WO2010134566A1 - 銀系無機抗菌剤およびその製造方法、ならびに抗菌加工製品 - Google Patents
銀系無機抗菌剤およびその製造方法、ならびに抗菌加工製品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010134566A1 WO2010134566A1 PCT/JP2010/058502 JP2010058502W WO2010134566A1 WO 2010134566 A1 WO2010134566 A1 WO 2010134566A1 JP 2010058502 W JP2010058502 W JP 2010058502W WO 2010134566 A1 WO2010134566 A1 WO 2010134566A1
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- silver
- antibacterial agent
- based inorganic
- zirconium phosphate
- inorganic antibacterial
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/38—Condensed phosphates
- C01B25/42—Pyrophosphates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/26—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silver-based antibacterial agent mainly composed of zirconium phosphate supporting silver, a method for producing the same, and an antibacterial processed product containing the antibacterial agent by kneading or coating.
- the antibacterial agent of the present invention is superior in water resistance compared to conventional antibacterial agents, has excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance and processability, and has excellent sustained release of silver ions, so that the water resistance and durability of the antibacterial effect are improved. It is a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent.
- zirconium phosphate-based inorganic ion exchangers have been used for various purposes taking advantage of their characteristics.
- the zirconium phosphate-based inorganic ion exchanger includes an amorphous one, a crystalline one having a two-dimensional layer structure, and a crystalline one having a three-dimensional network structure.
- hexagonal zirconium phosphate which has a three-dimensional network structure, is excellent in heat resistance, chemical resistance, radiation resistance and low thermal expansibility, etc., fixing radioactive waste, solid electrolyte, gas adsorption and It is applied to separation agents, catalysts, and antibacterial raw materials.
- Non-Patent Document 1 A X NH 4 (1-X) Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 .nH 2 O is disclosed in Patent Document 1, and AZr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 .nH 2 O is disclosed in Patent Document 2.
- H n R 1-n Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 3 .mH 2 O is disclosed in Patent Document 3.
- zirconium phosphates with different ratios of Zr and P For example, Na 1 + 4x Zr 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 is disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1, and Na 1 + 2x Mg x Zr 2-x (PO 4 ) 3 is disclosed in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2. Is disclosed.
- Non-patent documents 2 and 3 disclose Na 1 + x Zr 2 Si x P 3-x O 12 .
- hexagonal zirconium phosphates are synthesized mainly by a high-temperature heat synthesis method in which a solid powder raw material is mixed and then heat-treated at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher using a high-temperature heat treatment furnace or the like.
- Hydrothermal method to synthesize by heating under pressure in a state containing water by mixing raw materials dissolved in water or mixing raw materials in water, and wet method to synthesize by heating under normal pressure in a state containing water It has been known.
- the high-temperature heating synthesis method can synthesize zirconium phosphate with an appropriately adjusted P / Zr ratio by simply preparing raw materials and heating them at a high temperature.
- uniform mixing of raw materials is not easy, and it is difficult to form zirconium phosphate having a uniform composition.
- pulverization and classification have to be performed, and there has been a problem in terms of quality and productivity.
- crystalline zirconium phosphate containing ammonia cannot be synthesized by the high temperature heating synthesis method.
- the hydrothermal method and the wet method can obtain homogeneous fine particulate zirconium phosphate.
- Ions such as silver, copper, zinc, tin, mercury, lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, barium, cadmium, and chromium are metal ions that exhibit antifungal, antibacterial and antialgal properties ( Hereinafter, it is known as an antibacterial metal ion for a long time.
- silver ions are widely used as an aqueous silver nitrate solution having a disinfecting action and a bactericidal action.
- the above-mentioned metal ions exhibiting antifungal, antibacterial or anti-algal properties are often toxic to the human body, and there are various restrictions in usage, storage, disposal, etc., and their use is also limited. .
- an antibacterial, antibacterial or algaeic antibacterial agent an organic supported antibacterial agent in which an antibacterial metal ion is supported on an ion exchange resin or a chelate resin, and the antibacterial metal ion in a clay mineral Inorganic antibacterial agents supported on inorganic ion exchangers or porous bodies have been proposed.
- silver-based inorganic antibacterial agents that carry silver ions on inorganic compounds have improved safety compared to silver nitrate aqueous solution, long-lasting antibacterial effect, and excellent heat resistance. Therefore, there are few restrictions on the method of use, storage, disposal, and application, and now it is applied to various products.
- silver ions are unstable with respect to exposure to heat and light, and are immediately reduced to metallic silver, causing problems such as long-term stability such as coloring.
- the performance of the obtained silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent is different, and it is often the case that it is subject to some restrictions.
- antibacterial agents obtained by ion exchange of alkali metal ions such as sodium ions and silver ions in clay minerals such as montmorillonite and zeolite are known. This is because the skeletal structure of the clay mineral itself is inferior in acid resistance. For example, silver ions are easily eluted in an acidic solution and the antibacterial effect is not sustained.
- M 1 is a kind of metal ion selected from silver, copper, zinc, tin, mercury, lead, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, barium, cadmium or chromium.
- A is at least one ion selected from alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, ammonium ions or hydrogen ions
- M 2 is a tetravalent metal
- n is a number satisfying 0 ⁇ n ⁇ 6
- a and b are positive numbers
- This antibacterial agent is known as a material that is chemically and physically stable and exhibits antifungal and antibacterial properties for a long period of time.
- the elution rate of silver ions is high, so that long-term effects cannot be obtained as a product.
- JP-A-6-48713 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-17112 JP 60-239313 A JP 04-275370 A
- the present invention is to provide a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent and antibacterial processed product that are excellent in heat resistance, chemical resistance, processability, and water resistance.
- the present inventors have solved the problem with a zirconium phosphate-based silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent represented by the following formula [1] containing zirconium pyrophosphate (ZrP 2 0 7 ).
- the present invention has been completed by finding out what can be done.
- the present invention is an antibacterial processed product containing the silver inorganic antibacterial agent described above.
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention is superior in water resistance durability of the antibacterial effect as compared with the existing silver zirconium phosphate-based antibacterial agent.
- the X-ray-diffraction figure which measured the inorganic antibacterial agent obtained in Example 1 with the powder X-ray-diffraction apparatus The X-ray-diffraction figure which measured the inorganic antibacterial agent obtained by the comparative example 4 with the powder X-ray-diffraction apparatus.
- a is 0 ⁇ a, preferably 0.01 or more, more preferably 0.03 or more, and a is preferably 1 or less, more preferably 0.6 or less. If a is less than 0.01, antibacterial properties may not be sufficiently exhibited.
- b has an optimum value for M depending on the type of alkali metal ion, ammonium ion, hydrogen ion, or oxonium ion. 0 ⁇ b, preferably 0.01 or more. Further, b is less than 1.5, preferably less than 1.0, and more preferably 0.9 or less. When the value of b is large, the antibacterial agent of the present invention tends to cause discoloration when blended with the resin, and when b is 0.6 or more, discoloration is particularly likely.
- c and d are 1.75 ⁇ (c + d) ⁇ 2.2, c is preferably less than 2.15, more preferably less than 2.10, and more preferably 1.80 or more, 1.85 or more is more preferable, and 1.90 or more is still more preferable. Moreover, d is preferably 0.2 or less, more preferably 0.001 or more and 0.15 or less, and more preferably 0.005 or more and 0.10 or less. When c + d is 1.75 or less or 2.2 or more, it may be difficult to obtain homogeneous zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [1], which is not preferable.
