WO2010092645A1 - プラスチックの選別方法及び選別装置 - Google Patents
プラスチックの選別方法及び選別装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010092645A1 WO2010092645A1 PCT/JP2009/005943 JP2009005943W WO2010092645A1 WO 2010092645 A1 WO2010092645 A1 WO 2010092645A1 JP 2009005943 W JP2009005943 W JP 2009005943W WO 2010092645 A1 WO2010092645 A1 WO 2010092645A1
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- Prior art keywords
- plastic
- specific gravity
- sorting
- thickness
- bromine
- Prior art date
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 292
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 292
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 38
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 37
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 35
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 34
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 29
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 29
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
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- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIZCTWCPHWUPFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol tribenzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC(OC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HIZCTWCPHWUPFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012850 discrimination method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
- B07C5/10—Sorting according to size measured by light-responsive means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/08—Separators with material carriers in the form of belts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/006—Charging without electricity supply, e.g. by tribo-electricity or pyroelectricity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/04—Separators with material carriers in the form of trays, troughs, or tables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/06—Separators with cylindrical material carriers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/16—Sorting according to weight
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0234—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using gravity, e.g. separating by weight differences in a wind sifter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
- B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
- B29B2017/0244—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
- B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
- B29B2017/0279—Optical identification, e.g. cameras or spectroscopy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0005—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing compounding ingredients
- B29K2105/0026—Flame proofing or flame retarding agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/16—Fillers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for sorting plastic that can be reused in household electrical appliances from mixed and crushed plastic obtained from waste household electrical appliances.
- a flame retardant plastic containing such a flame retardant When recycling a flame retardant plastic containing such a flame retardant, a flame retardant plastic containing a flame retardant and a plastic not containing a flame retardant are used so that the remaining brominated flame retardant is not mixed into the recycled resin. Separation technology is important.
- a separation object is transported by a conveying means such as a conveyor, the transmittance of the radiation passing through the substance is measured by irradiating the separation object with radiation, and the separation object is based on the measurement result.
- a separation device that separates and takes out into a collection container.
- the plastic containing the specific element is determined by the transmittance of the radiation passing through the separation object.
- the transmittance of the radiation is the weight and content of the element contained in the separation object. In addition to quantity, it also decreases with increasing thickness. Therefore, when the size and thickness of the object to be separated are not constant like the crushed plastic piece, there is a problem that the determination of the plastic piece containing the specific element is wrong.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and the plastics according to the method for producing recycled plastics, which removes plastics containing brominated flame retardants from mixed crushed plastics at high speed and with high accuracy, are provided.
- the purpose is to provide a sorting method.
- Another object of the above-described sorting method is to provide a plastic sorting device capable of sorting plastic pieces having various thicknesses with high accuracy.
- the method for producing recycled plastic according to the present invention includes the first specific gravity sorting step of separating plastic lighter than the first specific gravity threshold ⁇ 1 by the specific gravity sorting method from the mixed crushed plastic, and the specific gravity distribution of the light plastic to be sorted.
- the classification is performed according to the presence or absence of bromine.
- a bromine-containing plastic removal step for removing the bromine-containing plastic from the light plastic.
- plastic containing a large amount of brominated flame retardant is excluded by specific gravity sorting, and a plastic containing brominated flame retardant is selectively selected from a plastic containing a small amount of brominated flame retardant. Therefore, the recovery rate of the plastic to be recycled can be improved, and the identification accuracy and processing speed of bromine-containing / non-containing can be improved.
- Embodiment 1 of this invention It is a flowchart of the manufacturing method of the recycled plastic by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the sedimentation apparatus which implements the specific gravity classification process by Embodiment 1, 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the apparatus structure which implements the process of detecting presence of bromine and removing a bromine containing plastic by Embodiment 1, 2 of this invention. It is a flowchart of the manufacturing method of the recycled plastic by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the electrostatic selection apparatus which implements the electrostatic selection process by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of specific gravity distribution of PP and PS * ABS of mixed crushing plastics.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 11.
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 11.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a plastic sorting method according to a recycled plastic manufacturing method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the mixed crushed plastic is set to a predetermined specific gravity threshold value ⁇ 1 (here, ⁇ is the capital letter of the Greek letter low), and here the first specific gravity selection is performed with ⁇ 1 being 1.0. Sort into plastic lighter than 1.0 and plastic and metal heavier than 1.0 in specific gravity.
- the mixed crushed plastic is mainly polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), and is made of polyacetal (POM), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), etc., although they are small amounts.
- the specific gravity of PP is about 0.9, it is lighter than PS (about 1.05), ABS (about 1.05) and other plastics, and is sorted by the first specific gravity sorting.
- the bromine-containing PP is removed from the PP separated by specific gravity sorting, and the RoHS compatible PP is recovered.
- ⁇ RoHS regulated substances include lead, mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium in addition to brominated flame retardants, but as a result of investigating PP after specific gravity sorting, all substances are below the regulated content. Thus, by removing the bromine-containing PP, the RoHS-compliant PP is recovered.
- FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the float / sink sorter as a specific example of the specific gravity sort method.
- the float / sink sorter body includes a float / sink tank 2 that can store the liquid medium 9, a paddle 3 for stirring and transporting the suspended matter, and a screw conveyor 5a for transporting the sediment.
