WO2010133009A1 - 一种含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2010133009A1
WO2010133009A1 PCT/CN2009/000570 CN2009000570W WO2010133009A1 WO 2010133009 A1 WO2010133009 A1 WO 2010133009A1 CN 2009000570 W CN2009000570 W CN 2009000570W WO 2010133009 A1 WO2010133009 A1 WO 2010133009A1
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ganoderma lucidum
atractylodes
oil
preparation
lucidum spore
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PCT/CN2009/000570
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English (en)
French (fr)
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冯鹏
冯敏
钱一帆
沈建
黄景苏
姚功友
王云鹏
王连安
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南京中科集团股份有限公司
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Priority to SG2011085867A priority Critical patent/SG176187A1/en
Publication of WO2010133009A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010133009A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10Dispersions; Emulsions
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/06Fungi, e.g. yeasts
    • A61K36/07Basidiomycota, e.g. Cryptococcus
    • A61K36/074Ganoderma
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/28Asteraceae or Compositae (Aster or Sunflower family), e.g. chamomile, feverfew, yarrow or echinacea
    • A61K36/284Atractylodes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/40Cyclodextrins; Derivatives thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/44Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of pharmacy, and in particular to an anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine preparation containing ganoderma lucidum spore oil and a preparation method thereof.
  • Malignant tumors pose a serious threat to human health. In recent years, the incidence of malignant tumors has increased year by year. In China and even the world, the incidence and mortality of tumors have been the first in single tumor diseases. Because modern science does not have enough understanding of the occurrence and development mechanism of malignant tumors, there is currently no way to cure malignant tumors.
  • the main methods of Western medicine for treating malignant tumors are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
  • Surgical treatment for localized tumors can result in radical treatment.
  • Surgical radical resection combined with regional lymph node dissection can completely remove the tumor and remove surrounding possible lesions.
  • Postoperative specimens can be used for pathological examination to determine the tumor type, whether there is metastasis, and whether the resection is thorough, which has certain reference significance for the next treatment.
  • patients with malignant tumors have micrometastases during or after surgery, and a certain amount of tumor cells are present in the body after surgery. For example, when lung adenocarcinoma grows to a diameter of lcm, there is about 30% distant metastasis, and up to 2cm, there is about 60% metastasis.
  • Both post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy can kill a certain number of remaining cancer cells and reduce tumor recurrence.
  • Radiotherapy is the application of radiation to kill cancer cells, suitable for localized radiosensitivity tumors, generally used to treat primary tumors, subclinical lesions and lymph node metastasis.
  • radiotherapy also has a damaging effect on normal tissues in the radiation area, resulting in systemic and local reactions. It is not suitable for patients with distant metastases.
  • some tumors are not sensitive to radiation. Therefore, radiotherapy has certain limitations, and other treatments are needed. method.
  • chemotherapy In the past ten years, chemotherapy has developed rapidly, especially for the treatment of leukemia and malignant lymphoma. New anti-tumor chemotherapy drugs, large progress in combination chemotherapy, comprehensive therapy The use of both, the efficacy of tumor chemotherapy has improved. But chemotherapy has many drawbacks. In theory, chemotherapy kills cancer cells.
  • Yiqi Yangyinshengjin and other methods are used to achieve obvious relief of clinical symptoms after radiotherapy in patients with cancer, protect hematopoietic system function, improve immune function, reduce tissue damage, reduce toxicity and increase tumoritivity, and inhibit tumors, so that radiotherapy can be carried out smoothly.
  • most Chinese medicine practitioners believe that the pathogenesis of adverse reactions after chemotherapy is mainly qi and blood damage, heat poisoning, spleen and stomach disorders.
  • the treatment principle of chemotherapy response is Fuzheng Peiben, application of Qi and nourishing blood, nourishing liver and kidney.
  • the treatment after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is mainly to restore the body function, inhibit and eliminate residual cancer cells, to consolidate the curative effect and prevent recurrence and metastasis.
  • the treatment is mainly aimed at the common symptoms, such as low fever, night sweats, fatigue, loss of appetite and other symptoms.
  • Fuzheng Guben is the mainstay, and both the attack and the supplement can be applied to improve the quality of life and prolong life.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine preparation containing ganoderma lucidum spore oil, which has the functions of regulating immune function, inhibiting tumor and anti-cancer, reducing side effects of western medicine, relieving symptoms and the like, and is suitable for surgery, before and after chemotherapy and radiotherapy And should not be treated with surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with malignant tumors of Qi and Yin deficiency.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation.
  • the invention provides an anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine preparation containing ganoderma lucidum spore oil, wherein the raw material medicine of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation is Ganoderma lucidum spore and Atractylodes macrocephala.
  • the weight ratio of the raw material medicine Ganoderma lucidum spore to white and surgery is preferably 1:1.
  • the above raw materials are combined with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients to form various oral dosage forms as described in the medicine.
  • the invention also provides a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation, and the specific steps thereof are as follows:
  • step C the ganoderma lucidum spores obtained by the step b obtained in step b are granulated and dried to obtain dried ganoderma spore granules;
  • step d mixing the dried ganoderma lucidum spore particles described in step c with the atractylodes obtained in step a, and after obtaining the crude oil extraction, impurities and water removal steps, the obtained ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil is the traditional Chinese medicine preparation.
  • the cell wall-breaking micro-powder can be used to break the wall and smash the ganoderma spore.
  • the cell wall breaking machine is used under the condition that the dosage of Ganoderma lucidum spores is 1 ⁇ 3 kg, and the breaking time of each broken wall is 1 ⁇ 2 h.
  • the optimal conditions are: loading 2kg, each breaking time is 1.5h.
  • the preferred conditions for the granulation in the step c are as follows: After the broken wall is crushed, the ganoderma spores are added thereto at 20 to 30 ° /. The weight of distilled water is uniformly mixed and made into a soft material. The soft material is placed in a granulator and granulated with a 10-mesh stainless steel to obtain ganoderma lucidum spore particles.
  • the preferred conditions for drying in step c are as follows: The spore particles are placed in a hot air circulating oven and dried at 60'C or less. The amount of distilled water added is preferably 25% of the weight of the ganoderma spores after breaking the wall powder.
  • the method of extracting the crude mixed oil in the step d is preferably a C0 2 supercritical extraction method.
  • the extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature is 40 ⁇ 60 ⁇ , pressure is 18 ⁇ 26 MPa, C0 2 flow is 0. 4 ⁇ 0. 6 m 3 /h, extraction time is 3 ⁇ 5 h.
  • the extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature 60 ° C, pressure 26 MPa, C0 2 flow rate 0. 6 m 3 / h, extraction time 5 h.
  • the ganoderma lucidum mixed oil is prepared into a soft capsule in a conventional manner.
  • the Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil was wrapped with ⁇ -cyclodextrin to obtain an inclusion compound of Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil.