- n is preferably 1 or less, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5, and particularly preferably 0.03 to 0.3.
- n is more than 2
- the absolute amount of water contained in the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention is large, and foaming or hydrolysis may occur during processing, which is not preferable.
- the following can be illustrated as a silver type inorganic antibacterial agent shown by Formula [1].
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention is a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent described in the above formula [1] containing zirconium pyrophosphate (ZrP2O7).
- Zirconium pyrophosphate is present in an integral manner with the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent particles of the above formula [1] and cannot be separated, and is not a mixture of different compounds.
- Zirconium pyrophosphate cannot be separated from the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent, but the content can be confirmed by a powder X-ray diffraction diagram.
- the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of zirconium pyrophosphate is shown in ASTM File No.
- the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of AgZr 2 (PO 4) 3 which is a similar compound to the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the above formula [1] is ASTM File No. 34-1245, and the d value is 2.87 (100), 4.38 (50), 3.80 (50), 2.67 (50), 2.54 (30), 1.90 (30). 4.55 (20), 2.28 (20).
- the X-ray diffraction peak intensity of 2 ⁇ 20.0 ° to 20.2 ° (corresponding to d value of 4.4) indicating the crystal structure of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the above formula [1]
- the relative strength is preferably 5 to 50, more preferably 10 to 40, and particularly preferably 15 to 35.
- the relative intensity of the X-ray diffraction peak of 2 ⁇ 21.3 ° to 21.5 ° (corresponding to d value of 4.1) indicating the presence of zirconium pyrophosphate crystals relative to the case.
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent represented by the formula [1] of the present invention has a coefficient b1 of the formula [3] of 0.6 to 0 per mole of the zirconium phosphate compound represented by the following formula [3]. It is a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent that can be obtained by ion-exchange using an aqueous solution containing an amount of silver nitrate multiplied by .99, followed by thermal decomposition treatment.
- the method for synthesizing the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] is preferably a wet method or a hydrothermal method in which various raw materials are reacted in an aqueous solution.
- a specific method for synthesizing zirconium phosphate in which A in Formula [3] is an ammonium ion contains a predetermined amount of a zirconium compound, ammonia or a salt thereof, oxalic acid or a salt thereof, phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, and the like.
- the aqueous solution is adjusted to pH 4 or less with caustic soda or ammonia water, and then heated at a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher for synthesis.
- a specific method for synthesizing zirconium phosphate in which A in formula [3] is a hydrogen ion includes an aqueous solution containing a predetermined amount of a zirconium compound, oxalic acid or a salt thereof, and phosphoric acid or a salt thereof. Then, after adjusting the pH to 4 or less, the zirconium phosphate obtained by heating at a temperature of 70 ° C. or higher is further agitated in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid or the like to carry hydrogen ions to synthesize.
- the hydrogen ions can be supported simultaneously with the silver ions supported by silver nitrate or after the silver ions are supported.
- the synthesized zirconium phosphate is further filtered, washed with water to a predetermined electrical conductivity, dried and lightly pulverized to obtain white particulate zirconium phosphate. Moreover, if it is the hydrothermal method synthesize
- zirconium compound that can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3]
- a water-soluble or acid-soluble zirconium salt can be used.
- zirconium nitrate, zirconium acetate, zirconium sulfate, basic zirconium sulfate, zirconium oxysulfate, and zirconium oxychloride are exemplified, and zirconium oxychloride is preferable in consideration of reactivity and economy.
- Hafnium compounds that can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] are water-soluble or acid-soluble hafnium salts such as hafnium chloride, hafnium oxychloride, and hafnium ethoxide. Also, zirconium compounds containing hafnium can be used. The hafnium content contained in the zirconium compound is preferably 0.1% to 5%, more preferably 0.3% to 4%. In the present invention, it is preferable to use zirconium oxychloride containing such a small amount of hafnium in view of reactivity, economy, and the like.
- oxalic acid or a salt thereof that can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] include oxalic acid dihydrate, sodium oxalate, ammonium oxalate, sodium hydrogen oxalate, and ammonium hydrogen oxalate. Etc., and preferably oxalic acid dihydrate.
- ammonia or a salt thereof that can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] include ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, aqueous ammonia, ammonium oxalate, and ammonium phosphate. Ammonium or aqueous ammonia.
- phosphoric acid or a salt thereof that can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] a soluble or acid-soluble salt is preferable.
- phosphoric acid, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate examples include ammonium hydrogen phosphate and ammonium phosphate, and phosphoric acid is more preferable.
- the concentration of the phosphoric acid is preferably about 60% to 85%.
- the molar ratio of phosphoric acid or a salt thereof to the zirconium compound is more than 1.5 to less than 2, more preferably 1 0.51 to less than 1.71, more preferably 1.52 to 1.67, and particularly preferably 1.52 to 1.65. That is, the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] is preferably synthesized by a wet method or a hydrothermal method in which the mole of phosphoric acid or a salt thereof is in the range of more than 1.5 to less than 2 per mole of the zirconium compound. Can do.
- the molar ratio of phosphoric acid or a salt thereof to ammonia or a salt thereof when synthesizing the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] (ammonia or a salt thereof is 1) is preferably 0.3 to 10. Further, 1 to 10 is preferable, and 2 to 5 is particularly preferable.
- the molar ratio of phosphoric acid or a salt thereof to oxalic acid or a salt thereof (where oxalic acid or a salt thereof is 1) when synthesizing the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] is preferably 1 to 6, more preferably It is preferably 1.5 to 5, more preferably 1.51 to 4, and particularly preferably 1.52 to 3.5. That is, the method for synthesizing zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] can be preferably synthesized by a wet method or hydrothermal method containing oxalic acid or a salt thereof. However, in the case of the hydrothermal method, it is not necessary to contain oxalic acid or a salt thereof.
- the solid content concentration in the reaction slurry when synthesizing the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] is preferably 3% by mass or more, and more preferably between 7% and 20% in view of efficiency such as economy.
- the pH when synthesizing the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] is preferably 1 or more and 4 or less, more preferably 1.3 to 3.5, still more preferably 1.8 to 3.0, Particularly preferred is 2.0 to 3.0. If the pH is more than 4, it is not preferable because zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] may not be synthesized. If the pH is less than 1, it may not be possible to synthesize the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3]. For adjusting the pH, it is preferable to use sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or aqueous ammonia, and more preferably sodium hydroxide.
- the synthesis temperature when synthesizing the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] is preferably 70 ° C. or higher, more preferably 80 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 90 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 95 ° C. or higher. .
- a synthesis temperature 150 degrees C or less is preferable and 120 degrees C or less is more preferable. If the temperature is less than 70 ° C., the zirconium phosphate of the present invention may not be synthesized, which is not preferable. Further, if the temperature is higher than 150 ° C., it is not preferable because it is disadvantageous in terms of energy.
- the synthesis time of the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] varies depending on the synthesis temperature.
- the synthesis time of the zirconium phosphate of the present invention is preferably 4 hours or longer, more preferably 8 hours to 72 hours, further preferably 10 hours to 48 hours.
- the median diameter of zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] can be synthesized between 0.1 and 5 ⁇ m.
- the median diameter of the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] is preferably 0.1 to 4 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.2 to 3 ⁇ m, still more preferably 0.3 to 2 ⁇ m.
