WO2010095420A1 - 表面検査装置および表面検査方法 - Google Patents
表面検査装置および表面検査方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010095420A1 WO2010095420A1 PCT/JP2010/000954 JP2010000954W WO2010095420A1 WO 2010095420 A1 WO2010095420 A1 WO 2010095420A1 JP 2010000954 W JP2010000954 W JP 2010000954W WO 2010095420 A1 WO2010095420 A1 WO 2010095420A1
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- diffracted light
- light
- incident angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/956—Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/9501—Semiconductor wafers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L22/00—Testing or measuring during manufacture or treatment; Reliability measurements, i.e. testing of parts without further processing to modify the parts as such; Structural arrangements therefor
- H01L22/10—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process
- H01L22/12—Measuring as part of the manufacturing process for structural parameters, e.g. thickness, line width, refractive index, temperature, warp, bond strength, defects, optical inspection, electrical measurement of structural dimensions, metallurgic measurement of diffusions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B2210/00—Aspects not specifically covered by any group under G01B, e.g. of wheel alignment, caliper-like sensors
- G01B2210/56—Measuring geometric parameters of semiconductor structures, e.g. profile, critical dimensions or trench depth
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
- H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface inspection apparatus and method capable of detecting a CD defect of a wafer surface defect or line width (or hole diameter) in a semiconductor manufacturing process.
- Recent semiconductor devices tend to have finer patterns in order to increase processing speed, lower power consumption, and increase storage capacity.
- CD abbreviation of critical dimension
- the cross-sectional shape of the photoresist pattern formed on the wafer surface changes.
- the amount of exposure varies due to fluctuations in scanning speed, and the CD value fluctuates.
- the CD value becomes out of specification or causes disconnection.
- the phenomenon in question is complex. If early detection / problem cannot be solved, many lots will become defective and suffer large losses.
- defect detection immediately after the exposure process and CD value management are very important.
- a semiconductor wafer is irradiated with illumination light to receive diffracted light from a repetitive pattern on the wafer, and the diffracted light from the defect changes the CD value because the CD value is different.
- a method of detecting defects using this fact is very effective and put into practical use (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- Such a defect inspection apparatus called a macro inspection apparatus has a high throughput due to the whole surface batch imaging of the wafer, and is therefore very active in the production line.
- there is a limit to high-resolution inspection in a minute region and quantitative output of the CD value fluctuation amount due to the nature of the apparatus.
- CD-SEM Critical-Dimension Scanning Electron Microscope
- L & S line width of a line and space
- C / H diameter of a contact hole
- C / H the diameter of a contact hole
- C / H the adjacent C / H.
- the interval can be measured and output as a CD value so that it can be quantitatively determined whether the CD value is within the standard.
- the CD-SEM is active as a measuring machine, it takes about 5 seconds to measure one point, so it is difficult to measure the entire wafer surface. At present, several points are measured and managed by sampling inspection of about one piece per lot.
- the uppermost layer 500 forming the inspection surface (surface) of the semiconductor wafer 5 (hereinafter referred to as the wafer 5) is a photoresist. Holes 510 are formed with a repetition period 520. Under the uppermost layer 500, there is a layer 530 having etching resistance, and a deep hole having a uniform cross-sectional shape is formed in the lower layer by an etching technique. A gate line 550 is provided below the layer 530 having etching resistance with an insulating layer 540 interposed therebetween.
- diffracted light is generated from the contact hole 510.
- diffracted light in the regular reflection direction is referred to as 0th-order diffracted light 600.
- the angle formed with the adjacent diffracted light depends on the wavelength of the light 560 and the repetition period 520 of the contact hole 510. The shorter the wavelength of the light 560 and the larger the repetition period 520, the more the adjacent diffracted light becomes. The corner becomes smaller.
- the intensity of each diffracted light depends not only on the wavelength of the light 560, the transmittance / absorption / film thickness of the uppermost layer 500, the CD value of the contact hole 510, but also the cross-sectional shape of the contact hole 510. .
- the intensity of diffracted light is determined based on the above relationship. Therefore, when the CD value or the cross-sectional shape of the contact hole 510 changes due to problems such as focus fluctuation or exposure quantity fluctuation in the exposure process, the amount of diffracted light changes, and the defect can be detected from the amount of change.
- the light 560 becomes transmitted light 570 that passes through the uppermost layer 500, and reaches the gate line 550 through the layer 530 and the insulating layer 540 having etching resistance. As a result, diffracted light 580 is also generated from the gate line 550.
- the repetition period 590 of the gate line 550 is the same as the repetition period 520 of the contact hole 510, the 0th-order diffracted light 700, the first-order diffracted light 710, the second-order diffracted light 720 of the gate line 550 emitted from the uppermost layer 500,
- the third-order diffracted light 730 has the same diffraction angle as the 0th-order diffracted light 600, the first-order diffracted light 610, the second-order diffracted light 620, and the third-order diffracted light 630 in the contact hole 510 of the uppermost layer 500, respectively.
- the orders of the diffracted lights 600 to 630 from the uppermost layer 500 are different in the integral multiple orders.
- the diffracted lights 700 to 730 from the gate line 550 are mixed. If the wavelength of the light 560 has a certain width, the diffracted lights 700 to 730 from the gate line 550 may be mixed with the diffracted lights 600 to 630 from the uppermost layer 500 depending on the wavelength. If each diffracted light 700 to 730 from the gate line 550 is always constant, it is possible to detect a defect in the uppermost layer 500 by simply subtracting that amount. Variation will occur.
- the influence of the substrate varies from lot to lot, from wafer to wafer in the lot, and from the location on the wafer surface. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 34 (a) to (c). In addition, the same number is attached
- FIG. 34A shows the case where the height of the gate line 550 differs depending on the location.
- the insulating layer 540 is formed once, and then the CMP process is performed to make the height of the gate line 550 uniform.
- polishing is performed while rotating the wafer together with the polishing pad. At this time, the outer peripheral side of the wafer is excessively polished, and the height of the gate line 550 may be lowered.
- the intensity of the diffracted light is relatively sensitive to the fluctuation in the height direction, so that it is as if the CD value and the cross-sectional shape of the contact hole 510 in the uppermost layer 500 are It will appear that it has fluctuated on the outer peripheral side of the wafer.
- the influence varies depending on the wafer and lot due to the difference between the mounting position of the wafer and the polishing apparatus in the polishing state.
- FIG. 34 (b) shows a case where the thickness of the layer 530 having etching resistance becomes non-uniform due to, for example, unevenness or temperature management when performing CVD creation.
- the transmitted light 570 or the diffracted light 580 of the gate line 550 is transmitted through the etching resistant layer 530, the transmitted light amount or the absorbed light amount depends on the film thickness of the etching resistant layer 530. Become. Even if the substrate surface is uniform and not uneven, the difference between wafers and lots is the difference in substrate diffracted light.
