WO2010082437A1 - フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010082437A1 WO2010082437A1 PCT/JP2009/071450 JP2009071450W WO2010082437A1 WO 2010082437 A1 WO2010082437 A1 WO 2010082437A1 JP 2009071450 W JP2009071450 W JP 2009071450W WO 2010082437 A1 WO2010082437 A1 WO 2010082437A1
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- Prior art keywords
- vinylidene fluoride
- fluoride resin
- hollow fiber
- porous membrane
- fiber porous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/002—Organic membrane manufacture from melts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0023—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
- B01D67/0025—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by mechanical treatment, e.g. pore-stretching
- B01D67/0027—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by mechanical treatment, e.g. pore-stretching by stretching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0023—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes
- B01D67/003—Organic membrane manufacture by inducing porosity into non porous precursor membranes by selective elimination of components, e.g. by leaching
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0095—Drying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/0283—Pore size
- B01D2325/02834—Pore size more than 0.1 and up to 1 µm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/34—Molecular weight or degree of polymerisation
- B01D2325/341—At least two polymers of same structure but different molecular weight
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
- C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hollow fiber porous membrane (hollow fiber-like porous membrane) made of a vinylidene fluoride resin excellent in (filter) water treatment performance, and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors also melt-extruded a vinylidene fluoride resin having a specific molecular weight characteristic into a hollow fiber shape together with a plasticizer and a good solvent of the vinylidene fluoride resin, and then perform extraction removal and stretching of the plasticizer.
- a plasticizer and a good solvent of the vinylidene fluoride resin
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 below.
- the particles have an appropriate size for removing the particles to be removed and have a more uniform pore size distribution.
- MF microfiltration
- typical harmful microorganisms In order to ensure removal of Cryptosporidium as an average, the average pore size is 0.25 ⁇ m or less and has a uniform pore size distribution, and there is little contamination (clogging) by organic substances during continuous filtration operation of turbid water, and high water permeability It is desirable to maintain From this viewpoint, the hollow fiber porous membrane disclosed in the following Patent Document 4 has an excessive average pore diameter, and the hollow fiber porous membrane disclosed in the following Patent Document 6 is used to maintain the water permeability in the continuous filtration operation of turbid water. The problem remains.
- JP-A 63-296939 JP-A 63-296940 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-215535 WO02 / 070115A WO2004 / 081109A WO2007 / 010932A
- the present invention has fine pores that give high porosity and is good for continuous filtration of muddy water. It aims at providing the vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber porous membrane which shows water-permeability maintenance performance, and its manufacturing method.
- the vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber porous membrane of the present invention has been developed to achieve the above-mentioned object. More specifically, the vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber porous membrane comprises a hollow fiber-shaped vinylidene fluoride resin porous membrane,
- the ratio Pmax / Pm of the maximum pore diameter Pmax and the average pore diameter Pm by the bubble point method (ASTM F316 and ASTM E1294) is 2.0 or less, Pm is 0.13 ⁇ m to 0.25 ⁇ m, the variation coefficient of the outer surface pore diameter is 70% or less, and
- the porosity is 75 to 90%.
- the present inventors have conducted continuous filtration performance of muddy water for various vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber porous membranes including those disclosed in Patent Documents 5 and 6 above.
- a continuous filtration test (details will be described later) by the MBR method (membrane separation activated sludge method) is performed, and the differential pressure increase in the membrane filtration process over 2 hours is 0.133 kPa or less.
- the critical water flow rate critical flux determined as the water flow rate (maximum flux) was evaluated as a practical standard for the water flow rate maintenance ability, and the relationship between the results and the outer surface characteristics of the hollow fiber porous membrane obtained from the SEM observation results I investigated.
- the hollow fiber porous membrane of Patent Document 6 has a large variation in the diameter of the hole (outer surface hole diameter) opened to the outer surface on the water supply side, in addition to the slightly smaller average pore diameter Pm. It has been found that the maintenance ability has been reduced. That is, the vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber porous membrane of the present invention defined above has a uniform pore size by the half dry / bubble point method, the average is moderately small, the outer surface pore size is uniform, and high It is characterized by having a porosity.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the hollow fiber porous membranes obtained in Patent Documents 5 and 6 have a variation in the outer surface pore diameter in order to improve the water permeability and the strength.
- the heat treatment performed for improving the stretchability prior to the stretching process of this increases the crystallinity of the unstretched hollow fiber porous membrane, thereby increasing the rigidity and causing excessive stretching stress to work.
- the method for producing a vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber porous membrane according to the present invention includes stretching a vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber porous membrane having a Young's modulus of 80 MPa or less at an ambient temperature of 80 to 95 ° C.
- the vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber of the present invention is produced.