  • the preferred method of inclusion is as follows: 4 to 8 parts by weight of e-cyclodextrin is mixed with 2 to 4 parts by weight of water, and then 1 part by weight of Ganoderma lucidum spores atractylodes oil is added, and after grinding for 20 ⁇ 0 min, low temperature After storage, it is filtered by suction, washed with 0.1-0.3 parts by weight of absolute ethanol, and then dried under vacuum to obtain an inclusion compound of the Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil.
  • the clathrate is formulated into a tablet or a hard capsule.
  • the invention provides an anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine preparation containing chrysanthemum oil, which has the functions of regulating immune function, inhibiting tumor and anti-cancer, reducing side effects of western medicine, relieving symptoms, etc., and is suitable for surgery, before and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and inappropriate Patients who underwent surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy for malignant tumors with qi and yin deficiency syndrome.
  • Ganoderma lucidum spores are sweet and fragrant, with healing and labor, benefiting essence and strengthening the body. It is the germ cell of Ganoderma lucidum. It is warm, sweet, bitter, spleen and stomach, and dampness.
  • Ganoderma lucidum spores contain chemicals such as proteins, amino acids, polysaccharide glycopeptides, adenosines, alcohols, triterpenoids, alkaloids, and fatty acids.
  • Ganoderma lucidum spores have anti-chromosomal mutations, induce tumor cell apoptosis, inhibit tumor cell proliferation, kill cancer cells, antagonize cyclophosphamide-induced decline in endurance, chromosomal aberrations, hemoglobin and leukocyte decline, chromosomal aberrations, hemoglobin and Adverse reactions such as leukopenia, decreased macrophage phagocytosis, and elevated SGPT, inhibiting leukopenia adverse reactions caused by ⁇ Co irradiation, activating and enhancing anti-tumor of specific killer cells (CTL) and non-specific killer cells (NK, LAK)
  • CTL specific killer cells
  • NK non-specific killer cells
  • the anti-tumor mechanism of Atractylodes is related to reducing the proliferation rate of cancer cells, reducing the invasiveness of tumor tissues, improving the anti-tumor response ability of the body and the cytotoxic effect on tumor cells.
  • TCM tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated ne, nadothelial neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from a tumor-associated neoplasm originating from neoplasm originating from neoplasm neoplasm originating from
  • the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation provided by the invention can extract Ganoderma lucidum spores and Atractylodes macrocephala oil in an effective manner.
  • the mixed oil was encapsulated by ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
  • the chemical composition of the mixed oil of Ganoderma lucidum spores and Atractylodes lancea L. was not changed, and the solubility of the inclusion compound was significantly increased, which could improve the bioavailability of the volatile oil.
  • Reduce the irritating and side effects of volatile oil, cover up its bad odor greatly improve the stability of volatile oil, reduce the volatilization or oxidative deterioration of volatile oil during production and storage, increase the stability of the preparation, and improve the quality of the product.
  • Figure 2 shows the ultraviolet characterization of each substance, the ordinate indicates the absorbance, and the abscissa indicates the absorption wavelength, of which: 1 Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil, 2 - a physical mixture of Ganoderma lucidum and A ⁇ -cyclodextrin, 3 - Substance after inclusion of the inclusion compound, 4 compound, 5- ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Example 1 Preparation method of anti-tumor Chinese medicine preparation containing Ganoderma lucidum spore oil 1.
  • Preparation method of Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil The preparation process of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation is as follows (Fig. 1) :
  • the cooling medium is water
  • the cooling medium pressure is greater than 0.65Mpa
  • the cooling medium flow is 3M 3 / min
  • cooling medium temperature ⁇ 20'C grinding chamber temperature ⁇ 50 °C
  • spindle speed 970/min 500 friction bars.
  • step c The ganoderma lucidum spores obtained by the step b obtained in step b are granulated and dried to obtain dried ganoderma spore granules.
  • 2 10 pellet forming rate is about 90%, less fine powder
  • the granulation method is preferably as follows: after the broken wall is crushed, the ganoderma lucidum spores are added to the 25% by weight of the distilled water, mixed uniformly, and made into a soft material, and the soft material is placed in a granulator, and a 10-mesh stainless steel sieve is used. Granulation, obtaining Ganoderma lucidum spore granules.
  • the drying temperature is mainly determined by the drying rate and the moisture of the control particles. From the production cost and the activity of the active ingredients of the ganoderma lucidum spores, the drying temperature is determined to be 60 ° C, dried for 4 hours, and moisture is 5%. The results are shown in Table 6.
  • step c The dried ganoderma lucidum spore granules in step c are mixed with the atractylodes obtained in step a, and after the crude oil extraction, impurities and water removal steps, the ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil is obtained.
  • test No. 6 is A2B3 D2, that is, the extraction pressure is 22 MPa, the extraction temperature is 60 ° C, the extraction time is 3 h, the C0 2 flow rate is 0.5 m 3 /h, and so on.
  • Table 9-2 Orthogonal test data analysis results
  • a 3 B 3 C 3 D 3 is an extraction pressure of 26 MPa, an extraction temperature of 60 ° C, an extraction time of 5 h, and a C0 2 flow rate of 0.6 m 3 /h is determined as the optimum extraction process conditions.
  • (3) The obtained crude Ganoderma lucidum spores Atractylodes macrocephala oil is subjected to plate and frame pressure filtration or high-speed centrifugation to remove impurities and moisture, and the translucent and golden-glyphic spore atractylodes atractylodes mixed oil is the traditional Chinese medicine preparation.
  • the Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes oil can be directly bottled for oral administration to patients.
  • Example 2 illustrates an anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine preparation containing ganoderma lucidum spore oil - a soft capsule preparation method.
  • a Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil is obtained, and a soft capsule shell is prepared by using gelatin, glycerin and water as raw materials.
  • the capsule filling machine is made into a soft capsule.
  • Example 3 Preparation method of anti-tumor traditional Chinese medicine preparation containing ganoderma lucidum spore oil 1.
  • Inclusion compound of Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil (abbreviated as clathrate): inclusion agent cyclodextrin, coated agent 1 according to Example 1
  • the method of obtaining Ganoderma lucidum Congali Atractylodes mixed oil is as follows:
  • TM-40 Colloid Mill Tianjin Xinpu Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd.; UV-2102PC UV Spectrophotometer, Unico (Shanghai) Instrument Co., Ltd.; DZF-1B Vacuum Drying Box, Shanghai Yuejin Medical Instrument Factory; CQX25- Type 06 Ultrasonic Cleaner, Shanghai Bingxin Ultrasonic Co., Ltd.; Magnetic Stirrer, Shanghai Sile Instrument Factory; HH-S Digital Display Constant Temperature Water Bath, Changzhou National Experimental Equipment Research Institute; AB104-N Electronic Analytical Balance, Mei Teller-Toledo Instruments (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. E-cyclodextrin, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., batch number: F20060731; other reagents are of analytical grade.
