WO2010116430A1 - 太陽光集光受熱器 - Google Patents
太陽光集光受熱器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010116430A1 WO2010116430A1 PCT/JP2009/005798 JP2009005798W WO2010116430A1 WO 2010116430 A1 WO2010116430 A1 WO 2010116430A1 JP 2009005798 W JP2009005798 W JP 2009005798W WO 2010116430 A1 WO2010116430 A1 WO 2010116430A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat
- heat receiving
- receiving pipe
- pipe
- sunlight
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
- F24S10/74—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other
- F24S10/742—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits the tubular conduits are not fixed to heat absorbing plates and are not touching each other the conduits being parallel to each other
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/80—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors having discontinuous faces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Definitions
- the present invention is used in a solar thermal power generation device, a solar thermal utilization chemical plant, etc., condenses sunlight and converts it into high-temperature thermal energy, and transmits the thermal energy to a heat medium by heat conduction. It relates to the basic structure.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-081823 filed in Japan on March 30, 2009, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the combination of the condensing device and the heat receiver is a mechanical combination of the condensing device and the heat receiving device.
- the heat medium used for heat exchange in the solar concentrating receiver is higher than in the past in order to increase the efficiency of the power generation cycle in the case of a power plant.
- Development corresponding to computerization is being carried out.
- the operating temperature of the heat receiving pipe material of the heat receiver becomes very close to the allowable temperature due to the high temperature of the heat medium, and a local temperature difference occurs in the heat receiver. There was a problem with stable heat collection.
- FIG. 10 An outline of a conventional tower-type heat receiver will be described with reference to FIGS.
- a tower-type heat receiver 52 that collects and collects heat from the entire circumference as shown in FIG. 11.
- the heat receiving pipe 53 is exposed to the outside, there is a problem that convection and radiation heat loss are large.
- a cavity type heat receiver 55 in which the heat receiving pipe 53 is placed inside the casing 54 as shown in FIG. 12 has been developed.
- the heliostat is arranged around the tower.
- the actual area of the facility in the subtropical high-pressure zone with good direct solar radiation shows that the effective area of the mirror depends on the incident / reflection angle of the heliostat in the north and south of the tower.
- a heat receiver 61 in response to actual changes in the altitude of the sun, a heat receiver 61 called a one-sided arrangement method in which heliostats 60 are concentratedly arranged on the side where the effective area of the mirror can be increased. has been built.
- FIG. 13 in response to actual changes in the altitude of the sun, a heat receiver 61 called a one-sided arrangement method in which heliostats 60 are concentratedly arranged on the side where the effective area of the mirror can be increased.
- the heat receiver 61 has a structure in which a curved surface or a curved surface in which the heat receiving pipe 62 is arranged is approximated to a polyhedron in an angular range of 180 degrees or less of a half circumference when viewed from the upper surface.
- the longitudinal direction of the heat receiving tubes is arranged in the horizontal direction, and the actual received light distribution is higher in the center in the height direction of the heat receiving device body, so that the heat load of some of the heat receiving tubes 62 is increased.
- the front surface of the heat receiving pipe 62 is exposed to the outside so that it can receive sunlight incident light (the opening is indicated by reference numeral 63).
- FIGS. 16 and 17 are cross-sectional views taken along line XVI-XVI in FIG.
- a heat medium circulation pipe 73 heat exchange heat receiving pipe
- the light receiving surface 75 of the heat collector is formed by the outer peripheral surface of the heat medium flow pipe 73 exposed inside the heat collector.
- the heat medium introduction part 71 is in the central part of the heat medium flow pipe 73
- the heat medium lead-out part 72 is in the outer peripheral part of the heat medium flow pipe 73, so that the heat medium in the heat medium flow pipe 73 is spiral. It circulates from the center to the outer periphery.
- the light receiving surface 75 of the heat collector 74 is formed in a curved shape that converges toward the sunlight inlet.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and prevents the problem that the heat receiving tube is locally heated to exceed the service temperature, and is caused by radiation heat loss or convective heat loss from the heat receiving tube.
- the purpose is to provide a solar concentrating receiver that can efficiently transfer heat energy from sunlight by preventing a decrease in conversion efficiency of the receiver to the output heat energy of the incident energy of sunlight. Is.
- the present invention is a solar light collecting heat receiver having a heat exchange heat receiving pipe that receives sunlight rays collected by a heliostat and transmits the sunlight rays to a heat medium
- the exchange heat receiving pipe is composed of an outward heat receiving pipe arranged on the upstream side in the incident direction, and a return heat receiving pipe connected to the outward heat receiving pipe via a U-shaped pipe on the downstream side in the incident direction.