- FIG. 34 (c) shows a case where a process management problem occurs in the stage of creating the gate line 550 and the gate line width itself changes. Since the diffracted light depends on the repetition period and the ratio of the line and the space, even if the repetition period 590 of the gate line 550 is the same, it changes as the gate line width changes.
- the diffracted light of the gate line 550 is taken as an example. Actually, however, not only the gate line 550 but also the diffracted light of the active region layer below it and various repetitive periods, Even if the effects of the groundwork, such as the order of diffracted light, are mentioned, it is extremely difficult to identify and discuss where the light is coming from.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and accurately detects the surface state of a semiconductor substrate, such as a defect in the uppermost layer and CD value fluctuations, even with diffracted light including the influence of the underlying layer.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a surface inspection apparatus and method capable of performing the above.
- a surface inspection apparatus includes an illumination unit that irradiates illumination light onto a surface of a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of layers, and a surface of the semiconductor substrate that is illuminated with the illumination light.
- the surface of the semiconductor substrate is irradiated with second illumination light incident on the surface
- the detection unit is configured to irradiate the surface of the semiconductor substrate with the first illumination light, and to generate the first diffracted light and the second illumination light.
- the second diffracted light generated by irradiation is detected, and the inspection unit is the semiconductor substrate most in the plurality of layers based on the information of the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light detected by the detecting unit.
- the change of the surface state is corrected by correcting the influence of the layers other than the uppermost layer close to the surface of the surface.
- the second incident angle is smaller than the first incident angle, and the second incident angle based on the first incident angle is based on the second diffracted light based on the second incident angle. It is preferable to detect a change in the surface state in which the influence of a layer other than the uppermost layer of one diffracted light is corrected.
- the illumination unit includes a polarization unit, and the first illumination light and the second illumination light include an S-polarized component with respect to the surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- the inspection unit may be configured to irradiate the first illumination light and the second illumination light onto the surface of a reference substrate whose surface state change amount is known. It is preferable to obtain the amount of change in the surface state in which the influence of the layers other than the uppermost layer is corrected using information on light and the second diffracted light.
- the illumination unit includes a first objective lens that guides light from a light source to the surface of the semiconductor substrate and irradiates the first illumination light, and light from the light source to the semiconductor substrate.
- a second objective lens that guides to the surface of the second illumination lens and irradiates the second illumination light, and a switching unit that selectively switches one of the first objective lens and the second objective lens and inserts it on the optical path It is preferable that it is comprised.
- the illumination unit includes a diaphragm member provided on a pupil plane or a plane conjugate with the pupil plane, and the diaphragm member transmits light from a light source through the first illumination unit. It is preferable to have the 1st opening part from which illumination light is obtained, and the 2nd opening part through which the light from a light source passes and the said 2nd illumination light is obtained.
- the first and second openings and the semiconductor substrate are relative to each other so that the detection unit can separately detect the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light. It is preferable that a position setting unit for setting the positional relationship is provided.
- the diaphragm member includes a displacement member that displaces the second opening on the pupil plane, and a distance from the optical axis to the second opening by the displacement member.
- the second incident angle may be changed by changing.
- the orders of the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light used in the inspection unit the wavelengths of the first illumination light and the second illumination light irradiated by the illumination unit.
- a condition determining unit that determines the second incident angle.
- the wavelengths of the first illumination light and the second illumination light are in a visible wavelength range.
- the detection unit detects the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light on a pupil plane or a pupil conjugate plane.
- the surface inspection method according to the present invention irradiates the surface of a semiconductor substrate having a plurality of layers with illumination light, detects diffracted light from the surface of the semiconductor substrate irradiated with the illumination light, and detects the detection
- the second incident angle is smaller than the first incident angle.
- the second incident angle is based on the second diffracted light by the second incident angle. It is preferable to detect a change in the surface state in which the influence of a layer other than the uppermost layer of the first diffracted light due to the first incident angle is corrected.
- the first illumination light and the second illumination light are light including an S-polarized component with respect to the surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- the first illumination light and the second illumination light obtained by irradiating the surface of the reference substrate whose surface state change amount is known, respectively, with the first illumination light. It is preferable to obtain the amount of change in the surface state in which the influence of the layers other than the uppermost layer is corrected using information of the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light.
- the information on the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light generated from the surface of the reference substrate and the vicinity of the center of the surface of the semiconductor substrate are generated. You may make it obtain
- the information on the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light generated from the surface of the reference substrate and the entire surface of the semiconductor substrate can be collectively inspected.
- the influence of layers other than the top layer was corrected. You may make it obtain
- the surface state measured in advance by an electron microscope apparatus capable of partially measuring the surface state of the semiconductor substrate is used to obtain a layer other than the uppermost layer. You may make it obtain
- the orders of the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light used in the third step, the first illumination light and the second illumination light irradiated in the first step are preferable to have a fourth step of determining the wavelength and the second incident angle before executing the first to third steps.
- the wavelengths of the first illumination light and the second illumination light are in the visible light wavelength region.
- the first diffracted light and the second diffracted light on the pupil plane or pupil conjugate plane of the optical system are detected.
- the surface state of the semiconductor substrate can be accurately detected even with diffracted light including the influence of the substrate.
- FIG. 1 A surface inspection apparatus according to this embodiment is shown in FIG. 1.
- This surface inspection apparatus 1 includes a stage 6, an objective lens unit 7, a beam splitter 9, an illumination optical system 10, a detection optical system 20, and an arithmetic operation.
- the processing unit 30 is mainly configured. After exposure and development of the photoresist by the exposure apparatus (not shown), the wafer 5 is transported from a wafer cassette (not shown) or the development apparatus by a conveyance system (not shown), and the pattern (repetitive pattern) formation surface is raised. In this state, it is placed on the stage 6.
- an uppermost layer 500 that forms the surface of the wafer 5 As shown in FIG. 33, on the surface side of the wafer 5, an uppermost layer 500 that forms the surface of the wafer 5, an etching resistant layer 530 formed below the uppermost layer 500, and an etching resistant layer A plurality of layers including an insulating layer 540 and the like formed below 530 are provided. Further, contact holes 510 are formed on the uppermost layer 500 (surface) of the wafer 5 with a repetition period 520 by an exposure process.
- the stage 6 holds the wafer 5 placed on the stage 6 by vacuum suction or the like.
- the stage 6 is configured to be movable horizontally and vertically along the surface of the wafer 5, and is configured to be rotatable about a normal line (vertical axis) to the surface of the wafer 5 as a central axis.
- the illumination optical system 10 includes a light source 11, a condensing lens 12, a wavelength selection filter 13, a polarization filter 15, and a modified illumination aperture stop 16 (hereinafter appropriately modified aperture) in the order of arrangement from the right side to the left side in FIG. (Referred to as a diaphragm).
- a mercury lamp or the like is used as the light source 11.
- the wavelength selection filter 13 is used to select only light having a specific wavelength from among the light having a plurality of wavelengths. Therefore, it is preferable that the wavelength selection filter 13 has a configuration in which the transmission wavelength or the wavelength band can be selectively switched and changed by the switching filter 14 having a different transmission wavelength band.