- the maximum particle size of the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 6 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 4 ⁇ m or less.
- zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] that can be used as a raw material for the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention include the following. Na 0.07 (NH 4 ) 0.85 Zr 2.0 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.65H 2 O Na 0.12 (NH 4 ) 0.65 Zr 2.01 Hf 0.03 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.85H 2 O Na 0.19 (NH 4 ) 0.65 Zr 2.03 Hf 0.01 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.75H 2 O Na 0.21 (NH 4 ) 0.75 Zr 1.99 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.6H 2 O Na 0.27 (NH 4 ) 0.75 Zr 1.92 Hf 0.15 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.75H 2 O Na 0.29 (NH 4 ) 0.55 Zr 1.92 Hf 0.05 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.5H 2 O Na 0.57 (NH 4 ) 0.55 Zr 1.95 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the formula [1] it is obtained by subjecting these zirconium phosphates to silver ion exchange, followed by thermal decomposition treatment.
- the method of exchanging silver ions is to immerse zirconium phosphate in an aqueous solution containing silver nitrate.
- the silver nitrate content of the aqueous solution increasing the amount of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent in the resin When blended and used, it is preferable because it is difficult to change the color.
- too much is not economically preferable because excessive silver ions remain in the aqueous solution.
- an aqueous solution containing silver nitrate in an amount obtained by multiplying the coefficient b1 of the formula [3] by 0.6 to 0.99 per mole of the zirconium phosphate compound represented by the formula [3]. More preferably, an aqueous solution containing silver nitrate in an amount obtained by multiplying the coefficient b1 of the formula [3] by 0.7 to 0.98 per mole of zirconium phosphate is used.
- the amount of the zirconium phosphate immersed in the aqueous solution may be a concentration that can be uniformly mixed with the aqueous solution. Specifically, the zirconium phosphate represented by the formula [3] is 20% of the total amount with the aqueous solution. % Or less is preferable.
- the aqueous solution containing silver ions it is preferable to use an aqueous solution in which silver nitrate is dissolved in deionized water.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution at the time of ion exchange can be 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 20 to 80 ° C. Since this ion exchange is carried out quickly, the immersion time can be within 5 minutes, but 30 minutes to 5 hours are preferable in order to obtain a uniform and high silver ion exchange rate. Even if immersion is performed for 5 hours or more, the exchange of silver ions does not proceed further.
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent represented by the formula [1] containing zirconium pyrophosphate at a certain concentration can be obtained by subjecting it to filtration and drying in a state adjusted to an appropriate bulk specific gravity. Washing with water is preferably carried out until an appropriate degree of cleaning is achieved.
- the appropriate degree of cleaning is that the electrical conductivity when particles are suspended in deionized water is 15 ⁇ S or more and 570 ⁇ S or less, and more preferably. Is 20 ⁇ S or more and 470 ⁇ S or less.
- the unit S of electrical conductivity is defined as the reciprocal of the unit ohm of electrical resistance, and is an SI unit called Siemens.
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent After washing with water, the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent is separated into only solids by filtration and dried once.
- the dried solid content after filtration is present in the form of agglomerated large lump, but if this is baked as it is, the internal calcination is insufficient due to poor heat conduction, and the quality tends to be non-uniform. Therefore, it is preferable to once crush the solid content after drying into a lump of an appropriate size. In some cases, crushing can be done by hand, but if it is hard, it can be broken by hitting large chunks or hitting with a hammer.
- These pulverizations can also be performed using a pulverizer such as a ball mill, a hammer mill, a pin mill, or a raking machine.
- the solid content that has been filtered and dried is agglomerated and has a high bulk specific gravity. However, as it is crushed and becomes a fine powder, the bulk specific gravity decreases, so an appropriate degree of pulverization is specified. Bulk specific gravity can be used as an index.
- the bulk specific gravity in the present invention is essentially the same idea as the apparent density (bulk specific gravity) defined by JIS K5101-1991, for example, and the powder is gently put into a beaker-like receiver or beaker with a capacity of 1 L. It can be determined by weighing the whole weight after filling in and scraping off the mountain with a spatula.
- the preferred bulk specific gravity of the solid before pyrolysis is 0.80 to 2.00 (g / ml), and the more preferred bulk specific gravity is 0.90 to 1.45 ( g / ml), more preferably 1.00 to 1.35 (g / ml).
- Thermal decomposition can be performed at 800 ° C. or higher and 1100 ° C. or lower, preferably 820 ° C. or higher and 1050 ° C. or lower, more preferably 850 ° C. or higher and 950 ° C. or lower.
- 800 ° C. or higher is preferable, and in order to avoid aggregation due to melting of particles, 1000 ° C. or lower is preferable.
- Pyrolysis can be performed by a heating device such as an electric furnace or gas furnace, and the particles can be placed in a refractory box or placed directly in the furnace, and stirred while heating. Also good.
- the pyrolysis temperature means the surface temperature of the particles, it can be measured by a method such as a thermometer protruding into the furnace to the vicinity of the particle surface or a radiation thermometer.
- a gas furnace is often used.
- a method in which particles are placed in a refractory box is stacked with gaps, and hot air heated with combustion gas is circulated in the furnace.
- the elution amount of silver from the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention is controlled by thermal decomposition. That is, the antibacterial agent before pyrolysis has too much elution of silver, and the elution amount decreases rapidly with time. The decrease in density is reduced. It is preferable that the elution amount of silver after pyrolysis is 10% or more and 70% or less with respect to the elution amount of silver before pyrolysis.
- the longer the time for the thermal decomposition treatment the better the discoloration resistance and the uniform properties can be obtained.
- the longer time is not economical because it is not economical, and it is preferably 1 hour or more, and 2 hours or more for improving the discoloration resistance. 60 hours or less, more preferably 4 hours or more and 36 hours or less.
- the relationship between the temperature and the thermal decomposition time is also important. If it is 850 ° C., it is 6 hours or more and 60 hours or less, if it is 900 ° C., it is 2 hours or more and 48 hours or less, and if it is 950 ° C. Can be disassembled. After pyrolysis, since the particles of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention may be solidified, it is better to crush the solidified material using a pulverizer.
- the usage form of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately mixed with other components or combined with other materials depending on the application.
- it can be used in various forms such as powder, powder-containing dispersion, powder-containing particles, powder-containing paint, powder-containing fiber, powder-containing paper, powder-containing plastic, powder-containing film, powder-containing aerosol, etc.
- various additives or materials such as other antibacterial agents, deodorants, antiviral agents, antiallergen agents, photocatalysts, flameproofing agents, anticorrosives, fertilizers and building materials.
- various additives may be mixed as necessary in order to improve kneading into a resin and other physical properties.
- pigments such as zinc oxide and titanium oxide
- inorganic ion exchangers such as zirconium phosphate and zeolite
- dyes antioxidants, light-resistant stabilizers, flame retardants, antistatic agents, foaming agents, impact-strengthening agents
- Lubricants such as glass fibers, metal soaps, moisture-proofing agents and extenders, coupling agents, nucleating agents, fluidity improvers, deodorants, wood powder, antifungal agents, antifouling agents, rust preventives, metal powders, UV rays
- UV rays There are absorbers, UV shielding agents and the like.
- An antibacterial resin composition can be easily obtained by blending the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention with a resin.
- the type of resin that can be used is not particularly limited, and may be any of a natural resin, a synthetic resin, and a semi-synthetic resin, and may be any of a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin.