- the return path heat receiving pipe is arranged with its position shifted in the lateral direction perpendicular to the height direction when viewed from the incident direction of the sunlight.
- a heat exchange heat receiving pipe that transmits the energy of solar rays to an internal heat medium is connected to an outward heat receiving pipe disposed on the upstream side in the incident direction, and the forward heat receiving pipe. It is composed of a return heat receiving pipe connected via a U-shaped tube and downstream of the incident direction, and the outward heat receiving pipe and the return heat receiving pipe are arranged in a lateral direction perpendicular to the height direction when viewed from the incident direction of sunlight. Since the positions are shifted, for example, the forward heat receiving pipe and the return heat receiving pipe can be alternately arranged at the sunlight incident position.
- the temperature of the heat medium circulating in the forward heat receiving pipe and the backward heat receiving pipe can be stably increased.
- the temperature of the entire heat exchange heat receiving pipe composed of the forward heat receiving pipe and the return heat receiving pipe is increased uniformly, and the return heat receiving pipe downstream of the incident direction in which the temperature of the heat medium becomes higher becomes a trap of the forward heat receiving pipe.
- the amount of received heat can be reliably reduced, and the temperature rise on the surface of the heat receiving tube can be suppressed.
- the heat receiving tube in the conventional system is locally heated and the problem of exceeding the service temperature can be prevented, and heat energy can be efficiently transferred from sunlight.
- a reflecting mirror may be provided on the downstream side in the incident direction of the return heat pipe.
- the outward path heat receiving tube is arranged by shifting the position in the lateral direction perpendicular to the height direction when viewed from the incident direction of the sunbeam. Sunlight reflected through the gap between the return pipe and the return heat pipe can be reflected by the reflecting mirror. Further, the reflected light of the reflecting mirror can be applied to the back surfaces of the forward heat receiving tube and the return heat receiving tube described above, and the forward heat receiving tube and the return heat receiving tube can be heated from the back surface.
- the outgoing heat receiving pipe and the return heat receiving pipe can be heated from both the front side surface and the rear surface by the sunlight, and also in this respect, the entire heat exchange heat receiving pipe composed of the outgoing heat receiving pipe and the return heat receiving pipe is The temperature can be increased evenly. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the problem that the heat receiving tube is locally heated and exceeds the service temperature as in the conventional case.
- the heat exchange heat receiving pipes are arranged by shifting the positions of the outward heat receiving pipe and the backward heat receiving pipe in the lateral direction perpendicular to the height direction when viewed from the incident direction of the solar light. It may be provided.
- the outgoing heat receiving tubes and the return heat receiving tubes are provided with a plurality of positions shifted in the lateral direction perpendicular to the height direction, so that the sunlight incident position
- the temperature of the entire heat exchange heat receiving pipe composed of a combination of a plurality of forward path heat receiving pipes and return path heat receiving pipes can be increased uniformly.
- a reflecting body for converting the direction of solar light passing through the gap of the heat exchange heat receiving tube may be provided on the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror.
- the reflector for converting the direction of the sunlight that passes through the gap between the heat exchange heat receiving tubes is provided on the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror, the reflected light of the reflector is upstream of the incident direction by the reflector. Returning can be prevented, and the back surface of the heat exchange heat receiving tube can be irradiated by the reflected light, converted into heat energy, and added to the energy output of the heat receiver.
- a heat exchange heat receiving pipe that transmits the energy of solar rays to an internal heat medium is provided with an outward heat receiving pipe disposed on the upstream side in the incident direction, and the forward heat receiving pipe is U-shaped. And a return heat receiving pipe connected downstream of the incident direction, and the forward heat receiving pipe and the return heat receiving pipe are positioned in the lateral direction perpendicular to the height direction when viewed from the incident direction of the solar radiation. Since the arrangement is shifted, for example, the forward heat receiving pipe and the backward heat receiving pipe can be alternately arranged at the incident position of sunlight.
- the temperature of the heat medium circulating through the forward heat receiving pipe and the backward heat receiving pipe can be stably increased, and the temperature of the entire heat exchange heat receiving pipe composed of the forward heat receiving pipe and the backward heat receiving pipe can be increased uniformly.
- the return heat receiving pipe downstream of the incident direction in which the temperature of the heat medium increases becomes a trap of the forward heat receiving pipe, so that the amount of received light can be reliably reduced, and the temperature rise of the heat receiving pipe surface can be suppressed.
- an increase in temperature near the outlet of the heat receiving pipe can be suppressed.
- the heat receiving tube in the conventional system is locally heated and the problem of exceeding the service temperature can be prevented, and heat energy can be efficiently transmitted from sunlight.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a positional relationship between a heliostat and a solar light collecting heat receiver on a tower.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the solar light collecting heat receiver, where (a) is a front view, (b) is a side sectional view, and (c) is a transverse sectional view.