  • the saturated aqueous solution method, the ultrasonic method and the grinding method were compared at the same material ratio in terms of the yield of the inclusion compound, the oil content of the inclusion compound, and the oil utilization rate.
  • Saturated aqueous solution method Take 16 g of ⁇ -cyclodextrin, prepare a saturated solution at 60 ° C, and slowly add 2 mL of Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil under constant temperature, stir for a certain time, store at 4 ° C for 24 h. After suction filtration, the paint was washed three times with a small amount of water and ethanol, and dried under vacuum at 40 ° C to obtain a cyclodextrin inclusion compound.
  • the main factors of grinding method include: the ratio of Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil and e-cyclodextrin (A), water addition (B), inclusion time (c), the amount of alcohol (D) and other four factors, so the L9 (3 4 ) orthogonal design table, using the inclusion compound yield, clathrate oil utilization rate, inclusion compound oil rate as an evaluation index, and Using the comprehensive scoring method, the weight coefficients of the inclusion compound yield, the clathrate oil utilization rate, and the oil content of the clathrate are 0.2, 0.4, and 0.4, respectively.
  • the optimal process conditions are analyzed and analyzed (see Table 12 for factor level division). The experimental arrangements and results are shown in Table 13-1 and Table 13-2).
  • the conditions are as follows: The weight ratio of Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil to e-cyclodextrin is 1:4, the water added is twice the weight of Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil, the grinding time is 30 min, and the anhydrous ethanol is a mixture of Ganoderma lucidum spores. 10% of the weight of the oil. Verification test: Three batch verification tests were carried out according to the above optimal process conditions. The measurement results are shown in Table 15, indicating that the process is stable and feasible.
  • the UV spectrum of the inclusion complex test shows: the physical mixture of Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil, Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil and ⁇ _ cyclodextrin, and the inclusion of the inclusion compound with UV absorption, and inclusion
  • the substance and e-cyclodextrin have no UV absorption, indicating that the Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil is formed by ⁇ -cyclodextrin and forms a new substance.
  • the main components of the Ganoderma lucidum spore atractylodes mixed oil did not change after the inclusion.
  • Example 4 Description of anti-tumor Chinese medicine preparation containing a ganoderma lucidum spore oil A hard capsule preparation method The clathrate was obtained by the method of Example 3, and the hard capsule (0.20 g/particle) was filled by dry granulation.
  • Example 5 Anti-tumor Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Containing Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Oil A Main Pharmacodynamic Study of Ganoderma Lucidum Spore Atractylodes Oil and Its Inclusion Complex According to the requirements of the pre-clinical research guidelines of the 6 kinds of new drugs of the Chinese traditional medicine, the transplanted tumor sarcoma of mice The inhibition of S 180 was studied to verify the main efficacy of the drug.