- the light source 11 may be a light source having a wide wavelength range such as a halogen lamp or a blue excitation type LED.
- the wavelength selection filter 13 may be, for example, a filter that transmits blue, green, and red. However, in order to separate different orders of diffracted light, each wavelength region is limited.
- the light emitted from the light source 11 passes through the condenser lens 12 and the wavelength selection filter 13 and then passes through the polarization filter 15.
- the polarization filter 15 is provided to determine whether the illumination light is incident on the wafer 5 as S-polarized light or P-polarized light.
- the polarization filter 15 is set so that the illumination light is incident on the wafer 5 as S-polarized light.
- the polarizing filter 15 may not be provided in the optical path. The difference between S-polarized light and P-polarized light, which is better, etc. will be described later.
- the light that has passed through the polarizing filter 15 passes through an opening 17 of a modified aperture stop 16, which will be described in detail later, and is reflected by the beam splitter 9 toward the wafer 5 (downward).
- An incident angle that is transmitted through the high NA objective lens 8a of the unit 7 and is relatively large due to the high NA (numerical aperture) (the incident angle is optically defined as an angle of incident light with respect to the normal of the wafer 5). ) Is incident on the surface of the wafer 5.
- the objective lens unit 7 includes a high NA objective lens 8a set so as to obtain a relatively high NA (numerical aperture), and a low NA objective lens set so as to obtain a lower NA than the high NA objective lens 8a. 8b and a switching mechanism 8c for inserting either the high NA objective lens 8a or the low NA objective lens 8b into the optical path between the beam splitter 9 and the wafer 5.
- the illumination light reflected by the beam splitter 9 and transmitted through the high NA objective lens 8a enters the surface of the wafer 5 at a relatively large first incident angle.
- the low NA objective lens 8b when the low NA objective lens 8b is inserted into the optical path by the switching mechanism 8c, the illumination light reflected by the beam splitter 9 and transmitted through the low NA objective lens 8b (hereinafter referred to as “low NA objective lens 8b”).
- FIG. 2 shows a state where the low NA objective lens 8b is inserted in the optical path.
- the objective lens unit 7 may be a so-called revolver type rotary objective lens conversion mechanism.
- the incident direction of the illumination light substantially coincides with the pattern repeating direction on the wafer 5.
- the detection optical system 20 includes a relay lens 21 and an imaging element 22 such as a two-dimensional CCD.
- an imaging element 22 such as a two-dimensional CCD.
- FIG. 1 when the surface of the wafer 5 is irradiated with the first illumination light, the reflected light or diffracted light generated from the wafer 5 passes through the high NA objective lens 8 a and the beam splitter 9, and the relay lens 21. As a result, the optical path is extended / expanded (or reduced) to enter the image sensor 22.
- FIG. 2 when the surface of the wafer 5 is irradiated with the second illumination light, the reflected light or diffracted light generated from the wafer 5 passes through the low NA objective lens 8b and the beam splitter 9 and is relayed.
- the optical path is extended / expanded (or reduced) by the lens 21 and enters the image sensor 22.
- the imaging element 22 is provided on the pupil plane of the detection optical system 20, and photoelectrically converts reflected light or diffracted light from the wafer 5 incident on the pupil plane into an electric signal, and converts the detection signal into an arithmetic processing unit. Output to 30. Note that if a color CCD is used for the image sensor 22 and each output of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) is used, the wavelength selection filter 13 can be eliminated. .
- FIG. 3 shows the deformed aperture stop 16 viewed from the optical axis direction, and the center of the deformed aperture stop 16 formed in a disk shape is the optical axis.
- a circular opening 17 is provided at a position eccentric from the optical axis in the modified aperture stop 16.
- This incident angle is close to the Brewster angle calculated from the refractive index of the photoresist.
- incident light by P-polarized light is transmitted through the top layer 500 with almost no reflection at the top layer 500.
- incident light by S-polarized light has a component that transmits and a component that reflects. Since the diffracted light intensity depends on the reflectance, when considering the diffracted light from the uppermost layer 500 and the diffracted light from the lower layer, for example, the gate line 500, the lower layer in the case of P-polarized light incidence is lower than the incident in the S-polarized light. It becomes easy to be influenced by the diffracted light from.
- the diffracted light from the lower layer is observed more strongly in the P-polarized light incidence than in the S-polarized light incidence. For this reason, by setting the polarization filter (polarizer) 15 so that the S-polarized light component is dominant, the intensity of the diffracted light from the lower layer is reduced, and the surface state change of the uppermost layer 500 is relatively changed (the focus of the exposure process). It is possible to obtain diffracted light including a large amount of variation in the pattern profile of the contact hole 510 and the CD value due to errors, exposure amount errors, and image plane abnormalities. However, the diffracted light from the base cannot be made zero.
- FIG. 4 (a) shows a pupil image detected by the image sensor 22 when the high NA objective lens 8a is used.
- the first-order diffracted light 41a to the eighth-order diffracted light 48a are illustrated with respect to the 0th-order diffracted light 40a according to the order.
- the minus first-order diffracted light 39a is emitted outside the zero-order diffracted light 40a. Since the diffracted light shown in FIG. 4A is diffracted light by the high NA objective lens 8a, the diffracted light is collectively referred to as diffracted light H by a high incident angle, and in the following description, by light having a large incident angle (first incident angle).
- the generated diffracted light is numbered according to the order and is referred to as diffracted light H1 (first-order diffracted light), H2 (second-order diffracted light) or the like with a high incident angle. Note that the plus / minus of the diffracted light is called for convenience in the present embodiment, and optical accuracy does not matter here.
- FIG. 4B shows a pupil image detected by the image sensor 22 when the low NA objective lens 8b is used.
- the first-order diffracted light 41b to the eighth-order diffracted light 48b and the minus first-order diffracted light 39b are shown with respect to the 0th-order diffracted light 40b according to the order.
- the incident angle of the light that has passed through the opening 17 of the modified aperture stop 16 becomes small (closer to perpendicular incidence), so the situation of the diffracted light is different from that in the case of the high NA objective lens 8a. Is different.
- diffracted light L the diffracted light generated by light with a small incident angle (second incident angle) is a number corresponding to the order.
- diffracted light L1 first-order diffracted light
- L2 second-order diffracted light
- the ground diffracted light is obtained from the information of the diffracted light when using the high NA objective lens 8a including the top layer diffracted light and the ground diffracted light. It is suggested that the influence of the background can be removed by subtracting (correcting) the information of the diffracted light when using the low NA objective lens 8b that includes a large amount.
- the observation region of the 100 ⁇ objective lens is ⁇ 140 ⁇ m, and the 50 ⁇ objective lens.
- the observation area is ⁇ 280 ⁇ m.
- illumination light is irradiated on the surface of the wafer 5 (step S101).