- FIG. 3 is a table summarizing the relationship between the position of the heat receiving tube, the solar radiation degree, the temperature, the shape factor, and the heat flow rate.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the position of the heat receiving tube, the temperature, and the heat flow rate.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a positional relationship between the heat receiver main body and the heat receiving pipe.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing an example of the positional relationship between the heat receiver body and the forward heat receiving pipe, the U-shaped pipe, and the return heat receiving pipe constituting the heat exchange heat receiving pipe, where (a) is a plan view and (b) (C) is a figure which shows an inlet header and an outlet header.
- FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the positional relationship between the inner wall surface of the heat receiver body, the outward heat receiving pipe, and the return heat receiving pipe.
- FIG. 8 is explanatory drawing 1 explaining the sunlight of the reflecting mirror provided with the mountain-shaped projection.
- FIG. 9 is explanatory drawing 2 explaining the sunlight of the reflecting mirror provided with the mountain-shaped protrusion.
- FIG. 10 is a plan view showing an arrangement example of a 360-degree all-round heliostat.
- FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a 360-degree all-around heat collecting heat receiver.
- FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a 360-degree all-around heat collecting cavity type heat receiver.
- FIG. 13 is a plan view showing an arrangement example of the riostat on one side.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the heat receiver for placing the riostat on one side.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an appearance of a tower with the heat receiver shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sunlight collecting heat receiver.
- 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XVI-XVI in FIG.
- Example 1 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
- What is denoted by reference numeral 1 is a heliostat field provided in the ground G.
- a heliostat field 1 On this heliostat field 1, a plurality of heliostats 2 for reflecting sunlight are arranged, and at the southern end of the heliostat field 1, tower-shaped sunlight that receives the sunlight guided by the heliostat 2 is arranged.
- a condensing heat receiver 100 is provided.
- the place suitable for the location of solar thermal power generation on the earth is a dry area of the subtropical high-pressure zone where direct solar radiation from the sun is strong and close to a good regression line.
- the tower-type solar concentrating heat receiver 100 is built and the arrangement of deploying the heliostat 2 on the north side is selected.
- the tower-type solar light collecting heat receiver 100 includes a tower unit 3 standing on the ground G and a light collecting heat receiver 10 installed on the tower unit 3.
- the condenser heat receiver 10 includes a heat receiver body 11 serving as a casing and a heat exchange receiver provided on the downstream side of the sunlight incident direction (direction of arrow S) in the heat receiver body 11.
- the inner wall 13 of the heat receiver body 11 provided with the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 is formed in a polygonal shape.
- reference numeral 14A denotes a heat receiving pipe installation portion installed so as to face an opening in the northwest direction
- reference numeral 14B denotes an opening in the north and west direction.
- the heat receiving pipe installation part, 14C is installed in the north-east direction
- the heat receiving pipe installation part 14D is installed in the north-east direction. Shows the part.
- an opening 11A for taking sunlight into the heat receiver body 11 is provided, and a shutter 15 is provided in the opening 11A.
- the shutter 15 is configured to quickly block and shield the entire opening 11A based on the trip command in order to stop the energy supply when the solar heat utilization system is abnormal and to prevent the heat receiving pipe from being burnt down to prevent the heat medium amount of the heat receiver from decreasing due to the system abnormality. Operate.
- the shape of the opening 11A is horizontally long, and both end portions are circular according to the spot diameter of the sunlight.
- the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 disposed in the light collecting heat receiver 10 includes an outward heat receiving pipe 16 located upstream of the incident direction of sunlight (in the direction of arrow S), and the outward heat receiving pipe 16.
- the outward heat receiving pipe 16 are connected via a U-shaped pipe 17 and have a two-pass structure including a return heat receiving pipe 18 disposed downstream in the incident direction (arrow S direction).
- a plurality of these heat exchange heat receiving tubes 12 are installed in the heat receiving tube installation portions 14A to 14D so that the lower portion is supported by the heat receiver main body 11 so as to be substantially upright.
- Each forward heat receiving pipe 16 of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 is connected to a heat receiving pipe inlet header 20 to which a heat medium is supplied, and each return heat receiving pipe 18 of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 is a heated heat medium.
- the heat receiving pipe outlet header 21 is discharged.
- the heat medium discharged from the heat receiving pipe outlet header 21 is supplied directly or to a heat exchanger (not shown), and the prime mover turbine is driven by the secondary heat medium generated by the heat exchanger to generate power and the like. It is like that.