  • the efficacy of the mixed oil is verified; the inclusion process significantly increases the ganoderma spore white
  • the solubility of the mixed oil improves the bioavailability of the volatile oil, and both the tablet and the hard capsule are based on the clathrate, so the effects of the various formulations can be verified by verifying the efficacy of the clathrate.
  • the test drug the inclusion compound of Ganoderma lucidum and Atractylodes lancea L. mixed oil was obtained by the method of Example 1, batch number: 20080101; pure ganoderma spore oil, batch number: 20080112 (produced by Nanjing Zhongke Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Pure white oil, batch number: 20080101 (produced by Nanjing Zhongke Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.); solvent is 0.5% CMC-Na ; positive drug (known anti-chemotherapeutic drug): cyclophosphamide for injection (Shanghai Hualian Pharmaceutical) Ltd.), Specifications: 200mg bottle, batch number: 080304.
  • Tumor strain source S 18 () was provided by Jiangsu Cancer Institute.
  • body weight and tumor weight are expressed in the form of 10 samples per group.
  • "*" means P ⁇ 0.05 of the corresponding data, indicating P ⁇ 0.01 of the corresponding data, were compared with the blank group.

Description

一种含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂及其制备方法 技术领域 本发明涉及制药领域,尤其涉及一种含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂及其制 备方法。 背景技术 恶性肿瘤严重威胁人类的健康。近年来, 恶性肿瘤发病率逐年升高,在我国 甚至全世界范围内, 肿瘤的发病率、死亡率均已为单瘤种疾病的首位。 由于现代 科学对恶性肿瘤的发生、发展机理认识不够, 目前尚无可达到治愈恶性肿瘤目的 之方法。
西医学治疗恶性肿瘤的主要方法是手术、 放疗和化疗。
手术治疗用于局限性肿瘤,可以得到根治性治疗效果。手术根治切除辅以区 域淋巴结清扫能将肿瘤比较完整切除,清除周围可能的病灶,术后标本可作病理 检查以明确肿瘤类型,有否转移,切除是否彻底,对下一步治疗有一定参考意义。 但一般情况下,恶性肿瘤患者在手术过程中或手术前就有微小转移灶,术后体内 也还存在一定量肿瘤细胞。 如肺腺癌长至 lcm直径时就有约 30%的远处转移, 至 2cm则有约 60%的转移。 因此, 大部分病人仅靠手术不能防止肿瘤复发和远 处转移。有些病人由于肿瘤在术前已有远处转移, 即使作了超根治术, 仍不能取 得根治性疗效。还有部分病人在被确诊时, 已失去了手术指征。此外, 手术对患 者生理功能亦有一定干扰, 尤其对免疫功能的损伤, 影响了手术效果与预后。
手术后的放疗和化疗都可以将一定数量的剩余癌细胞杀灭, 减少肿瘤复发。
( 1 )放疗是应用放射线杀灭癌细胞, 适用于局限性放射敏感性肿瘤, 一般用来 处理肿瘤的原发灶,亚临床灶和淋巴结转移。但放疗对放射区正常组织也有损伤 作用, 产生全身和局部反应, 并不适用于有远处转移的患者, 加之, 有些肿瘤对 放射线不敏感, 所以, 放疗也有一定的局限性, 需配合其他治疗方法。 (2)近十 余年来, 化疗得到了较快的发展, 尤其对白血病、恶性淋巴瘤等的治疗取得了较 好效果, 新的抗肿瘤化疗药品研发, 联合化疗的较大进展, 综合疗法的使用, 均 使肿瘤化疗的疗效有所提高。但化疗存在许多缺点。理论上, 化疗对癌细胞的杀 灭是对数级杀灭, 不可能杀灭体内所有的癌细胞, 一般体内含残留 106~108左右 癌细胞;而且多数抗肿瘤化疗药品缺乏理想的选择性,在抑制肿瘤细胞的同时也 损伤了正常细胞, 常引起肿瘤患者较严重的毒副反应, 对造血系统、 消化系统、 神经系统、 肝肾功能的损害, 迫使患者中断治疗。
近代中医肿瘤学家认为, 肿瘤的诊断、 正规治疗(主要是手术、放化疗)时 间的早晚对于肿瘤的预后有重大影响。在提倡尽早手术时,应注意到患者在接受 手术前的整体状况,许多学者认为此阶段中医药的运用,应以调整患者气血阴阳, 脏腑功能为原则, 使患者恢复接近"阴平阳秘"状态, 这是使手术、放化疗顺利 完成的关键。一般采用益气养阴生津等方法, 以达到明显减轻肿瘤患者放疗后的 临床症状, 保护造血系统功能、提高免疫功能、 减轻组织损伤、减毒增效、抑制 肿瘤的效果,使放疗得以顺利进行。近代多数中医学者认为化疗后患者不良反应 的病机主要是气血损伤, 热毒伤阴, 脾胃失调等。 目前对化疗反应的治疗原则为 扶正培本,应用益气养血,滋补肝肾等方法。常可明显减轻肿瘤患者化疗后多种 临床症状, 防止化疗过程中白细胞和血小板下降,调整免疫功能, 明显提高肿瘤 患者化疗疗程的完成率, 以其减毒增效抑瘤作用, 提高患者生存质量,延长生存 期。 手术、 放化疗以后的治疗以恢复机体功能为主, 抑制、 消除残留的癌细胞, 以巩固疗效, 防止复发转移。 治疗主要针对常见症状, 如低热、盗汗、 乏力、 食 欲减退等症状进行整体调整。对于失去最佳手术或放化疗时机的肿瘤患者,可以 根据病人的具体状况, 以扶正固本为主, 攻补兼施, 以达到提高生存质量, 延长 生命的目的。
总之, 西医采用的以手术、放疗、化疗为主的治疗方法是目前治疗恶性肿瘤 的主要措施,但对相当数量患者的疗效不能令人满意。在给肿瘤患者应用西医药 治疗时, 使用立足于扶正培本的中医药治疗, 有其抑瘤、减毒、增效、 降低不良 反应的明显优势。 以中医药理论为指导, 临床疗效为基础, 针对恶性肿瘤发生、 发展及西医治疗对机体损伤的病因病机,从整体功能调节角度,研制缓解患者症 状, 以达到治疗未病、 有病早治、 治病求本目的防治恶性肿瘤药物是既有必要、 又有可能的。 发明内容 本发明的目的是提供一种含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂,该中药制剂具有 调节免疫功能, 抑瘤抗癌, 减少西医药毒副反应, 缓解症状等作用, 适于手术、 放化疗前后及不宜接受手术或放化疗之气阴两虚证恶性肿瘤患者服用。本发明同 时提供该中药制剂的制备方法。