- Specific resins may be molding resins, fiber resins, and rubber-like resins. For example, polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride, ABS resin, AS resin, MBS resin, nylon resin, polyester, polychlorinated resin.
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention can be combined with natural fiber to produce an antibacterial fiber.
- the blending ratio of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention in the antibacterial resin composition is preferably 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, more preferably 0.3 to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the antibacterial resin composition. . If the amount is less than 0.1 parts by weight, the antibacterial durability of the antibacterial resin composition may not be sufficiently improved. On the other hand, even if it is added more than 50 parts by weight, the antibacterial effect is hardly improved and is not economical. In addition, the physical properties of the resin may be significantly reduced.
- Any known method can be adopted as a processing method for blending the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention into a resin to obtain a resin molded product.
- a processing method for blending the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention into a resin to obtain a resin molded product For example, (1) using an additive for facilitating adhesion between silver-based inorganic antibacterial powder and resin, or a dispersant for improving the dispersibility of the antibacterial powder, and mixing the pellet resin or powder resin with a mixer (2) Mixing as described above, forming into pellets with an extrusion molding machine, and then blending the molded product into pellet resin, (3) Silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent After molding into a high-concentration pellet using wax, and then blending the pellet-shaped molding into a pellet-shaped resin. (4) Dispersing and mixing the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent in a high-viscosity liquid such as polyol. There is a method of blending this paste into a pellet-shaped resin
- any known processing technique and machine can be used in accordance with the characteristics of various resins, and mixing, mixing or mixing with heating and pressurizing or depressurizing at an appropriate temperature or pressure. They can be easily prepared by a kneading method, and their specific operation may be performed by a conventional method. Various operations such as a lump, sponge, film, sheet, thread or pipe, or a composite thereof may be used. Can be molded into form. These molded products are called antibacterial processed products because antibacterial performance is imparted by using the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention in combination.
- the usage form of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, and is not limited to being blended with a resin molded product or a polymer compound. Depending on the application requiring antifungal, antialgal and antibacterial properties, it can be appropriately mixed with other components or combined with other materials. For example, it can be used in various forms such as powder, powder-dispersed liquid, granular, aerosol, or liquid. These are all in the category of antimicrobial processed products.
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention is characterized by excellent water resistance, it can be effectively used in applications where water comes into contact. For example, textile products to be washed, pipes and tanks for passing water and soaking, kitchen utensils always in contact with water, toiletry products, sponges and the like. These products are also in the category of antibacterial processed products. ⁇ Use of antibacterial processed product
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention is used in various fields where antifungal, antialgal and antibacterial properties are required, that is, electrical appliances, kitchen products, textile products, residential building materials products, toiletry products, It can be used as paper products, toys, leather products, stationery and other products.
- electrical appliances include dishwashers, dish dryers, refrigerators, washing machines, pots, TVs, personal computers, radio cassettes, cameras, video cameras, water purifiers, rice cookers, vegetable cutters, and registers.
- Kitchen products include tableware, chopping board, push-cut, tray, chopsticks, tea dispenser, thermos, kitchen knife, ladle handle, frying, lunch box, There are rice paddies, bowls, draining bowls, triangular corners, scrubbers, garbage bowls, draining bags, etc.
- Textile products include shower curtains, futon cotton, air conditioner filters, pantyhose, socks, towels, sheets, duvet covers, pillows, gloves, apron, curtains, diapers, bandages, masks, sportswear House and building material products include decorative panels, wallpaper, floor boards, window films, handles, carpets, mats, artificial marble, handrails, joints, tiles, and waxes.
- toiletries include toilet seats, bathtubs, tiles, pots, filth, toilet brushes, bath lids, pumice stones, soap containers, bath chairs, clothing baskets, showers, and washstands.
- Paper products include wrapping paper , Wrapping paper, medicine box, sketch book, chart, notebook, origami, and toys include dolls, stuffed animals, paper clay, blocks, puzzles, etc.
- leather products include shoes, bags, belts, watch bands, interior items, chairs, gloves, hanging leather, and stationery items include ball pens, sharp pens, pencils, erasers, crayons, paper, There are notebooks, flexible disks, rulers, post-it (product name) sticky notes, staplers, etc.
- Other products include insoles, cosmetic containers, scrubbers, makeup puffs, hearing aids, musical instruments, cigarette filters, cleaning adhesive paper sheets, hanging leather grips, sponges, kitchen towels, cards, microphones, barber supplies , Vending machines, razors, telephones, thermometers, stethoscopes, slippers, clothes cases, toothbrushes, sandbox sand, food packaging films, antibacterial sprays, paints, etc.
- the amount of ammonia was calculated by dissolving the sample using a strong acid and measuring this solution by the indophenol method.
- the amount of oxonium ions was calculated by measuring the weight loss of 160 to 190 ° C. by thermal analysis.
- the powder X-ray diffraction intensity is a measured value (unit cps) of the X-ray diffraction intensity at a specific reflection angle when measured with a CuK ⁇ ray under a measurement condition of 50 kv / 120 mA with a powder X-ray diffractometer.
- the amount of silver elution is 0.1% concentration of sodium nitrate aqueous solution so that the inorganic antibacterial agent is 0.1% of the total, and the silver elution concentration in the filtrate of the aqueous solution after shaking for 1 hour at 25 ° C. Measurement was performed using an ICP emission spectrophotometer.
- Example 1 In 300 ml of deionized water, 0.1 mol of oxalic acid dihydrate, 0.2 mol of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate containing 0.17% hafnium and 0.05 mol of ammonium chloride were dissolved, and phosphoric acid 0 was added with stirring. .3 moles were added. The solution was adjusted to pH 2.6 using 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and stirred at 98 ° C. for 14 hours. Thereafter, the resulting precipitate was washed thoroughly and dried at 120 ° C. to synthesize a zirconium phosphate compound.
- the composition formula was Na 0.6 (NH 4 ) 0.4 Zr 1.98 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.09H 2 O Met.
- 450 ml of deionized water aqueous solution in which 0.05 mol of silver nitrate was dissolved was added to 0.09 mol of the obtained zirconium phosphate, and silver was supported by stirring at 60 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the slurry after the silver supporting treatment was filtered and washed with water, and the electrical conductivity of the filtrate was washed to 220 ⁇ S, and the solid content dried at 120 ° C. was adjusted to a bulk specific gravity of 1.21.
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention was obtained.
- the median diameter ( ⁇ m), maximum particle size ( ⁇ m), minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC, ⁇ g / ml), and silver elution concentration (ppm) of this silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent were measured. It was shown to.
- Example 2 Using the zirconium phosphate having the following compositional formula obtained in Example 1, the steps after the silver supporting treatment were changed as follows. Na 0.6 (NH 4 ) 0.4 Zr 1.98 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.09H 2 O 450 ml of deionized water solution in which 0.05 mol of silver nitrate was dissolved in 0.09 mol of zirconium phosphate was added and stirred at 60 ° C. for 2 hours to carry silver. The slurry after supporting the silver was filtered and washed with water, the electrical conductivity of the filtrate was washed to 380 ⁇ S, and the solid content dried at 120 ° C. was adjusted to a bulk specific gravity of 1.00. The composition formula obtained by measuring the amount of each component of the dry solid composed of zirconium phosphate supporting silver was as follows. Ag 0.55 Na 0.05 H 0.55 Zr 1.98 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.14H 2 O
- this dried product was pyrolyzed by treating it at 900 ° C. for 9 hours using a gas furnace.