- the high NA objective lens 8a is initially used, the surface of the wafer 5 is irradiated with the first illumination light from the high NA objective lens 8a at a high incident angle.
- the diffracted light H generated from the wafer 5 at a high incident angle is transmitted through the high NA objective lens 8 a, the beam splitter 9, and the relay lens 21, and the pupil image is incident on the image sensor 22. Therefore, the diffracted light H with a high incident angle is detected by the image sensor 22 and output to the arithmetic processing unit 30 (step S102).
- the surface of the wafer 5 is irradiated with other illumination light (step S103).
- the switching mechanism 8c switches from the high NA objective lens 8a to the low NA objective lens 8b, and the second illumination light is irradiated from the low NA objective lens 8b onto the surface of the wafer 5 at a low incident angle.
- the diffracted light L having a low incident angle generated from the wafer 5 is transmitted through the low NA objective lens 8b, the beam splitter 9, and the relay lens 21, and the pupil image is incident on the imaging element 22. Therefore, the diffracted light L with a low incident angle is detected by the image sensor 22 and output to the arithmetic processing unit 30 (step S104).
- the arithmetic processing unit 30 corrects the influence of the lower layer below the uppermost layer 500 based on the information (luminance value) of the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle by a method described later. Obtain the removed CD value (step S105). Note that the order of detecting the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle may be reversed.
- FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram showing a surface inspection apparatus 50 according to a modification, and the same members as those in FIG.
- the surface inspection apparatus 50 according to the modification includes a stage 6, a high NA objective lens (100 times, NA about 0.9) 8a, a beam splitter 9, an illumination optical system 60, a detection optical system 20, and arithmetic processing.
- the unit 30 is mainly configured.
- the illumination optical system 60 includes a light source 11, a condensing lens 12, a wavelength selection filter 13, a polarization filter 15, a modified illumination aperture stop 61 (hereinafter appropriately modified aperture) in the order of arrangement from the right side to the left side in FIG. (Abbreviated as a diaphragm).
- the light emitted from the light source 11 passes through the condenser lens 12, the wavelength selection filter 13, and the polarizing filter 15, and passes through a first opening 62a and a second opening 62b of a modified aperture stop 61, which will be described in detail later.
- the light After being reflected by the beam splitter 9 in the direction of the wafer 5 (downward), the light passes through the high NA objective lens 8 a and enters the surface of the wafer 5.
- a first aperture 62a and a second aperture 62b, which are apertures, are formed in the deformed aperture stop 61 formed in a disc shape.
- the first opening 62a and the second opening 62b in the present modification are both provided with a diameter of about 100 ⁇ m. Since the diameter of the modified aperture stop 61 is about 4 mm, the diffracted light obtained by passing through and entering the opening having a diameter of 100 ⁇ m can be sufficiently separated for each order.
- FIG. 6 shows a state where the modified aperture stop 61 is viewed from the optical axis direction. The distance from the optical axis to the first opening 62a in the modified aperture stop 61 is the same as the opening 17 of the modified aperture stop 16 shown in FIG.
- the illumination light that has passed through the first opening 62a of the modified aperture stop 61 is incident on the surface of the wafer 5 at the same incident angle as when the high NA objective lens 8a is used in the configuration of FIG.
- the distance from the optical axis to the second opening 62b in the modified aperture stop 61 is such that the same incident angle as that obtained when the low NA objective lens 8b is used in the configuration of FIG. 1 (in the case of FIG. 2) can be obtained. Is provided.
- the incident angles of the illumination light obtained by the first opening 62a and the second opening 62b are equivalent to the incident angles obtained by the configurations of FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively.
- the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle can be detected at one time, and the objective lens
- the configuration can be simplified.
- the orientation of the wafer 5 is the same as the configuration of FIGS. 1 and 2 (the rotation direction of the surface of the wafer 5 with respect to the optical axis)
- the diffracted light from the first opening 62a and the diffracted light from the second opening 62b overlap. Difficult to distinguish. Therefore, it is preferable to rotate the wafer 5 about 10 to 20 degrees around the center of the wafer 5 by the stage 6.
- the illumination light deviates from the pattern repeating direction on the wafer 5, but as shown in FIG. 7, the diffracted light from the first opening 62 a and the second opening 62 b is changed according to the rotation of the wafer 5.
- the diffracted light from the first opening 62a and the diffracted light from the second opening 62b can be separated and detected.
- Seventh-order diffracted lights 71b to 77b and minus first-order to minus third-order diffracted lights 67b to 69b are arranged in a state of being shifted in parallel with each other.
- the 0th-order diffracted light 70a and the 1st to 9th-order diffracted lights 71a to 79a by the first opening 62a correspond to the above-described diffracted light H with a high incident angle.
- the 0th-order diffracted light 70b and the 1st to 7th-order diffracted lights 71b to 77b and the like from the second opening 62b correspond to the above-described diffracted light L with a low incident angle.
- the optimum incident angle for obtaining the diffracted light L with a low incident angle is relatively changed in the surface state of the uppermost layer 500 (the pattern profile of the contact hole 510 due to the focus error or exposure amount error in the exposure process) It is preferable to obtain diffracted light that contains almost no background information and contains a large amount of background information.
- the incident angle conditions that meet this requirement are not always the same.
- the film type, film thickness, top layer and lower layer pattern types (line and space or contact hole) constituting the wafer 5 and repetition It is determined by many physical quantities that are difficult to calculate, such as pitch.
- the process structure to be developed for each generation of semiconductor wafers (DRAM generation such as 72 nm, 68 nm, and 54 nm, and flash memory generation such as 50 nm, 40 nm, and 30 nm) as well as gate lines and
- the optimum incident angle for obtaining the diffracted light L with a low incident angle should be determined according to the process such as the bit line, the bit contact, and the capacitor contact. Therefore, as a development type of the modified aperture stop 61 having the two openings 62a and 62b, a variable deformed aperture stop 63 having a variable low incident angle shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is effective.
- the variable deformation aperture stop 63 has a fixed deformation aperture stop 64 shown in FIG. 8A and a rotational deformation aperture stop 65 shown in FIG. 8B. Although shown separately from FIGS. 8A and 8B, in practice, two openings are formed by superimposing the fixed deformation aperture stop 64 and the rotational deformation aperture stop 65 with the respective circular centers as the same axis. This has the same function as the modified aperture stop 61 having the parts 62a and 62b. As shown in FIG. 8A, the fixed deformation aperture stop 64 formed in a disc shape has a first opening 64a for a high incident angle and a diameter inside the first opening 64a (near the optical axis). A first long hole 64b extending in the direction is formed. The center 64c of the fixed deformation aperture stop 64 coincides with the optical axis.
- the rotationally deformed aperture stop 65 formed in a disc shape is configured to be rotatable about the center 65c (coincident with the optical axis) of the rotationally deformed aperture stop 65.