本发明提供一种含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂,所述中药制剂的原料药为 灵芝孢子和白术。
所述的中药制剂, 其原料药灵芝孢子与白、术的重量比优选 1 : 1。
以上的原料药配伍药物上可接受的辅料, 制成药物上所说的各种口服剂型。 本发明还提供该中药制剂的制备方法, 其具体步骤如下:
a: 分别净制灵芝孢子和白术, 按照重量比分别称取净制后的灵芝孢子和白 术;
b: 破壁粉碎步骤 a所得的灵芝孢子;
C: 将步骤 b所得破壁粉碎后的灵芝孢子制粒并干燥, 获得干燥的灵芝孢子 颗粒;
d: 将步骤 c所述干燥的灵芝孢子颗粒与步骤 a所得的白术混合, 经过粗混 合油提取、杂质及水分去除步骤后,获得的灵芝孢子白术混合油即为所述的中药 制剂。
上述制备方法中,步骤 b中可以采用细胞破壁微粉机破壁粉碎灵芝孢子。细 胞破壁微粉机使用的条件为选灵芝孢子的装量为 l~3 kg, 每次破壁粉碎时间 1~2 h, 优选条件为: 装量 2kg, 每次破壁粉碎时间 1.5 h。
步骤 c所述制粒的优选条件如下: 取破壁粉碎后灵芝孢子加入其 20~30°/。重 量的蒸馏水, 混合均匀, 制成软材, 将该软材置于制粒机中, 用 10目不锈钢筛 制粒, 获得灵芝孢子颗粒; 步骤 c所述干燥的优选条件如下: 将所述灵芝孢子颗 粒置热风循环烘箱中, 在小于等于 60'C干燥。 蒸馏水加入的量优选 25%破壁粉 碎后灵芝孢子重量。
为了高效提取灵芝孢子白术混合油, 步骤 d中提取粗混合油的方法优选 C02 超临界萃取法。 提取条件如下: 萃取温度为 40~60Ό,压力为 18~26 MPa, C02流量 为 0. 4~0. 6 m3/h,萃取时间为 3~5 h。 优选的提取条件为: 萃取温度 60°C,压力 26 MPa, C02流量为 0. 6 m3/h ,萃取时间 5 h。 将所述的灵芝抱子混合油以常规方式制成软胶囊剂。
将所述的灵芝孢子白术混合油采用 Ρ -环糊精进行包合, 获得灵芝孢子白术 混合油的包合物。
优选的包合方法如下: 取 4~8份重量的 e -环糊精与 2~4份重量的水混匀, 然 后加入 1份重量的灵芝孢子白术混合油, 研磨 20^ 0 min后, 低温存放后抽滤, 采 用 0.1~0.3份重量的无水乙醇洗涤,然后真空干燥即得所述灵芝孢子白术混合油的 包合物。
将所述包合物制成片剂或硬胶囊剂。
本发明提供一种含^芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂,该中药制剂具有调节免疫 功能, 抑瘤抗癌, 减少西医药毒副反应, 缓解症状等作用, 适于手术、放化疗前 后及不宜接受手术或放化疗之气阴两虚证恶性肿瘤患者服用。 灵芝孢子性味甘 平,具有疗虚劳,益精气,扶正固本作用, 是灵芝的生殖细胞, 白术性温, 味甘、 苦, 健脾和胃, 燥湿安胎。 全方药味少而性平和, 二药共用, 具益气养阴, 扶正 固本功效。应用于肿瘤患者, 具有增强患者体质, 补益虚弱状态, 调整机体内环 境稳定,抑制肿瘤细胞生长等作用。近年来对灵芝孢子、 白术的化学组成与药效 作用进行了较为深入的研究。灵芝孢子含有蛋白质、氨基酸类、 多糖糖肽类、腺 苷类、 醇类、 三萜类、 生物碱类、 脂肪酸类等化学物质。 药理研究表明, 灵芝 孢子具有抗染色体突变, 诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡, 抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、 杀伤癌细胞, 拮抗环磷酰胺引起的小鼠耐力下降、染色体畸变、血红蛋白与白细胞下降、染色 体畸变、血红蛋白与白细胞下降、巨噬细胞吞噬力下降和 SGPT升高等不良反应, 抑制 ^Co照射引起的白细胞减少不良反应、 激活并提高特异性杀伤细胞(CTL) 和非特异性杀伤细胞(NK、 LAK)的抗肿瘤作用、增强单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能, 抗脂质过氧化反应等作用,显示出灵芝孢子在调节免疫功能、抗肿瘤方面的良好 应用前景。白术挥发油对小鼠肉瘤3180.、艾式腹水癌及淋巴肉瘤腹水型均有抑制 作用,对小白鼠肉瘤 S180.抑制率为 31%~49%; 白术挥发油对组织培养人的食管 癌细胞株有明显抑制作用。白术的抑瘤机理同降低癌细胞的增殖率、减低瘤组织 的侵袭性,提高机体抗瘤反应能力及对瘤细胞的细胞毒作用等有关。根据中医药 理论、 实践经验及药理学研究结果, 提示本方药具有调节免疫功能, 抑瘤抗癌, 减少西医药毒副反应,缓解症状等作用, 适于手术、放化疗前后及不宜接受手术 或放化疗之气阴两虚证恶性肿瘤患者服用。
本发明提供的该中药制剂的制备方法,能够髙效的提取灵芝孢子与白术混合 油。 采用 β -环糊精对所述的混合油进行包合, 灵芝孢子与白术混合油被包合后 化学成分没有变化,而制成包合物后溶解度明显增加,可以提高挥发油的生物利 用度, 降低挥发油的刺激性和副作用,掩盖其不良气味, 大大提高了挥发油的稳 定性, 降低了挥发油在生产、储存过程中的挥散或氧化变质, 可增加制剂的稳定 性,提高了该产品的质量,并使挥发油液体药物固体粉末化,便于制成多种剂型, 例如片剂、 硬胶囊剂等, 服用携带均很方便。 附图说明 图 1 表示含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂的制备过程;
图 2表示各物质的紫外表征图, 纵坐标表示吸光度, 横坐标表示吸收波长, 其中 1一灵芝孢子白术混合油, 2—灵芝抱子白术混合油与 β -环糊精的物理混合 物, 3—包合物脱包后的物质, 4 合物, 5— β -环糊精。 具体实施方式 实施例 1 含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂一灵芝孢子白术混合油的制备方法 该中药制剂的制备过程如下 (图 1 ):
a: 分别净制灵芝抱子和白术, 按照重量比分别称取净制后的灵芝孢子和白 术;
所谓净制, 即去除灵芝孢子或白术中的杂质。 按照重量比 1 : 1分别称取净 制后的灵芝孢子和白术。
b: 破壁粉碎步骤 a所得的灵芝孢子;
采用贝利细胞破壁微粉机(BFM-100A型, 济南倍力粉技术工程有限公司) 来破壁粉碎净制后的灵芝孢子, 冷却介质为水, 冷却介质压力大于 0.65Mpa, 冷 却介质流量为 3M3/分钟, 冷却介质温度 <20'C, 粉碎室温度 <50°C, 主轴转速 为 970/分钟, 摩擦棒为 500根。
确定破壁粉碎过程中的加料量与时间:取灵芝孢子进行破壁粉碎,根据破壁 粉碎设备的特性, 在主轴转速、摩擦棒、冷却介质、 时间(lh)各项参数固定的 情况下,选择 l〜3kg不同加料量进行试验, 考察指标为得粉率和破壁率。结果: 加料量对得粉率影响不大; 破壁率与加料量成反比, 考虑到生产成本和效率, 加 料量 2kg为宜 (见表 1 )。 加料确定为 2kg后, 又对破壁粉碎时间进行选择(见 表 2), 经三批验证均能符合试验结果 (见表 3)。
表 1. 灵芝孢子破壁加料量试验数据表
破壁前重量 破壁后重量 ' '得粉率 破壁率 序号
(kg) (kg) (%) (%)
1 1 096 96 ^95
2 1.5 1.4 93 95
3 2 1.92 96 95
4 2.5 2.34 94 90
