WO2010116482A1 - 海水脱硫酸化処理装置、脱硫海水の処理方法及びこれを適用した発電システム - Google Patents
海水脱硫酸化処理装置、脱硫海水の処理方法及びこれを適用した発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010116482A1 WO2010116482A1 PCT/JP2009/057072 JP2009057072W WO2010116482A1 WO 2010116482 A1 WO2010116482 A1 WO 2010116482A1 JP 2009057072 W JP2009057072 W JP 2009057072W WO 2010116482 A1 WO2010116482 A1 WO 2010116482A1
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- seawater
- dilution
- sulfur
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- absorbing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1481—Removing sulfur dioxide or sulfur trioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/507—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with other liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/101—Sulfur compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a seawater desulfation treatment apparatus for releasing sulfur content-absorbing seawater pH and COD generated by desulfurization of sulfur content such as sulfur oxides in exhaust gas from an industrial combustion facility using seawater as a level at which seawater can be discharged.
- the present invention relates to a method for treating desulfurized seawater and a power generation system to which the method is applied.
- this seawater flue gas desulfurization apparatus is lower in cost than the lime-gypsum method, it is used particularly in thermal power plants where it is difficult to stably supply limestone in coastal areas. Further, since a large amount of seawater is used as cooling water in the condenser of the boiler, a part of the seawater effluent discharged from the condenser and heated is supplied to the desulfurization device, and used as an absorption liquid for seawater desulfurization. It is used to remove SO 2 in exhaust gas.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram simply illustrating a configuration of a power generation system including a seawater desulfation treatment apparatus using conventional seawater.
- a power generation system 100 using a conventional seawater flue gas desulfurization device using seawater is heat-exchanged between a boiler 12 that is burned by a burner (not shown) using preheated air 11 and the boiler 12.
- the dust collector 14 for removing the dust in the exhaust gas 13 to be discharged, and the sulfur content in the exhaust gas 13 is absorbed into the absorption seawater 15A and desulfurized, and the sulfur content absorbed in a high concentration is generated.
- the seawater desulfation treatment apparatus 101 includes a flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 that absorbs SO 2 in the exhaust gas 13 into the absorption sea water 15A and recovers it as sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3 ) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), It comprises an oxidation tank 21 that performs a water quality recovery process on the sulfur content-absorbing seawater 16A containing a high concentration of sulfur content discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20.
- the exhaust gas 13 discharged from the boiler 12 is used as a heat source for generating steam, and a generator (not shown) of a steam turbine (not shown) is driven using the generated steam to generate power.
- the exhaust gas 13 is sent to a flue gas denitration device (not shown) and denitrated, and then sent to a dust collector 14 to remove the dust in the exhaust gas 13.
- the exhaust gas 13 removed by the dust collector 14 is supplied into the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 by the induction fan 22.
- the sulfur content in the exhaust gas 13 is desulfurized by using a part of the seawater 15 as the absorption seawater 15 ⁇ / b> A by the pump 24. ing. That is, the exhaust gas 13 produced by burning fossil fuel contains sulfur, which is sulfur oxide (SOx) in the form of SO 2 or the like.
- SOx sulfur oxide
- the exhaust gas 13 and the absorption seawater 15A supplied via the seawater supply line L1 are brought into gas-liquid contact in the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20, and a reaction shown in the following formula occurs.
- Desulfurization is performed by absorbing the sulfur content such as sulfur oxide (SOx) contained in the form of sulfurous acid gas (SO 2 ) into the absorption seawater 15A.
- the purified gas 26 desulfurized in the desulfurization absorption tower 20 is discharged into the atmosphere from the chimney 27 through the purified gas discharge line L2.
- the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower is discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 via the sulfur content-absorbing seawater discharge line L3.
- the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower needs to reduce the concentration of sulfurous acid as a COD component and increase the pH and dissolved oxygen concentration before being released to the sea 25 or reused. is there. Therefore, the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower containing a high concentration of sulfur is supplied to the oxidation tank 21 via the sulfur-absorbing seawater discharge line L3, and is used for oxidation in the oxidation tank 21.
- Air 30 is supplied from the air blower 29 through the air diffuser 31 into the oxidation tank 21 from the nozzle 32 and brought into gas-liquid contact with the sulfur-absorbing seawater 28 in the oxidation tank to cause a reaction of the following formula: While reducing the concentration of sulfurous acid as a component, the pH and dissolved oxygen concentration are increased.
- a part of the seawater 15 supplied by the seawater supply line L1 is mixed and diluted as the first dilution seawater 15B by the first seawater branch line L4 to increase the pH of the sulfur-absorbing seawater 28 in the oxidation tank. This prevents re-emission of SO 2 .
- the water content of the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16B at the inlet of the oxidation tank is gradually recovered by the oxidation and decarboxylation of bisulfite ions (HSO 3 ⁇ ). It becomes sulfur content absorption seawater 16C.
- the composition of the sulfur-absorbing seawater 28 in the oxidation tank changes continuously, it indicates the entire seawater having a certain range in its composition.
- the remaining seawater 15 is oxidized as the second dilution seawater 15C by the second seawater branch line L5 before leaving the oxidation tank 21 and being discharged into the sea 25.
