting different isotopes or masses is thereby further improved.
- At least one secondary electron multiplier is present in the second arrangement.
- this also applies to the third arrangement.
- the at least one secondary electron multiplier in the second or third arrangement may be assigned or arranged upstream of an energy barrier. This allows rejection of misdirected ions of reduced energy prior to entering the photomultiplier tube.
- the invention also provides a multi-collector arrangement for use in an isotope mass spectrometer.
- the invention also provides the uses specified in the claims.
- the inventive method for isotopic analysis of a sample with a single or double focusing mass spectrometer, a first arrangement of ion detectors and ion passages and a second array of ion detectors and with at least one deflector is characterized in that during a measurement at least one isotope of Probe passes an ion passage of the first array and is detected by a particular ion detector of the second array, and that during another measurement, at least one other isotope of the same sample passes through an ion passage of the first array and by deflecting the same particular ion detector (the second array ) as in the other measurement is supplied.
- ion beams can intersect each other between the first and second arrangements.
- the impact cross section of the ions to be considered is so small that a collision is almost impossible.
- FIG. 1 shows a first multi-collector arrangement, in particular in a mass spectrometer according to the invention
- 2 shows a second multi-collector arrangement
- 3 shows a third multi-collector arrangement
- a single or double focusing mass spectrometer with a multi-collector arrangement is extended by additional measuring channels.
- ion beams passing through an image plane are deflected by deflectors into the desired position.
- a deflector 21 directs an ion beam onto a main channel with energy barrier 16/17. Another ion beam may be selectively directed by a deflector 19 to a Faraday receiver 20 or a SEV 18. An adjacent ion beam is deflected by means of a deflector 22 onto another SEV 24 with an energy barrier 23. In an image plane 27 further possibly movable catcher can be positioned, for. As a Faraday interceptor 26 or possibly asymmetrically constructed miniature SEVs 25. Asymmetric (mini) SEVs have the inlet opening at the edge and can be used in the first arrangement, e.g. in the outer area of the arrangement and with the inlet openings next to each other or when only signals at intervals of two or more mass units of interest.
- Asymmetric (mini) SEVs have the inlet opening at the edge and can be used in the first arrangement, e.g. in the outer area of the arrangement and with the inlet openings next to each other or when only signals at intervals of two or more mass
- FIG. 1 can be used, for example, to expand a universal mass spectrometer combination by special detection options optimized for uranium.
- Enriched uranium is dominated by masses 235 and 238. The extensions of these peaks can interfere with measurements on the adjacent channels (see U238 tailing tables). This can be prevented by an energy barrier.
- Another application is the dating of zirconia. It is of interest to measure different isotopes of U, Th, Hf, Lu, Yb, Pb and Hg. With the Structure of FIG. 1, the elements U, Th, Pb and Hg can first be measured simultaneously, and then the elements Hf, Lu and Yb. The detector "RPQ C" is used in both measurements, but driven from different positions in the image plane 27 from.
- the selection of the detectors is made according to the signal intensities and expected disturbances.
- channel RPQ-C with Faraday collector 15 and SEV 17 with energy barrier 16 (retarding potential) channel RPQ-A with SEV 24 with energy barrier 23, and RPQ-B with SEM 18 and Faraday 20 - are two more SEV 25 used in the image plane. Since not directly adjacent masses are of interest (eg, not "203"), it is often not a problem if an "in-line" SEM is twice the width of a mass gap in the image plane.
- Fig.2 Configuration to Tables 1 and 2.
- the individual passages P1 to P17 lead to different detectors (see tables).
- the passages are movable here and more of a logical concept than a physical one.
- a free or field-free space is sufficient, but there may also be defining diaphragms and further ion-optical elements there. These can be mobile or solid.
- the detector assignment is based on the relative intensities of the isotopes.
- the deflectors 101... 106 serve to deflect the ion beams.
- the deflectors 101, 102 and 105 allow the channel "RPQ-C" with SEV 107 and brake lens 110 to be reached from both the passage P11 and the passage P6.
- the detectors are also beam switches.
- the SEV are characterized by a larger dynamic range compared to the Channeltrons, the Channeltrons are smaller and can easily be arranged behind or next to passages at a distance from a mass.
- Lu is an interference at 176Hf and must be accurately determined to correctly determine the 176Hf / 177Hf ratio. This is the geologically interesting relationship.
- the Lu concentration is usually much lower than the Hf concentration and therefore it is important to measure this contamination with the ion counter.
- samples of other applications can be easily measured, e.g. 90Sr, 88Sr, 87Sr, 86Sr, 84Sr for medical and geological surveys and 210Pb, 208Pb, 207Pb, 206Pb, 204Pb for age dating of samples.
- FIG. 3 shows a configuration with fixed slots, preferably in the region of the image plane 27, namely a hypothetical configuration for three measurement situations represented by different line types (FIG.
- the detector system can be controlled efficiently with variable magnification (eg "zoom lens"). If necessary, can the mass spacing varies such that only every other passage (or less) is assigned to a mass.
- variable magnification eg "zoom lens”
- the Faraday detectors can be movable so that they can be used, for. B. can be moved behind any passages (and in particular passages can be released.