- the rotary deformed aperture stop 65 is formed with a second long hole 65 b in the shape of a “K” of Katakana, and the second long hole 65 b is centered according to the rotation angle of the rotary deformed aperture stop 65.
- the distance from 65c is set to change.
- FIG. 9A shows the fixed deformed aperture stop 64 and the rotationally deformed aperture stop 65 overlapped so that their centers 64c and 65c coincide. As can be seen from FIG.
- a second opening 66b for a low incident angle is formed by the overlap of the first long hole 64b and the second long hole 65b.
- the distance from the optical axis of the two openings 66b changes according to the rotation of the rotationally deformed aperture stop 65 as shown in FIGS. 9A to 9B, for example. Therefore, when the diffracted light L with a low incident angle is obtained, if the incident angle is changed by rotating the rotationally deformed aperture stop 65, an optimum low incident angle condition can be set.
- the third shot row 102 and the fifth shot row 103 located in the third and fifth rows from the top in FIG. This is a shot exposed by increasing the exposure amount sequentially (called a high exposure dose shot, a total of 20 shots).
- the seventh shot row 104 and the ninth shot row 105 located in the seventh row and the ninth row from the top in FIG. 11 are shots that are exposed by sequentially decreasing the exposure amount (referred to as low exposure shots, a total of 20 shots). ).
- the shots other than the high exposure shot and the low exposure shot (for example, the shot 106) are all shots exposed at the standard exposure dose (referred to as standard exposure shots, a total of 64 shots).
- the CD value the hole diameter of the contact hole or the line width of the line and space. Has changed.
- the third shot row 102 and the fifth shot row 103 are defocused at the time of exposure, and the shots are exposed by sequentially shifting the defocus amount to the plus side (plus defocus shot).
- the seventh shot row 104 and the ninth shot row 105 are shots (minus defocus shots) that are exposed by sequentially shifting the defocus amount to the minus side, and other shots (for example, the shot 106) are:
- the pattern profile may be changed as a shot exposed under the best focus condition (best focus shot).
- the dimension of the reference wafer thus obtained is measured by the above-described CD-SEM, and can be quantified as, for example, a CD value corresponding to the exposure dose variation. In the following description, the case of a change in exposure amount is shown, but this embodiment can also be applied to defocus defect inspection / measurement using a defocused reference wafer.
- 1248 pupil images as shown in FIG. 4A are obtained by the high NA objective lens 8a, and shown in FIG. 4B by the low NA objective lens 8b. 1248 images of such pupil images are obtained.
- 1248 pupil images as shown in FIG. 7 are obtained.
- the diffracted light H with a high incident angle is generated from the diffracted light (such as 41a) with a added to the number in the pupil image of FIG. 4A (or the pupil image of FIG. 7).
- the optimal order diffracted light is selectively extracted from the image.
- diffracted light L with a low incident angle is generated from diffracted light (such as 41b) with b added to the number in the pupil image of FIG. 4B (or the pupil image of FIG. 7).
- the optimal order diffracted light is selectively extracted from the obtained pupil image. A method for determining the optimum order will be described later.
- the diffracted light H (for example, the first-order diffracted light H1) with a high incident angle is selectively extracted from the pupil image of 1248 images, and the brightness of the diffracted light H is developed on 1248 wafer coordinates and shown as a map in FIG. And FIG. Specifically, since the wafer coordinates of 1248 points are obtained from the coordinates of 12 points in the shot and the position coordinates of the shot, the brightness of the diffracted light H at 1248 points can be developed in the wafer coordinate system. Then, for example, FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 are obtained by creating a contour map of the wafer coordinate system of brightness.
- FIG. 12 shows a case where there is no influence of the base, and since the multilayer film as shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 is affected by the base, the diffracted light H at a high incident angle is shown in FIG.
- luminance unevenness occurs in the surface of the wafer.
- FIG. 13 the vicinity of the center of the reference wafer 100 is dark, and the upper right portion of the reference wafer 100 is darker than the lower left portion.
- FIG. 14 is a plot of CD values measured by CD-SEM for all measurement points (1248 points) on the horizontal axis and the luminance value of the diffracted light H at a high incident angle on the vertical axis.
- the CD value on the horizontal axis in FIG. 14 was normalized with the average of the standard exposure shots being 1. As can be seen from FIG. 14, as the CD value increases, the diffracted light H due to a high incident angle also increases.
- the diffracted light H with a high incident angle contains a relatively large amount of signals from the uppermost layer 500, and therefore, diffracted light depending on the CD value variation is captured.
- the variation in the diffracted light H in the standard exposure shot indicated by the black circle is larger than the variation in the diffracted light L in the high / low exposure shot indicated by the gray cross. This is because shots occupy and the influence of the substrate becomes more prominent toward the outer peripheral side of the wafer, and a signal from the substrate rides on the diffracted light H.
- the variation of the diffracted light H in the standard exposure shot (black circle) is about 10 (meaning 10 on the vertical scale), and this value is a change of about 0.4 of the normalized CD value on the horizontal axis.
- the CD value 1
- the diffracted light H is affected by the background, so that the CD value is regarded as changing by about 40%. This makes it impossible to correctly detect CD value fluctuations.
- FIG. 15 is a plot of CD values measured by CD-SEM for all measurement points (1248 points) on the horizontal axis and the luminance value of the diffracted light L at a low incident angle on the vertical axis.
- the CD value on the horizontal axis in FIG. 15 standardizes the average of standard exposure shots as 1. As can be seen from FIG. 15, even if the CD value changes, the luminance value of the diffracted light L due to the low incident angle does not change.
- the diffracted light L due to the low incident angle does not include any signal from the uppermost layer 500 and thus does not depend on the CD value fluctuation. That is, most of the information is background information.
- Principle 1 The diffracted light H with a high incident angle is sensitive to CD value fluctuations, but includes the influence of the background.
- Principle 2 The diffracted light L with a low incident angle is insensitive to CD value fluctuations and includes the influence of the background.
- Principle 3 Underlying removal is performed under a condition in which the tendency of the influence of the ground in the wafer surface with the diffracted light H due to the high incident angle is similar to the tendency of the influence of the ground within the wafer surface with the diffracted light L due to the low incidence angle. Or background correction is possible.
- FIGS. 14 and 15 are the results of setting optimum conditions (wavelength, incident angle, diffracted light order) that satisfy the above principles 1 to 3, and the optimum condition determination method is described later. Will be described in detail.
- FIG. 16 is a graph in which the luminance values of the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle are plotted on the horizontal axis and the vertical axis at every measurement point (1248 points), respectively.
- the measurement points of the standard exposure shot indicated by black circles are distributed in the upper right direction due to the influence of the background.
- the extremely strong correlation along the composite vector HL1 is due to the principle 3 “the tendency of the influence of the ground in the wafer surface with the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle. This is because the tendency of the influence of the ground in the wafer surface satisfies the “similar condition”.
- the diffracted light H due to the high incident angle increases with respect to the CD value, but the diffracted light L due to the low incident angle hardly changes.