- the tank 21 is mixed and diluted with sulfur-absorbing seawater 28 in the oxidation tank.
- COD reduction and pH improvement of the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16C discharged from the oxidation tank outlet are efficiently performed, and water quality recovery is achieved.
- the water quality recovery seawater 33 by which water quality was recovered is discharged
- the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower is used as the first dilution seawater. It is mixed and diluted in 15B and oxidation tank 21 and aerated to oxidize hydrogen sulfite ion (HSO 3 ⁇ ) and render it harmless. At the same time, the dissolved oxygen concentration is improved, and further decarboxylated and discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower. After the pH of the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A to be improved, it is discharged to the sea 25 (Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- the supply amount of the seawater 15A to the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 increases, the pump capacity increases, and the equipment cost and the running cost increase. Therefore, the supply amount of the absorption seawater 15A to the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 It is desirable to reduce as much as possible.
- the acid-alkali equivalent ratio refers to the ratio of the acid equivalent of the absorbed sulfur content to the alkali equivalent of seawater.
- the acid equivalent due to the absorbed sulfur content is the concentration of hydrogen ions (H + ) that can be generated when the sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3 ) and sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) generated by the absorbed sulfur content are completely dissociated.
- the alkali equivalent of seawater is equal to the alkalinity and refers to the acid equivalent consumed when titrating seawater to pH 4.8 with hydrochloric acid.
- the present invention optimizes the amount of seawater used to dilute sulfur-absorbing seawater desulfurized using seawater, thereby preventing re-emission of SO 2 harmful to the human body and water quality that can be discharged into seawater. It is an object of the present invention to provide a low-cost and safe seawater desulfation treatment apparatus, a seawater desulfurization system, and a method for treating desulfurized seawater, which simultaneously achieve the above.
- the first invention of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is exhaust gas desulfurization in which exhaust gas is brought into contact with seawater, sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas are removed and recovered as sulfur-absorbing seawater containing sulfurous acid.
- a seawater supply line for supplying water to the oxidation tank, and an oxidation tank for mixing a part of the seawater with sulfur-absorbing seawater discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower as first dilution seawater.
- a seawater desulfation treatment apparatus comprising: a discharge line that discharges water-quality-recovered seawater diluted with sea
- the acid equivalent derived from the absorbed sulfur content is characterized in that the first dilution seawater is supplied so that a ratio of seawater to an alkali equivalent is 0.83 or more and 1.2 or less.
- a detector for detecting a bisulfite ion concentration in the sulfur-absorbing seawater discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower on the sulfur-absorbing seawater discharge line It exists in the seawater desulfation processing apparatus characterized by having.
- a detector for detecting an alkali equivalent of the first dilution seawater is provided on the first dilution seawater supply line. It is in the seawater desulfation treatment equipment.
- a fifth invention is the seawater desulfation treatment apparatus according to any one of the first to fourth inventions, wherein the seawater is drained from a condenser.
- the sixth invention uses a boiler, exhaust gas discharged from the boiler as a heat source for generating steam, a steam turbine that drives a generator using the generated steam, and water condensed in the steam turbine.
- a condenser that collects and circulates, a flue gas denitration device that denitrates exhaust gas discharged from the boiler, a dust collector that removes soot in the exhaust gas, and And a chimney that discharges the purified gas desulfurized by the flue gas desulfurization apparatus to the outside.
- the seventh aspect of the invention is to wash the sulfur content in the exhaust gas in contact with seawater, to oxidize the sulfur-absorbing seawater that has absorbed the sulfur content in the exhaust gas after washing, to oxidize the sulfurous acid and to perform decarboxylation treatment, to restore the water quality Then, in the method for treating the desulfurized seawater to be discharged, after mixing a part of the seawater with the sulfur-absorbing seawater as the first dilution seawater in the dilution mixing tank at the oxidation tank inlet, the sulfur content absorption at the oxidation tank inlet Seawater is supplied to the oxidation tank, sulfur content absorption at the oxidation tank inlet is oxidized and sulfurous acid in the seawater is oxidized and decarboxylated, and the sulfur content at the oxidation tank outlet after the oxidation / decarbonation treatment is discharged from the oxidation tank.
- the acid equivalent of the absorbed sulfur content in the seventh invention, immediately after mixing the first dilution seawater and the sulfur-absorbing seawater discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower, the acid equivalent of the absorbed sulfur content
- the first dilution seawater is supplied so that a ratio of seawater to an alkali equivalent is 0.83 or more and 1.2 or less.
- the ninth invention is the desulfurized seawater treatment method according to the seventh or eighth invention, wherein the seawater is drained from a condenser.
- a part of the seawater is supplied in advance to the sulfur-absorbing seawater generated by seawater desulfurization in the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower via the first dilution seawater supply line, and the sulfur absorption is thereby performed.
- Seawater is diluted, the acid / alkali equivalent ratio in the sulfur-absorbing seawater is lowered, the pH of the sulfur-absorbing seawater is increased, and the oxidation reaction rate can be improved.
- diluting the sulfur-absorbing seawater with the first dilution seawater to reduce the SO 2 partial pressure, it is possible to prevent re-emission of SO 2 harmful to the human body.