- the mixed crushed plastic is dispersedly charged into the liquid medium, and the suspended matter in the mixed crushed plastic is conveyed on the liquid medium by the paddle 3, and the vibrating sieve 4 is passed through.
- the floated sort is recovered.
- the sediment having a specific gravity greater than that of water is conveyed by the screw conveyor 5a and then discharged from the discharge port 6a as a liquid medium and sediment as indicated by an arrow 11 indicating the flow of the liquid medium and sediment.
- the discharged sediment and the liquid medium are lifted above the surface of the liquid medium once stored in the floating and submerged tank 2 by the screw conveyor 5 b.
- the liquid medium is returned to the float / sink tank 2 and only the sediment indicated by the arrow 12 is recovered from the discharge port 6b to complete the selection.
- FIG. 3 shows the configuration of an apparatus as a specific example of the bromine-containing plastic removal method.
- crushed plastic 22 (consisting of bromine-containing plastic 22 a and bromine-free plastic 22 b) is sequentially supplied from the supply device 23 to the conveying device 21.
- the crushed plastic 22 accelerated by the transport device 21 jumps out of the transport device 21 and is irradiated with X-rays, which are a kind of radiation (X-ray irradiation source, hereinafter also referred to as X-ray irradiation source).
- X-ray detector 25 X-rays generated from the X-ray tube 24 are irradiated to the crushed plastic 22, and transmitted X-rays are detected by the X-ray detector 25.
- the data processor 26 discriminates whether or not bromine is contained, and the separation mechanism 27 separates the bromine-containing plastic 22a into the bromine-containing plastic storage box 28 and the bromine-free plastic 22b into the bromine-free plastic storage box 29.
- the X-ray detector 25 can measure in-line or in-plane X-ray intensity distribution, for example, X-ray line sensor, X-ray imaging intensifier, X-ray CCD camera, X-ray scintillator, position-sensitive proportional An X-ray detector 25 having no energy resolution such as a counter tube is used.
- the location of the bromine-containing plastic 22a can be specified because the transmitted X-ray intensity is weak at the location of the bromine-containing plastic 22a. Further, when these detectors are used, it is possible to visualize the X-ray intensity distribution in the line or in the plane. In the visualized image, the bromine-containing plastic 22a is displayed with lower brightness than the bromine-free plastic 22b.
- Plastics containing fillers (talc, clay, calcium carbonate, etc.), reinforcing materials (glass fibers), and colorants (titanium oxide, etc.) also have low transmission X-ray intensity and lower the accuracy of separation, but plastics containing these Since the specific gravity is heavier than 1.0, it is excluded in advance by specific gravity selection, and the separation accuracy does not decrease. In addition, the operation load of the sorting mechanism 27 can be reduced, and the sorting accuracy is improved.
- a belt conveyor or the like can be used as the transport device 21, and a hopper or a feeder or the like may be used as the supply device 23 for the separation object to the belt conveyor.
- the sorting mechanism 27 may be stored in an appropriate storage box by an air blow or vacuum suction nozzle based on a signal from the data processing unit, or may be transferred to the next belt conveyor.
- the method for producing recycled plastic provides a process for detecting the presence of bromine and removing the bromine-containing plastic in the subsequent stage, so that in the specific gravity sorting process provided in the previous stage, The specific gravity range can be expanded, and the recovery rate of RoHS-compliant PP can be improved.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing a recycled plastic according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the mixed crushed plastic is set to a specific gravity threshold ⁇ 1 determined in advance in the first specific gravity selection step, and specific gravity selection is performed.
- ⁇ 1 is set to 1.0, and is selected into PP lighter than specific gravity 1.0 and plastic and metal heavier than specific gravity 1.0.
- a second specific gravity selection is performed by setting a plastic having a specific gravity greater than 1.0 to a predetermined specific gravity threshold ⁇ 2.
- the scissors 2 is set to 1.1, and a mixture of PS and ABS lighter than a specific gravity of 1.1 and plastics and metals heavier than a specific gravity of 1.1 are selected.
- the mixture of PS and ABS selected as being lighter than the specific gravity of 1.1 by the second specific gravity selection is charged by friction or the like, and the charging characteristics of PS and ABS are changed to make PS and ABS in an electrostatic field. Sort out.
- the bromine-containing PS and ABS are removed from the PS and ABS after electrostatic sorting by the apparatus for removing the bromine-containing plastic described with reference to FIG. 3, and the RoHS-compatible PS and ABS are recovered.
- the specific gravity threshold is 1.1
- the liquid medium is replaced with a liquid capable of setting specific gravity, such as salt water or a chlorinated organic solvent.
- Fig. 5 shows the configuration of the electrostatic sorting device.
- the electrostatic sorting device includes a quantitative supply device 30, a friction charging cylinder 31, an electric field input device 32, counter electrodes 33a and 33b, power sources 34a and 34b, and collection boxes 35a and 35b.
- the mixture 40 of PS pieces and ABS pieces selected by specific gravity sorting is fed into the quantitative supply device 30.
- ⁇ indicates an ABS piece
- ⁇ indicates a PS piece.
- the positions of PS and ABS are different from each other in the charging sequence, and PS is positioned on the negative side in the charging sequence, and ABS is positioned on the positive side in the charging sequence.
