Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
  • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
  • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
  • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
  • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
  • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
  • C10B57/10—Drying
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
  • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
  • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
  • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for cleaning biomass, a method for producing biomass coal by carbonizing pretreated biomass to produce biomass coal, and a method for operating a vertical furnace using the produced biomass coal.
• Biomass is known as a carbon-free carbon source. Biomass includes timber waste generated by demolishing houses, wood-based waste generated by sawmills, pruning waste in forests, agricultural waste, and the like. As the processing and utilization methods, landfill, neglect, incineration, fuel, etc. are the main ones. Biofuel crops intended for fuel use are also known.
• potassium or sodium may be included depending on the type of biomass that is the raw material of biomass coal.
• the object of the present invention is to solve such problems of the prior art and to produce biomass charcoal having a low alkali metal content, even when the biomass contains alkali metals such as potassium and sodium. It is in providing the washing
• the features of the present invention for solving such problems are as follows. (1) a first step of subjecting biomass to any one of drying treatment, softening treatment or cell membrane destruction treatment; A second step of washing the biomass subjected to the treatment of the first step with water; A method for cleaning biomass. (2) The method for washing biomass according to (1), wherein the first step comprises applying a softening treatment or a cell membrane destruction treatment by subjecting the biomass to a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure. (3) The method for cleaning biomass according to (2), wherein the pressurizing treatment includes pressurizing at a pressure of 2 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 or more. (4) The method for cleaning biomass according to (2) or (3), wherein the pressurizing treatment includes pressurizing using pressurized water vapor.
• the first step comprises performing either softening treatment or cell membrane destruction treatment, The method for washing biomass according to any one of (2) to (4), wherein the method includes a drying treatment for drying the biomass that has been subjected to the treatment in the first step before the second step.
• the method for cleaning biomass according to (1) wherein the first step includes performing drying treatment by maintaining the biomass at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher.
• the first step consists of performing a drying process,
• the second step consists of washing the dried biomass while crushing it, The biomass cleaning method according to (1).
• a biomass charcoal production method comprising dry-distilling the washed biomass using the biomass washing method according to any one of (1) to (8).
• (11) A vertical furnace characterized in that biomass coal produced by using the production method according to (9) or (10) is blown from a tuyere of a vertical furnace as biomass coal for vertical furnace injection. Operation method.
• biomass having a low alkali metal content can be obtained and biomass charcoal having a low alkali metal content can be produced.
• air permeability in a vertical furnace that uses biomass charcoal is improved.
• biomass containing alkali metal can be used as biomass charcoal for vertical furnace blowing by dry distillation, and the reuse of biomass can be promoted, contributing to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.
• the biomass is subjected to a pressure treatment exceeding atmospheric pressure, and then washed with water. Since alkali metals such as potassium and sodium contained in biomass do not adhere to the biomass surface, it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the alkali metal content by simply washing with water. However, by applying a pressure treatment before washing with water and releasing the pressure after that, the biomass is softened and the cell membrane is destroyed, so that the alkali metal can be removed by washing with water.
• the pressurization treatment is effective as long as it exceeds the atmospheric pressure, but if it is pressurized at a pressure of 2 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 or more, the effect of removing alkali metal in the subsequent water washing is large and effective. It is preferable to pressurize at a pressure of 1 ⁇ 10 6 N / m 2 or less. It is not economical to pressurize at a pressure exceeding 1 ⁇ 10 6 N / m 2 due to increased equipment costs and operating costs.
• the pressure treatment time is preferably 30 minutes or longer, more preferably 1 hour or longer. From the viewpoint of the effect of the pressure treatment, the pressure treatment time is preferably within 5 hours.
• the pressure treatment is preferably performed using water vapor.
• the pressure treatment using water vapor can be performed, for example, by introducing pressurized saturated water vapor into a treatment tank sealed with biomass.
• the water washing treatment may be performed by immersing the biomass in water, but it is preferable to add an acid such as sulfuric acid to the water to make the pickling treatment. Since the cell membrane of biomass is destroyed by pickling, the alkali metal removal effect is further improved.
• Biomass is a general term for a certain amount of accumulated animal and plant resources and wastes originating from them (excluding fossil resources).