5 3 2.82 94 >60 表 2. 灵芝孢子破壁时间试验数据表
破壁粉
序 破壁前重量 破壁后重量 得粉率
碎时间
号 (kg) (kg) (%) (%)
(h)
1 1 2 1.92 96 90
2 1.5 2 1.92 96
3 2 2 1.92 96 ^95 表 3. 三批灵芝孢子破壁验证试验数据表
序 破壁前重量 破, 量 得粉率 破壁率 号 (kg) (%) (%)
(h) (kg)
1 2 1.5 1.94 97 95
2 2 1.5 1.92 96 95
3 2 1.5 1.92 96 >95 因此, 采用贝利细胞破壁微粉机进行破壁粉碎时, 灵芝孢子的装量为 2kg, 每次破壁粉碎时间为 1.5h。 破壁后的芝孢子粉经扫描电镜检测, 粒径 5 m, 破壁率 95%, 正态分布测定为 90% 5 u m。
c: 将步骤 b所得破壁粉碎后的灵芝孢子制粒并干燥, 获得干燥的灵芝孢子 颗粒。
( 1 )制粒
软材加水量的考察:为了制粒方便,需要先将破壁粉碎后的灵芝孢子制成软 材, 考虑到破壁后的灵芝抱子表面能比较大, 湿润剂选用水(蒸馏水)即可。用 目测对加水量进行了考察,实验结果显示破壁粉碎后的灵芝孢子与水的重量比为 1: 0. 25制成的软材比较适宜 (表 4) 。
表 4. 软材加水量的考察数据表
序 灵芝孢子量 蒸馏水量
软材情况 号 (kg) (ml)
1 1 300 软材太粘
2 1 . 250 软材疏松度好
3 1 200 软材细粉多
- 制粒筛目的选择:由于制粒的目的主要是为了防止在超临界萃取时灵芝孢子 被萃取剂带走, 只要成颗粒, 对筛目的大小并不重要, 因此我们在筛目选择时, 用目测重点考察颗粒的成型率, 控制细粉的比例, 10目筛(不锈钢)颗粒成型 率高, 结果见表 5。
表 5. 筛目的考察数据表
序号 不锈钢筛网目数 颗粒情况
1 8 细粉比例髙
2 10 颗粒成型率约 90%, 细粉少
3 12 筛网有挂面条现象
因此,优选制粒的方法如下:取破壁粉碎后灵芝孢子加入其 25%重量的蒸熘 水, 混合均匀, 制成软材, 将该软材置于制粒机中, 用 10目不锈钢筛制粒, 获 得灵芝孢子颗粒。
(2)干燥
干燥温度的确定:考察干燥温度主要是看干燥速率和控制颗粒的水分,从生 产成本及保证灵芝孢子的有效成分的活性角度, 确定干燥的温度 60°C, 干燥 4 小时, 水分 5%。 结果见表 6。
干燥温度的考察数据表
颗粒重量 干燥温度 干燥时间 颗粒水分 序号
(kg) ( °C ) (h) (%)
1 2 40 6.5 5.2
2 2 60 4 5
3 2 80 3.5 4.9 d: 将步骤 c所述干燥的灵芝孢子颗粒与步骤 a所得的白术混合, 经过粗混 合油提取、 杂质及水分去除步骤后, 获得灵芝孢子白术混合油。
( 1 )取干燥的灵芝孢子颗粒与步骤 a所得的白术混合。
(2) C02超临界萃取法提取粗灵芝孢子白术混合油 (粗混合油) 。 工艺条件正交试验: co2超临界流体萃取技术是一项较新的提取和分离技术, 利用萃取剂在超临界状态的下特有的性质达到提取和分离的目的,具有无化学溶 剂残留、 避免萃取物在高温下裂解和保证生理活性物质的活性等优点。 用 co2超 临界萃取工艺提取粗灵芝孢子白术混合油时,主要因素有萃取物的粒度、萃取压 力、 萃取温度、 萃取时间、 co2流量等因素, 在预试的基础之上, 以干燥的灵芝 抱子颗粒 1000g,粒度(10目)固定的情况下,我们对影响萃取效率的主要因素- 萃取压力、 萃取温度、 萃取时间、 C02流量采用 L9(3)4正交试验设计, 以粗灵芝 孢子白术混合油得率为指标, 进行提取工艺条件的试验, 结果见表 7— 8、表 9-1 和表 9-2。
提取工艺的因素水平表
Figure imgf000009_0001
2 22 50 4 0.5
3 26 60 5 0.6 表 9-1 以灵芝孢子白术混合油量为指标的正交安排表
A B C D 粗灵芝孢子 萃取压力 萃取温度 萃取时间 CO2流量 油量 序号 \ (MPa) (°C) (h) (mVh) (g)
1 1 1 1 1 32.4
2 1 2 2 2 35.5
3 1 3 3 3 84.4
4 2 1 2 3 50.9
5 2 2 3 1 75.1
6 2 3 1 2 94.6
7 3 1 3 2 103.2
8 3 2 1 3 98.5
9 3 3 2 1 115.0 注: 表中提供了 9个试验方案。 如第 6号试验是 A2B3 D2, 即萃取压力 22 MPa, 萃取温 度 60°C萃取时间 3h, C02流量 0.5m3/h, 依此类推。 表 9-2 正交试验数据分析结果
A B C D
参数 萃取压力 萃取温度 萃取时间 C02流量 (MPa) ( °C ) (h) (m7h)
152.300 186.500 225.500 222.500 i
220.600 209.100 201.400 233.300
2
316.700 294.000 262.700 233.800
K3
50.767 62.167 75.167 74.167
K,
73.533 69.700 67.133 77.767
K2
105.567 98.000 87.567 77.933
K3
54.800 35.833 20.433 3.767
R
以粗灵芝孢子白术混合油量为指标, 极差分析结果 A> B >C >D即影响因 素排列顺序为: 萃取压力>萃取温度>萃取时间> 02流量, 各因素与水平之间的 最佳组合为 A3B3C3D3。 以 D项作为误差项, 进一步进行方差分析, 结果见表 8。
表 8. 以灵芝孢子白术混合油量为指标的方差分析表 方差来源 离差平方和 自由度 均方 F值 显著性
A 57386.180 2 28693.090 1.086 >0.05
B 54980.353 2 27490.177 1.040 >0.05
C 53474.500 2 26737.250 1.012 >0.05 误差 52865.860 2 26432.930
总和 165841.033 8
査 F检验临界值结果 F。. (2, 2) =19. 00 , 各因素 P>0.05对实验结果的影响均不 显著。
C02超临界萃取工艺验证试验:为了验证上述结果,选用 A3B3C3D3条件进行 提取试验, 看看是否选定条件与原来的试验结果一致,进行验证试验, 结果见表 10。
表 10. 提取验证试验结果
A B C D
序号 萃取压力 萃取温度 萃取时间 COz流量 粗灵芝孢子油量
(MPa) ( °C ) (h) (mVh) (g)
1 26 60 5 0. 6 109. 0
2 26 60 5 0. 6 110. 4
3 26 60 5 0. 6 113. 5 因此, 验证试验中粗灵芝孢子白术混合油得率与正交结果相符, 因此以
A3B3C3D3即萃取压力 26MPa, 萃取温度 60°C , 萃取时间 5h, C02流量 0. 6m3/h确 定为最佳萃取工艺条件。 (3 )将获得的粗灵芝孢子白术混合油进行板框压滤或高速离心, 去除其中 的杂质, 水分, 得透亮且金黄色灵芝孢子白术混合油, 即为所述的中药制剂。
该灵芝孢子白术混合油可以直接灌瓶, 供病人口服。
实施例 2说明含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂——软胶囊剂的制备方法 按照实施例 1的方法获得灵芝孢子白术混合油, 以明胶、甘油和水为原料制 备软胶囊囊壳, 经软胶囊灌装机制成软胶囊剂。
实施例 3 含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂一片剂的制备方法 灵芝孢子白术混合油的包合物(简称为包合物): 包合剂一 环糊精, 被包 合剂一按照实施例 1的方法获得的灵芝抱子白术混合油。 其制备方法如下:
( 1 )实验仪器与试剂
TM-40胶体磨,天津市鑫普机械制造有限公司; UV-2102PC型紫外分光光度计, 优尼柯 (上海)仪器有限公司; DZF- 1B型真空干燥箱, 上海跃进医疗器械厂; CQX25-06型超声波清洗器,上海必能信超声有限公司; 磁力搅拌器, 上海司乐仪 器厂; HH- S数显恒温水浴锅, 常州市国立试验设备研究所; AB104- N型电子分析 天平,梅特勒 -托利多仪器 (上海)有限公司。 e -环糊精, 国药集团化学试剂有限 公司, 批号: F20060731 ;其它试剂均为分析纯。
(2 )包合方法的选择
以包合物收率、包合物含油率、油利用率为指标, 在相同的物料比例下对饱 和水溶液法、 超声法、 研磨法进行比较。
饱和水溶液法: 取 β -环糊精 16 g, 在 60'C下配成饱和溶液, 在恒温条件下, 缓缓加入灵芝孢子白术混合油 2 mL, 搅拌一定时间, 4'C下存放 24 h, 抽滤, 以 少量水及乙醇洗漆 3次, 40°C真空干燥, 即得 环糊精包合物。
超声法: 取 环糊精 16 g, 加入 3倍量水, 混合均匀, 缓缓加入灵芝孢子白 术混合油 2 mL, 超声一定时间, 其余同上。 (f=40 KHz)
研磨法: 取 0 -环糊精 16 g, 加入 3倍量水, 混合均匀, 倒入研钵中, 缓缓加 入灵芝孢子白术混合油 2 mL, 碾磨一定时间, 其余同上。
根据实验结果 (表 11 ) , 优选研磨法对灵芝孢子白术混合油进行 环糊精 包合。
表 11 3种不同包合方法的结果比较 方法 包合物收率 /% 油利用率 /% 包合物含油率 /% 饱和水溶液法 70.6 65.78 13.67
超声法 77.2 70.62 13.01 研磨法 85.6 89.25 14.64
(3)研磨法包合条件的选择
正交试验设计:通过文献资料和预实验考察可知,研磨法包合的主要因素有: 灵芝孢子白术混合油与 e-环糊精的物料比例 (A)、 加水量 (B)、 包合时间 (c)、 醇 用量 (D)等四个因素, 因此采用 L9(34)正交设计表, 以包合物收率、包合物油利用 率、包合物含油率为评价指标, 并采用综合评分法, 包合物收率、包合物油利用 率、包合物含油率三者权重系数分别为 0.2、 0.4、 0.4, 分析优选最佳工艺条件 (因 素水平划分见表 12, 正交实验安排及结果见表 13-1和表 13-2)。
因素水平表
Figure imgf000012_0001
1 1:4 2 20 10
2 1:6 3 30 20
3 1 :8 4 40 30 灵芝孢子白术混合油 e -环糊精包合正交试验表
Figure imgf000012_0002
表 13-2灵芝孢子白术混合油 β-环糊精包合正交试验结果分析
Figure imgf000012_0003
包合 K, 264.0 254.7 257.8 259.4 物得 254.0 265.6 267.1 265.0
265.1 262.7 258.1 258.7 率
R 3.7 3.6 3.1 1.9 含油 K, 47.13 47.33 46.26 45.33 率 κ2 44.75 45.26 40.12 43.43
41.28 40.57 46.78 44.40
R 1.95 2.25 2.22 0.31 油利 κ, 275.1 276.3 267.4 271.1 用率 2 273.3 269.0 274.0 269.3
3 263.0 266.1 270.0 270.9
R 4.02 3.43 2.19 0.61 综合 , 291.5 290.3 286.9 288.3 评分 κ2 287.9 288.7 288.9 287.9
κ3 284.6 285.1 288.2 287.7
R 2.31 1.74 0.68 0.19 表 14 以综合评分为指标的方差分析表 方差来源 离差平方和 自由度 均方 F值 显著性 P
A 82862.503 2 41431.25 1.00 >0.05
B 82859.216 2 41429.61 1.00 >0.05
C 82855.175 2 41427.59 1.00 >0.05 误差 82854.515 2 41427.26
总计 331431.408 8
K2, 2) =19. 00
对包合物综合评分结果统计分析(表 14) , 由极差分析可知, 各因素对该指 标的影响大小排列为 A>B >C>D, 各因素间无显著性差异。 A因素水平优劣排列 如下: 1>2>3, B因素水平优劣排列如下: 1>2>3, C因素水平排列如下: 2>3>1 , D因素水平排列如下: 1>2>3,
Figure imgf000013_0001
条件为: 灵芝孢子白术混合油与 e -环糊精的重量比为 1 : 4, 加入的水为灵芝孢 子白术混合油重量的 2倍, 研磨时间为 30 min, 无水乙醇为灵芝孢子白术混合油 重量的 10%。 验证试验:按上述最佳工艺条件进行三批验证试验,测定结果见表 15, 说明 该工艺稳定可行。
表 15 验证试验结果
序号 包合物得率。 /。 含油率% 油利用率%
1 92.8 14.2 97.6
2 93.6 14.5 96.5
3 92.3 14.7 96.9
RSD 0.71 1.74 0.57
(4)包合物的紫外表征
取灵芝抱子白术混合油 1 g,加入 20 mL石油醚(30 :〜 60 °C ),超声溶解, 过滤, 滤液作为供试品溶液 1 ; 取灵芝孢子白术混合油 0.15 g, 20 mL石油醚(30 °C〜60 °C ) , 超声溶解, 加入 0.6 ge -环糊精, 振摇, 过滤, 滤液作为供试品溶 液 2; 取包合物 l g, 加入 20 mL石油醚(30 °C〜60 °C ) , 超声, 过滤, 滤液作 为供试品溶液 3; 取包合物 l g, 加入 20 mL石油醚(30 'C〜60 °C ) , 振摇, 过 滤, 作为供试品溶液 4; 取 e -环糊精 l g, 加入 20 mL石油醚(30 'C〜60 °C ) , 振摇, 过滤, 作为供试品溶液 5。
包合物检査的紫外图谱(图 2) 表明: 灵芝孢子白术混合油、 灵芝孢子白术 混合油与 β _环糊精的物理混合物、 包合物脱包后的物质具紫外吸收, 而包合物 和 e -环糊精无紫外吸收, 说明灵芝孢子白术混合油被 β -环糊精包合后形成了新 的物质。 且包合后灵芝孢子白术混合油的主要成分未发生变化。
片剂的制备方法: 将该包合物加入 10%-15%麦芽糊精, 混匀, 干法制粒, 加入 0.5%微粉硅胶, 混勾, 压片 (0.25 g片), 包薄膜衣或糖衣, 即得片剂。
实施例 4说明含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂一硬胶囊剂的制备方法 按照实施例 3的方法获得包合物, 采用干法制粒后填充硬胶囊(0.20 g/粒)。 实施例 5含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂一灵芝孢子白术混合油及其包合 物的主要药效学作用研究 根据国家中药 6类新药临床前研究指导原则的要求,对小鼠移植瘤肉瘤 S180 的抑制作用进行研究,来验证该药的主要功效。 由于该中药制剂的主要成分为灵 芝孢子白术混合油,所以验证该混合油的功效;包合过程明显增加了灵芝孢子白 术混合油的溶解度,提高挥发油的生物利用度,而且片剂及硬胶囊剂都是以该包 合物为基础的, 所以可通过验证该包合物的药效来验证各种剂型的效果。
( 1 )试验材料