- the sulfur-absorbing seawater and the first dilution seawater in the oxidation tank there is a seawater amount minimum of sulfur absorbing seawater to flow into the oxidation tank mixed, high sulfite concentrations in sea water of the oxidation tank, and the pH decrease in the re-emission or reaction rate constants of SO 2
- the CO 2 partial pressure of the sulfur-absorbing seawater in the oxidation tank is maintained at a high level. Can be done.
- the pH of the water quality recovery seawater can be efficiently increased, and COD can be reduced.
- the oxidation tank can be downsized while maintaining the pH and COD of the water quality recovered seawater, and the seawater can be discharged, and the cost of the oxidation facility can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a power generation system to which a seawater desulfation treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the pH of seawater and the CO 2 partial pressure.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the pH of sulfur-absorbing seawater and the oxidation reaction rate constant of bisulfite ions in the sulfur-absorbing seawater.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the acid-alkali equivalent ratio of the sulfur-absorbing seawater at the inlet of the oxidation tank and the pH of the sulfur-absorbing seawater at the inlet of the oxidation tank, the sulfur-absorbing seawater at the outlet of the oxidation tank, and the water quality recovery seawater.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a power generation system to which a seawater desulfation treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the relationship between the pH of seawater and the
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the acid-alkali equivalent ratio of the sulfur-absorbing seawater at the oxidation tank inlet and the COD concentration in the sulfur-absorbing seawater and water-recovered seawater at the oxidation tank outlet.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the acid-alkali equivalent ratio of the oxidation tank inlet seawater and the maximum SO 2 partial pressure of the sulfur-absorbing seawater in the oxidation tank.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the acid-alkali equivalent ratio of the oxidation tank inlet seawater and the total carbonic acid concentration of the sulfur-absorbing seawater and water-recovered seawater at the oxidation tank outlet.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram simply illustrating a configuration of a power generation system including a seawater desulfation treatment apparatus using conventional seawater.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a power generation system to which a seawater desulfation treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a power generation system to which a seawater desulfation treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- a power generation system 40 to which a seawater desulfation treatment apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is applied is a boiler that burns with a burner (not shown) using air 11 preheated by an air preheater (AH) 41.
- AH air preheater
- seawater desulfurization oxidizing apparatus 10 for performing a process, in which the exhaust gas 13 in seawater desulfurization oxidizing apparatus 10 consists of a chimney 27 for discharging the purified gas 26 desulfurized outside.
- the air 11 supplied from the outside is supplied to the air preheater 41 by the pushing fan 48 and preheated.
- Fuel (not shown) and air 11 preheated by the air preheater 41 are supplied to the burner, and the fuel is combusted in the boiler 12 to generate steam 42 for driving the steam turbine 44.
- fuel (not shown) used in the present embodiment is supplied from, for example, an oil tank.
- the exhaust gas 13 generated by combustion in the boiler 12 is sent to a flue gas denitration device 47. Moreover, when there is no nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission regulation, the installation of the flue gas denitration device 47 may be omitted. At this time, the exhaust gas 13 exchanges heat with the water 45 discharged from the condenser 46 and is used as a heat source for generating steam 42, and the generated steam 42 drives the generator 43 of the steam turbine 44. The water 45 condensed by the steam turbine 44 is returned to the boiler 12 and circulated.
- NOx nitrogen oxide
- the exhaust gas 13 discharged from the boiler 12 and guided to the flue gas denitration device 47 is denitrated in the flue gas denitration device 47, exchanges heat with the air 11 by the air preheater 41, and then is sent to the dust collector 14.
- the dust in the exhaust gas 13 is removed.
- the exhaust gas 13 removed by the dust collector 14 is supplied into the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 by the induction fan 22.
- the exhaust gas 13 is heat-exchanged with the purified gas 26 desulfurized and discharged by the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 by the heat exchanger 49 and then supplied into the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20.
- the exhaust gas 13 may be directly supplied to the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 without exchanging heat with the purified gas 26 by the heat exchanger 49.
- the seawater desulfation treatment device 10 brings the exhaust gas 13 into contact with a part of the seawater 15A for absorption of the seawater 15 so that the The flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 which removes sulfur oxides (SOx) and collects as sulfur content absorption seawater 16A containing sulfurous acid (H 2 SO 3 ), and the sulfur content absorption seawater discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower
- the oxidation tank 21 that oxidizes and decarboxylates the sulfur content in 16A and restores water quality
- the seawater supply line L1 that supplies seawater 15 as dilution seawater 15A to the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20, and the oxidation tank 21 inlet side A dilution mixing tank 21A at the inlet of the oxidation tank that mixes a part of the seawater 15 with the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization ab
- the seawater supplied to the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 among the seawater 15 is the absorption seawater 15A
- the seawater supplied to the dilution mixing tank 21A at the oxidation tank inlet is the first dilution seawater 15B
- the seawater supplied to the dilution mixing tank 21C at the oxidation tank outlet is defined as the second dilution seawater 15C.
- the seawater desulfurization is performed using the seawater 15 pumped up from the sea 25 by the sulfur content contained in the exhaust gas 13.