• the biomass used in the present invention includes agricultural, forestry, livestock, and fisheries. Any biomass that is pyrolyzed to produce carbide, such as a system or a waste system, can be used. It is preferable to use biomass having a high effective calorific value, and it is preferable to use woody biomass.
• Woody biomass includes papermaking by-products such as pulp black liquor and chip dust, lumber by-products such as bark and sawdust, forest land remnants such as branches, leaves, treetops, and end mills, cedar, cypress, pine, etc.
• Forest products such as thinned timber, edible fungi from special forest products such as hodwood, firewood charcoal such as shii, konara, pine, forestry biomass such as willow, poplar, eucalyptus, pine, etc.
• General waste such as pruned branches of garden trees in private houses, pruned branches of country and prefectures, pruned branches of garden trees of companies, industrial waste such as construction and building waste, and the like.
• Agricultural systems such as rice husks, wheat straw, rice straw, sugarcane casks, palm palm (oil palm), etc., which are classified as agricultural biomass, and rice husks, rapeseed, soybeans etc.
• a part of the biomass can also be suitably used as the woody biomass.
• biomass charcoal using biomass containing a high concentration of alkali metals such as potassium and sodium among the above-mentioned biomass, and having a potassium concentration of 1 mass% or more. It is preferred to use the present invention for biomass.
• biomass containing alkali metals such as potassium and sodium at high concentrations include palm palm, oil corn, and banana.
• the empty fruit bunches (EFB) of palm palm, which is a by-product of palm oil, are fruit stalks from which the fruit containing oil has been peeled off, and contain 2-3 mass% (dry base) of potassium. are known.
• the biomass is preferably washed with water after crushing to a predetermined particle size. Since the cleaning effect is improved as the particle size (maximum length) is smaller, the particle size is preferably 200 mm or less. On the other hand, if the particle size is too small, the carbonization treatment becomes difficult depending on the carbonization method, such as when carbonizing using a shaft furnace, so the particle size is preferably 5 mm or more. In the case of using a thin fiber-like biomass, washing can be performed without crushing. For example, an empty fruit bunch of palm palm (oil palm) having a length of 300 to 500 mm can be used in Embodiment 1 as it is without being crushed.
• Biomass washed by the above method is in a state in which the content of alkali metal is sufficiently reduced, and is dry-distilled by heating with the supply of air (oxygen) cut off or restricted to produce biomass charcoal. .
• the dry distillation is preferably performed at 400 to 800 ° C.
• a vertical furnace such as a shaft furnace can be used.
• the biomass charcoal produced in this manner does not contain alkali metal at a high concentration, and can be suitably used for vertical furnace blowing.
• Biomass charcoal produced using the biomass washed by the above method can be used after being pulverized to a particle size suitable for blowing and blown from the tuyere of a vertical furnace.
• the water used for washing biomass is preferably used as a fertilizer because it contains a high concentration of minerals such as potassium.
• the washing water used for the multiple washings can be suitably used as a fertilizer because it contains, for example, several mass% of potassium.
• a washing test was carried out using a fresh fruit axis (root portion of the bunch) of banana (Giant Cavendish) as biomass.
• the fruit axis was crushed to a thickness of about 3 mm and a length of about 30 mm.
• drying, pressurization, and washing treatment were performed, and various components remaining in the treated biomass were measured. Washing was performed using distilled water, drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and pressure treatment was performed in a steam kettle with a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 2 hours.
• the measurement results on the dry base are also shown in Table 1.
• a washing test was conducted using an empty palm bunch (EFB) of oil palm as biomass.
• the EFB was crushed to a thickness of about 5 mm and a length of about 50 mm.
• drying, pressurization, and washing treatment were performed, and various components remaining in the treated biomass were measured. Washing was performed using tap water, drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and pressure treatment was performed in a steam kettle with a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 2 hours.
• the measurement results on the dry base are also shown in Table 3.
• the potassium (K) concentration is significantly reduced when the water washing treatment is performed after the pressure treatment as compared with the case of no treatment.
• the K concentration further decreases.
• a washing test was conducted using an empty palm bunch (EFB) of oil palm as biomass.
• EFB empty palm bunch
• EFB was finely crushed to a thickness of about 0.5 mm and a length of about 10 mm.
• drying, pressurization, and washing treatment were performed, and various components remaining in the treated biomass were measured. Washing was performed using tap water, drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and pressure treatment was performed in a steam kettle with a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 2 hours.
