JP6255325B2 - ペレット又はブリケットの製造方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 title claims description 67
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 133
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 28
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- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012978 lignocellulosic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 30
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
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- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/442—Wood or forestry waste
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- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
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- C10L5/361—Briquettes
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- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
- C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
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- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
- C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
- C10L5/445—Agricultural waste, e.g. corn crops, grass clippings, nut shells or oil pressing residues
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
微粉砕及び圧縮を含むペレットを製造する最も一般的な方法の主な機能は、以下の通りです。
約18〜20重量%よりも多くの相対含水率を備える原料はペレット化の前に乾燥される。これらの材料は原料の大部分を構成し、今日それらは鋸屑である。乾燥は普通ドラム乾燥機内で行われ、原料がドラム乾燥機内に導入され、チップ/バーク等を燃料とする燃焼工場からの煙道ガスがドラム乾燥機内に噴射され、直接乾燥が煙道ガスに基づき行われる。しかしながら、低温乾燥機を含む幾つかの種類の乾燥機が使用されている。
次のステップは、約2mm未満の典型的な粒子サイズへの、原料の機械的な微粉砕である。普通これは衝撃式製粉器(ハンマーミル)内で行われる。
次に、材料はペレットプロセスに移され、そこでは、典型的には、ペレット化が行われ、材料はリングダイ内の円筒形孔を通じて押し込まれ、出て来る圧縮済み材料は切断されてペレットになる。
次に、高温及び軟粘稠度を有する新しい製造済みペレットは冷却機に移される。ペレットの制御された冷却が得られると同時に、微粉の量が減少されるように、冷却機は空気が内部を通る容器である。次に、最終ペレットが冷却機から出る。
NO320971/EP1776440から、原料が先ず30〜45重量%の相対含水率まで乾燥され、次に、反応炉に移され、材料を軟化するのに十分な時間に亘って200〜300℃に維持されるまで反応炉に蒸気が供給され、然る後、材料が「蒸気爆発」されるよう、少なくとも2段階で除圧される。次に、材料は繊維離解され、リグニンが解放される。材料は引き続き新しい乾燥ステップに移され、然る後、材料は選択的にペレット化される。この方法は今日商業的に使用されている方法である。
dust)、削屑(chip)、破片(splinter)、削取り片(chipping)、削出し片(shaving)、切断片(cutting)、又は、類似の粒子(particle)の形態のような、如何なる適切な処理可能な形態であってもよい。
(a)前記材料が約30重量%よりも多くの、代替的に、約20重量%よりも多くの相対含水率を有するならば、材料を乾燥ステップに移し、材料を約0〜30重量%の、代替的に、約0〜20重量%の相対含水率まで乾燥するステップと、
(b)選択的に、中間貯蔵ステップを介して、材料を熱処理ステップに移し、蒸気を反応炉内に噴射することによって、材料を約180〜235℃まで加熱するステップと、
(c)材料を軟化し且つリグニンを解放するために十分な時間に亘って到達される時間で、材料を反応炉内で維持するステップと、
(d)少なくとも1回のステップで反応炉内の圧力を減少するステップと、
(e)処理済み材料をペレット化又はブリケット化するステップとを含むことを特徴とする。
使用されるべき材料は事前乾燥され、或いは、30重量%未満、又は、20重量%未満の相対含水率を有してもよく、よって、乾燥を必要としない。水分が30重量%より上、又は、20重量%より上であるならば、材料はプロセス自体におけるプロセスとして乾燥される。よって、反応炉内に送り込まれる材料は、従来技術において以前に使用された含水率よりも実質的に低い含水率を有する。本発明は、従来技術における30〜45%に対するものとして、約0〜30%、代替的に、約0〜20%の乾燥後水分を開示し、それによって、導入的に説明されたような従来技術において依然として存在する一部の大きな欠点を克服する。材料中の水分減少は、より少ない反応炉内の蒸気消費をもたらし、それはより低い製造コストをもたらす。反応炉に進入する材料の相対含水率は、好ましくは、約5〜15重量%、又は、約2〜12重量%の範囲内にある。
処理のための温度範囲を、既知の200〜300℃の範囲と比べて、約180〜235℃に限定することによって、235℃よりも上で起こる材料中の望ましくない反応も回避されると同時に、エネルギ消費、特に、蒸気生成に関して、動作的に最適な温度内に留まる。
反応炉内の減圧は、以下のいずれかにおいて起こる。
(1)最終減圧が突然起こり、それによって、材料が繊維離解され且つリグニンが解放される蒸気爆発を得る減圧。
(2)この減圧自体は材料の繊維離解をもたらさないが、材料が上述のような温度範囲、約180〜235℃で、十分な長さの時間に亘って加熱されるので、それにも拘わらずリグニンは解放される漸進的な減圧。
最後に、選択的に、それが他のリグニン含有材料、例えば、非蒸気爆発リグニン含有材料と混合された後、処理済み材料はペレット化される。混合リグニン含有材料は、有利に、18重量%に過ぎない含水率及び2mmに過ぎない典型的な粒子サイズを有する。代替的に、処理済み材料をペレット化する代わりに、ブリケットプレス内でブリケット化し得る。
原料は如何なる種類のリグニン含有材料であってもよい。人工的に或いは自然に乾燥されなかった原料は、約45〜55重量%の相対含水率を普通有するが、自然に乾燥された原料は、約13〜35重量%、又は、28〜35重量%さえもの典型的な相対含水率を有する。
Claims (14)
- リグニン含有材料からペレット又はブリケットを製造する方法であって、
30重量%未満の相対含水率を有する前記リグニン含有材料を反応炉内に移すステップと、
蒸気を前記反応炉内に噴射することによって、前記リグニン含有材料を180〜235℃まで加熱し、前記反応炉内を加圧するステップと、
リグニンを解放するために、前記材料を1〜12分に亘って前記反応炉内で維持するステップと、
前記反応炉内の圧力を下げ、前記反応炉から、前記材料を大気圧環境に取り出すステップと、
前記反応炉から前記材料を取り出した後に前記材料を乾燥せずに、前記処理された材料の実質的に全てを加圧して、プレス内でペレット又はブリケットを形成するステップと、