- the exhaust gas 13 and the absorption seawater 15A supplied via the seawater supply line L1 are brought into gas-liquid contact, so that the SO 2 in the exhaust gas 13 is absorbed by the absorption seawater 15A, and seawater desulfurization is performed. Is going.
- seawater 15 pumped up from the sea 25 is sent to the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 by the pump 24 as a part of the seawater 15 which is the wastewater discharged by exchanging heat in the condenser 46 as seawater 15A.
- seawater 15 drawn from the sea 25 may be used directly.
- sulfur dioxide gas SO 2
- SO 3 sulfurous acid
- the absorption seawater 15A Since the hydrogen ions (H + ) generated by the dissociation of sulfurous acid are generated in the absorption seawater 15A and then released into the absorption seawater 15A, the absorption seawater 15A after being brought into gas-liquid contact with the exhaust gas 13 absorbs sulfurous acid gas. At the same time, the pH drops. At this time, the pH of the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A is, for example, about 3 to 6.
- a part of the seawater 15 is branched from the seawater supply line L1 and supplied as the first dilution seawater 15B to the dilution mixing tank 21A at the inlet of the oxidation tank.
- a first dilution seawater supply line L4 is provided.
- the acid-alkali equivalent ratio is obtained by previously mixing the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower and the first dilution seawater 15B at a predetermined ratio in the dilution mixing tank 21A at the oxidation tank inlet.
- the adjusted pre-diluted seawater 16B can be fed to the oxidation tank 21.
- the pre-diluted seawater 16B refers to the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16B at the oxidation tank inlet in which the first dilution seawater 15B and the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower are mixed.
- an acid alkali equivalent ratio means the ratio with respect to the alkali equivalent of seawater of the acid equivalent by the sulfur content absorbed as mentioned above.
- a detector 35 for detecting the sulfurous acid concentration in the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower is provided on the sulfur-absorbing seawater discharge line L3 so as to detect the sulfurous acid concentration.
- a standard redox potential electrode (ORP sensor) can be used as a means for detecting the sulfurous acid concentration.
- a detector 36 for detecting the alkali equivalent of the first dilution seawater 15B is provided on the first dilution seawater supply line L4 so as to detect the alkali equivalent. Since the alkali equivalent can be estimated from the total carbonic acid concentration and pH of seawater, a total organic carbon meter (trade name: TOC-VCSH, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) and a pH meter can be used as means for detecting the alkali equivalent. .
- the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower is not supplied to the oxidation tank 21 as it is, but the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower in advance in the dilution mixing tank 21A at the oxidation tank inlet.
- a predetermined amount of one seawater for dilution 15B is mixed, and the prediluted seawater 16B adjusted for the acid-alkali equivalent ratio is supplied to the oxidation tank 21 to restore the water quality by decarboxylation of the prediluted seawater 16B in the oxidation tank 21. Can be done efficiently.
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the pH of sulfur-absorbing seawater and the CO 2 partial pressure. As shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the pH of sulfur-absorbing seawater and the oxidation reaction rate constant of bisulfite ion (HSO 3 ⁇ ) in the sulfur-absorbing seawater.
- the oxidation rate constant of bisulfite ion (HSO 3 ⁇ ) decreases as the pH of the sulfur-absorbing seawater decreases. Therefore, the amount of the first dilution seawater 15B mixed with the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower is adjusted, and the prediluted seawater 16B whose pH has been adjusted in advance is supplied to the oxidation tank 21.
- the oxidation reaction of the bisulfite ions (HSO 3 ⁇ ) in the seawater 16B after the pre-dilution in the oxidation tank 21 can be promoted.
- the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16C at the outlet of the oxidation tank recovered in water quality by the oxidation reaction and decarboxylation of the bisulfite ions (HSO 3 ⁇ ) in the sulfur-absorbing seawater 28 in the oxidation tank is provided at the outlet of the oxidation tank. It is discharged through the dilution / mixing tank 21C and the seawater discharge line L6.
- the 2nd dilution seawater supply line L5 which joins part of the seawater 15 branched from the seawater supply line L1 with the sulfur content absorption seawater 16C of the oxidation tank exit as the 2nd dilution seawater 15C is provided. .
- the second dilution seawater 15C is fed to the dilution mixing tank 21C at the oxidation tank outlet via the second dilution seawater supply line L5, and the second dilution seawater 15C is supplied to the dilution mixing tank 21C at the oxidation tank outlet.
- the sulfur component absorbing seawater 16C at the oxidation tank outlet can be diluted.
- the water-recovered seawater 33 whose water quality has been recovered by diluting the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16C at the oxidation tank outlet with the second dilution seawater 15C is discharged to the sea 25 via the seawater discharge line L6 as seawater drainage.
- the alkalinity is restored by mixing the second dilution seawater 15C with the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16C at the oxidation tank outlet in which the alkalinity and the total carbonic acid concentration are reduced.
- the pH can be increased more efficiently than in the dilution mixing tank 21A at the oxidation tank inlet.
- the second dilution seawater 15B supplied via the first dilution seawater supply line L4 is reduced and the second dilution supplied via the second dilution seawater supply line L5 instead.