• the measurement results on the dry base are also shown in Table 4.
• the potassium (K) concentration is significantly reduced when the water washing treatment is performed after the pressure treatment as compared with the case of no treatment.
• the K concentration further decreases.
• an empty palm bunch (EFB) of oil palm was used to perform a washing test, and then carbonized to produce biomass charcoal.
• the EFB was crushed to a thickness of about 0.5 mm and a length of about 10 mm.
• drying, pressurization, and washing treatment were respectively performed, carbonization was performed by carbonization at 500 ° C., and various components remaining in the treated biomass charcoal were measured. Washing was performed using tap water, drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and pressure treatment was performed in a steam kettle with a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 2 hours.
• the measurement results on the dry base are also shown in Table 5.
• the potassium (K) concentration is significantly reduced when the water washing treatment is performed after the pressure treatment as compared with the case of no treatment.
• the K concentration further decreases.
• an empty palm bunch (EFB) of oil palm was used to conduct a carbonization test, followed by a washing treatment to produce biomass charcoal.
• the EFB was crushed to a thickness of about 0.5 mm and a length of about 10 mm.
• carbonization was performed by carbonization at 500 ° C., followed by drying, pressurization, and washing, and various components remaining in the biomass charcoal after the treatment were measured. Washing was performed using tap water, drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and pressure treatment was performed in a steam kettle with a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 2 hours.
• the measurement results on the dry base are also shown in Table 6.
• Oil palm fruit bunches were placed in a steam kettle and pressurized with saturated steam at a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 1 hour. Palm fruit was separated from the rapidly processed FFB to obtain empty fruit bunches (EFB). At this stage, the potassium content of EFB was 3 mass% (dry base).
• the EFB obtained in the above process was introduced into the carbonization furnace as it was and carbonized at 500 ° C. to obtain a carbide.
• the potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 3 mass%.
• the obtained EFB was washed with water, further introduced into a carbonization furnace, and carbonized at 500 ° C. to obtain a carbide.
• the potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 0.9 mass%.
• the obtained EFB was quickly heated and dried, further washed with water, further introduced into a carbonization furnace and carbonized at 500 ° C. to obtain a carbide.
• the potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 0.5 mass%.
• the temperature of the EFB immediately before drying the EFB was maintained at 70 ° C. or higher so as not to release the residual heat of the steam treatment. Thereby, the energy required for drying EFB could be saved more than the energy required for drying EFB at room temperature.
• the biomass is dried and then washed with water. Since alkali metals such as potassium and sodium contained in biomass do not adhere to the biomass surface, it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the alkali metal content by simply washing with water. However, by performing a drying process before washing with water, the washing liquid penetrates into the biomass well, so that the alkali metal removal effect is improved, and it becomes possible to remove the alkali metal with washing.
• the drying treatment is effective if the moisture content of the biomass is reduced, but if it is dried by keeping it at a temperature of 60 ° C. or higher, the effect of removing alkali metals in the subsequent water washing is large and effective. More preferably, it is a drying treatment at 100 ° C. or higher, and at 100 ° C. or higher, the destruction of the cell membrane is promoted by rapid water evaporation, and the effect of washing with water is improved.
• the drying treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 200 ° C. or lower. If it exceeds 200 ° C, equipment costs and operating costs increase, which is not economical. In addition, there arises a problem that the biomass is thermally decomposed and deteriorated.
• the drying treatment time is preferably 30 minutes or longer, more preferably 1 hour or longer. In addition, from the viewpoint of the effect of the drying treatment, it is preferable that the drying treatment time is within 5 hours.
• drying treatment can be performed by vacuum drying, freeze drying, superheated steam drying, or the like.
• the biomass is dried and then washed with water.
• pressure treatment to the biomass before washing with water and then releasing the pressure, the biomass is softened, the cell membrane is destroyed, and the alkali metal removal effect is improved.
• the pressure treatment of the biomass is effective as long as it exceeds the atmospheric pressure, but if it is pressurized at a pressure of 2 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 or more, the effect of removing alkali metal in the subsequent water washing is large and effective.
• the pressure treatment is preferably performed using water vapor.