- a vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 200,000 to 600,000 as a main film material.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- Mw is more preferably 300,000 to 600,000, since the stretching is performed at 80 ° C. or higher, which is higher than usual, without pre-crystallization by heat treatment.
- the vinylidene fluoride resin a homopolymer of vinylidene fluoride, that is, a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride, another copolymerizable monomer, or a mixture thereof is used.
- the monomer copolymerizable with the vinylidene fluoride resin one or more of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, ethylene trifluoride, ethylene trifluoride chloride, vinyl fluoride and the like can be used.
- the vinylidene fluoride resin preferably contains 70 mol% or more of vinylidene fluoride as a structural unit. Among them, it is preferable to use a homopolymer composed of 100 mol% of vinylidene fluoride because of its high mechanical strength.
- the relatively high molecular weight vinylidene fluoride resin as described above can be obtained by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization, particularly preferably suspension polymerization.
- the vinylidene fluoride resin that forms the porous film of the present invention has a matrix (main) resin of 70 to 98% by weight of vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 150,000 to 600,000.
- the addition of 2 to 30% by weight of a high molecular weight vinylidene fluoride-based resin for crystal property modification is 1.8 times or more, preferably 2 times or more and 1.2 million or less.
- a plastic composition of vinylidene fluoride resin and a good solvent are added to the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride resin to form a raw material composition for film formation.
- the plasticizer is generally an aliphatic polyester composed of dibasic acid and glycol, for example, adipic acid-based polyester such as adipic acid-propylene glycol-based, adipic acid-1,3-butylene glycol-based; sebacic acid-propylene glycol Sebacic acid polyesters such as azelaic acid; azelaic acid polyesters such as azelaic acid-propylene glycol and azelaic acid-1,3-butylene glycol are used.
- adipic acid-based polyester such as adipic acid-propylene glycol-based, adipic acid-1,3-butylene glycol-based
- sebacic acid-propylene glycol Sebacic acid polyesters such as azelaic acid
- azelaic acid polyesters such as azelaic acid-propylene glycol and azelaic acid-1,3-butylene glycol are used.
- N-methylpyrrolidone As the good solvent for the vinylidene fluoride resin, a solvent capable of dissolving the vinylidene fluoride resin in a temperature range of 20 to 250 ° C. is used.
- N-methylpyrrolidone dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide
- examples thereof include methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl acetate, propylene carbonate, cyclohexane, methyl isobutyl ketone, dimethyl phthalate, and a mixed solvent thereof.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- the raw material composition for forming the porous film is preferably 100 to 300 parts by weight, more preferably 140 parts by weight in total of the plasticizer and the good solvent for the vinylidene fluoride resin with respect to 100 parts by weight of the vinylidene fluoride resin. It is obtained by adding to 220 parts by weight, of which good solvent ratio is 10 to 25% by weight, more preferably 12.5 to 22.5% by weight, and mixing.
- the melt-extruded composition is generally formed into a film by being extruded from a hollow nozzle at a temperature of 140 to 270 ° C., preferably 150 to 200 ° C. Therefore, as long as a homogeneous composition in the above temperature range is finally obtained, the mixing of the vinylidene fluoride resin, the plasticizer and the good solvent and the molten form are arbitrary.
- a biaxial kneading extruder is used, and the vinylidene fluoride resin (preferably comprising a mixture of a main resin and a crystal characteristic modifying resin) is The mixture of the plasticizer and the good solvent is supplied from the upstream side of the extruder, is supplied downstream, and is made into a homogeneous mixture before being discharged through the extruder.
- This twin-screw extruder can be controlled independently by dividing it into a plurality of blocks along its longitudinal axis direction, and appropriate temperature adjustment is made according to the contents of the passing material of each block.
- the melt-extruded hollow fiber membrane is introduced into a cooling liquid bath, and is preferentially cooled from its outer surface to form a solidified film.
- a hollow fiber membrane having an enlarged diameter is obtained by cooling while injecting an inert gas such as air or nitrogen into the hollow portion of the hollow fiber membrane-like material. It is advantageous to obtain a hollow fiber porous membrane with a small amount of reduction (WO2005 / 032700A1).
- the cooling liquid a liquid which is generally inert (that is, non-solvent and non-reactive) to the vinylidene fluoride resin, preferably water is used.
- the temperature of the cooling liquid can be selected from a fairly wide temperature range of 0 to 120 ° C., preferably 5 to 100 ° C., particularly preferably 5 to 80 ° C.
- the cooled and solidified hollow fiber membrane is then introduced into the extract bath and subjected to extraction and removal of the plasticizer and good solvent.
- the extract is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the polyvinylidene fluoride resin and can dissolve the plasticizer and good solvent.