- the relative intensity of the peak of was 18.
- Example 3 Using the zirconium phosphate having the following compositional formula obtained in Example 1, the steps after the silver supporting treatment were changed as follows. Na 0.6 (NH 4 ) 0.4 Zr 1.98 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.09H 2 O 450 ml of deionized water solution in which 0.05 mol of silver nitrate was dissolved in 0.09 mol of zirconium phosphate was added and stirred at 60 ° C. for 2 hours to carry silver. The slurry after supporting the silver was filtered and washed with water, and the electrical conductivity of the filtrate was washed to 240 ⁇ S, and the solid content dried at 120 ° C. was adjusted to a bulk specific gravity of 1.25.
- Example 4 After dissolving 0.1 mol of oxalic acid dihydrate and 0.2 mol of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate containing 0.17% hafnium in 300 ml of deionized water, 0.3 mol of phosphoric acid was added with stirring. The solution was adjusted to pH 2.6 using 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and stirred at 98 ° C. for 8 hours. Thereafter, the resulting precipitate was washed thoroughly and dried at 120 ° C. to synthesize a zirconium phosphate compound. When the amount of each component of this zirconium phosphate was measured, the composition formula was Na 1.0 Zr 1.98 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.09H 2 O Met.
- Example 5 Dissolve 0.1 mol of oxalic acid dihydrate, 0.2 mol of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate containing 0.15% hafnium and 0.02 mol of potassium chloride in 300 ml of deionized water, and then add 0 phosphoric acid with stirring. .3 moles were added. The solution was adjusted to pH 2.6 using 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and stirred at 98 ° C. for 6 hours. Thereafter, the resulting precipitate was washed thoroughly and dried at 120 ° C. to synthesize a zirconium phosphate compound. When the amount of each component of this zirconium phosphate was measured, the composition formula was Na 0.80 K 0.20 Zr 1.98 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.11H 2 O Met.
- Example 6 Dissolve 0.1 mol of oxalic acid dihydrate, 0.2 mol of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate containing 0.15% hafnium and 0.03 mol of ammonium chloride in 300 ml of deionized water, and then add 0 phosphoric acid with stirring. .3 moles were added. The solution was adjusted to pH 2.2 with 20% aqueous ammonia solution and stirred at 98 ° C. for 6 hours. Thereafter, the resulting precipitate was washed thoroughly and dried at 120 ° C. to synthesize a zirconium phosphate compound. When the amount of each component of this zirconium phosphate was measured, the composition formula was Na 0.64 (NH 4 ) 0.22 H 0.10 Zr 1.99 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.11H 2 O Met.
- Example 7 After dissolving 0.1 mol of oxalic acid dihydrate and 0.2 mol of zirconium oxychloride octahydrate containing 0.15% hafnium in 300 ml of deionized water, 0.3 mol of phosphoric acid was added with stirring. The solution was adjusted to pH 2.2 using 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and stirred at 98 ° C. for 6 hours. Thereafter, the resulting precipitate was washed thoroughly and dried at 120 ° C. to synthesize a zirconium phosphate compound. When the amount of each component of this zirconium phosphate was measured, the composition formula was Na 0.96 Zr 1.99 Hf 0.02 (PO 4 ) 3 ⁇ 0.10H 2 O Met.
- Example 8 Evaluation with a photocurable resin> 3% of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent obtained in Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 is blended in a polyfunctional photocurable resin, and coated on a PET film at a thickness of about 2 microns, and then cured. Thus, an antibacterial hard coat film was prepared. For comparison, a blank hard coat film containing no antibacterial agent was also prepared. Table 2 shows the results of confirming the smoothness of the coating film portion on the obtained hard coat film by palpation and SEM observation. In addition, an antibacterial test using Escherichia coli was performed on the coated surface after the hard coat film was immersed in deionized water at 25 ° C.
- an antibacterial activity value is a value which shows the difference of the logarithmic value of the viable count of the bacteria after a test in an antibacterial processed product and an unprocessed product, and there is no unit. Usually, when the antibacterial activity value is 2.0 or more, it is determined that the effect of antibacterial processing is recognized.
- Example 9 Evaluation with nylon thread>
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agents obtained in Examples 1 and 7 and Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 6 were blended at 1% with respect to the nylon resin, and about 3 denier nylon multifilament was spun.
- Table 3 shows the yarn breakage during spinning and the color tone of the yarn after spinning.
- the yarn breakage test was evaluated by whether or not the yarn breakage occurred before obtaining one undrawn yarn package of 6 kg.
- the color tone of the yarn after spinning is measured with a colorimetric color difference meter Sigma 80 type manufactured by JEOL Ltd., and is displayed in the Hunter Lab color system specified in JIS Z8730-1980, and compared with the blank yarn.
- the antibacterial properties of the obtained antibacterial nylon multifilaments were evaluated for the antibacterial activity of JIS L1902 fiber products for the untreated one and after 10 washings. This is shown in FIG.
- Example 10 Evaluation with urethane foam> 0.7 parts of the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent prepared in Example 1 with respect to 100 parts of a blend of polyether polyol, triethylenediamine, water, methylene chloride, foam stabilizer, catalyst, tolylene diisocyanate, and zinc oxide
- an antibacterial urethane foam A was prepared.
- antibacterial urethane foams B and C and comparative antibacterial urethane foams d to f were prepared using the comparative silver-based inorganic antibacterial agents prepared in Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- the antibacterial urethane foam and the antibacterial urethane foam obtained by immersing the antibacterial urethane foam in deionized water at 50 ° C. for 16 hours and then drying the antibacterial product.
- the antibacterial activity value was measured by an antibacterial test by the shake method of Table 5 and the results are shown in Table 5.
- the silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention was excellent in antibacterial property after a water resistance test and excellent in workability and discoloration resistance when blended in a plastic product.
- the novel silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent of the present invention is excellent in processability because it is uniform and fine particles, and also has excellent antibacterial durability such as after a water resistance test after processing into a plastic product. Therefore, it can be used as a silver-based inorganic antibacterial agent having high applicability even for products having a lot of contact with water.
- 1 and 2 represents the X-ray intensity (unit: cps) in powder X-ray diffraction measurement. 1 and 2 represents the X-ray diffraction angle 2 ⁇ (unit: °).