- the distribution is in a line.
- FIG. 17 shows only the standard exposure shot measurement points plotted with respect to the diffracted light H (horizontal axis) at a high incident angle and the diffracted light L (vertical axis) at a low incident angle.
- the linear regression line 170 by the least square method is expressed by the following equation (1).
- the inverse function of the equation (1) represents the ground component of the diffracted light H with a high incident angle obtained from the diffracted light L with a low incident angle.
- a background correction value H * is obtained.
- the background correction value H * is expressed by the following equation (2).
- the background correction value H * corresponds to the background signal in the diffracted light H with a high incident angle converted from the diffracted light L with a low incident angle, and this was referred to as a background correction value. Therefore, the value obtained by subtracting the background correction value H * from the diffracted light H with the measured high incident angle is obtained by removing the background signal, and is expressed by the following equation (3).
- the expression (3) only removes the background unevenness in the surface of the wafer, and the unevenness varies from wafer to wafer (diffracted light H due to the high incidence angle on the average is increased over the entire wafer due to the influence of the background). Has not yet been corrected). The latter correction will be described later.
- the vertical axis represents the calculation result HH * by the expression (3) with respect to the CD value (horizontal axis). If it is taken, the result from which the influence of the foundation
- substrate was removed will be obtained. That is, the measurement point of the standard exposure shot indicated by a black circle in FIG. 18 has an upward extension (variation V1 of the diffracted light H due to a high incident angle at a CD value 1) as a result of removing the influence of the background. It has been eliminated, and it shows mere measurement variation. Similarly, in the high / low exposure shots indicated by the gray crosses in FIG.
- CD 0.987 + ⁇ 0.0355 ⁇ (H ⁇ H *) ⁇ ⁇ [0.00101 ⁇ ⁇ (H ⁇ H *) ⁇ 0.0831 ⁇ 2 ] (4)
- the pupil images of all 104 shots are measured at 12 points in the shot, and the high incidence angle is obtained from the 1248 pupil images.
- the diffracted light H and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle are obtained, the diffracted light H with a high incident angle varies from wafer to wafer and from lot to lot within the surface of the wafer 5. Therefore, the background correction and CD value conversion means will be described below.
- FIG. 19 is a plot of diffracted light H (horizontal axis) with a high incident angle and diffracted light L (vertical axis) with a low incident angle at 1248 points on the wafer surface in a certain lot. Since each base influence tendency is the same, it has a linear relationship. The detailed situation is shown in FIG. 20 and FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a three-dimensional representation of the relationship between 1248 XY coordinates on the wafer surface (one axis of the two-dimensional shot array is the X axis and the other axis is the Y axis) and the diffracted light H at a high incident angle. It is.
- FIG. 21 is a three-dimensional representation of the relationship between 1248 XY coordinates on the wafer surface and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle.
- the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle have diffracted light intensity distributions rising on the outer peripheral side of the frying pan, and are similar to each other. ing.
- the origin is the center of gravity of the diffracted light H with a high incident angle or the diffracted light L with a low incident angle.
- FIG. 19 is compared with FIG. 17, the distribution positions are different although the inclinations are similar.
- both FIG. 19 and FIG. 17 have comet-shaped tails, and the tail portions (tail 195 in FIG. 19 and tail 175 in FIG. 17) are shown in FIG. 20 and FIG.
- the head portion of the comet (head 196 in FIG. 19 and head 176 in FIG. 17) is a frying pan-shaped bottom (fry pan bottom 206 in FIG. 20, located inside the wafer, and FIG. 20).
- FIG. 22 shows the relationship between the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle with respect to 12 points in the shot of the central shot (the central shot 107 in FIG. 11).
- a group 221 in FIG. 22 is a value in the reference wafer 100
- a group 222 in FIG. 22 is a value in the wafer 5 in a certain lot.
- the value of the diffracted light H by the high incident angle is offset by about 10
- the value of the diffracted light by the low incident angle is offset by about 30.
- the raised shape of the frying pan type (the comet tail portion) is similar, but the bottom value of the frying pan (the bottom portion of the frying pan) is offset.
- the average luminance values of the group 221 of the reference wafer 100 with respect to the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle are set as Hc0 and Lc0, respectively.
- symbol means the center shot (Center).
- (Hc0, Lc0) (41.27, 72.65).
- the average luminance values of the group 222 of the wafers 5 in a certain lot with respect to the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle are Hca and Lca, respectively.
- (Hca, Lca) (31.60, 47.86).
- the offset amount of the center shot that is, (Hc0 ⁇ Hca) and (Lc0 ⁇ Lca).
- a primary conversion is performed. Specifically, when the measured values (luminance values) of the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle are Ha and La, respectively, for each measurement point, the following equations (5) and (6 ) To perform the primary conversion.
- H obtained by equation (5) is applied to equation (3).
- H * in equation (3) is obtained by applying L obtained in equation (6) to equation (2).
- the CD value can be obtained by applying HH * obtained by the equation (3) to the equation (4).
- the arithmetic processing part 30 determines with a corresponding shot being a defective shot, when the calculated
- FIG. 23 shows CD values calculated using the relationship shown in FIG. 14 for the wafer 5 in a certain lot.
- FIG. 24 shows CD values calculated by performing background correction using the diffracted light L at a low incident angle according to the equations (2), (3), and (4).
- the background unevenness (fry pan type swell) in the wafer surface was corrected, since correction for each wafer was not performed, the average value of CD values was about 0.88, and the standard deviation was about 0.022.
- the background correction is performed using all the background correction techniques of the present embodiment (that is, using the formulas (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6)).
- the calculated CD value is shown.
- the accuracy can be judged appropriately with respect to the standard.
- the background correction within the wafer surface and the background correction for each wafer can be performed, and an accurate CD value can be calculated. That is, the surface state of the wafer 5 can be accurately detected even with the diffracted light H having a high incident angle including the influence of the base.
- FIG. 26 shows the relationship between the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle at a blue wavelength with respect to the reference wafer 100. The combinations are shown for each order (first to tenth) of the diffracted light L at a low incident angle.
- FIG. 26 is referred to as an order matrix of the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle.
- Each of the 10 ⁇ 10 matrices shows a diffracted light H with a high incident angle on the horizontal axis and a diffracted light L with a low incident angle on the vertical axis.
- a graph 260 surrounded by a broken line is at the position of coordinates (H10, L10) in a 10 ⁇ 10 matrix, so the horizontal axis indicates the 10th-order diffracted light H10 with a high incident angle, and the vertical axis indicates low incidence.
- the 10th-order diffracted light L10 by an angle is shown.
- Principle 1 The diffracted light H with a high incident angle is sensitive to CD value fluctuations, but includes the influence of the background.
- Principle 2 The diffracted light L with a low incident angle is insensitive to CD value fluctuations and includes the influence of the background.