- the triboelectric charging cylinder 31 that has been supplied with the mixture 40 of PS pieces and ABS pieces from the quantitative supply device 30 is a rotatable cylindrical stirring vessel.
- the frictional charging cylinder 31 is rotatable about its central axis as a center of rotation, and the mixture 40 is charged by rubbing the mixture 40 of PS pieces and ABS pieces while stirring.
- the electric field input device 32 that has been supplied with the charged mixture from the friction charging cylinder 31 has a function of sending the mixture toward the counter electrodes 33a and 33b.
- the counter electrode 33a (minus electrode) is applied with a lower potential than the power source 34a, and the counter electrode 33b (plus electrode) is applied with a higher potential than the power source 34b.
- an electric field is generated between the counter electrodes 33a and 33b, and the charged mixture is allowed to pass through the portion where the electric field is generated.
- the negatively charged PS piece is attracted to the high-potential side counter electrode 33b, while the positively charged ABS piece is attracted to the low-potential side counter electrode 33a.
- the PS piece is sorted and collected in the high-potential side collection box 35b, and the ABS piece is sorted and collected in the low-potential side collection box 35a.
- the configuration example of the apparatus for removing bromine-containing plastic is the same as that of the apparatus for removing bromine-containing plastic according to the first embodiment. Therefore, description of this part is omitted.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing an example of the specific gravity distribution of PP and PS / ABS, which occupies most of plastics collected in the market.
- a thick line indicates PP
- a thin line indicates PS / ABS.
- the specific gravity of PP has a distribution centering on 0.9
- the specific gravity of PS / ABS has a distribution centering on 1.05.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the average bromine concentration in the plastic against the specific gravity in the plastic of this example.
- the thick line indicates the target value before the bromine-containing plastic is removed
- the thin line indicates the target value after the bromine-containing plastic is removed by the bromine-containing plastic removing apparatus shown in FIG.
- the target value is 300 ppm. This is a numerical value that can guarantee any RoHS-targeted brominated flame retardant of less than 1000 ppm (RoHS conformance standard) as a compound as long as the bromine concentration is less than 300 ppm.
- the bromine-containing PP has a high average bromine concentration of 1.0 to 1.05
- the bromine-containing PS / ABS has a high average bromine concentration of 1.1 or more. is there. Since bromine has a higher specific gravity than plastic, the specific gravity of plastic increases when added to plastic.
- PP separated by specific gravity selection with a specific gravity threshold of 1.0 has a bromine concentration of less than 300 ppm without removing the bromine-containing plastic.
- PS / ABS contains bromine-containing PP, which can be separated by electrostatic sorting in the subsequent stage.
- electrostatic sorting the separation of PS and ABS is mentioned, but bromine-containing PP is included in PS after electrostatic sorting. Since charging characteristics are different between PS and PP, PS and PP can be separated by further electrostatic sorting.
- the bromine-containing PS / ABS cannot be separated by electrostatic sorting, the bromine-containing plastic is removed by specific gravity sorting if the method of removing bromine-containing plastic by detecting the presence of bromine as described in Fig. 3 is not used.
- the specific gravity threshold of specific gravity selection is too large at 1.1, and the specific gravity threshold is set smaller than 1.1, for example, 1.07. It is necessary to remove bromine-containing plastic.
- the bromine-containing plastic is removed by detecting the presence of bromine as described with reference to FIG. 3, the bromine-containing PS / ABS can be separated at a later stage, so that the specific gravity threshold can be increased. That is, by increasing the selection threshold ⁇ 2 for the second specific gravity selection in the second embodiment (1.1 in the example of the second embodiment), the amount of plastic removed by the second specific gravity selection can be reduced.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the recovery rate of PP and PS / ABS when the specific gravity threshold value in the specific gravity selection is on the horizontal axis and specific gravity selection is performed with the specific gravity threshold value.
- the recovery rate is almost 100% when the specific gravity threshold is 1.0.
- PS / ABS for example, if the specific gravity threshold is 1.1, the recovery rate is 90% or more, and the recovery rate is higher than when the specific gravity threshold is set to, for example, 1.07 in order to remove the bromine-containing plastic by specific gravity selection. There is an effect that can be greatly improved.
- the specific gravity threshold ⁇ 1 of the first specific gravity selection in the first and second embodiments and the specific gravity threshold ⁇ 2 of the second specific gravity selection in the second embodiment are determined as follows. As explained in the first embodiment, among the plastics to be mixed and crushed in which plastics having different specific gravity distributions are mixed, that is, among the plastics to be sorted, first, the specific gravity is the highest, such as PP (polypropylene). ⁇ 1 is determined based on the specific gravity distribution of a small (light) plastic. As described in the first embodiment and the above, when the lightest plastic is PP, ⁇ 1 is preferably 1.0.
- the method for producing recycled plastic provides a step of detecting the presence of bromine and removing the bromine-containing plastic in the subsequent stage, thereby appropriately setting the specific gravity threshold for specific gravity selection.
- the specific gravity range of the separation target can be expanded, and the recovery rate of the RoHS-compliant PP, PS, and ABS can be improved.
- Embodiment 3 the plastic sorting method according to the method for producing recycled plastic has been described.
- the plastic sorting apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention for the plastic sorting method in the above embodiment, Even if mixed and crushed plastics with different thicknesses are mixed (made of bromine-containing plastics and bromine-free plastics), each crushed plastic (hereinafter also referred to as a plastic piece) is subjected to thickness selection means.