- the residence time of seawater 16B after predilution in the oxidation tank 21 can be increased, and the oxidation and decarboxylation of sulfurous acid in the oxidation tank 21 can be sufficiently performed.
- the COD value of the water quality recovery solution 33 can be reduced by diluting the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16C at the oxidation tank outlet with the second dilution seawater 15C.
- the prediluted seawater 16B obtained by mixing and diluting the first dilution seawater 15B and the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the smoke desulfurization absorption tower.
- the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the absorbed sulfur to the alkali equivalent of seawater is most preferably 1: 1, but the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the smoke desulfurization absorption tower is diluted with the first dilution seawater 15B.
- the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the absorbed sulfur content to the alkali equivalent of seawater is preferably 0.83 or more and 1.2 or less, more preferably 0.9. As described above, 1.1 or less is preferable, and 0.95 or more and 1.05 or less is more preferable.
- the acid equivalent derived from the absorbed sulfur content is a hydrogen ion that can be generated by complete dissociation of sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid generated by absorption of sulfur content in the exhaust gas by the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower.
- the maximum amount of (H + ) concentration is a hydrogen ion that can be generated by complete dissociation of sulfurous acid and sulfuric acid generated by absorption of sulfur content in the exhaust gas by the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower.
- the acid equivalent up to pH 4.8 or the alkali equivalent calculated from the total inorganic carbonic acid amount and pH can be used.
- the first dilution seawater 15B is smoke-desulfurized so that the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the sulfur content absorbed in the seawater 16B after the pre-dilution to the alkali equivalent of the seawater is 0.83 or more and 1.2 or less.
- the amount of seawater in the prediluted seawater 16B in the oxidation tank 21 is required without excessively increasing the amount of seawater in the first dilution seawater 15B. While making it the minimum, the oxidation reaction rate and decarboxylation rate of sulfurous acid can be improved by increasing the sulfurous acid concentration in the seawater 16B after predilution.
- the oxidation reaction and decarboxylation of the bisulfite ion (HSO 3 ⁇ ) in the seawater 16B after the pre-dilution can be efficiently advanced, so that the oxidation tank 21 is not increased in size, and the oxidation equipment cost and running Cost can be suppressed.
- the pH and COD of the water quality recovery solution 33 can be released to a level at which seawater can be discharged.
- the sulfurous acid concentration in the sulfur content absorption seawater 16A discharged from the smoke desulfurization absorption tower is detected by the detector 35 provided on the sulfur content absorption solution discharge line L3. Further, the alkali equivalent of the first dilution seawater 15B is detected and calculated by the total inorganic carbon amount and pH in the detector 36 provided on the first dilution seawater supply line L4.
- the amount of the first dilution seawater 15B is changed with the total amount of the desulfurization amount, the absorption seawater 15A, the first dilution seawater 15B, and the second dilution seawater 15C in the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 being constant.
- the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the sulfur content absorbed in the seawater 16B after the pre-dilution to the alkali equivalent of the seawater in the seawater 16B after the dilution (the acid equivalent derived from the sulfur content absorbed in the seawater 16B after the pre-dilution / the alkali equivalent of the seawater)
- Table 1 shows the flow rate conditions of Examples 1 to 12, the water quality of the water quality recovery seawater 33, and the maximum SO 2 partial pressure of the oxidation tank.
- the total amount of seawater used in the desulfation apparatus was 70,000 m 3 / hr, and other equipment conditions were as follows.
- Oxidation tank area 2,800m 2
- Oxidation tank ventilation rate 90,000 m 3 / hr
- Seawater temperature 42 ° C (summer) 30 °C (Winter)
- the drainage standard of the water quality recovery seawater 33 was as follows. pH: 6-9 COD: 5 mg / L or less
- the upper limit value of the oxidation tank SO 2 partial pressure was set as follows as an upper limit value that does not feel odor.
- FIG. 4 shows the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the sulfur content absorbed in the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16B at the oxidation tank to the alkali equivalent of the seawater (acid-alkali equivalent ratio), the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16C at the oxidation tank outlet, and the second It is a figure which shows the relationship with the pH of the water quality recovery seawater 33 after dilution by the seawater for dilution.
- FIG. 5 shows the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the sulfur content absorbed in the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16B at the oxidation tank inlet to the alkali equivalent of the seawater (acid-alkali equivalent ratio), the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16B at the oxidation tank inlet, and the oxidation tank outlet.
- FIG. 6 shows the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the sulfur content absorbed in the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16B at the inlet of the oxidation tank to the alkali equivalent of the seawater (acid-alkali equivalent ratio), and the SO 2 content of the sulfur-absorbing seawater 28 in the oxidation tank. It is a figure which shows the relationship with a pressure maximum value.
- the acid equivalent derived from the sulfur component absorbed in the seawater 16B after the pre-dilution is the sulfurous acid produced by absorbing the sulfur component in the exhaust gas 13 in the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 as described above.
- the maximum amount of hydrogen ion (H + ) concentration that can be generated by complete dissociation of sulfuric acid is the maximum amount of hydrogen ion (H + ) concentration that can be generated by complete dissociation of sulfuric acid.