- Principle 3 Underground removal is performed under a condition in which the tendency of the influence of the ground in the wafer surface with the diffracted light H due to the high incident angle is similar to the tendency of the influence of the ground within the wafer surface with the diffracted light L due to the low incidence angle Or background correction is possible.
- FIG. 26 order matrix of diffracted light H with a high incident angle at a blue wavelength and diffracted light L with a low incident angle
- FIG. 27 diffiffraction with a high incident angle at a green wavelength
- Comparison is made between the light H and the order matrix of the diffracted light L with a low incident angle
- FIG. 28 the order matrix of the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and a diffracted light L with a low incident angle at a red wavelength.
- FIG. 27 and FIG. 28 there is no combination of orders satisfying the optimum conditions a) and b).
- FIG. 26 blue wavelength
- the case of the seventh-order diffracted light H7 with a high incident angle is shown in FIG. 29, and the case of the seventh-order diffracted light L7 with a low incident angle is shown in FIG.
- the next-order diffracted light H7 has a shape in which the straw hat is turned over, but the seventh-order diffracted light L7 having a low incident angle has a shape in which the edge of the straw hat is asymmetric and cannot be said to be similar. That is, the above principle 3 is not satisfied.
- only the low order (order 1 to 4) diffracted light having a blue wavelength among the three wavelengths is a combination that satisfies the above principles 1 to 3.
- optimum condition determination method first, a number of points on the surface of the reference wafer 100 are measured at several wavelengths. Next, an order matrix of the diffracted light H with a high incident angle and the diffracted light L with a low incident angle is created for each wavelength from the measured pupil image. Then, the optimum conditions (wavelength / order) satisfying the above principles 1 to 3 are determined from the created order matrix.
- the optimum low incident angle condition is determined using the variable deformation aperture stop 63 shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and the diffracted light H and the low intensity due to the high incident angle at that time are determined. It is possible to determine the optimum condition (wavelength / order) from the order matrix of the diffracted light H by the incident angle. According to the surface inspection apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 5, it is possible to simultaneously enter a high incident angle and a low incident angle, and it is possible to separately extract and extract diffracted light of an arbitrary order from the captured pupil image. Easy to.
- the optimal condition determination method as described above is effective in the following cases. That is, when the application to a different process (for example, gate line, bit contact process, bit line process, etc.) and the process conditions (film thickness, etc.) are changed, the generation is changed (for example, from 50 nm generation to 40 nm generation). Etc. In such a case, since the influence of the base changes if the film structure or film thickness changes, a step (step) for determining an optimum condition satisfying the above principles 1 to 4 is executed before the surface inspection. .
- a different process for example, gate line, bit contact process, bit line process, etc.
- the process conditions film thickness, etc.
- FIG. 31 and FIG. 32 show the state of incidence of P-polarized light at the light source wavelength.
- FIG. 31 shows an example of the relationship between the CD value change (horizontal axis) and the diffracted light H (vertical axis) due to a high incident angle in the reference wafer 100, and is insensitive to CD value fluctuations. I understand. That is, the above principle 1 is not satisfied.
- FIG. 31 shows an example of the relationship between the CD value change (horizontal axis) and the diffracted light H (vertical axis) due to a high incident angle in the reference wafer 100, and is insensitive to CD value fluctuations.
- the potato chips type is asymmetric and is different from the frying type that can achieve high CD conversion accuracy. For these reasons, it can be seen that P-polarized light is inferior to S-polarized light.
- the difference between the measured value average of the center shot on the measurement wafer 5 and the measured value average of the center shot 107 on the reference wafer 100 is different.
- the center shot is compared as an initial setting, if the center shot is not a non-defective product (for example, a shot including a defect such as defocus), the inside of the non-defective region is different from the center shot. It is preferable to compare the averages of measured values of the shots.
- the automatic macro inspection apparatus 35 (see the two-dot chain line in FIG. 1) and the surface inspection apparatus 1 of the present embodiment are communicably connected, and the high macro throughput automatic macro inspection apparatus 35 is used.
- the result (information including the location of the non-defective shot and the location of the defective shot) may be input to the arithmetic processing unit 30, for example.
- the automatic macro inspection apparatus 35 irradiates the semiconductor wafer with light, receives the diffracted light from the repetitive pattern on the wafer, and determines the amount of diffracted light from the parts with different CD values and pattern profiles. This configuration detects defects by detecting changes, and is often used in semiconductor factories.
- Such an automatic macro inspection apparatus 35 can irradiate light on the entire surface of the wafer at one time, so that it can detect a defect location at high speed and can output the defect location to the outside as wafer coordinates.
- the center shot and the reference wafer of the measurement wafer 5 are kept at the initial settings. Compare 100 center shots.
- a defect is detected in the automatic macro inspection apparatus 35 and the wafer coordinate of the defect is a center shot, it is preferable to use a place near the center where there is no defect as a shot for comparison with the reference wafer 100.
- the conventional surface inspection apparatus there has been a technique for minimizing the transmission of incident light to the ground using the wavelength of DUV (deep ultraviolet light) so as not to be affected by the ground.
- DUV deep ultraviolet light
- the DUV light source has disadvantages such as short life, high cost, and the need for chemical clean technology.
- the background correction or background removal is not actively performed, it is not possible to obtain the quantitative property such as the CD value calculation.
- the center shot on the reference wafer 100 is measured and offset correction is performed.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the CD measured by the CD-SEM 36 (see the two-dot chain line in FIG. 1).
- the value may be used to compare with the CD value calculated by the present embodiment at the same location, and the offset correction may be made so as to be the same.
- the CD-SEM 36 measures nine points in the center shot of the wafer 5 and the average value is SEM9
- the CD conversion value calculated by this embodiment for the same shot is the average value at 12 points in the shot.