- the heliostat 2 on the solar field 1 and the forward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 constituting the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 of the light collecting heat receiver 10 have the following positional relationship. That is, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 (b), the sun rays (indicated by reference numeral H ⁇ b> 1) from the heliostat 2 located at the nearest nearest point close to the condenser heat receiver 10 are the upper part of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12. SP1 is irradiated, and the solar ray (indicated by symbol H2) from the heliostat 2 located at an intermediate point (intermediate between the nearest point and the farthest point) from the condenser heat receiver 10 is intermediate the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12.
- a depression angle (indicated by ⁇ in FIG. 1), which is an installation angle of the heat receiver main body 11, is set.
- the solar light at the nearest point (indicated by reference numeral H1) at which the solar radiation intensity becomes “strong” irradiates the upper part SP1 of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12, and the solar radiation intensity at the intermediate point at which the solar radiation intensity becomes “medium”.
- Sunlight indicated by reference numeral H2 irradiates the intermediate portion SP2 of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12, and the farthest solar light (indicated by reference numeral H3) at which the solar radiation intensity becomes “weak” is the lower part of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12. Irradiate SP3.
- the upper part SP1 of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 is high in sunlight rays (indicated by reference numeral H1) where the solar radiation intensity is “strong”, the distance from the opening 11A of the heat receiver main body 11 is large. As a result, the view factor causing radiant heat loss is reduced.
- the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 (return heat receiving pipe 18) on the side has a small “form factor” that causes radiant heat loss, and is near the center (U-shaped pipe) with respect to the flow direction of the heat medium in the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 17)) is increased, thereby suppressing the “heat flow rate” in the vicinity of the heat receiving pipe outlet header 21 where the heat medium temperature approaches the maximum temperature and exceeding the allowable temperature of the material constituting the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 Can be avoided.
- the distance between the upper portion where the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 becomes high temperature and the opening 11A can be increased.
- the shape factor of the high-temperature pipe that causes radiant heat loss is reduced.
- heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 including the forward path heat receiving pipe 16, the U-shaped pipe 17, and the return path heat receiving pipe 18
- These heat exchange heat receiving pipes 12 form a set of three to form one heat receiving pipe body 30 (hereinafter, the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 having such a set of three as a set will be referred to as the heat receiving pipe body 30).
- the heat receiving pipe body 30 two of the three heat exchange heat receiving pipes 12 are arranged so as to be parallel to each other (indicated by reference numerals 12A and 12B), and the two heat exchange heat receiving pipes 12 arranged in parallel are arranged.
- One heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 is arranged so as to straddle from above (indicated by reference numeral 12C). Further, in each heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 of the heat receiving pipe body 30, the forward heat receiving pipes 16 are arranged at regular intervals along the inner wall surface 13 on the upstream side in the incident direction (arrow S direction), and the incident direction ( The return heat receiving pipes 18 are arranged at regular intervals along the inner wall surface 13 on the downstream side in the direction of arrow S). That is, the front heat receiving pipe 16 to which the heat medium is supplied is the front side where the heat load is high, and the back heat receiving pipe 18 is the rear side where the heat load is low.
- the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 having the two-pass structure in which the forward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 are connected by the U-shaped pipe 17, the U-shaped pipe 17, the forward heat receiving pipe 16, and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 are connected to each other.
- the upper part is opened, thereby easily absorbing the dimensional deformation due to heat and making it difficult to generate thermal stress.
- the heat receiving pipe body 30 can be easily supported from the inner wall surface 13 side of the heat receiver main body 11.
- each heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 of the heat receiving pipe body 30 the forward heat receiving pipe 16 and the return heat receiving pipe 18 are arranged in a height direction so as to be staggered when viewed from the incident direction of sunlight (arrow S direction). The positions are shifted in the orthogonal horizontal direction. As a result, the front surface of either the forward heat receiving pipe 16 or the backward heat receiving pipe 18 can be irradiated with sunlight.
- a heat receiving pipe body 30 has an interval 40 between the forward heat receiving pipes 16, an interval 40 between the backward heat receiving pipes 18, and the heat receiving pipe 16 and the receiving pipe 16 at each part of the inner wall surface 13 forming a polygon.
- a plurality of intervals 40 are arranged so that the interval 40 between the heat pipe 18 and the interval 40 between the reflecting mirror 34 and the heat receiving tubes 16 and 18 described later are substantially equal.
- FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 as viewed from the incident direction of sunlight (arrow S direction). Then, as can be seen with reference to (b) of FIG. 6, the forward heat receiving pipes 16 and the backward heat receiving pipes 18 are alternately arranged at the sunlight incident position, and thereby the arrows (X), (Y ), The temperature of the heat medium circulating in the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 can be stably increased.