- the transmittance of X-rays transmitted through the thickness-selected plastic piece is detected, and the plastic piece is selected for each thickness selection based on the detected transmission X-ray data and the thickness data in the thickness selection means.
- plastic pieces can be selected with high accuracy. Therefore, it becomes possible to select with higher accuracy, and by appropriately setting a specific gravity threshold value for specific gravity selection, it is possible to widen the specific gravity range of the separation target object, and further improve the recovery rate of RoHS-compliant PP, PS, and ABS.
- a plastic sorting device 50 includes a hopper 59 as a supply device for supplying a plastic piece 51, a thickness sorting unit 52 for sorting the plastic piece 51 by thickness, that is, a thickness sorting means, and a conveying device.
- An air gun (air blow) 57 that is a mechanism, that is, a separation part, and a plastic containing a bromine having a predetermined value or less out of the plastic piece 51 separated by the air gun 57.
- a collection container 58a for collecting the piece 51a (which may be classified as a bromine-free plastic) and a plastic piece 51b (which may be classified as a bromine-containing plastic) containing more bromine than a predetermined value are collected.
- a recovery container 58b is also collected.
- the thickness selecting section 52 is provided below the hopper 59, and has a slide 61 having a slope in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, that is, a slide member, and a longitudinal side wall formed on each side of the slide 61.
- the slide 61 is inclined in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, but may be inclined only in the longitudinal direction.
- the slide 61 has a plastic supply part 61a on the side with a high inclination in the longitudinal direction and a plastic discharge part 61b on the side with a low inclination, and a sorting plate 63a on the side wall 62b provided on the low inclination side in the width direction. 63b are bonded or welded at one end. As shown in FIG. 11, the sorting plates 63a and 63b extend toward the plastic discharge portion 61b, and as shown in FIG. 12, a passage portion 65a through which a plastic piece having a thickness less than a desired thickness passes between the slide plate 61 and the slide plate 61. 65b is formed.
- the passage portion 65 a has an opening height higher than that of the passage portion 65 b, and is provided on the side having a higher inclination in the width direction of the slide 61.
- the number of the plates is not limited to this, and a finer thickness sorting becomes possible as the number increases.
- Partition plates 64a and 64b are bonded or welded to the other ends of the sorting plates 63a and 63b, and extend in the direction of the plastic discharge portion 61b in contact with the inclined surface of the slide 61 so that the thickness-selected plastic pieces 51 are not mixed again.
- the slide 61 is provided with a vibration device for applying vibration to the plastic piece 51 (not shown.
- a vibration device as shown in Japanese Patent No. 3035280 may be used). It has been.
- the partition plates 64a and 64b and the sorting plates 63a and 63b are formed separately, they may be formed as a single plate.
- a belt conveyor 53 is provided on the downstream side of the thickness selecting section 52, an X-ray irradiation source 54 for irradiating the plastic piece 51 with X-rays in the middle of the conveying path of the belt conveyor 53, and this plastic among the irradiated X-rays.
- An X-ray detector 55 is provided for detecting the transmittance of X-rays transmitted through the piece 51 for each thickness selected.
- an X-ray line sensor capable of measuring an X-ray intensity distribution in a line is used, but an X-ray intensity distribution in a line or in a plane can be measured (for example, An X-ray imaging intensifier, an X-ray CCD camera, an X-ray scintillator, a position-sensitive proportional counter, etc.) may be used.
- the transmittance of the X-rays detected by the X-ray detector 55 is based on the thickness information of the thickness selecting portion 52, that is, the opening height information of the passing portions 65a and 65b formed on the selecting plates 63a and 63b.
- the discriminating device 56 which is a data processing unit that performs processing, and the discriminating device 56 compares the judgment reference value set based on the thickness information with the detected X-ray transmittance and compares the detected plastic piece 51a ( The bromine-based flame retardant is contained below a predetermined value), and the result is output as a control signal for the air gun 57.
- the air gun 57 is provided at the end portion of the belt conveyor 53, and in accordance with a control signal received from the determination device 56, a plastic piece 51a (containing a brominated flame retardant below a predetermined value) and a plastic piece 51b (more than a predetermined value) Of bromine-based flame retardant).
- Collection containers 58a and 58b are provided at the positions where the ejected plastic pieces 51a and 51b are dropped in the front-rear or left-right direction depending on the ejection direction.
- Plastic pieces 51 having various thicknesses (for example, a thickness of 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less) supplied from the hopper 59 to the supply unit 61a of the slide 61 are subjected to vibrations via the slide 61 by the vibration device, and are separated. As shown by an arrow in FIG. 11, the thickness of the slide 61 is sorted by the sorting plates 63a and 63b while moving the slope of the slide 61 toward the plastic piece discharge portion 61b.
- the thickness of the plastic piece 51 is 0.5 mm or more and less than 1 mm. Things pass through the passage portions 65a and 65b, and those having a thickness of 1 mm or more and less than 2 mm pass through the passage portion 65a, but do not pass through the passage portion 65b, and any of the plastic pieces 51 having a thickness of 2 mm or more and 3 mm or less Neither passage part 65a, 65b passes. As a result, the plastic piece 51 is sorted into three types (thickness 0.5 mm or more and less than 1 mm, 1 mm or more and less than 2 mm, 2 mm or more and 3 mm or less) for each thickness.