- polar solvents having a boiling point of about 30 to 100 ° C. such as methanol and isopropyl alcohol for alcohols and dichloromethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane for chlorinated hydrocarbons are suitable.
- the drying temperature is set to 80 ° C. or less, particularly 50 ° C. or less, and the increase in the crystallinity of the vinylidene fluoride resin during drying is suppressed. It is preferable. This is because when the temperature exceeds 80 ° C., the crystallinity increases even in a drying time of about 1 minute.
- the hollow fiber porous membrane after extraction and drying obtained above according to the present invention is stretched at a temperature of 80 ° C. or higher, preferably 80 to 95 ° C., without particularly performing a heat treatment for crystallization, The porosity and pore diameter of the hollow fiber porous membrane are increased and the strength and elongation are improved.
- the Young's modulus of the hollow fiber porous membrane before stretching is 80 MPa or less, and is usually in the range of 50 to 80 MPa.
- the stretching of the hollow fiber membrane is generally preferably performed as uniaxial stretching in the longitudinal direction of the hollow fiber membrane by a pair of rollers having different peripheral speeds. This is because, in order to harmonize the porosity and the strength and elongation of the vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber porous membrane of the present invention, the stretched fibril (fiber) portion and the unstretched node (node) portion are arranged along the stretching direction. This is because it has been found that a microstructure that appears alternately is preferable.
- Such a fine structure in which a crystal orientation part and a crystal non-orientation part coexist can be confirmed by an X-ray diffraction method.
- the draw ratio is suitably about 2.0 to 3.2 times, particularly about 2.2 to 3.0 times. If the draw ratio is excessive, the tendency of the hollow fiber membrane to break increases, and the variation in the outer surface pore diameter increases.
- the hollow fiber porous membrane of vinylidene fluoride resin obtained as described above is subjected to at least one stage, more preferably at least two stages of relaxation or constant length heat treatment in a non-wetting atmosphere (or medium).
- the non-wetting atmosphere is a non-wetting liquid having a surface tension (JIS K6768) larger than the wetting tension of vinylidene fluoride resin near room temperature, typically water or air. Gas is used.
- the stretched hollow fiber porous membrane obtained above is fed through the above-mentioned non-wetting, preferably heated atmosphere, disposed between the upstream roller and the downstream roller where the peripheral speed gradually decreases. It is obtained by passing.
- the relaxation rate determined by (1 ⁇ (downstream roller circumferential speed / upstream roller circumferential speed)) ⁇ 100 (%) is preferably in the range of 1 to 50% in total. A relaxation rate exceeding 50% is not preferable because it depends on the stretching ratio in the previous step, but is difficult to achieve or even if realized, the effect of improving the water permeability is saturated or decreases.
- the first-stage relaxation temperature is preferably 0 to 100 ° C, particularly 50 to 100 ° C.
- the relaxation treatment time may be short or long as long as a desired relaxation rate is obtained. Generally, it is about 5 seconds to 1 minute, but it is not necessary to be within this range.
- the subsequent relaxation treatment temperature is preferably 80 to 170 ° C., particularly 120 to 160 ° C., so that a relaxation rate of 1 to 20% can be obtained.
- the effect of the relaxation treatment described above is a remarkable effect that the substantial pore diameter distribution of the membrane is maintained and the water permeability of the obtained porous membrane is increased. Moreover, it becomes the heat setting after extending
- the hollow fiber porous membrane of the present invention obtained through the above series of steps has an average pore size Pm of 0.13 to 0.25 ⁇ m, preferably 0, based on the pore size distribution by the half dry / bubble point method (ASTM F316 and ASTM E1294). .15 to 0.20 ⁇ m, the ratio Pmax / Pm of the maximum pore diameter Pmax to the average pore diameter Pm is 1.0 to 2.0, particularly 1.5 to 1.9, the outer surface pore diameter based on the outer surface pore diameter distribution by the SEM method The coefficient of variation is 40 to 70%, particularly 40 to 65%, and the porosity is as high as 75 to 95%.
- the average pore size Pm is less than 0.13 ⁇ m, the water permeability maintaining ability in continuous filtration of muddy water is lowered.
- Pm exceeds 0.25 ⁇ m, the ability to remove turbid substances and bacteria decreases.
- the small ratio of Pmax / Pm means that the uniformity of the pore diameter of the constricted portion of the pores as a whole in the hollow fiber porous membrane of the present invention is high.
- the small variation coefficient of the outer surface pore diameter indicates that the pore diameter distribution of the holes exposed on the outer surface is uniform, and empirically contributes to the improvement of the water permeability maintenance ability of muddy water.
- the hollow fiber porous membrane of the present invention has a critical water permeability measured by the method described later, preferably 0.6 m / day or more, more preferably 0.7 m / day or more. The value of is obtained.