- the temperature of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 does not localize as a whole, the temperature rises evenly as a whole, and the return heat receiving pipe 18 downstream in the incident direction (arrow S direction) in which the temperature of the heat medium becomes higher
- the amount of received light can be surely reduced, the temperature rise of the surface of the return path heat receiving pipe 18 can be suppressed, and the temperature rise especially near the outlet of the heat receiving pipe. Can be suppressed.
- a temperature sensor 31 is provided at the top of the U-shaped tube 17 of each heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 to monitor whether or not the heat medium flowing through the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 exceeds an allowable temperature. is doing.
- the inner wall surface 13 of the heat receiver body 11 on the downstream side in the incident direction (direction of arrow S) of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 is provided with a heat insulating material 32 and a cooling air passage 33.
- a reflecting mirror 34 serving as a reflecting surface 34A for sunlight is provided.
- the reflecting mirror 34 is provided at a lower portion of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12, that is, a portion where the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the return heat receiving pipe 18 except the U-shaped pipe 17 are arranged.
- the reflected light of the sunlight rays incident through the gap 40 of the heat pipe 18 is irradiated to the back surfaces of the forward path heat receiving pipe 16 and the return path heat receiving pipe 18 to be converted into thermal energy.
- the reflecting mirror 34 returns the radiant heat generated from the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 to the back surface of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 and effectively uses it for stable heating of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12.
- the amount of heat generated toward the heat sink is reduced, and the adiabatic cooling structure of the heat receiver body 11 is simplified.
- a plurality of mountain-shaped projections 35 are provided on the reflecting surface 34 ⁇ / b> A of the reflecting mirror 34. These mountain-shaped projections 35 are arranged on the reflecting surface 34A of the reflecting mirror 34 with a predetermined interval, and are incident on the sunlight rays that are incident through the gap 40 between the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18. The reflection angle with respect to the angle is made discontinuously different, so that the reflected light of the sunlight that has entered through the gap 40 does not return to the upstream side in the incident direction (arrow S direction) through the gap 40.
- action of the sunlight which reflects with the reflective mirror 34 which provided the mountain-shaped protrusion 35 is demonstrated.
- the sun rays incident through the gap 40 are upstream of the incident direction (arrow S direction) through another gap 40. May return to the side.
- the reflecting mirror 34 provided with the chevron projections 35 is incident through the gap 40 between the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 as indicated by reference signs A to E and a to e.
- the reflection angle of the incident sunlight with respect to the incident angle is made discontinuously different so that the reflected light of the sunlight does not return to the upstream side in the incident direction (in the direction of arrow S) through the gap 40, and these outgoing paths are received.
- the solar rays indicated by reference signs E and e show an example in which the solar rays incident through the gap 40 are not returned to the upstream side through another gap 40 by the reflecting mirror 34 without the mountain-shaped protrusion 35. .
- the reflected light of sunlight incident through the gap 40 can be directly converted and effectively used for heating the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12, and the inner wall surface 13 of the heat receiver body 11 is further reflected by the reflecting mirror 34.
- the reflecting surface 34A it is possible to suppress an increase in heat load due to heat conversion of the heat receiver body 11 and radiant heating and high temperature, and the heat insulating structure of the heat receiver body 11 can be greatly simplified.
- the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 that transmits the energy of solar rays to the internal heat medium is provided upstream in the incident direction (arrow S direction).
- the forward heat receiving pipes 16 and the backward heat receiving pipes 18 are alternately arranged.
- the temperature of the heat medium circulating in the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 can be stably increased, and the entire heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 composed of the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 is evenly distributed.
- the temperature can be raised.
- the return heat receiving pipe 18 downstream in the incident direction (in the direction of arrow S) in which the temperature of the heat medium increases becomes a trap of the forward heat receiving pipe 16, so that the amount of received light can be reliably reduced.
- the temperature rise on the surface of the heat tube 18 can be suppressed.
- the heat receiving tube in the conventional system is locally heated and the problem of exceeding the service temperature can be prevented, and heat energy can be efficiently transmitted from sunlight.
- the reflecting mirror 34 is provided on the downstream side in the sunlight incident direction (arrow S direction) of the return heat receiving pipe 18.
- the reflected light of the reflecting mirror 34 can be used by effectively irradiating the back heat receiving pipe 16 and the return heat receiving pipe 18 with the reflected light to convert the heat into the heat receiving pipe 16 and the return heat receiving pipe 18. 18 can be heated from the back.
- the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 can be heated from both the front side surface and the back surface by the sunlight, and also in this respect, the heat exchange receiving pipe composed of the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 is received.
- the temperature of the entire heat pipe 12 can be increased uniformly. As a result, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of the problem that the heat receiving tube is locally heated and exceeds the service temperature as in the conventional case.