- the three types of plastic pieces 51 thus selected for each thickness are the side walls 62a and 62b and the partition plates 64a and 64b shown in FIG. 13 (thicknesses of 0.5 mm or more and less than 1 mm are the side walls).
- 62b and the partition plate 64b those having a thickness of 1 mm or more and less than 2 mm move on the slope of the slide 61 surrounded by the partition plates 64a and 64b, and those having a thickness of 2 mm or more and 3 mm or less by the side wall 62a and the partition plate 64a).
- the plastic piece is discharged from the discharge portion 61b.
- the discharged plastic piece 51 is conveyed by the belt conveyor 53 and irradiated with X-rays when passing through the irradiation region of the X-ray irradiation source 54.
- the X-rays that have passed through the plastic piece 51 are detected by the X-ray detector 55 for each thickness of the thickness selecting unit 52, and the discrimination device 56 together with the positional information for detecting the transmittance. Sent to.
- the discriminator 56 determines a determination reference value from preset X-ray transmittances based on the thickness information based on the position information, and detects the determination reference value and the X-ray detector 55. After comparing the X-ray transmittance, if the detected X-ray transmittance is greater than or equal to the determination standard value, the plastic piece 51a (containing a brominated flame retardant less than the predetermined value), and if less than the determination standard value, the plastic A control signal is transmitted to the air gun 57 by discriminating the piece 51b (containing more brominated flame retardant than a predetermined value).
- the plastic piece 51 conveyed to the injection port of the air gun 57 by the belt conveyor 53 is plastic piece 51a (predetermined for each thickness selected according to this control signal. And a plastic piece 51b (containing more bromine-based flame retardant than a predetermined value) and recovered in the respective recovery containers 58a and 58b.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the X-ray transmittance according to the thickness of the plastic piece, and shows the case where the bromine content is 0 mass% and 1 mass%.
- the X-ray transmittance is a value obtained by standardizing the X-ray dose that has passed through each sample, assuming that the X-ray dose before passing through the plastic piece is 1.
- the reason why the X-ray transmittance does not become 1 even when the bromine content is 0% by mass is that carbon, which is a component of the plastic material, also absorbs X-rays. It shows that it is caused not only by an increase in content but also by an increase in the thickness of the plastic.
- the X-ray transmittance of the plastic piece 51b (bromine content is higher than 1% by mass) in a predetermined thickness range (0.5 mm or more and less than 1 mm) is always equal to or less than the determination reference value, and the plastic piece 51a is discriminated. Is possible.
- the determination standard value is 1 mm and 2 mm, respectively, and the X-ray transmittance is 1% by mass of bromine. Good.
- the plastic pieces 51a and 51b can be discriminate
- the reason why the X-ray transmittance having a bromine content of 1% by mass is used as the above-mentioned determination reference value is as follows. A survey of recycled plastics that did not comply with the RoHS Directive after conventional material sorting revealed that some 1000 to 20 plastic pieces after sorting contain plastic pieces with bromine content exceeding 1% by mass. Was. When a plastic piece having a bromine content exceeding 1% by mass was removed from these plastic pieces, the recycled resin was compliant with the RoHS directive. Line transmittance was adopted.
- FIG. 17 shows the plastic sorting apparatus according to the third embodiment for practicing the present invention used as an apparatus as a specific example of the bromine-containing plastic removing method using the X-ray according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. A specific example will be shown.
- the air gun 57 is changed from a launching type to a lowering type in accordance with FIG. 3, and an X-ray irradiation position, an X-ray detection position, and an air gun 57 are used.
- the sorting position differs depending on the point behind the belt conveyor 53.
- plastic pieces 51 having various thicknesses are sorted for each thickness, and then the plastic pieces 51 are irradiated with X-rays to detect the transmittance for each selected thickness. Then, the detected X-ray transmittance is discriminated by comparison with a judgment reference value based on the thickness information, and a plastic piece 51a containing a brominated flame retardant having a predetermined value or less is selected based on the discriminated result.
- a plastic piece 51a containing a brominated flame retardant having a predetermined value or less is selected based on the discriminated result.
- the plastic piece with high sorting accuracy is used. 51 can be selected.
- the thickness selecting portion 52 uses plastic plates 63a and 63b that form passage portions 65a and 65b through which a plastic piece 51 having a thickness less than a desired thickness passes, thereby enabling plastic pieces having various thicknesses with a simple configuration. 51 can be easily selected for thickness.
- the thickness selecting unit 52 inclines the slide 61 in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, more plastic pieces 51 spread on the inclined surface and move on the slide 61. Therefore, the thickness selection accuracy of the plastic piece 51 is increased. Can be improved.
- the thickness sorter 52 is provided with the vibration device, the plastic piece 51 to which vibration is applied is separated into a single layer and moves on the slide 61. Therefore, the thickness sorting accuracy of the plastic piece 51 is further increased. It can be improved.
- partition plates 64a and 64b are provided on the downstream side of the thickness selecting section 52, it is possible to prevent the plastic pieces 51 once having been subjected to thickness selection from being mixed again and to improve the thickness selection accuracy.
- FIG. 15 shows another embodiment of the thickness selecting section in the present invention.