- the total carbonic acid concentration refers to the sum of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3 ), hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO 3 ⁇ ), and carbonate ions (CO 3 3 ⁇ ).
- the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the absorbed sulfur content in the pre-diluted seawater 16B to the alkali equivalent of seawater is about 1.2 or less.
- the pH of sulfur-absorbing seawater in the oxidation tank decreases, and the oxidation reaction rate of bisulfite ions (HSO 3 ⁇ ) in the oxidation tank decreases as shown in FIG. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, the COD concentration in the water quality recovery seawater 33 becomes high and exceeds the drainage standard (COD concentration of 5 mg / L or less), and as shown in FIG. Since the SO 2 partial pressure maximum value of 28 also exceeds the reference value (1 ppm), it is not preferable.
- the total carbonic acid concentration in the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16C at the oxidation tank outlet can be efficiently reduced as shown in FIG. 7, so that the pH improvement effect as shown in FIG. 4 is efficient.
- the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the sulfur content absorbed in the pre-diluted seawater 16B to the alkali equivalent of the seawater is about 0.83 or more, the water quality-recovered seawater 33 diluted with the second diluted seawater 15C is obtained.
- the pH of the solution becomes 6.0 or more (including measurement error 0.15). For this reason, the drainage standard value of pH (6 to 9) can be satisfied.
- the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A is used for the first dilution.
- the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the sulfur content absorbed in the seawater 16B after dilution at the inlet of the oxidation tank 21 to the alkali equivalent of seawater (the acid derived from the absorbed sulfur in the seawater 16B after dilution) Equivalent / alkaline equivalent of seawater) is 0.83 or more and 1.2 or less, and is mixed and diluted with sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the smoke desulfurization absorption tower on the inlet side of the oxidation tank 21.
- the amount of seawater 15A used for desulfurization in the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 the amount of seawater of the first dilution seawater 15B used for dilution of the sulfur content absorption seawater 16A discharged from the smoke desulfurization absorption tower,
- the amount of seawater in the second dilution seawater 15C used for diluting the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16C at the oxidation tank outlet SO 2 re-released acid from the oxidation tank 21 is prevented and the first Without excessively increasing the amount of seawater in the dilution seawater 15B, the amount of seawater in the prediluted seawater 16B in the oxidation tank 21 is minimized, and reduction in the oxidation reaction rate and decarboxylation rate of sulfurous acid is prevented.
- the oxidation equipment cost and the running cost can be suppressed by downsizing the oxidation tank 21 while maintaining the pH of the water quality recovery seawater 33 and the level at which COD can be discharged into the sea
- seawater properties for example, temperature, alkalinity, pH, and acid acceleration of sulfurous acid
- the specifications of the oxidation tank for example, residence time and air flow rate
- the drainage standards conform to the standards of the area where the facilities are installed, it is not possible to determine the optimum oxidation tank specifications based only on the properties of the seawater 25 and the properties of the exhaust gas 13.
- effective water quality recovery eg, oxidation, decarboxylation
- equipment costs eg, oxidation tank size, air flow
- running costs eg, air flow
- the above-mentioned range is preferable for the acid-alkali equivalent ratio in the pre-diluted seawater 16B for determining the pH of the sulfur-absorbing seawater 28 in the oxidation tank. Will not change.
- the exhaust gas 13 is brought into contact with the absorption seawater 15A, sulfur oxides in the exhaust gas 13 are removed, and sulfur-containing seawater 16A containing sulfurous acid is contained.
- the smoke desulfurization absorption tower by supplying the first dilution seawater 15B to the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the smoke desulfurization absorption tower in advance via the first dilution seawater supply line L4 and mixing them, the smoke desulfurization absorption tower
- the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16A discharged from the seawater is diluted, the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the absorbed sulfur content in the seawater 16B after pre-dilution is reduced to the alkali equivalent of seawater, and the pH of the seawater 16B after pre-dilution is increased,
- the oxidation reaction rate can be improved.
- by reducing the SO 2 partial pressure it is possible to prevent scattering of SO 2 , to prevent the generation of bad odor around the oxidation tank 21, and to ensure the safety of workers.
- the pH of the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16C at the oxidation tank outlet is increased by supplying the second dilution seawater 15C to the sulfur-absorbing seawater 16C at the oxidation tank outlet via the second dilution seawater supply line L5. COD can be reduced, and the residence time of the seawater 16B after pre-dilution in the oxidation tank 21 can be reduced.
- the first dilution seawater 15B is smoked so that the ratio of the acid equivalent derived from the absorbed sulfur to the alkali equivalent of the seawater is 0.83 or more and 1.2 or less.
- the oxidation equipment cost and running cost can be suppressed without increasing the size of the oxidation tank 21, and the pH and COD of the water quality recovery solution 33 discharged from the dilution mixing tank 21C at the oxidation tank outlet are discharged into seawater. Can be released as possible.
- the seawater desulfation treatment apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment is applied, it is possible to ensure the safety of the worker by preventing the re-emission of SO 2 from the oxidation tank 21. In addition, it can be discharged into the ocean or reused while satisfying the drainage standard of seawater drainage pH, and the cost and running cost of the oxidation facility can be reduced and the cost can be reduced. .