- the forward heat receiving tube 16 and the return heat receiving tube 18 are high.
- the temperature of the heat medium circulating through the plurality of forward heat receiving pipes 16 and the return heat receiving pipe 18 is stably raised at the sunlight incident position. be able to.
- the temperature of the entire heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 including the combination of the plurality of forward path heat receiving pipes 16 and the return path heat receiving pipe 18 can be increased uniformly.
- a mountain-shaped protrusion 35 that converts the direction of the solar rays passing between the heat exchange heat receiving tubes 12 is provided on the light reflecting surface 34A of the reflecting mirror 34. Since the projections 35 are provided, the reflection angle of the reflected light with respect to the incident angle of the sunlight entering through the gap 40 between the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 is made different by the angled projection 35 so that the reflected light of the reflecting mirror 34 is incident direction ( It is possible to prevent the return to the upstream side in the direction of arrow S), irradiate the back surface of the heat exchange heat receiving pipe 12 with the reflected light, convert it into heat energy, and add it to the energy output of the heat receiver 100.
- the outward heat receiving pipe 16 and the backward heat receiving pipe 18 arranged in a staggered pattern are used to determine whether sunlight can sufficiently transfer heat to the heat receiving pipes 16 and 18 and to the reflecting mirror 34.
- the intervals 40 are determined in consideration of whether the sunlight is reflected. For example, the same intervals are determined according to the sunlight irradiation state in each of the heat receiving pipe installation portions 14A to 14D. Instead of 40, the interval 40 may be changed as appropriate.
- the shape of the projection 35 serving as the reflector is not limited to the mountain shape, and a trapezoidal shape, a hemispherical shape, or the like may be adopted as appropriate.
- the present invention is used in solar thermal power generation devices, solar thermal chemical plants, etc., condensing sunlight and converting it into high-temperature thermal energy, and efficiently transmitting the thermal energy to a heat medium by heat conduction It relates to a heat receiver.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2009年3月30日に日本出願された特願2009-081823に基づいて優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
本発明の対象となるタワー集光方式では、発電プラント用の場合の発電サイクルの高効率化のために、太陽光集光受熱器にて熱交換に使用される熱媒体について、従来よりも高温化に対応した開発が行われている。