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Abstract
Description
また、ZrとPとの比が異なるリン酸ジルコニウムも知られている。例えば、Na1+4xZr2-x(PO4)3が、非特許文献1に開示されており、Na1+2xMgxZr2-x(PO4)3は、非特許文献1、2に開示されている。Na1+xZr2SixP3-xO12は、非特許文献2、3に開示されている。
銀系無機抗菌剤の一つとして、モンモリロナイトおよびゼオライトなどの粘土鉱物中のナトリウムイオンなどのアルカリ金属イオンと銀イオンとをイオン交換させた抗菌剤が知られている。これは粘土鉱物自体の骨格構造が耐酸性に劣るため、例えば酸性溶液中では容易に銀イオンが溶出し、抗菌効果の持続性がない。
吸着性を有する活性炭に抗菌性金属を担持させた抗菌剤がある。しかし、これらは溶解性の抗菌性金属塩を物理的に吸着または付着させているため、水分と接触させると抗菌性金属イオンが急速に溶出してしまい、抗菌効果の持続性がない。
M1 aAbM2 c(PO4)d・nH2O 〔2〕
(式〔2〕において、M1は銀、銅、亜鉛、錫、水銀、鉛、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、マンガン、砒素、アンチモン、ビスマス、バリウム、カドミウム又はクロムより選ばれる一種の金属イオンであり、Aはアルカリ金属イオン、アルカリ土類金属イオン、アンモニウムイオンまたは水素イオンから選ばれる少なくとも一種のイオンであり、M2は4価金属であり、nは0≦n≦6を満たす数であり、aおよびbは正数であり、cおよびdは、la+mb=1の時、c=2、d=3、la+mb=2の時、c=1、d=2である。但し、lはM1の価数であり、mはAの価数である。)
AgaMbZrcHfd(PO4)3・nH2O 〔1〕
(式〔1〕において、Mはアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウムイオン、水素イオン、オキソニウムイオンから選ばれる少なくとも1種のイオンであり、a、b、cおよびdは正数であり、1.75<(c+d)<2.2、a+b+4(c+d)=9を満たす数であり、nは2以下である。)
本発明の銀系無機抗菌剤は、ピロリン酸ジルコニウム(ZrP207)を含有する下記一般式〔1〕で示されるものである。
AgaMbZrcHfd(PO4)3・nH2O 〔1〕
(式〔1〕において、Mはアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウムイオン、水素イオン、オキソニウムイオンから選ばれる少なくとも1種のイオンであり、a、b、cおよびdは正数であり、1.75<(c+d)<2.2、a+b+4(c+d)=9を満たす数であり、nは2以下である。)
c+dが1.75以下または2.2以上の場合は、式〔1〕で表される均質なリン酸ジルコニウムが得られ難いことがあるため好ましくない。
式〔1〕で示される銀系無機抗菌剤として下記のものが例示できる。
Ag0.05Na0.02H0.3(H3O)0.55Zr2.0Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.15H2O
Ag0.10Na0.02H0.32(H3O)0.40Zr2.01Hf0.03(PO4)3・0.10H2O
Ag0.17Na0.02H0.65Zr2.03Hf0.01(PO4)3・0.05H2O
Ag0.17Na0.04H0.2(H3O)0.55Zr1.99Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.25H2O
Ag0.17Na0.10(H3O)0.45Zr1.92Hf0.15(PO4)3・0.15H2O
Ag0.17Na0.12K0.10H0.2(H3O)0.25Zr1.92Hf0.05(PO4)3・0.15H2O
Ag0.45Na0.12H0.55Zr1.95Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.05H2O
Ag0.55K0.1H0.2(H3O)0.47Zr1.99Hf0.01(PO4)3・0.15H2O
Ag0.17Na0.20K0.3(H3O)0.45Zr1.92Hf0.05(PO4)3・0.15H2O
Ag0.45Na0.12H0.2(H3O)0.35Zr1.95Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.05H2O
Ag0.55Na0.1H0.35Zr1.99Hf0.01(PO4)3・0.15H2O
ピロリン酸ジルコニウムは上記式〔1〕の銀系無機抗菌剤粒子と一体となって存在し分離はできない状態であり、別々の化合物を混合したものではない。ピロリン酸ジルコニウムは銀系無機抗菌剤と分離することができないが、含有量は粉末X線回折図で確認することができる。ピロリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図は、ASTM File No.29-1399であり、d値で4.12(100)、3.69(40)、4.76(30)、3.37(30)、2.92(30)、1.84(20)、1.59(20)、1.68(10)である。一方、上記式〔1〕の銀系無機抗菌剤の類似化合物であるAgZr2(PO4)3の粉末X線回折図は、ASTM File No.34-1245であり、d値で2.87(100)、4.38(50)、3.80(50)、2.67(50)、2.54(30)、1.90(30)、4.55(20)、2.28(20)である。
上記式〔1〕の銀系無機抗菌剤の結晶構造を示す2θ=20.0°~20.2°のX線50kv/120mAの条件で測定した場合の粉末X線回折強度の絶対値は、大きいほうが結晶性が高いことを示し、銀系無機抗菌剤の耐変色性や耐久性などが高くなるためには絶対値が4000cps以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5000cps以上である。
Nab1Ac1ZreHff(PO4)3・nH2O 〔3〕
(式〔3〕において、Aはアンモニウムイオンおよび/または水素イオンであり、b1、c1、eおよびfは正数であり、1.75<(e+f)<2.25、b1+c1+4(e+f)=9を満たす数である。)
また、式〔3〕におけるAが水素イオンで表されるリン酸ジルコニウムの具体的合成方法には、ジルコニウム化合物、シュウ酸またはその塩、およびリン酸またはその塩など、所定量含有する水溶液を苛性ソーダでpH4以下に調整後、70℃以上の温度で加熱することで得られたリン酸ジルコニウムをさらに塩酸、硝酸または硫酸などの水溶液中で攪拌することで水素イオンを担持することで合成ができる。なお、水素イオンの担持は、硝酸銀による銀イオンの担持と同時に実施するか、銀イオンの担持後に実施することも可能である。合成後のリン酸ジルコニウムは、さらに濾別し、所定の電気伝導度にまで水洗後に乾燥、軽く粉砕することで白色の微粒子リン酸ジルコニウムが得られる。また、100℃超の加圧下で合成する水熱法であれば、シュウ酸またはその塩を用いずに式〔3〕で表されるリン酸ジルコニウムが合成可能である。
即ち、式〔3〕で表されるリン酸ジルコニウムは、ジルコニウム化合物1モル当たりリン酸またはその塩のモルが1.5超~2未満の範囲にある湿式法または水熱法で好ましく合成することができる。
即ち、式〔3〕で表されるリン酸ジルコニウムの合成方法は、シュウ酸またはその塩を含有する湿式法または水熱法で好ましく合成することができる。ただし、水熱法の場合はシュウ酸またはその塩を含有する必要がない。
式〔3〕で表されるリン酸ジルコニウムの合成時間は、合成温度により異なる。例えば、本発明のリン酸ジルコニウムの合成時間として4時間以上が好ましく、8時間~72時間がより好ましく、10時間~48時間が更に好ましい。
Na0.07(NH4)0.85Zr2.0Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.65H2O
Na0.12(NH4)0.65Zr2.01Hf0.03(PO4)3・0.85H2O
Na0.19(NH4)0.65Zr2.03Hf0.01(PO4)3・0.75H2O
Na0.21(NH4)0.75Zr1.99Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.6H2O
Na0.27(NH4)0.75Zr1.92Hf0.15(PO4)3・0.75H2O
Na0.29(NH4)0.55Zr1.92Hf0.05(PO4)3・0.5H2O
Na0.57(NH4)0.55Zr1.95Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.35H2O
Na0.70(NH4)0.85Zr1.99Hf0.01(PO4)3・0.4H2O
Na0.07H0.85Zr2.0Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.65H2O
Na0.12H0.65Zr2.01Hf0.03(PO4)3・0.85H2O
Na0.19H0.65Zr2.03Hf0.01(PO4)3・0.75H2O
Na0.21H0.75Zr1.99Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.6H2O
Na0.27H0.75Zr1.92Hf0.15(PO4)3・0.75H2O
Na0.29H0.55Zr1.92Hf0.05(PO4)3・0.5H2O
Na0.57H0.55Zr1.95Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.35H2O
Na0.70H0.85Zr1.99Hf0.01(PO4)3・0.4H2O
量としては、多くした方が、得られた銀系無機抗菌剤を樹脂に配合して用いる時に変色し難くなるために好ましく、一方、あまり多すぎても過剰の銀イオンが水溶液に残留してしまうので経済的に好ましくない。好ましいのは、式〔3〕で示されるリン酸ジルコニウム化合物の1モル当たりとして、式〔3〕の係数b1に0.6~0.99をかけた量の硝酸銀を含有する水溶液を用いることであり、さらに好ましくはリン酸ジルコニウム1モル当たりとして、式〔3〕の係数b1に0.7~0.98をかけた量の硝酸銀を含有する水溶液を用いることである。リン酸ジルコニウムを水溶液に浸漬する量は、水溶液に対し均一に混合できる濃度であればよく、具体的には式〔3〕で表されるリン酸ジルコニウムが水溶液との合計量の内の20重量%以下となることが好ましい。
水洗は適正な洗浄度になるまで実施することが好ましく、適正な洗浄度とは、粒子を脱イオン水に懸濁させた際の電気伝導度が15μS以上570μS以下であることであり、より好ましくは20μS以上470μS以下である。なお電気伝導度の単位Sは電気抵抗の単位オームの逆数として定義され、ジーメンスと呼ばれるSI単位である。
熱分解によって、本発明の銀系無機抗菌剤からの銀の溶出量が制御される。すなわち、熱分解前の抗菌剤は銀の溶出量が高すぎて、経時的に急速に溶出量が減少して行くが、熱分解後の抗菌剤では初期の銀溶出量が抑制され、経時的な濃度低下が少なくなる。熱分解前の銀の溶出量に対して熱分解後の銀の溶出量が10%以上70%以下となることが好ましい。
熱分解後は、本発明の銀系無機抗菌剤の粒子同士が凝固していることがあるので、粉砕機を用いて凝固したものを解砕したほうが良い。
○抗菌加工製品の用途
本発明の銀系無機抗菌剤は、防カビ、防藻および抗菌性を必要とされる種々の分野、即ち電化製品、台所製品、繊維製品、住宅建材製品、トイレタリー製品、紙製品、玩具、皮革製品、文具およびその他の製品などとして利用することができる。