- the upper limit of the critical water permeability is not particularly limited, but it is difficult to realize a critical water permeability exceeding 1.0 m / day.
- the thickness is usually in the range of about 5 to 80 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 600 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 150 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the outer diameter of the hollow fiber is about 0.3 to 3 mm, particularly about 1 to 3 mm. Further, it does not substantially contain residual inorganic fine powder.
- Crystallization temperature Tc (Crystallization temperature Tc) Using a differential scanning calorimeter DSC7 manufactured by PerkinElmer, 10 mg of the sample resin was set in the measurement cell, and the temperature was once raised from a temperature of 30 ° C. to 250 ° C. at a rate of 10 ° C./min in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Then, after holding at 250 ° C. for 1 minute, the temperature was lowered from 250 ° C. to 30 ° C. at a temperature lowering rate of 10 ° C./min to obtain a DSC curve. The exothermic peak temperature in the temperature lowering process in this DSC curve was defined as the crystallization temperature Tc (° C.).
- Sample length L 200 mm of sample hollow fiber porous membrane was immersed in ethanol for 15 minutes, then immersed in pure water for 15 minutes, wetted, and then measured at a water temperature of 25 ° C. and a differential pressure of 100 kPa per day.
- the average pore diameter Pm ( ⁇ m) of the sample membrane is obtained from the air pressure at the point where DRY CURVE) intersects.
- required from the air pressure of the coincidence point of a wetting flow rate curve and a dry flow rate curve is calculated
- the outer surface pore diameter is measured by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) method.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the acceleration voltage is 3 kV and the measurement magnification is 5000 times.
- the hole diameter Di is measured for everything that can be recognized as a hole.
- a measurement module was prepared by fixing one hollow fiber membrane cut to a length of 500 mm between jigs made of stainless steel (upper header and lower header) with an epoxy resin adhesive.
- This modularized hollow fiber membrane sample was dipped in ethanol for 15 minutes and then wetted by replacement with pure water. Then, the hollow fiber membrane was almost at the center of a square cylindrical test water tank having a bottom area of about 30 cm 2 and a height of 600 mm. Soaking was vertical.
- the suction filtration is performed for 2 hours while repeating the 2-minute filtration stop cycle after the suction filtration operation for 13 minutes at a constant water permeability, and the hollow
- the time-dependent change in the differential pressure inside and outside the thread membrane was measured.
- the constant water permeability is initially 0.3 m / day and increases by 0.1 m / day every 2 hours, and the same filtration test until the slope of the differential pressure increase during filtration becomes higher than 0.133 kPa / 2 hours.
- Example 1 Main polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (powder) having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 4.12 ⁇ 10 5 and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) (powder) for crystal property modification having an Mw of 9.36 ⁇ 10 5
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Adipic acid-based polyester plasticizer (“PN-150” manufactured by Asahi Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as the aliphatic polyester and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent were 82.5 wt% / 17.5 wt%.
- the mixture B was stirred and mixed at room temperature to obtain a mixture B.
- the extruded mixture is kept in a molten state, maintained at a temperature of 70 ° C., and led to a water cooling bath having a water surface at a position 280 mm away from the nozzle (that is, an air gap of 280 mm) and cooled and solidified (in the cooling bath).
- a water cooling bath having a water surface at a position 280 mm away from the nozzle (that is, an air gap of 280 mm) and cooled and solidified (in the cooling bath).
- the first intermediate molded body is immersed in dichloromethane at room temperature for 30 minutes while being vibrated, then the dichloromethane is replaced with a new one and immersed again under the same conditions to extract the plasticizer and the solvent, and then Dichloromethane was removed by heating in an oven at a temperature of 30 ° C. for 3 hours and at 50 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain a second intermediate molded body.
- the second intermediate formed body is passed through a water bath at 85 ° C. with a first roll speed of 20.0 m / min, and the second roll speed is set to 48.0 m / min, in the longitudinal direction.
- the film was stretched 2.4 times.
- 11% relaxation treatment was performed in warm water by passing warm water controlled at 90 ° C. and dropping the third roll speed to 42.7 m / min.
- a 1% relaxation treatment was performed in the dry heat bath by passing it through a dry heat bath (2.0 m long) controlled at a space temperature of 140 ° C. and dropping the fourth roll speed to 42.3 m / min. This was wound up to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber porous membrane (third molded body) according to the method of the present invention.
- Example 2 A hollow fiber porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the draw ratio of the second intermediate molded body was increased from 2.4 times to 2.8 times.
- Example 3 A hollow fiber porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the water bath temperature was changed to 55 ° C.