- the thickness selecting section 70 includes a first slide 71a, that is, a slide member having an inclination in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, and a plastic piece provided on the side surface in the longitudinal direction of the first slide 71a.
- a supply port 75 that is, a side wall 72a having a supply portion, a counter plate 73 that faces the first slide 71a, and a second slide 71b that is mounted on the first slide 71a on the low-tilt side in the longitudinal direction.
- the first slide 71a is provided with a vibration device (not shown) that applies vibration to the plastic piece 51.
- the counter plate 73 has a larger inclination in the width direction than the first slide 71a, and a passage portion 76 through which a plastic piece 51 having a thickness less than a desired thickness passes is formed between the counter plate 73 and the height in the width direction is plastic.
- the partition plate 74 provided on the slope of the second slide 71b extends along the slope, and prevents the plastic pieces 51 whose thicknesses are selected by the passage portion 76 from being mixed again.
- the plastic piece 51 having various thicknesses supplied to the first slide 71a from the plastic piece supply port 75 is vibrated through the first slide 71a by the vibration device to be separated into a single layer.
- the plastic piece 51 having a smaller thickness moves to a lower inclined side along the wedge shape formed in the width direction 76.
- the plastic pieces 51 are arranged in the thickness direction in the width direction, and at the same time, move to the second slide 71b along the inclination of the passage portion 76, respectively.
- the plastic piece 51 moved to the second slide 71b moves along the slope surrounded by the side wall 72b and the partition plate 74 in the direction of the arrow in the figure according to the selected thickness, and is discharged to the belt conveyor 53. Thereafter, the plastic pieces 51 discharged to the belt conveyor 53 are sorted in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the thickness selecting portion 70 is formed by using a first slide 71a inclined in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, and a passage portion 76 having a wedge shape in the width direction using the opposing plate 73 disposed to face the first slide 71a.
- the thickness of the plastic piece can be easily selected with a simple configuration. Further, since the thickness to be selected is determined by the shape of the passage portion 76, the plastic piece 51 can be selected into a wide variety of thicknesses with a small number of parts.
- FIG. 16 shows still another embodiment of the thickness selecting section in the present invention.
- the thickness selecting section 80 includes a first slide 81a having an inclination in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, that is, a slide member, and a plastic piece provided at the side surface in the longitudinal direction of the first slide 81a. 51, a side wall 82a having a supply portion, a counter plate 83 facing the first slide 81a, and a second slide mounted on the lower side of the first slide 81a in the longitudinal direction.
- the first slide 81a is provided with a vibration device (not shown) that applies vibration to the plastic piece 51.
- the counter plate 83 has a stepped shape in the width direction, and a passage portion 86 for allowing the plastic piece 51 having a thickness less than a desired thickness to pass between the first slide 81a and the side near the plastic piece supply port 85 is widened. Forming. Further, the partition plate 84 provided on the slope of the second slide 81b extends along the slope, and prevents the plastic pieces 51 whose thickness is selected by the passage portion 86 from being mixed again.
- the plastic piece 51 having various thicknesses supplied from the plastic piece supply port 85 to the first slide base 81a is vibrated through the first slide base 81a by the vibration device to be separated into a single layer.
- the thin plastic piece 51 moves to a lower inclined side along the step shape formed in the width direction of 86.
- the plastic pieces 51 are arranged in the order of thickness of the step portions in the width direction and simultaneously move to the second slide 81b along the inclination of the passage portion 86, respectively.
- the plastic piece 51 moved to the second slide 81b moves along the slope surrounded by the side wall 82b and the partition plate 84 in the direction of the arrow in the figure according to the selected thickness, and is discharged to the belt conveyor 53. Thereafter, the plastic pieces 51 discharged to the belt conveyor 53 are sorted in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- the thickness selecting section 80 includes a first slide 81a inclined in the longitudinal direction and the width direction, and a stepped passage section 86 in the width direction using the counter plate 83 disposed to face the first slide 81a.