受试药物:灵芝抱子白术混合油的包合物、灵芝孢子白术混合油是采用实施 例一的方法获得, 批号: 20080101; 纯灵芝孢子油, 批号: 20080112 (南京中科 药业有限公司生产);纯白术油,批号: 20080101 (南京中科药业有限公司生产, ); 溶剂为 0.5% CMC-Na; 阳性药(已知的抗化疗药): 注射用环磷酰胺(上海华联 制药有限公司), 规格: 200mg瓶, 批号: 080304。
动物: ICR小白鼠, 18-22g, 雌雄各半, 由中国药科大学动物室提供。合格证 号: SCXK (苏) 2006-0011; C57小鼠 18-22g, 由中国科学院上海实验动物中心 提供, 合格证号: SCXK (沪) 2006-0010; 饲料: 颗粒饲料, 由中国药科大学动 物室供给; 饲养条件: 空调房间, 温度 18-24QC, 相对湿度 70 %。
瘤株来源: S18()由江苏省肿瘤药物研究所提供。
仪器: YJ-875型医用净化工作台(苏州净化设备厂); TG-729B型电光分析 天平(上海天平仪器厂): 普通离心机(北京医用离心机厂)
(2)各受试药物对小鼠移植瘤实体肉瘤 S18o的抑制作用
实验过程: 取上述规格 ICR小鼠 60只, 按移植性肿瘤研究法接种 S18。实体 型瘤(在无菌操作下取瘤块, 称重, 用玻璃组织勾浆器研磨, 磨匀后放入无菌容 器内, 加生理盐水稀释成 1:3的细胞悬液, 容器置冰块上, 用空针抽吸, 每次抽 吸前将细胞混匀,每只小鼠右前肢腋窝皮下接种 0.2 ml),接种后 24小时称鼠重, 并随机分为 6组, 空白对照组 (0.5<½CMC-Na)、 灵芝孢子白术混合油 (lg/kg) 组、 灵芝孢子白术混合油的包合物(lg kg) 组、 纯灵芝孢子油 (lg kg) 组、 纯 白术油(lg/kg)组、 环磷酰胺(20mg/kg)组, 于接种 24小时后给药, ig给药, 每天一次, 共给药 7次, 于停药后第 2天处死荷瘤小鼠称重, 并分离瘤块称重, 所得数据进行统计学处理 (t检验)。
实验结果: 与 S18C空白对照组相比, 其它受试药物皆有显著抑制 S18。的肿瘤 生长作用 (P〈 0. 01, P< 0. 05)。 灵芝孢子白术混合油 (lg/kg) 组、 灵芝孢子白 术混合油的包合物 (lg/kg) 组抑制肿瘤的效果显著高于纯灵芝孢子油 (lg/kg) 组和纯白术油(lg/kg), 其中又以灵芝抱子白术混合油的包合物的抑制效果最为 突出。灵芝孢子白术混合油组、灵芝孢子白术混合油的包合物组、纯灵芝孢子油 组、 纯白术油组对小鼠体重增长无明显影响 (P〉 0. 05), 而 Cy组有显著的抑制 小鼠体重增长作用 (P< 0. 05)。 实验重复 3次, 结果相近 (表 16)。
表 16各受试药物对小鼠移植瘤肉瘤318()实体型的影响 批 剂量 体重(g) 瘤重 抑瘤率 组别
次 (mg/kg) (g) (%) 给药前 给药后
1
CMC 19.68±1.29 26.11±2.73 1.72±0.41 0.00 灵芝孢子白术混合油 1000 19.87±1.25 27.30±2.38 0.92±0.32 46.01** 灵芝孢子白术混合油的包合物 1000 19.98±1.18 26.36±2.40 0.81±0.29 52.11** 纯灵芝孢子油 1000 19.71±1.18 26.91±1.91 1.10±0.22 35.96** 纯白术油 1000 19.70±1.19 26.35±2.01 1.17±0.20
CY 20 19.31±1.10 23.61±1.72* 0.61±0.20 64.34**
2
CMC 20.07±1.25 26.12±2.44 1.87±0.46 0.00 灵芝孢子白术混合油 1000 20.03±1.22 26.35±2.00 1.02±0.31 45.45** 灵芝孢子白术混合油的包合物 1000 20.04±1.21 26.60±2.07 0.90±0.29 51.87** 纯灵芝孢子油 1000 20.34±1.12 26.70±2.15 1.21±0.42 35.63** * 纯白术油 1000 20.35±1.17 26.39±2.37 1.29±0.38 31.02**
CY 20 20.27±1.52 24.10±1. 4* 0.73±0.24 61.22**
3
CMC 19.91±1.23 26.48±2.30 1.66±0.39 0.00 灵芝抱子白术混合油 1000 19.96±1.24 27.07±1.62 0.89±0.23 46.38** 灵芝孢子白术混合油的包合物 1000 19.93±1.30 26.38±1.86 0.79±0.77 52.40** 纯灵芝孢子油 1000 20.00±1.16 27.02±2.04 1.04±0.40 37.46** 纯白术油 1000 20.02±1.09 28.31±2.35 1.11±0.32 33.13**
CY 20 19.83±1.22 24.46±1.68* 0.65±0.17 60.79** 其中, 体重和瘤重都以 的形式表示, 各组样本数为 10。 "*"表示 相应数据的 P〈0.05, 表示相应数据的 P<0.01, 均与空白组比较。

Claims

权利要求
1.一种含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂,其特征在于所述中药制剂的原料药 为灵芝孢子和白术。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的中药制剂,其特征在于所述灵芝孢子与白术的重量 比为 1 : 1。
3.根据权利要求 1或 2所述的中药制剂,其特征在于配伍药物上可接受的辅 料, 制成药物上所说的各种口服剂型。
4.一种权利要求 1或 2所述的中药制剂的制备方法, 其具体步骤如下: a: 分别净制灵芝孢子和白术, 按照重量比分别称取净制后的灵芝孢子和白 术;
b: 破壁粉碎步骤 a所得的灵芝孢子;
c: 将步骤 b所得破壁粉碎后的灵芝孢子制粒并干燥, 获得干燥的灵芝抱子 颗粒;
d: 将步骤 c所述干燥的灵芝孢子颗粒与步骤 a所得的白术混合, 经过粗混 合油提取、杂质及水分去除步骤后,获得的灵芝孢子白术混合油即为所述的中药 制剂。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤 d中所述提取粗混合油 的方法为 C02超临界萃取法。
6.根据权利要求 5所述的制备方法, 其特征在于所述 C02超临界萃取法提取 粗混合油的条件为: 萃取温度为 40~60°C,压力为 18~26 MPa, C02流量为 0. 4-0. 6 raVh,萃取时间为 3~5 ho
7.根据权利要求 6所述的制备方法,其特征在于将所述的灵芝孢子混合油以 常规方式制成软胶囊。
8.根据权利要求 6所述的制备方法,其特征在于将所述的灵芝孢子白术混合 油采用 P -环糊精进行包合, 获得灵芝孢子白术混合油的包合物。
9.根据权利要求 8所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述的包合方法如下:取 4~8 份重量的 β -环糊精与 2~4份重量的水混勾, 然后加入 1份重量的灵芝孢子白术混 合油, 研磨 20~40 min后, 低温存放后抽滤, 采用 0.1~0.3份重量的无水乙醇洗涤, 然后真空干燥即得所述灵芝孢子白术混合油的包合物。
10.根据权利要求 6所述的制备方法, 其特征在于将所述包合物制成片剂或 硬胶囊剂。
PCT/CN2009/000570 2009-05-18 2009-05-25 一种含灵芝孢子油的抗肿瘤中药制剂及其制备方法 WO2010133009A1 (zh)

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