- Example 4 A hollow fiber porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the draw ratio of the second intermediate molded body was increased from 2.4 times to 2.8 times.
- Example 5 A hollow fiber porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the supply ratio of the mixture A / mixture B was changed to 37.4 / 62.6 (wt%) and the water bath temperature was changed to 65 ° C.
- Example 6 A hollow fiber porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the draw ratio of the second intermediate molded body was increased from 2.8 times to 3.0 times.
- Example 1 A hollow fiber porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the stretching temperature was changed to 65 ° C.
- Example 4 A hollow fiber porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 of Patent Document 6: That is, the plasticizer / solvent ratio in the mixture B is 72.5 / 27.5 (wt%), the supply ratio of the mixture A / mixture B is 35.7 / 64.3 (wt%), and the water bath temperature is 48 ° C, take-up speed of 10.0 m / min, drying conditions after extraction at 120 ° C with heat treatment effect for 1 hour, stretching conditions 2.2 times at 60 ° C, first stage relaxation after stretching A hollow fiber porous membrane was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that, in dichloromethane at a temperature of 5 ° C., the relaxation rate was changed to 5% and the second-stage relaxation rate was changed to 5%.
- Table 1 summarizes the outline of the production conditions for the above Examples and Comparative Examples and the representative properties of the obtained hollow fiber porous membrane.
- the vinylidene fluoride resin is melt-extruded into a hollow fiber shape together with the plasticizer and a good solvent, and then cooled to form a film.
- the plasticizer and the good solvent After extraction, the film is stretched at a temperature of 80 to 95 ° C., which is higher than before, without performing heat treatment for crystallization, so that not only the pore size distribution is uniform as a whole, but also the outer surface pore size distribution is uniform.
- a vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber porous membrane that exhibits high porosity and exhibits excellent water permeability maintaining ability even in continuous filtration of muddy water in addition to good pure water permeation is obtained.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、(濾)水処理に適した大きさ(平均孔径)と均一な孔径分布に加えて、高い空孔率を与える微細孔を有するとともに濁水の継続的濾過に際しても良好な透水量維持性能を示すフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