- the thickness of the plastic piece can be easily selected with a simple configuration. Furthermore, since the thickness to be selected is determined by the shape of the passage portion 86, the plastic piece 51 can be selected into a wide variety of thicknesses with a small number of parts.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明の実施の形態1によるリサイクルプラスチックの製造方法に係るプラスチックの選別方法を示すフローチャートである。図1において、混合破砕プラスチックを、比重閾値をあらかじめ決定した値Ρ1(ここでΡはギリシャ文字ローの大文字)に設定して、ここではΡ1を1.0として第一の比重選別を行い、比重1.0より軽いプラスチックと比重1.0より重いプラスチックおよび金属に選別する。
浮沈選別装置本体は、液体媒体9を貯留できる浮沈水槽2、浮遊物を攪拌、搬送するためのパドル3、沈降物を搬送するスクリューコンベア5aを備える。定量供給装置1で矢印8の流れで示されるように混合破砕プラスチックが液体媒体中に分散投入され、この混合破砕プラスチック中の浮遊物は、パドル3で液体媒体上を搬送され、振動篩4を通過して浮上選別物の流れ10の矢印で示されるように、浮上選別物が回収される。液体媒体に水(比重=1.0)を使用することにより、混合破砕プラスチック中から比重が水より小さいPP(比重≒0.9)のみを浮上選別物として回収することができる。なお、浮上選別物が回収され、残った液体媒体13はポンプ付タンク7により浮沈水槽2に戻される。
図4は本発明の実施の形態2によるリサイクルプラスチックの製造方法を示すフローチャートである。図4において、混合破砕プラスチックを、第一の比重選別の工程においてあらかじめ決定しておいた比重閾値Ρ1に設定して比重選別を行う。ここではΡ1を1.0とし、比重1.0より軽いPPと比重1.0より重いプラスチックおよび金属に選別する。次に、前記比重1.0より重いプラスチックを、あらかじめ決定した比重閾値Ρ2に設定して第二の比重選別を行う。ここではΡ2を1.1とし、比重1.1より軽いPSとABSの混合物と比重1.1より重いプラスチックおよび金属に選別する。第二の比重選別により比重1.1より軽いとして選別されたPSとABSの混合物を摩擦等により帯電させ、PSとABSの帯電特性が異なることを利用して、静電界中でPSとABSに選別する。静電選別後のPS、ABSから、図3で説明した臭素含有プラスチックを除去する装置により、臭素含有PS、ABSを除去し、RoHS適合PS、ABSが回収される。
上記実施の形態では、リサイクルプラスチックの製造方法に係るプラスチックの選別方法について説明したが、本発明の実施の形態3に係るプラスチックの選別装置を上記実施の形態におけるプラスチックの選別方法に用いることで、厚さの異なる混合破砕プラスチックが混在(臭素含有プラスチック、臭素非含有プラスチックからなる)している場合であっても、それぞれの破砕プラスチック(以下、プラスチック片とも記載する)に、厚さ選別手段により厚さ選別されたプラスチック片を透過したX線の透過率をそれぞれ検出し、その検出した透過X線のデータと厚さ選別手段における厚さデータとに基づいて厚さ選別毎にプラスチック片を選別することにより、プラスチック片の厚さに起因する誤判定を防止でき、種々の厚さを有するプラスチック片であっても高精度で選別できる。そのため、より高精度の選別が可能となり、比重選別の比重閾値を適宜設定することで分別対象物の比重範囲を広げることができ、RoHS適合PP、PS、ABSの回収率を更に向上できる。
なお、滑り台61は長手方向および幅方向に傾斜したものであるが、長手方向のみ傾斜したものであっても良い。
ここでは2枚の選別板を用いているが、その枚数はこれに限るものではなく、枚数が多いほど細かな厚さ選別が可能となる。
その結果、プラスチック片51は厚さ毎に3種類(厚さ0.5mm以上1mm未満、1mm以上2mm未満、2mm以上3mm以下)に選別される。
図14はプラスチック片の厚さに応じたX線の透過率を示すグラフで、臭素含有率が0質量%、1質量%のものについて示している。(X線の透過率とはプラスチック片を透過する前のX線量を1とし、各試料を透過したX線量を規格化した値をいう。)
臭素含有率が0質量%であってもX線の透過率が1とならないのはプラスチック素材の構成要素である炭素等もX線を吸収するためで、X線の透過率の低下は臭素の含有率増加のみならずプラスチックの厚さ増大によっても生じることを示している。
図15は本発明における厚さ選別部の他の実施の形態を示す。図15において、厚さ選別部70は長手方向および幅方向に傾斜を有する第1の滑り台71aすなわち滑り部材と、第1の滑り台71aの長手方向の側面に設けられ最も傾斜の高い位置にプラスチック片を供給する供給口75すなわち供給部を有する側壁72aと、第1の滑り台71aと対向した対向板73と、第1の滑り台71aの長手方向の傾斜の低い側に装着された第2の滑り台71bと、第2の滑り台71bの長手方向の側面に設けられた側壁72bと、第2の滑り台71bの斜面に設けられ選別された厚さ毎にプラスチック片51を仕切る仕切り板74とから構成されている。また、第1の滑り台71aにはプラスチック片51に振動を加える振動装置(図示していない)が設けられている。
また、第2の滑り台71bの斜面に設けられた仕切り板74はその傾斜に沿って伸び、通過部76で厚さ選別されたプラスチック片51が再び混在するのを防いでいる。
プラスチック片の供給口75から第1の滑り台71aに供給された種々の厚さを有するプラスチック片51は、振動装置により第1の滑り台71aを介して振動が加えられバラバラの一層状態となり、通過部76の幅方向に形成されたくさび形状に沿って、厚さの薄いプラスチック片51ほど傾斜の低い側へ移動する。そしてこのプラスチック片51は幅方向において厚さ順に並ぶと同時に、それぞれ通過部76の傾斜に沿って第2の滑り台71bへと移動する。
図16は本発明における厚さ選別部のまた他の実施の形態を示す。図16において、厚さ選別部80は長手方向および幅方向に傾斜を有する第1の滑り台81aすなわち滑り部材と、第1の滑り台81aの長手方向の側面に設けられ最も傾斜の高い位置にプラスチック片51を供給する供給口85すなわち供給部を有する側壁82aと、第1の滑り台81aと対向した対向板83と、第1の滑り台81aの長手方向の傾斜の低い側に装着された第2の滑り台81bと、第2の滑り台81bの長手方向の側面に設けられた側壁82bと、第2の滑り台81bの斜面に設けられ選別された厚さ毎にプラスチック片51を仕切る仕切り板84とから構成されている。また、第1の滑り台81aにはプラスチック片51に振動を加える振動装置(図示していない)が設けられている。