さらに具体的用途を例示すると、電化製品としては食器洗浄機、食器乾燥機、冷蔵庫、洗濯機、ポット、テレビ、パソコン、ラジカセ、カメラ、ビデオカメラ、浄水器、炊飯器、野菜カッタ-、レジスタ-、布団乾燥器、FAX、換気扇、エア-コンデショナ-などがあり、台所製品としては、食器、まな板、押し切り、トレ-、箸、給茶器、魔法瓶、包丁、おたまの柄、フライ返し、弁当箱、しゃもじ、ボ-ル、水切り篭、三角コ-ナ-、タワシいれ、ゴミ篭、水切り袋などがある。
その他の製品としてはインソ-ル、化粧容器、タワシ、化粧用パフ、補聴器、楽器、タバコフィルタ-、掃除用粘着紙シ-ト、吊革握り、スポンジ、キッチンタオル、カ-ド、マイク、理容用品、自販機、カミソリ、電話機、体温計、聴診器、スリッパ、衣装ケ-ス、歯ブラシ、砂場の砂、食品包装フィルム、抗菌スプレ-、塗料などがある。
ことわりのない%は質量%であり、ppmは質量ppmである。メジアン径および最大粒径は、レーザー回折式粒度分布を用いて体積基準により測定した。
ジルコニウムの量は、強酸を用いて検体を溶解後、この液をICP発光分光光度計にて測定し算出した。リンの量は、強酸を用いて検体を溶解後、この液をICP発光分光光度計にて測定し算出した。ナトリウムの量は、強酸を用いて検体を溶解後、この液を原子吸光光度計にて測定し算出した。アンモニアの量は、強酸を用いて検体を溶解後、この液をインドフェノール法にて測定し算出した。オキソニウムイオンの量は、熱分析により160~190℃の重量減少量を測定し算出した。粉末X線回折強度は粉末X線回折装置により測定条件50kv/120mAでCuKα線によって測定した場合の特定反射角でのX線回折強度の測定値(単位cps)である。大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)は、加熱溶解した普通寒天培地に1000、500、250、125、62.5μg/mlで混釈した後、固化した平板上に大腸菌を接種し増殖を示さなかった最小濃度を測定した。銀溶出量は0.1%濃度の硝酸ナトリウム水溶液に無機抗菌剤を全体の0.1%となるように添加し、25℃で1時間振とう後の水溶液のろ液中の銀溶出濃度をICP発光分光光度計を用いて測定した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.17%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルおよび塩化アンモニウム0.05モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpHを2.6に調整後、98℃で14時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na0.6(NH4)0.4Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.09H2O
であった。
得られたリン酸ジルコニウム0.09モルに硝酸銀0.05モルを溶解した脱イオン水の水溶液450mlを加え、60℃で2時間攪拌することで銀を担持させた。銀を担持処理後のスラリーを濾過・水洗し、濾液の電気伝導度が220μSまで洗浄し、固形分を120℃で乾燥したものをかさ比重1.21に調整した。
Ag0.55Na0.05H0.55Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.13H2O
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて900℃で12時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は22であった。この粉末を解砕することで本発明の銀系無機抗菌剤を得た。
この銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、銀溶出濃度(ppm)を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
実施例1で得られた以下の組成式からなるリン酸ジルコニウムを用いて銀の担持処理工程以降を次のように変更した。
Na0.6(NH4)0.4Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.09H2O
リン酸ジルコニウム0.09モルに硝酸銀0.05モルを溶解した脱イオン水の水溶液450mlを加え、60℃で2時間攪拌することで銀を担持させた。銀を担持処理後のスラリーを濾過・水洗し、濾液の電気伝導度が380μSまで洗浄し、固形分を120℃で乾燥したものをかさ比重1.00に調整した。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.55Na0.05H0.55Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.14H2O
この銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、銀溶出濃度(ppm)を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
実施例1で得られた以下の組成式からなるリン酸ジルコニウムを用いて銀の担持処理工程以降を次のように変更した。
Na0.6(NH4)0.4Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.09H2O
リン酸ジルコニウム0.09モルに硝酸銀0.05モルを溶解した脱イオン水の水溶液450mlを加え、60℃で2時間攪拌することで銀を担持させた。銀を担持処理後のスラリーを濾過・水洗し、濾液の電気伝導度が240μSまで洗浄し、固形分を120℃で乾燥したものをかさ比重1.25に調整した。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.55Na0.35H0.25Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.11H2O
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて800℃で24時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの回折を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は8であった。この粉末を解砕することで本発明の銀系無機抗菌剤を得た。
この銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.17%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpHを2.6に調整後、98℃で8時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na1.0Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.09H2O
であった。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.55Na0.25H0.35Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.11H2O
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて900℃で12時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は22であった。この粉末を解砕することで本発明の銀系無機抗菌剤を得た。
この銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.15%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルおよび塩化カリウム0.02モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpHを2.6に調整後、98℃で6時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na0.80K0.20Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.11H2O
であった。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.55Na0.15K0.19H0.11Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて850℃で24時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は22であった。この粉末を解砕することで本発明の銀系無機抗菌剤を得た。
この銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.15%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルおよび塩化アンモニウム0.03モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%アンモニア水溶液を用いてpHを2.2に調整後、98℃で6時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na0.64(NH4)0.22H0.10Zr1.99Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.11H2O
であった。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.55Na0.15(NH4)0.20H0.06Zr1.99Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.20H2O
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて850℃で24時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は22であった。この粉末を解砕することで本発明の銀系無機抗菌剤を得た。
この銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.15%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpHを2.2に調整後、98℃で6時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na0.96Zr1.99Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.10H2O
であった。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.21Na0.38H0.37Zr1.99Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.11H2O
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて850℃で12時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は15であった。この粉末を解砕することで本発明の銀系無機抗菌剤を得た。
この銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.17%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルおよび塩化アンモニウム0.1モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpHを2.6に調整後、98℃で14時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na0.6(NH4)0.4Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.09H2O
であった。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.55Na0.05(NH4)0.4Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.10H2O
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークはなく相対強度は0であった。この粉末を解砕することで得られた比較例1の銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.17%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルおよび塩化アンモニウム0.1モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpHを2.6に調整後、98℃で14時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na0.6(NH4)0.4Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.09H2O
であった。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.55Na0.05(NH4)0.40Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.09H2O
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて1100℃で12時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は55であった。この粉末を解砕することで得られた比較例2の銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.17%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルおよび塩化アンモニウム0.1モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpHを2.6に調整後、98℃で14時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na0.6(NH4)0.4Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.09H2O
であった。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.55Na0.05(NH4)0.40Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.19H2O
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて1150℃で4時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は55であった。この粉末を解砕することで得られた比較例2の銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.17%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpHを2.6に調整後、98℃で8時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na1.0Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.09H2O
であった。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.55Na0.05H0.40Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.17H2O
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて800℃で2時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は3であった。この粉末を解砕することで得られた比較例4の銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.17%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpHを2.6に調整後、98℃で8時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na1.0Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.09H2O
であった。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.55Na0.05H0.55Zr1.98Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.21H2O
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて900℃で2時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は52であった。この粉末を解砕することで得られた比較例5の銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(μm)、最大粒径(μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表1に示した。
脱イオン水300mlにシュウ酸2水和物0.1モル、ハフニウム0.15%含有オキシ塩化ジルコニウム8水和物0.2モルを溶解後、攪拌しながらリン酸0.3モルを加えた。この溶液に20%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いてpHを2.2に調整後、98℃で6時間攪拌した。その後、得られた沈殿物をよく洗浄し、120℃で乾燥することによりリン酸ジルコニウム化合物を合成した。
このリン酸ジルコニウムの各成分量を測定したところ、組成式は、
Na0.96Zr1.99Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.10H2O
であった。
この銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムからなる乾燥固形分の各成分量を測定することにより得られた組成式は以下のとおりであった。
Ag0.21Na0.38H0.37Zr1.99Hf0.02(PO4)3・0.10H2O
さらに、この乾燥品をガス炉を用いて750℃で48時間処理することで熱分解した。熱分解処理後の銀を担持したリン酸ジルコニウムの粉末X線回折図を測定した結果、リン酸ジルコニウム化合物を示す2θ=20.1のX線強度に対する、ピロリン酸ジルコニウムを示す2θ=21.4のピークの相対強度は4であった。この粉末を解砕することで得られた比較例6の銀系無機抗菌剤のメジアン径(単位μm)、最大粒径(単位μm)および大腸菌に対する最小発育阻止濃度(MIC、単位μg/ml)、を測定し、これらの結果を表2に示した。なお、表1は各々の具体例の製造条件等をまとめたものである。
実施例1~7および比較例1~6で得られた銀系無機抗菌剤を多官能光硬化性樹脂に3%配合し、PETフィルム上に約2ミクロンの厚さで塗工後、硬化することで抗菌性ハードコートフィルムを作成した。また比較のため、抗菌剤を配合しないブランクハードコートフィルムも同様に作成した。得られたハードコートフィルム上の塗膜部分の平滑性を触診とSEM観察にて確認した結果を表2に示した。また、ハードコートフィルムをそのまま、または25℃の脱イオン水に16時間浸漬後の塗膜面をJIS Z2801 5.2プラスチック製品などの試験方法による大腸菌を用いた抗菌性試験を実施した。得られた抗菌活性値の結果も表3に示した。なお、抗菌活性値は、抗菌加工製品と無加工製品における試験後の細菌の生菌数の対数値の差を示す値であり、単位はない。通常は、抗菌活性値が2.0以上の場合に、抗菌加工の効果が認められる判定とされる。
実施例1、7および比較例1、2、6で得られた銀系無機抗菌剤をナイロン樹脂に対して1%配合し、約3デニールのナイロンマルチフィラメントを紡糸した。紡糸時の糸切れ状況、紡糸後の糸の色調を表3に示した。なお、糸切れ試験は6kg巻きの未延伸糸パッケージ1個を得るまでに、糸切れが発生したかどうかで評価した。色調は紡糸後の糸の色彩値を、日本電子工業(株)製測色色差計シグマ80型によって測定し、JIS Z8730-1980に規定するハンターLab表色系により表示し、ブランク糸との比較によって色差ΔE(デルタE)を算出した。得られた抗菌ナイロンマルチフィラメントの抗菌性を未処理のものと洗濯10回後のものに関し、JIS L1902繊維製品の抗菌性試験方法により抗菌性を評価し、得られた抗菌活性値の結果を表4に示した。
ポリエーテルポリオール、トリエチレンジアミン、水、メチレンクロライド、整泡剤、触媒、トルレンジイソシアネート、酸化亜鉛の配合物100部に対し、実施例1で作製した銀系無機抗菌剤を0.7部になるように配合し、抗菌性ウレタン発泡体Aを作製した。
同様に、実施例2、3および比較例1~3で作製した比較銀系無機抗菌剤を用いて、抗菌性ウレタン発泡体B、Cおよび比較抗菌性ウレタン発泡体d~fを作製した。得られた抗菌性ウレタン発泡体および同抗菌性ウレタン発泡体を50℃の脱イオン水に16時間浸漬処理後乾燥した耐水処理後のものについて、黄色ブドウ球菌および大腸菌を用いた抗菌製品技術協議会のシェーク法による抗菌性試験により抗菌活性値を測定し、その結果を表5に示した。
図1および図2の横軸はX線の回折角度2θ(単位:°)を表す。
Claims (5)
- ピロリン酸ジルコニウム(ZrP2O7)を含有する下記式〔1〕で示される銀系無機抗菌剤。
AgaMbZrcHfd(PO4)3・nH2O 〔1〕
(式〔1〕において、Mはアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウムイオン、水素イオン、オキソニウムイオンから選ばれる少なくとも1種のイオンであり、a、b、cおよびdは正数であり、1.75<(c+d)<2.2、a+b+4(c+d)=9を満たす数であり、nは2以下である。)
- 粉末X線回折図において、2θが20.0°~20.2°のX線回折ピークの強度を100とした場合に、2θ=21.3°~21.5°のX線回折ピークの相対強度が5~50である請求項1に記載の銀系無機抗菌剤。
- 湿式合成または水熱合成により得られた、水に懸濁させた際の電気伝導度が15μS以上570μS以下の、式〔1〕で示される銀系無機抗菌剤を、800℃以上1100℃以下で熱分解することを特徴とする請求項1または2の銀系無機抗菌剤の製造方法。
- 熱分解前のかさ比重を0.80~2.00(g/ml)とする、請求項3の銀系無機抗菌剤の製造方法。
- 請求項1または2に記載の銀系無機抗菌剤を含有する耐水性抗菌加工製品。
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