本発明においては、主たる膜原料として、重量平均分子量(Mw)が20万~60万であるフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂を用いることが好ましい。Mwが20万未満では得られる多孔膜の機械的強度が小さくなる。またMwが60万を超えるとフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂と可塑剤との相分離構造が微細になり過ぎ、得られた多孔膜を精密濾過膜として用いる場合の透水量が低下する。特に、本発明では、予め熱処理により結晶化させることなく、また通常より高い80℃以上で延伸を行うため、Mwは、30万~60万であることがより好ましい。
可塑剤としては、一般に、二塩基酸とグリコールからなる脂肪族系ポリエステル、例えば、アジピン酸-プロピレングリコール系、アジピン酸-1,3-ブチレングリコール系等のアジピン酸系ポリエステル;セバシン酸-プロピレングリコール系等のセバシン酸系ポリエステル;アゼライン酸-プロピレングリコール系、アゼライン酸-1,3-ブチレングリコール系等のアゼライン酸系ポリエステル等が用いられる。
また、フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂の良溶媒としては、20~250℃の温度範囲でフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂を溶解できる溶媒が用いられ、例えば、N-メチルピロリドン、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、ジメチルスルホキシド、メチルエチルケトン、アセトン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、酢酸エチル、プロピレンカーボネート、シクロヘキサン、メチルイソブチルケトン、ジメチルフタレート、およびこれらの混合溶媒等が挙げられる。なかでも高温での安定性からN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)が好ましい。
多孔膜形成用の原料組成物は、好ましくはフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂100重量部に対し、可塑剤とフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂の良溶媒とを、合計量で100~300重量部、より好ましくは140~220重量部、且つそのうち良溶媒の割合が、10~25重量%、より好ましくは12.5~22.5重量%となるように添加して、混合することにより得られる。
溶融押出組成物は、一般に140~270℃、好ましくは150~200℃、の温度で、中空ノズルから押出されて膜状化される。従って、最終的に、上記温度範囲の均質組成物が得られる限りにおいて、フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂、可塑剤および良溶媒の混合並びに溶融形態は任意である。このような組成物を得るための好ましい態様の一つによれば、二軸混練押出機が用いられ、(好ましくは主体樹脂と結晶特性改質用樹脂の混合物からなる)フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂は、該押出機の上流側から供給され、可塑剤と良溶媒の混合物が、下流で供給され、押出機を通過して吐出されるまでに均質混合物とされる。この二軸押出機は、その長手軸方向に沿って、複数のブロックに分けて独立の温度制御が可能であり、各ブロックの通過物の内容により適切な温度調節がなされる。
次いで溶融押出された中空糸膜状物を冷却液浴中に導入して、その外側面から優先的に冷却して固化製膜させる。その際、中空糸膜状物の中空部に空気あるいは窒素等の不活性ガスを注入しつつ冷却することにより拡径された中空糸膜が得られ、長尺化しても単位膜面積当りの透水量の低下が少い中空糸多孔膜を得るのに有利である(WO2005/032700A1)。冷却液としては、一般にフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂に対し不活性(すなわち非溶媒且つ非反応性)な液体、好ましくは水が用いられる。冷却液の温度は0~120℃と、かなり広い温度範囲から選択可能であるが、好ましくは5~100℃、特に好ましくは5~80℃の範囲である。
冷却・固化された中空糸膜は、次いで抽出液浴中に導入され、可塑剤および良溶媒の抽出除去を受ける。抽出液としては、ポリフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂を溶解せず、可塑剤や良溶媒を溶解できるものであれば特に限定されない。例えばアルコール類ではメタノール、イソプロピルアルコールなど、塩素化炭化水素類ではジクロロメタン、1,1,1-トリクロロエタンなど、の沸点が30~100℃程度の極性溶媒が適当である。
抽出後の中空糸多孔膜については、乾燥して抽出液を除去するが、乾燥温度は80℃以下、特に50℃以下、とし乾燥中のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂の結晶化度の増加を抑制することが好ましい。80℃を超えると1分程度の乾燥時間でも結晶化度の増加を引き起こすためである。
本発明に従い上記で得られた抽出・乾燥後の中空糸多孔膜については、特に結晶化のための熱処理を行うことなく、80℃以上、好ましくは80~95℃の温度での延伸を行い、中空糸多孔膜の空孔率および孔径の増大ならびに強伸度の改善を行う。乾燥後、延伸前の中空糸多孔膜のヤング率は80MPa以下であり、通常50~80MPaの範囲にある。80MPaを超えるヤング率を有する中空糸多孔膜を延伸すると過大な延伸応力により、外表面孔径のばらつきが生じがちである。延伸温度が80℃未満では、同様に過大な延伸応力により、外表面孔径のばらつきが生じがちである。他方、95℃を超えると延伸倍率を上げても空孔率は増大しない。中空糸膜の延伸は、一般に、周速度の異なるローラ対等による中空糸膜の長手方向への一軸延伸として行うことが好ましい。これは、本発明のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜の空孔率と強伸度を調和させるためには、延伸方向に沿って延伸フィブリル(繊維)部と未延伸ノード(節)部が交互に現われる微細構造が好ましいことが知見されているからである。このような結晶配向部と結晶非配向部の混在する微細構造はX線回折法により確認できる。延伸倍率は、2.0~3.2倍、特に2.2~3.0倍程度が適当である。延伸倍率を過大にすると、中空糸膜の破断の傾向が大となり、また外表面孔径のばらつきが増大する。