- a flue gas denitration device 47 is provided on the downstream side of the boiler 12 in consideration of emission regulations of nitrogen oxides (NOx).
- the exhaust gas 13 from which nitrogen oxides have been removed in advance is sent to the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20, but the present invention is not limited to this, and emission regulations for nitrogen oxides (NOx), etc.
- the flue gas denitration device 47 may not be provided, and the exhaust gas 13 discharged from the boiler 12 may be supplied to the flue gas desulfurization absorption tower 20 without denitration.
- the seawater desulfation treatment apparatus 10 is included in exhaust gas discharged from factories in various industries, power plants such as large-sized and medium-sized thermal power plants, large boilers for electric utilities, or general industrial boilers. It can be used for removing sulfur content in the sulfur content absorption solution produced by desulfurizing the contained sulfur oxides.
- the seawater desulfation treatment apparatus mixes and dilutes an appropriate amount of sulfur-absorbed seawater generated by seawater desulfurization with seawater at the inlet of the oxidation tank, and oxidizes and decarboxylates the sulfur, pH Since the COD adjustment can be performed while reducing the oxidation equipment cost and the running cost, it is suitable for use in a seawater desulfation treatment apparatus that adjusts so that the seawater used for seawater desulfurization can be released to the ocean.
Abstract
Description
SO2(g)+H2O → H2SO3(l) → HSO3 -+H+ ・・・(1)
O2(g) → O2(l)・・・(2)
HSO3 - + 1/2O2(l) → SO4 2- + H+ ・・・(3)
HCO3 - + H+ → CO2(g) + H2O ・・・(4)
CO3 2- + 2H+ → CO2(g) + H2O ・・・(5)
H2SO3(l) → SO2(g)+H2O ・・・(6)
なお、ここで酸アルカリ当量比とは、吸収された硫黄分による酸当量の海水のアルカリ当量に対する比をいう。
また、吸収された硫黄分による酸当量は、吸収された硫黄分により生成する亜硫酸(H2SO3)および硫酸(H2SO4)が完全解離した時に生成しうる水素イオン(H+)濃度の最大量をいう。
また、海水のアルカリ当量とは、アルカリ度と等しく、海水を塩酸でpH4.8まで滴定した際に消費される酸当量をいう。
本発明による実施の形態に係る海水脱硫酸化処理装置を適用した発電システムについて、図面を参照して説明する。
図1は、本発明による実施の形態に係る海水脱硫酸化処理装置を適用した発電システムの構成を示す概略図である。図中、前記図8に示した装置と同一構成には同一符号を付して重複した説明は省略する。
尚、前希釈後海水16Bとは、第一の希釈用海水15Bと排煙脱硫吸収塔から排出される硫黄分吸収海水16Aとを混合した酸化槽入口の硫黄分吸収海水16Bをいう。
また、酸アルカリ当量比とは、前述の通り吸収された硫黄分による酸当量の海水のアルカリ当量に対する比をいう。
吸収塔における脱硫量:66kgmol/hr
海水のアルカリ当量 :2.4meq/L
酸化槽面積 :2、800m2
酸化槽通気量 :90、000m3/hr
海水温度 :42℃(夏季)
30℃(冬季)
また、水質回復海水33の排水基準は以下の通りとした。
pH:6~9
COD:5mg/L以下
また、酸化槽SO2分圧の上限値は臭気を感じない上限値として以下の通りとした。
酸化槽SO2分圧:1ppm以下
図5は、酸化槽入口の硫黄分吸収海水16Bにおける吸収した硫黄分由来の酸当量の海水のアルカリ当量に対する比(酸アルカリ当量比)と、酸化槽入口の硫黄分吸収海水16B、酸化槽出口の硫黄分吸収海水16C及び第二の希釈用海水により希釈した後の水質回復海水33中のCOD濃度との関係を示す図である。