高温化を実施した場合には、熱媒体の高温化により、受熱器の受熱管材料の使用温度がその許容温度に極めて近づくことに加え、受熱器において局所的な温度の相違が発生して、安定した集熱に関して問題があった。
図10に示すようにヘリオスタット50がタワー51の360度全周に配置されることに対応して、図11に示すような、全周から集光・集熱を行うタワー型の受熱器52が開発されたが、受熱管53が外部へ露出する構造であるために、対流や輻射熱損が多いという問題があった。このため、図12に示すような、該受熱管53をケーシング54の内部に置いたキャビティ型の受熱器55が開発された。
このため、近年、図13に示すような、実際の太陽の高度変化に対応して、鏡の有効面積が大きく取れる側にヘリオスタット60を集中配置する、片側配置方式と呼称される受熱器61が建設されている。この受熱器61は、図14に示すように、上面より見て半周の180度以下の角度範囲に、受熱管62を配置した曲面又は曲面を多面体に近似させた構造となっている。この受熱器61は、受熱管の長手方向が水平方向に配置されており、実際の受光分布は受熱器本体の高さ方向について中央部が高いことより、一部の受熱管62の熱負荷が高くなる傾向にあり、更に図15に示すように受熱管62の前面が日射入光を受けることができるように外に向けて開口露出している(開口部を符号63で示す)。
また、熱媒体導入部71は熱媒体流通管73の中央部、熱媒体導出部72は該熱媒体流通管73の外周部にあり、これによって該熱媒体流通管73内の熱媒体は、螺旋の中央から外周に向けて流通する。また、前記集熱体74の受光面75は、太陽光導入口に向って収束する湾曲状に形成されている。
このため、熱媒体流通管73である受熱管の温度を材料の耐熱限界以内に抑えるために、高精度の受光位置制御を行うことにより、局所的な熱負荷の過負荷により発生する熱応力歪や材料強度低下による受熱器の破損防止を図る必要がある。また、受熱管からの輻射熱損や対流熱損が多く、部分的な受熱管の高温化により益々顕在化すると考えられる。更に、集熱体74となる受熱器の外側の太陽光が当たらない側の受熱管壁面と、該受熱器の内側の太陽光が当たる側の受熱管壁面との温度差が大きくなるという問題も含有している。
この場合、復路受熱管の(太陽光線)入射方向下流側に反射鏡を設けたので、太陽光線の入射方向から見て高さ方向と直交する横方向に位置をずらして配置された往路受熱管と復路受熱管との隙間を通じて入った太陽光線を、該反射鏡で反射することができる。そして、さらに該反射鏡の反射光を、前述した往路受熱管と復路受熱管の背面に照射することができ、これら往路受熱管と復路受熱管を背面から加熱することができる。すなわち、太陽光線により、往路受熱管と復路受熱管を、前側面と背面の両方から加熱することができ、この点においても、往路受熱管と復路受熱管とからなる熱交換受熱管の全体を均等に温度上昇させることができる。その結果、従来のような、受熱管が局部的に熱せられて、耐用温度を越えるという問題発生を防止することが可能となる。
本発明の一実施例を図1~図9を参照して説明する。符号1で示すものは、グランドGに設けられたヘリオスタットフィールドである。このヘリオスタットフィールド1上には、太陽光線を反射するための複数のヘリオスタット2が配置され、ヘリオスタットフィールド1の南端には、ヘリオスタット2で導かれた太陽光線を受けるタワー状の太陽光集光受熱器100が設けられている。
なお、地球上で太陽熱発電の立地に適する場所は、太陽からの直速日射が強く良好な回帰線に近い亜熱帯高圧帯の乾燥地域である。日中の太陽高度が高く発電に適する時間帯は太陽の位置が年間を通じ北半球では南側にあることより、ヘリオスタット2のCOS効率がより良好な場所に配置を考慮の結果、ソーラーフィールド1の南端にタワー型太陽光集光受熱器100を建て、ヘリオスタット2を北側に展開する配置を選択することが好ましいとされる。
集光受熱器10は、図2に示されるように、ケーシングとなる受熱器本体11と、該受熱器本体11内の太陽光線入射方向(矢印S方向)の下流側に設けられた熱交換受熱管12と、から構成されるものであって、該熱交換受熱管12が設けられる受熱器本体11の内壁面13は、多角形状に形成されている。
なお、多角形状に形成された受熱器本体11の内壁面13において、符号14Aは、北西方向の開口に向くように設置された受熱管設置部、符号14Bは、北々西方向の開口に向くように設置された受熱管設置部、符号14Cは、北々東方向の開口に向くように設置された受熱管設置部、符号14Dは、北東方向の開口に向くように設置された受熱管設置部を示している。
前記熱交換受熱管12の各往路受熱管16は、熱媒体が供給される受熱管入口ヘッダ20が接続され、また、該熱交換受熱管12の各復路受熱管18は、加熱された熱媒体を排出する受熱管出口ヘッダ21が接続されている。そして、受熱管出口ヘッダ21から排出された熱媒体は、直接又は図示しない熱交換器に供給され、該熱交換器で発生した二次の熱媒によって原動機タービンが駆動され、発電等が行われるようになっている。
すなわち、図1及び図2(b)に示すように、集光受熱器10に近い最も近い最近点に位置するヘリオスタット2からの太陽光線(符号H1で示す)が熱交換受熱管12の上部SP1を照射し、また、集光受熱器10から中間点(最近点と最遠点との中間)に位置するヘリオスタット2からの太陽光線(符号H2で示す)が熱交換受熱管12の中間部SP2を照射し、また、集光受熱器10に近い最も遠い最遠点に位置するヘリオスタット2からの太陽光線(符号H3で示す)が熱交換受熱管12の下部SP3を照射するように、受熱器本体11の設置角度である俯角(図1にαで示す)が設定されている。
具体的には、このようなヘリオスタット2と熱交換受熱管12との位置関係によって、図3及び図4に示すように、前側の熱交換受熱管12(往路受熱管16)に比べて後側の熱交換受熱管12(復路受熱管18)は、輻射熱損原因となる「形態係数」が小さくなり、かつ熱交換受熱管12内の熱媒体の流れ方向に対し中央部付近(U字管17付近)の「熱流速」が高くなり、これによって熱媒体温度が最高温度に近づく受熱管出口ヘッダ21付近の「熱流速」を抑えて、熱交換受熱管12を構成する材料の許容温度超過を回避可能とする。