上記のようにして得られたフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂の中空糸多孔膜を、非湿潤性の雰囲気(あるいは媒体)中で少なくとも一段階、より好ましくは少なくとも二段階の緩和または定長熱処理に付すことが好ましい。非湿潤性の雰囲気は、室温付近でフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂の濡れ張力よりも大きな表面張力(JIS K6768)を有する非湿潤性の液体、代表的には水、あるいは空気をはじめとするほぼ全ての気体が用いられる。緩和処理は、周速が次第に低減する上流ローラと下流ローラの間に配置された上記した非湿潤性の好ましくは加熱された雰囲気中を、先に得られた延伸された中空糸多孔膜を送通することにより得られる。(1-(下流ローラ周速/上流ローラ周速))×100(%)で定まる緩和率は、合計で1~50%の範囲とすることが好ましい。50%を超える緩和率は、前工程での延伸倍率にもよるが、実現し難いか、あるいは実現しても透水量向上効果が飽和するか、あるいは却って低下するため好ましくない。
上記一連の工程を通じて得られる本発明の中空糸多孔膜は、ハーフドライ/バブルポイント法(ASTM F316およびASTM E1294)による孔径分布に基づき、平均孔径Pmが0.13~0.25μm、好ましくは0.15~0.20μm、最大孔径Pmaxと平均孔径Pmの比Pmax/Pmが1.0~2.0、特に1.5~1.9、SEM法による外表面孔径分布に基づく外表面孔径の変動係数が40~70%、特に40~65%であり且つ空孔率が75~95%と高いことを特徴とするものである。平均孔径Pmが0.13μm未満では濁水の継続的濾過における透水量維持能力が低下する。また、Pmが0.25μmを超えると、濁質や細菌などの除去能力が低下する。またPmax/Pmの比が小さいことは、本発明の中空糸多孔膜における全体としての孔のくびれ部の孔径の均一度が高いことを意味する。更に外表面孔径の変動係数が小さいことは、外表面に露出した孔の孔径分布が均一であることを示し、経験的に濁水の透水量維持能力の向上に寄与する。Pmax/Pm比および外表面孔径の変動係数の下限は特に限定されないが、1.5未満のPmax/Pm比および40%未満の変動係数を得ることは実際上困難である。上記したような高い空孔率の結果として、本発明の中空糸多孔膜は後記方法で測定した純水透水量F(100kPa,L=200mm)が50~300m/dayと良好な透水性を示し、また上述した外表面孔径の均一化の結果として、本発明の中空糸多孔膜は後記方法で測定した臨界透水量が、好ましくは0.6m/day以上、より好ましくは0.7m/day以上の値が得られる。臨界透水量の上限は特に限定されないが、1.0m/dayを超える臨界透水量の実現は困難である。
以下、実施例、比較例により、本発明を更に具体的に説明する。以下の記載を含め、本明細書に記載の特性は、以下の方法による測定値に基くものである。
日本分光社製のGPC装置「GPC-900」を用い、カラムに昭和電工社製の「Shodex KD-806M」、プレカラムに「Shodex KD-G」、溶媒にNMPを使用し、温度40℃、流量10ml/分にて、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)法によりポリスチレン換算分子量として測定した。
パーキンエルマー社製の示差走査熱量計DSC7を用いて、試料樹脂10mgを測定セルにセットし、窒素ガス雰囲気中で、温度30℃から10℃/分の昇温速度で250℃まで一旦昇温し、ついで250℃で1分間保持した後、250℃から10℃/分の降温速度で30℃まで降温してDSC曲線を求めた。このDSC曲線における降温過程における発熱ピーク温度を結晶化温度Tc(℃)とした。
中空糸多孔膜の長さ、並びに外径および内径を測定して中空糸多孔膜の見掛け体積V(cm3)を算出し、更にその重量W(g)を測定して次式より空孔率を求めた;
[数1]
空孔率(%)=(1-W/(V×ρ))×100
ρ:PVDFの比重(=1.78g/cm3)。
試長L(図1参照)=200mmの試料中空糸多孔膜をエタノールに15分間浸漬し、次いで純水に15分間浸漬して湿潤化した後、水温25℃、差圧100kPaで測定した1日当りの透水量(m3/day)を、中空糸多孔膜の膜面積(m2)(=外径×π×試長Lとして計算)で除して得た。例えば試長L=200mmの試料については、F(100kPa,L=200mm)等と表記し、単位はm/day(=m3/m2・day)で表わす。
[数2]
F(L=200mm,v=70%)
=F(100kPa,L=200mm)×(70(%)/v(%))
の式により求めた。
ASTM F316-86およびASTM E1294-86に定められる多孔膜、特に中空糸多孔膜に適した、孔のくびれ部の最大孔径Pmaxおよび孔径分布の測定法である。より具体的には、バブルポイント法では、試液中に浸漬した中空糸多孔膜試料中に、徐々に増大する圧力の加圧空気を送り込み、試液からの最初のバブルの発生点(バブルポイント)の空気圧力から試料膜の最大孔径Pmax(μm)を求める。ハーフドライ法では、中空糸多孔膜試料を試液で濡らした状態での濡れ流量曲線(WET FLOW CURVE)と乾いた状態での乾き流量曲線(DRY FLOW CURVE)の1/2の傾きの曲線(HALF DRY CURVE)とが交わる点の空気圧力から試料膜の平均孔径Pm(μm)を求める。また、濡れ流量曲線と乾き流量曲線の一致点の空気圧力から求めた孔径を最小孔径Pmin(μm)として求める。本明細書の記載値は、測定器としてPorous Materials, Inc社製「パームポロメータCFP-2000AEX」を用い、また試液としてはパーフルオロポリエステル(商品名「Galwick」)を用いて行った測定結果に基づく。中空糸膜試料としては試長が10mm程度のものを用いる。