図6は、酸化槽入口の硫黄分吸収海水16Bにおける吸収した硫黄分由来の酸当量の海水のアルカリ当量に対する比(酸アルカリ当量比)と、酸化槽内の硫黄分吸収海水28のSO2分圧最大値との関係を示す図である。
図7は、酸化槽入口の硫黄分吸収海水16Bにおける吸収した硫黄分由来の酸当量の海水のアルカリ当量に対する比(酸アルカリ当量比)と、酸化槽入口の硫黄分吸収海水16B、酸化槽出口の硫黄分吸収海水16C及び第二の希釈用海水により希釈した後の水質回復海水33の全炭酸濃度との関係を示す図である。
11 空気
12 ボイラ
13 排ガス
14 集塵装置
15 海水
15A 吸収用海水
15B 第一の希釈用海水
15C 第二の希釈用海水
16A 排煙脱硫吸収塔から排出される硫黄分吸収海水
16B 酸化槽入口の硫黄分吸収海水(前希釈後海水)
16C 酸化槽出口の硫黄分吸収海水
20 排煙脱硫吸収塔
21 酸化槽
21A 酸化槽入口の希釈混合槽
21C 酸化槽出口の希釈混合槽
22 誘引ファン
23、24 ポンプ
25 海
26 浄化ガス
27 煙突
28 酸化槽内の硫黄分吸収海水
29 酸化用空気ブロア
30 空気
31 散気管
32 ノズル
33 水質回復海水
34 流量調整器
35 検出器
36 検出器
40 発電システム
41 空気予熱器(AH)
42 蒸気
43 発電機
44 蒸気タービン
45 水
46 復水器
47 排煙脱硝装置
48 押込みファン
49 熱交換器
L1 海水供給ライン
L2 浄化ガス排出ライン
L3 硫黄分吸収海水排出ライン
L4 第一の希釈用海水供給ライン
L5 第二の希釈用海水供給ライン
L6 海水排出ライン
Claims (9)
- 排ガスを海水と接触させて、前記排ガス中の硫黄酸化物を除去し、亜硫酸を含有する硫黄分吸収海水として回収する排煙脱硫吸収塔と、
該排煙脱硫吸収塔から排出される硫黄分吸収海水中の硫黄分を酸化すると共に脱炭酸し、水質回復を行う酸化槽と、
前記海水を希釈用海水として前記排煙脱硫装置に供給する海水供給ラインと、
前記酸化槽入口側に設けられ、前記海水の一部を、第一の希釈用海水として前記排煙脱硫吸収塔から排出される硫黄分吸収海水と混合させる酸化槽入口の希釈混合槽と、
前記酸化槽出口側に設けられ、前記海水の一部を第二の希釈用海水として水質回復された酸化槽出口の硫黄分吸収海水と混合させる酸化槽出口の希釈混合槽と、
前記排煙脱硫吸収塔から排出される硫黄分吸収海水を前記酸化槽入口の希釈混合槽に排出する硫黄分吸収海水排出ラインと、
前記第一の希釈用海水を前記酸化槽入口の希釈混合槽に供給する第一の希釈用海水供給ラインと、
前記第二の希釈用海水を前記酸化槽出口の希釈混合槽に供給する第二の希釈用海水供給ラインと、
前記酸化槽出口の硫黄分吸収海水を前記第二の希釈用海水により希釈した水質回復海水を海へ排出する排出ラインと、
を有することを特徴とする海水脱硫酸化処理装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第一の希釈用海水と前記排煙脱硫吸収塔から排出される硫黄分吸収海水とを混合させた直後において、吸収した硫黄分由来の酸当量の海水のアルカリ当量に対する比が、0.83以上、1.2以下の割合となるように、前記第一の希釈用海水を供給することを特徴とする海水脱硫酸化処理装置。 - 請求項1又は2において、
前記硫黄分吸収海水排出ライン上に、前記排煙脱硫吸収塔から排出される硫黄分吸収海水中の亜硫酸水素イオン濃度を検出する検出器を有することを特徴とする海水脱硫酸化処理装置。 - 請求項1乃至3の何れか一つにおいて、
前記第一の希釈用海水供給ライン上に、前記第一の希釈用海水のアルカリ当量を検出する検出器を有することを特徴とする海水脱硫酸化処理装置。 - 請求項1乃至4の何れか一つにおいて、
前記海水が復水器から排出される排液であることを特徴とする海水脱硫酸化処理装置。 - ボイラと、
前記ボイラから排出される排ガスを蒸気発生用の熱源として使用すると共に、発生した蒸気を用いて発電機を駆動する蒸気タービンと、
前記蒸気タービンで凝縮した水を回収し、循環させる復水器と、
前記ボイラから排出される排ガスの脱硝を行う排煙脱硝装置と、
前記排ガス中の煤塵を除去する集塵装置と、
請求項1乃至5の何れか一つの海水脱硫酸化処理装置と、
前記排煙脱硫装置で脱硫された浄化ガスを外部へ排出する煙突とからなることを特徴とする発電システム。 - 排ガス中の硫黄分を海水と接触させて洗浄し、洗浄後の排ガス中の硫黄分を吸収した硫黄分吸収海水中の亜硫酸を酸化すると共に脱炭酸処理を行い、水質回復した後、排出する脱硫海水の処理方法において、
前記硫黄分吸収海水に前記海水の一部を第一の希釈用海水として酸化槽入口の希釈混合槽において混合した後、酸化槽入口の硫黄分吸収海水を酸化槽に供給し、前記酸化槽入口の硫黄分吸収海水中の亜硫酸を酸化すると共に、脱炭酸を行い、
前記酸化槽から排出される酸化・脱炭酸処理後の酸化槽出口の硫黄分吸収海水を酸化槽出口の希釈混合槽に送給し、前記酸化槽出口の希釈混合槽において前記海水の一部を第二の希釈用海水として前記酸化槽出口の希釈混合槽に混合した後、放出することを特徴とする脱硫海水の処理方法。 - 請求項7において、
第一の希釈用海水と前記排煙脱硫吸収塔から排出される硫黄分吸収海水とを混合させた直後において、吸収した硫黄分由来の酸当量の海水のアルカリ当量に対する比が、0.83以上、1.2以下の割合となるように、前記第一の希釈用海水を供給することを特徴とする脱硫海水の処理方法。 - 請求項7又は8において、
前記海水が復水器から排出される排液であることを特徴とする脱硫海水の処理方法。
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MY169823A (en) | 2019-05-16 |
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CN102387850A (zh) | 2012-03-21 |
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