(1)熱交換受熱管12内の熱媒体の流れ方向に対し中央部付近の熱流速が高くなって、熱媒体温度が最高温度に近づく受熱管出口ヘッダ21付近の熱流速を最小となることにより、熱交換受熱管12を構成する材料の許容温度超過を確実に回避する。
(2)熱交換受熱管12の表面からの輻射及び対流放熱損を最小とするために、キヤビティ構造を採用し、熱交換受熱管12の高温部が外部に曝露する面積を最小とし、更に熱損失となる太陽光線が入射される開口部11Aからの輻射や対流損失を最小とするために、熱交換受熱管12が高温となる上部箇所と、開口部11Aの距離が大きく取れるようにし、更に高温の復路受熱管18の開口部11A側に低温の往路受熱管16を配することにより、輻射熱損原因となる高温部配管の形態係数を小さくする。
これら熱交換受熱管12は3本で組をなすことで、1つの受熱配管体30が構成されている(このような3本を一組とする熱交換受熱管12を以下、受熱配管体30と表現する)。受熱配管体30では、3本の熱交換受熱管12の内、2本が互いに平行となるように配置され(符号12A・12Bで示す)、該平行配置された2本の熱交換受熱管12を上側から跨ぐように1本の熱交換受熱管12が配置されている(符号12Cで示す)。
また、受熱配管体30の各熱交換受熱管12においては、入射方向(矢印S方向)の上流側にて内壁面13に沿うように往路受熱管16が一定間隔で配置され、かつ入射方向(矢印S方向)の下流側にて内壁面13に沿うように復路受熱管18が一定間隔で配置されている。すなわち、熱負荷が高い前側を熱媒体が供給される往路受熱管16とし、熱負荷が低い後側を復路受熱管18としている。
このような往路受熱管16と復路受熱管18とがU字管17で接続された2パス構造の熱交換受熱管12では、U字管17と、往路受熱管16と復路受熱管18との下部を受熱器本体11にて支持することで、上部側が開放され、これによって熱による寸法変形を容易に吸収し、熱応力が発生し難い構造としている。また、隣接する受熱配管体30の間に隙間が確保されることにより、受熱器本体11の内壁面13側から該受熱配管体30の支持が容易となる。
このような受熱配管体30は、図7に示すように多角形を形成する内壁面13の各部において、往路受熱管16同士の間隔40、復路受熱管18同士の間隔40、受熱管16と受熱管18との間隔40、及び後述する反射鏡34と受熱管16・18との間隔40が、ほぼ等しくなるように複数配置されている。
また、各熱交換受熱管12のU字管17の頂上部には、温度センサ31が設けられており、熱交換受熱管12内を流通する熱媒体が許容温度以上となるか否かを監視している。
これらの図において、山型突起35が無い反射鏡34では、符号M、mに示されるように、隙間40を通じて入射された太陽光線が、別の隙間40を通じて入射方向(矢印S方向)の上流側に戻る場合がある。
しかし、本実施例のように、山型突起35を設けた反射鏡34では、符号A~E、a~eで示されるように、往路受熱管16及び復路受熱管18の隙間40を通じて入射された太陽光線の入射角度に対する反射角度を不連続に異ならせ、これによって該太陽光線の反射光を、該隙間40を通じて入射方向(矢印S方向)の上流側に戻らないようにし、かつこれら往路受熱管16及び復路受熱管18の背面側に照射させて、受熱管16・18上で熱に変えて有効に利用することができる。また、符号E、eに示される太陽光線は、山型突起35が無い反射鏡34にて、隙間40を通じて入射された太陽光線が、別の隙間40を通じて上流側に戻らない例を示している。
10 集光受熱器
12 熱交換受熱管
16 往路受熱管
17 U字管
18 復路受熱管
34 反射鏡
35 山型突起(反射体)
40 間隔
100 タワー型太陽光集光受熱器
Claims (4)
- ヘリオスタットにより集光された太陽光線を受光して、熱媒体へ伝達する熱交換受熱管を備えた太陽光集光受熱器であって、
該熱交換受熱管は、入射方向上流側に配置された往路受熱管と、この該往路受熱管にU字管を介して接続されて入射方向下流側の復路受熱管とから構成され、
往路受熱管と復路受熱管とは、太陽光線の入射方向から見て、高さ方向と直交する横方向に位置をずらして配置されている太陽光集光受熱器。 - 前記復路受熱管の入射方向下流側に反射鏡が設けられている請求項1に記載の太陽光集光受熱器。
- 前記熱交換受熱管は、太陽光線の入射方向から見て、往路受熱管、復路受熱管を高さ方向と直交する横方向にそれぞれ位置をずらして複数設けられている請求項1又は2に記載の太陽光集光受熱器。
- 前記反射鏡の反射面には、熱交換受熱管の間隙を通過する太陽光線の方向を変換する反射体が設けられている請求項2又は3に記載の太陽光集光受熱器。
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- 2009-10-30 AU AU2009344009A patent/AU2009344009B2/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
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AU2009344009B2 (en) | 2012-12-20 |
US20100242949A1 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
EP2416086A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
JP2010236699A (ja) | 2010-10-21 |
ZA201102622B (en) | 2012-04-25 |
US8360053B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
JP5342301B2 (ja) | 2013-11-13 |
AU2009344009A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
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