• the pressure treatment using water vapor can be performed, for example, by introducing pressurized saturated water vapor into a treatment tank sealed with biomass.
• the water washing treatment may be performed by immersing the biomass in water, but it is preferable to add an acid such as sulfuric acid to the water to make the pickling treatment. Since the cell membrane of biomass is destroyed by pickling, the alkali metal removal effect is further improved.
• Biomass is a general term for a certain amount of accumulated animal and plant resources and wastes originating from them (excluding fossil resources).
• the biomass used in the present invention includes agricultural, forestry, livestock, and fisheries. Any biomass that is pyrolyzed to produce carbide, such as a system or a waste system, can be used. It is preferable to use biomass having a high effective calorific value, and it is preferable to use woody biomass.
• Woody biomass includes papermaking by-products such as pulp black liquor and chip dust, lumber by-products such as bark and sawdust, forest land remnants such as branches, leaves, treetops, and end mills, cedar, cypress, pine, etc.
• Forest products such as thinned timber, edible fungi from special forest products such as hodwood, firewood charcoal such as shii, konara, pine, forestry biomass such as willow, poplar, eucalyptus, pine, etc.
• General waste such as pruned branches of garden trees in private houses, pruned branches of country and prefectures, pruned branches of garden trees of companies, industrial waste such as construction and building waste, and the like.
• Agricultural systems such as rice husks, wheat straw, rice straw, sugarcane casks, palm palm (oil palm), etc., which are classified as agricultural biomass, and rice husks, rapeseed, soybeans etc.
• a part of the biomass can also be suitably used as the woody biomass.
• Embodiment 2 it is effective when it is used when producing biomass charcoal using biomass containing a high concentration of alkali metals such as potassium and sodium among the above-mentioned biomass as a raw material, and a potassium concentration of 1 mass% or more ( It is preferred to use the present invention for dry base biomass.
• biomass containing alkali metals such as potassium and sodium at high concentrations include palm palm, oil corn, and banana.
• the empty fruit bunches (EFB) of palm palm which is a by-product of palm oil, are fruit stalks from which the fruit containing oil has been peeled off, and contain 2-3 mass% (dry base) of potassium. are known.
• the biomass is preferably washed with water after crushing to a predetermined particle size. Since the cleaning effect is improved as the particle size (maximum length) is smaller, the particle size is preferably 200 mm or less. On the other hand, if the particle size is too small, the carbonization treatment becomes difficult depending on the carbonization method, such as when carbonizing using a shaft furnace, so the particle size is preferably 5 mm or more. In the case of using a thin fiber-like biomass, washing can be performed without crushing. For example, an empty fruit bunch of palm palm having a maximum length of 300 to 500 mm can be used as it is in the present invention without being crushed.
• Biomass washed by the above method is in a state in which the content of alkali metal is sufficiently reduced, and is dry-distilled by heating with the supply of air (oxygen) cut off or restricted to produce biomass charcoal. .
• the dry distillation is preferably performed at 400 to 800 ° C.
• a vertical furnace such as a shaft furnace can be used.
• the biomass charcoal produced in this manner does not contain alkali metal at a high concentration, and can be suitably used for vertical furnace blowing.
• Biomass charcoal produced using the biomass washed by the above method can be used after being pulverized to a particle size suitable for blowing and blown from the tuyere of a vertical furnace.
• the water used for washing biomass is preferably used as a fertilizer because it contains a high concentration of minerals such as potassium.
• the washing water used for the multiple washings can be suitably used as a fertilizer because it contains, for example, several mass% of potassium.
• a washing test was carried out using a fresh fruit axis (root portion of the bunch) of banana (Giant Cavendish) as biomass.
• the fruit axis was crushed to a thickness of about 3 mm and a length of about 30 mm.
• drying, pressurization, and washing treatment were performed, and various components remaining in the treated biomass were measured. Washing was performed using distilled water, drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and pressure treatment was performed in a steam kettle with a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 2 hours.
• the measurement results on the dry base are also shown in Table 7.
• a washing test was conducted using an empty palm bunch (EFB) of oil palm as biomass.
• the EFB was crushed to a thickness of about 5 mm and a length of about 50 mm.
• drying, pressurization, and washing treatment were performed, and various components remaining in the treated biomass were measured. Washing was performed using tap water, drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and pressure treatment was performed in a steam kettle with a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 2 hours.