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Abstract
Description
原理2:低入射角による回折光Lは、CD値変動に鈍感であり、下地の影響を含む。
原理3:高入射角による回折光Hでのウェハ面内における下地の影響の傾向と、低入射角による回折光Lでのウェハ面内における下地の影響の傾向とが相似な条件では、下地除去、または下地補正が可能である。
H-H* …(3)
-[0.00101×{(H-H*)-0.0831}2] …(4)
L=La+(Lc0-Lca) …(6)
原理2:低入射角による回折光Lは、CD値変動に鈍感であり、下地の影響を含む。
原理3:高入射角による回折光Hでのウェハ面内における下地の影響の傾向と、低入射角による回折光Lでのウェハ面内における下地の影響の傾向とが相似な条件では、下地除去、または下地補正が可能である。
5 ウェハ(半導体基板)
6 ステージ(位置設定部)
8a 高NA対物レンズ(第1対物レンズ)
8b 低NA対物レンズ(第2対物レンズ)
8c 切替機構(切替部)
10 照明光学系(照明部)
20 検出光学系(検出部)
30 演算処理部(検査部および条件決定部)
35 自動マクロ検査装置(欠陥検査装置)
36 CD-SEM(電子顕微鏡装置)
50 表面検査装置(変形例)
60 照明光学系(照明部)
61 変形開口絞り(絞り部材)
62a 第1開口部 62b 第2開口部
63 可変変形開口絞り(絞り部材)
64 固定変形開口絞り(64a 第1開口部)
65 回転変形開口絞り(変位部材)
66b 第2開口部
500 最上層
530 エッチング耐性を有する層
540 絶縁層
Claims (21)
- 複数の層を有した半導体基板の表面に照明光を照射する照明部と、
前記照明光が照射された前記半導体基板の表面からの回折光を検出する検出部と、
前記検出部により検出された前記回折光の情報に基づいて、前記半導体基板における表面状態の変化を検出する検査部とを備え、
前記照明部は、前記半導体基板の垂線に対して第1入射角で前記半導体基板の表面に入射する第1照明光および、前記半導体基板の垂線に対して前記第1入射角とは異なる第2入射角で前記半導体基板の表面に入射する第2照明光を前記半導体基板の表面に照射し、
前記検出部は、前記第1照明光が前記半導体基板の表面に照射されて生じる第1回折光および、前記第2照明光が前記半導体基板の表面に照射されて生じる第2回折光を検出し、
前記検査部は、前記検出部により検出された前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光の情報に基づいて、前記複数の層において最も前記半導体基板の表面に近い最上層以外の層による影響を補正した前記表面状態の変化を検出することを特徴とする表面検査装置。 - 前記第2入射角は前記第1入射角よりも小さい角度であり、前記第2入射角による前記第2回折光に基づいて、前記第1入射角による前記第1回折光の前記最上層以外の層による影響を補正した前記表面状態の変化を検出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表面検査装置。
- 前記照明部は偏光部を有し、前記第1照明光および前記第2照明光は前記半導体基板の表面に対してS偏光成分を含むことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の表面検査装置。
- 前記検査部は、表面状態の変化量が既知である基準基板の表面に前記第1照明光および前記第2照明光をそれぞれ照射して得られる前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光の情報を利用して、前記最上層以外の層による影響を補正した前記表面状態の変化量を求めることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の表面検査装置。
- 前記照明部は、
光源からの光を前記半導体基板の表面に導いて前記第1照明光を照射する第1の対物レンズと、
光源からの光を前記半導体基板の表面に導いて前記第2照明光を照射する第2の対物レンズと、
前記第1の対物レンズもしくは前記第2の対物レンズのいずれか一方を選択的に切り替えて光路上に挿入する切替部とを有して構成されることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の表面検査装置。 - 前記照明部は、瞳面または瞳面と共役な面上に設けられた絞り部材を有し、
前記絞り部材は、光源からの光が通過して前記第1照明光が得られる第1の開口部と、光源からの光が通過して前記第2照明光が得られる第2の開口部とを有していることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の表面検査装置。 - 前記検出部が前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光をそれぞれ分離して検出できるように、前記第1および第2の開口部と前記半導体基板との相対位置関係を設定する位置設定部が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の表面検査装置。
- 前記絞り部材は、前記第2の開口部を前記瞳面上で変位させる変位部材を有し、
前記変位部材によって光軸から前記第2の開口部までの距離を変化させることにより、前記第2入射角を変えることを特徴とする請求項6または7に記載の表面検査装置。 - 前記検査部で使用される前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光の次数、前記照明部により照射される前記第1照明光および前記第2照明光の波長、および前記第2入射角を決定する条件決定部を備えて構成されることを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の表面検査装置。
- 前記第1照明光および前記第2照明光の波長が可視光の波長領域であることを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の表面検査装置。
- 前記検出部は、瞳面もしくは瞳共役面における前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光を検出することを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の表面検査装置。
- 複数の層を有した半導体基板の表面に照明光を照射し、前記照明光が照射された前記半導体基板の表面からの回折光を検出し、前記検出した前記回折光の情報に基づいて、前記半導体基板における表面状態の変化を検出する表面検査方法であって、
前記半導体基板の垂線に対して第1入射角で前記半導体基板の表面に入射する第1照明光および、前記半導体基板の垂線に対して前記第1入射角とは異なる第2入射角で前記半導体基板の表面に入射する第2照明光を前記半導体基板の表面に照射する第1のステップと、
前記第1照明光が前記半導体基板の表面に照射されて生じる第1回折光および、前記第2照明光が前記半導体基板の表面に照射されて生じる第2回折光を検出する第2のステップと、
前記検出した前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光の情報に基づいて、前記複数の層において最も前記半導体基板の表面に近い最上層以外の層による影響を補正した前記表面状態の変化を検出する第3のステップとを有していることを特徴とする表面検査方法。 - 前記第2入射角は前記第1入射角よりも小さい角度であり、前記第3のステップでは、前記第2入射角による前記第2回折光に基づいて、前記第1入射角による前記第1回折光の前記最上層以外の層による影響を補正した前記表面状態の変化を検出することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の表面検査方法。
- 前記第1のステップでは、前記第1照明光および前記第2照明光は前記半導体基板の表面に対してS偏光成分を含む光であることを特徴とする請求項12または13に記載の表面検査方法。
- 前記第3のステップにおいて、表面状態の変化量が既知である基準基板の表面に前記第1照明光および前記第2照明光をそれぞれ照射して得られる前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光の情報を利用して、前記最上層以外の層による影響を補正した前記表面状態の変化量を求めることを特徴とする請求項12から14のいずれか一項に記載の表面検査方法。
- 前記第3のステップにおいて、前記基準基板の表面から生じた前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光の情報および、前記半導体基板の表面中央部近傍から生じた前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光の情報を利用して、前記最上層以外の層による影響を補正した前記表面状態の変化量を求めることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の表面検査方法。
- 前記第3のステップにおいて、前記基準基板の表面から生じた前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光の情報および、前記半導体基板の表面全体を一括検査可能な欠陥検査装置により予め正常であると判定された前記半導体基板の正常部分から生じた前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光の情報を利用して、前記最上層以外の層による影響を補正した前記表面状態の変化量を求めることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の表面検査方法。
- 前記第3のステップにおいて、前記半導体基板の表面状態を部分的に計測可能な電子顕微鏡装置により予め計測された前記表面状態を利用して、前記最上層以外の層による影響を補正した前記表面状態の変化量を求めることを特徴とする請求項15に記載の表面検査方法。
- 前記第3のステップで使用する前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光の次数、前記第1のステップで照射する前記第1照明光および前記第2照明光の波長、および前記第2入射角を、前記第1から第3のステップを実行する前に決定する第4のステップを有することを特徴とする請求項12から18のいずれか一項に記載の表面検査方法。
- 前記第1照明光および前記第2照明光の波長が可視光の波長領域であることを特徴とする請求項12から19のいずれか一項に記載の表面検査方法。
- 前記第2のステップにおいて、光学系の瞳面もしくは瞳共役面における前記第1回折光および前記第2回折光を検出することを特徴とする請求項12から20のいずれか一項に記載の表面検査方法。
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