また、第2の滑り台81bの斜面に設けられた仕切り板84はその傾斜に沿って伸び、通過部86で厚さ選別されたプラスチック片51が再び混在するのを防いでいる。
プラスチック片の供給口85から第1の滑り台81aに供給された種々の厚さを有するプラスチック片51は、振動装置により第1の滑り台81aを介して振動が加えられバラバラの一層状態となり、通過部86の幅方向に形成された階段形状に沿って、厚さの薄いプラスチック片51ほど傾斜の低い側へ移動する。そしてこのプラスチック片51は幅方向において段部の厚さ順に並ぶと同時にそれぞれ通過部86の傾斜に沿って第2の滑り台81bへと移動する。
Claims (7)
- 混合破砕プラスチックから比重選別法にて第一の比重閾値Ρ1より軽いプラスチックを分別する第一の比重選別工程と、
上記分別する軽いプラスチックの比重分布から上記第一の比重選別工程における比重閾値Ρ1を決定する工程と、
X線源からのX線を上記分別された軽いプラスチックに照射し、透過X線検出器により上記分別された軽いプラスチックからの透過X線を検出し、検出された透過X線のデータを解析して上記分別された軽いプラスチック中の臭素の存否を判別するデータ処理部からの信号に基づいて、臭素の存否により、上記分別された軽いプラスチックから臭素含有プラスチックを除去する臭素含有プラスチック除去工程と、
を有することを特徴とするプラスチックの選別方法。 - 混合破砕プラスチックから比重選別法にて第一の比重閾値Ρ1より軽いプラスチックと上記第一の比重閾値Ρ1より重いプラスチックとを分別する第一の比重選別工程と、
上記分別する軽いプラスチックの比重分布から上記第一の比重閾値Ρ1を決定する工程と、
上記第一の比重選別工程で分別された上記第一の比重閾値Ρ1より重いプラスチックから、比重選別法にて第二の比重閾値Ρ2より軽いプラスチックを分別する第二の比重選別工程と、
上記第二の比重選別工程で分別される、上記第二の比重閾値Ρ2より軽いプラスチックの比重分布と分別対象ではない物質の比重とに基いて上記第二の比重閾値Ρ2を決定する工程と、
上記第二の比重選別工程により分別されたプラスチックを静電選別法により2種類のプラスチックに分別する静電選別工程と、
X線源からのX線を上記分別された2種類のプラスチックに照射し、透過X線検出器により上記分別された2種類のプラスチックからの透過X線を検出し、検出された透過X線のデータを解析して上記分別された2種類のプラスチック中の臭素の存否を判別するデータ処理部からの信号に基づいて、臭素の存否により、上記分別された2種類のプラスチックから臭素含有プラスチックを除去する臭素含有プラスチック除去工程と、
を有することを特徴とするプラスチックの選別方法。 - プラスチック片を厚さ毎に選別する厚さ選別手段と、該厚さ選別手段により選別されたプラスチック片にX線を照射する照射手段と、前記選別されたプラスチック片を透過したX線の透過率を検出する検出手段と、該検出手段で検出した透過X線のデータ及び前記厚さ選別手段における厚さデータに基づいてプラスチック片を選別することを特徴とするプラスチックの選別装置。
- 前記検出手段で検出した透過X線のデータ及び前記厚さ選別手段における厚さデータに基づいて、選別された厚さ毎にX線の透過率が所定値以下のプラスチック片を選別することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2のいずれか一項に記載のプラスチックの選別装置。
- 前記厚さ選別手段は、プラスチック片の供給側から排出側へと向かう傾斜面と、該傾斜面の傾斜方向と少なくとも1点で交差し前記プラスチック片の供給側から排出側へと向かって設けられた選別部材とを有し、前記傾斜面と前記選別部材との間に所定の厚さ未満のプラスチック片が通過することを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2のいずれか一項に記載のプラスチックの選別装置。
- 前記厚さ選別手段は、振動機構を設けたことを特徴とする請求項3乃至請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のプラスチックの選別装置。
- 前記請求項1又は前記請求項2のいずれか一項に記載のプラスチックの選別方法であって、前記請求項3乃至前記請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のプラスチックの選別装置を備えたことを特徴とするプラスチックの選別方法。
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JP2019076870A (ja) * | 2017-10-27 | 2019-05-23 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 分別装置およびシート製造装置 |
CN111686934A (zh) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-22 | 杭州简弈科技有限公司 | 一种用于固体颗粒物的多功能磁选分离机 |
CN115228905B (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-02-20 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种处理废电路板中非金属材料的方法 |
CN115228905A (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-10-25 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种处理废电路板中非金属材料的方法 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102307713B (zh) | 2014-06-04 |
CN102307713A (zh) | 2012-01-04 |
KR101427548B1 (ko) | 2014-08-07 |
DE112009004345T5 (de) | 2012-06-21 |
JPWO2010092645A1 (ja) | 2012-08-16 |
TWI449578B (zh) | 2014-08-21 |
KR101327623B1 (ko) | 2013-11-12 |
JP5498400B2 (ja) | 2014-05-21 |
DE112009004345B4 (de) | 2015-12-03 |
TW201032909A (en) | 2010-09-16 |
KR20130110230A (ko) | 2013-10-08 |
KR20110102952A (ko) | 2011-09-19 |
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