• the measurement results on the dry base are also shown in Table 9.
• the potassium (K) concentration decreases when the water washing treatment is performed after the drying treatment as compared with the case of no treatment.
• the K concentration further decreases.
• a washing test was conducted using an empty palm bunch (EFB) of oil palm as biomass.
• the EFB was finely crushed to a thickness of about 0.5 mm and a length of about 10 mm.
• drying, pressurization, and washing treatment were performed, and various components remaining in the treated biomass were measured. Washing was performed using tap water, drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and pressure treatment was performed in a steam kettle with a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 2 hours.
• the measurement results on the dry base are also shown in Table 10.
• the potassium (K) concentration is significantly reduced when the water washing treatment is performed after the drying treatment as compared with the case of no treatment.
• the K concentration further decreases.
• an empty palm bunch (EFB) of oil palm was used to perform a washing test, and then carbonized to produce biomass charcoal.
• the EFB was crushed to a thickness of about 0.5 mm and a length of about 10 mm.
• drying, pressurization, and washing treatment were respectively performed, carbonization was performed by carbonization at 500 ° C., and various components remaining in the treated biomass charcoal were measured. Washing was performed using tap water, drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and pressure treatment was performed in a steam kettle with a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 2 hours.
• the measurement results on the dry base are also shown in Table 11.
• the potassium (K) concentration is significantly reduced when the water washing treatment is performed after the drying treatment as compared with the case of no treatment.
• the K concentration further decreases.
• an empty palm bunch (EFB) of oil palm was used to conduct a carbonization test, followed by a washing treatment to produce biomass charcoal.
• the EFB was crushed to a thickness of about 0.5 mm and a length of about 10 mm.
• carbonization was performed by carbonization at 500 ° C., followed by drying, pressurization, and washing, and various components remaining in the biomass charcoal after the treatment were measured. Washing was performed using tap water, drying treatment was performed at 110 ° C. for 2 hours, and pressure treatment was performed in a steam kettle with a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 2 hours.
• the measurement results on the dry base are also shown in Table 12.
• Oil palm fruit bunches were placed in a steam kettle and pressurized with saturated steam at a pressure of 3.9 ⁇ 10 5 N / m 2 for 1 hour. Palm fruit was separated from the rapidly processed FFB to obtain empty fruit bunches (EFB). At this stage, the potassium content of EFB was 3 mass% (dry base).
• the EFB obtained in the above process was introduced into the carbonization furnace as it was and carbonized at 500 ° C. to obtain a carbide.
• the potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 3 mass%.
• the obtained EFB was washed with water, further introduced into a carbonization furnace, and carbonized at 500 ° C. to obtain a carbide.
• the potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 0.9 mass%.
• the obtained EFB was quickly heated and dried, further washed with water, further introduced into a carbonization furnace and carbonized at 500 ° C. to obtain a carbide.
• the EFB was dried by treating with dry air at 100 ° C. for 3 hours.
• the potassium concentration in the obtained biomass carbide was about 0.5 mass%.
• a washing test was conducted using an empty palm bunch (EFB) of oil palm as biomass.
• the EFB was crushed to a size that passed through a 50 mm screen using a uniaxial hydraulic push-type crusher (RPC40160 manufactured by Oike Steel Co., Ltd.).
• the crushed EFB was dried by natural drying until the water content was 10 mass% or less.
• about 10 kg of dried EFB was crushed using a cutter mill (ZJA3-561, manufactured by Horai Co., Ltd.) to a size that passes through screens of ⁇ 8 mm, ⁇ 10 mm, and ⁇ 12 mm.
• the throughput when using each screen was 110 kg / h, 169 kg / h and 258 kg / h in order.
• the finer the screen the lower the throughput, because it is necessary to increase the crushing time in order to pass through the finer screen.
• tap water was supplied at a water volume of 930 L / h, and EFB was stirred and washed while crushing.
• the EFB after crushing and washing was dehydrated and the components remaining in the treated EFB were measured.
• Table 13 shows the measurement results on the dry base.
• the fine ones were in the form of fibers of about 5 mm regardless of which screen was used.
• a screen having a diameter of 8 mm was used, a fibrous EFB of 5 to 8 mm was obtained.

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