を含む方法。 - 前記リグニン含有材料は、リグノセルロース材料、木含有材料、木、竹、バガス、藁、又は、草である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記リグニン含有材料は、屑、削屑、破片、粒子、削取り片、削出し片、又は、切断片である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記粒子は、セルロースチップである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記反応炉内の圧力を下げるステップでは、前記材料の蒸気爆発繊維離解が生じる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記反応炉内の圧力を下げるステップは、蒸気爆発を伴わずに行われる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記リグニン含有材料は、前記反応炉内に移る前に分割される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記リグニン含有材料の長さは、3mm未満である、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記反応炉内に噴射される前記蒸気は、過熱(不飽和)である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記蒸気からの最少の凝縮水が前記ペレット及びブリケット内に水分として残るよう、前記反応炉内で処理された前記リグニン含有材料は、該材料から前記蒸気を分離するために、前記反応炉から収容タンク内に移転される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記リグニン含有材料を加熱する前に前記リグニン含有材料を乾燥するステップを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記材料は、5〜15重量%の相対含水率に乾燥される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ペレット又はブリケットは、5重量%未満の相対含水率を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ペレット又はブリケットは、5.0MWh/Tonneよりも大きいエネルギ量を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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NO20085249 | 2008-12-15 | ||
NO20085249A NO327839B1 (no) | 2008-12-15 | 2008-12-15 | Fremgangsmate ved fremstilling av trepellets og pellets derav |
NO20092136A NO335883B1 (no) | 2009-06-02 | 2009-06-02 | Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av trepellets og briketter |
NO20092136 | 2009-06-02 |
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JP2011540623A Division JP2012512270A (ja) | 2008-12-15 | 2009-10-05 | ペレット又はブリケットの製造方法 |
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JP2016212221A Division JP2017075318A (ja) | 2008-12-15 | 2016-10-28 | ペレット又はブリケットの製造方法 |
JP2017155758A Division JP2018059051A (ja) | 2008-12-15 | 2017-08-10 | ペレット又はブリケットの製造方法 |
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EP (1) | EP2373767B1 (ja) |
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CN (2) | CN102245748A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2009327630C1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0923508A8 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2746998C (ja) |
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JP2017075318A (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
CA2746998C (en) | 2016-01-19 |
AU2009327630B2 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
CN102245748A (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
PL2373767T3 (pl) | 2019-03-29 |
RU2518068C2 (ru) | 2014-06-10 |
BRPI0923508A2 (pt) | 2016-01-26 |
AU2009327630C1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
JP2012512270A (ja) | 2012-05-31 |
PT2373767T (pt) | 2018-11-09 |
US20110302832A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
KR101526840B1 (ko) | 2015-06-05 |
KR20150023934A (ko) | 2015-03-05 |
AU2009327630A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
WO2010071440A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
JP2014237859A (ja) | 2014-12-18 |
LT2373767T (lt) | 2018-12-10 |
KR20110094347A (ko) | 2011-08-23 |
JP2018059051A (ja) | 2018-04-12 |
RU2011129312A (ru) | 2013-01-20 |
US20200157448A1 (en) | 2020-05-21 |
US10570349B2 (en) | 2020-02-25 |
EP2373767B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
CA2746998A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
KR101525648B1 (ko) | 2015-06-03 |
TR201815603T4 (tr) | 2018-11-21 |
EP2373767A1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
BRPI0923508A8 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
ZA201104425B (en) | 2012-03-28 |
NZ593489A (en) | 2013-09-27 |
ES2693144T3 (es) | 2018-12-07 |
CN106929117A (zh) | 2017-07-07 |
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