- FIG. 4 shows a configuration in which all the detectors - SEVs 130 to 133 and Faraday catchers 140 to 143 - are arranged behind the focal / image plane 27.
- image plane 27 In the image plane 27 are only (optional movable) passages with deflectors 150-155.
- the deflectors direct the ion beams to the desired detectors. In principle, it is also possible for ion beams to intersect, since the ions hardly interact at least at moderate beam intensities.
- the multiple use of the center RPQ (with beam switch 102) allows almost any application to be measured optimally with one apparatus without conversions.
- Channel 11 is also used to measure different masses alternately (peak jumping). It is particularly advantageous that behind a passage SEM with energy filter and Faraday interceptor for
- the 1 ppm error means that the signal in position 236 and 234 can be falsified by a few percent in the case of slightly to moderately enriched uranium.
- Ch Channeltron
- F Faraday interceptor
- RPQ retarding potential quadrupole ⁇ secondary electron multiplier [SEV] with upstream energy barrier, e.g. a "brake lens”).
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- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
- Electron Tubes For Measurement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/377,807 US8592757B2 (en) | 2009-06-19 | 2010-06-10 | Mass spectrometer and method for isotope analysis |
GB1121718.9A GB2483201B (en) | 2009-06-19 | 2010-06-10 | Mass spectrometer and method for analyzing isotopes |
DE112010002579.7T DE112010002579B4 (de) | 2009-06-19 | 2010-06-10 | Massenspektrometer und verfahren zur isotopenanalyse |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009029899.1 | 2009-06-19 | ||
DE102009029899A DE102009029899A1 (de) | 2009-06-19 | 2009-06-19 | Massenspektrometer und Verfahren zur Isotopenanalyse |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010145776A1 true WO2010145776A1 (de) | 2010-12-23 |
Family
ID=42320388
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2010/003491 WO2010145776A1 (de) | 2009-06-19 | 2010-06-10 | Massenspektrometer und verfahren zur isotopenanalyse |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8592757B2 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102009029899A1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2483201B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2010145776A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103313502A (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-18 | 株式会社东芝 | 离子源、重粒子线照射装置及方法、离子源的驱动方法 |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010032823B4 (de) * | 2010-07-30 | 2013-02-07 | Ion-Tof Technologies Gmbh | Verfahren sowie ein Massenspektrometer zum Nachweis von Ionen oder nachionisierten Neutralteilchen aus Proben |
US9594879B2 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2017-03-14 | California Instutute Of Technology | System and method for determining the isotopic anatomy of organic and volatile molecules |
GB2561998A (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2018-10-31 | California Inst Of Techn | Mass spectrometer, system comprising the same, and methods for determining isotopic anatomy of compounds |
LU92131B1 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2014-07-14 | Ct De Rech Public Gabriel Lippmann | Mass spectrometer with improved magnetic sector |
GB2535754A (en) | 2015-02-26 | 2016-08-31 | Nu Instr Ltd | Mass spectrometers |
GB2541391B (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-11-28 | Thermo Fisher Scient Bremen Gmbh | Detector and slit configuration in an isotope ratio mass spectrometer |
GB201514471D0 (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2015-09-30 | Thermo Fisher Scient Bremen | Quantitative measurements of elemental and molecular species using high mass resolution mass spectrometry |
GB2546060B (en) | 2015-08-14 | 2018-12-19 | Thermo Fisher Scient Bremen Gmbh | Multi detector mass spectrometer and spectrometry method |
CN110702771B (zh) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-08-11 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | 多离子计数器动态多接收锆石ID-TIMS Pb同位素测定方法 |
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DE3905631A1 (de) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-08-30 | Finnigan Mat Gmbh | Verfahren zur massenspektroskopischen untersuchung von isotopen sowie isotopenmassenspektrometer |
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JP2009507212A (ja) * | 2005-09-02 | 2009-02-19 | オーストラリアン ヌークリア サイエンス アンド テクノロジー オーガニゼイション | 同位体比質量分析計および同位体比の決定方法 |
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2009
- 2009-06-19 DE DE102009029899A patent/DE102009029899A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2010
- 2010-06-10 GB GB1121718.9A patent/GB2483201B/en active Active
- 2010-06-10 DE DE112010002579.7T patent/DE112010002579B4/de active Active
- 2010-06-10 WO PCT/EP2010/003491 patent/WO2010145776A1/de active Application Filing
- 2010-06-10 US US13/377,807 patent/US8592757B2/en active Active
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DE3905631A1 (de) * | 1989-02-23 | 1990-08-30 | Finnigan Mat Gmbh | Verfahren zur massenspektroskopischen untersuchung von isotopen sowie isotopenmassenspektrometer |
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EP0490626A2 (de) * | 1990-12-10 | 1992-06-17 | FISONS plc | Massenspektrometer mit elektrostatischem Energiefilter |
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CN103313502A (zh) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-18 | 株式会社东芝 | 离子源、重粒子线照射装置及方法、离子源的驱动方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB201121718D0 (en) | 2012-02-01 |
DE102009029899A1 (de) | 2010-12-23 |
GB2483201A (en) | 2012-02-29 |
GB2483201B (en) | 2014-02-12 |
DE112010002579A5 (de) | 2012-05-16 |
US20120085904A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
DE112010002579B4 (de) | 2019-04-18 |
US8592757B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
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