外表面孔径は走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)法により測定する。まず中空糸多孔膜試料の外表面(外側外表面または内側外表面)について、走査型電子顕微鏡((株)日立製作所製「S-800」)を用いて、加速電圧3kV,測定倍率5000倍で写真撮影をする。次に、それぞれのSEM写真について、孔と認識できるすべてのものについて孔径Diを測定する。孔径は各孔の長径と短径を実測し、孔径Di=(長径+短径)/2として求める。得られた孔径分布から外表面平均孔径Ps、標準偏差SDおよび変動係数CV(%)を下式(1)~(3)より求めた:
[数3]
Ps=ΣniDi/Σni ……(1)
ここで、Σni=N(測定対象孔数)
SD=((1/N)Σni(Di-Ps)2)1/2
=((1/N)ΣniDi 2-Ps2)1/2 ……(2)
CV(%)=(SD/Ps)×100 ……(3)。
引っ張り試験機(東洋ボールドウィン社製「RTM-100」)を使用して、抽出・乾燥後延伸前の中空糸を温度60℃の雰囲気中で10分間保持した後、初期試料長100mm、クロスヘッド速度200mm/分の条件下でヤング率を測定した。
図2に示す装置を用いて測定した。すなわち、ステンレススチール製の冶具(上部ヘッダーおよび下部ヘッダー)間に500mmの長さに切り取った中空糸膜1本をエポキシ樹脂接着剤で固定して測定用のモジュールを作成した。このモジュール化した中空糸膜試料をエタノールに15分間浸漬し、次いで純水で置換することにより湿潤化した後、底面積約30cm2、高さ600mmの角筒状試験水槽のほぼ中央に中空糸が垂直になるように浸漬した。他方、この試験水槽には、内容積20Lの原水タンク中に収容したMLSS(浮遊物質濃度)=8600mg/L、1μmフィルターでろ過後のTOC(全有機質濃度)=7~9mg/Lの活性汚泥水を、ポンプにより0.2L/分の割合で供給し、原水タンクへと循環した。また、試験水槽の底部からは、空気を5L/分の割合で、常時バブリングさせた。
重量平均分子量(Mw)が4.12×105の主体ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)(粉体)とMwが9.36×105の結晶特性改質用ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)(粉体)を、それぞれ95重量%および5重量%となる割合で、ヘンシェルミキサーを用いて混合して、Mwが4.38×105である混合物Aを得た。
第2中間成形体の延伸倍率を2.4倍から2.8倍に増大する以外は実施例1と同様にして、中空糸多孔膜を得た。
水浴温度を55℃に変更する以外は実施例1と同様にして、中空糸多孔膜を得た。
第2中間成形体の延伸倍率を2.4倍から2.8倍に増大する以外は実施例3と同様にして、中空糸多孔膜を得た。
混合物A/混合物Bの供給割合を37.4/62.6(重量%)に、水浴温度を65℃にそれぞれ変更する以外は、実施例2と同様にして中空糸多孔膜を得た。
第2中間成形体の延伸倍率を2.8倍から3.0倍に増大する以外は実施例1と同様にして、中空糸多孔膜を得た。
延伸温度を65℃に変更する以外は実施例1と同様にして中空糸多孔膜を得た。
ジクロロメタンによる抽出後、ジクロロメタンの除去のための加熱条件を熱処理効果を伴う120℃、1時間に変更して、第2中間成形体を得、その延伸温度を65℃に変更し、延伸後の第一段緩和率を17%と変更する以外は実施例1と同様にして中空糸多孔膜を得た。
混合物A/混合物Bの供給割合を35.7/64.3(重量%)に、水浴温度を40℃に、引き取り速度を11.0m/分に、延伸条件を60℃で1.85倍に、延伸後の第一段緩和率を8%に、第二段緩和率を4%に、それぞれ変更する以外は比較例1と同様にして中空糸多孔膜を得た。
特許文献6の実施例4と同様にして中空糸多孔膜を得た:
すなわち、混合物B中の可塑剤/溶媒比率を72.5/27.5(重量%)に、 混合物A/混合物Bの供給割合を35.7/64.3(重量%)に、水浴温度を48℃に、引き取り速度を10.0m/分に、抽出後の乾燥条件を熱処理効果を伴う120℃で1時間に、延伸条件を60℃で2.2倍に、延伸後の第一段緩和を温度5℃のジクロロメタン中で緩和率5%に、第二段緩和率を5%に、それぞれ変更する以外は実施例1と同様にして中空糸多孔膜を得た。
Claims (11)
- 中空糸形状のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂多孔膜からなり、ハーフドライ/バブルポイント法(ASTM F316およびASTM E1294)による最大孔径Pmaxと平均孔径Pmの比Pmax/Pmが2.0以下、Pmが0.13μm~0.25μm、外表面孔径の変動係数が70%以下且つ空孔率が75~90%であることを特徴とするフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜。
- 差圧100kPA、長さ200mmで測定された純水透水量F(100kPa,L=200mm)が50~300m/dayである請求項1に記載のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜。
- 外表面平均孔径Psが0.20~0.40μmである請求項1または2に記載のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜。
- 外表面平均孔径PsとPmの比Ps/Pmが1.7以下である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜。
- 膜分離活性汚泥法(MBR)により測定された臨界透水量が0.6m/day以上である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜。
- フッ化ビニリデン樹脂の結晶化温度が143℃以上である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜。
- フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂が、重量平均分子量(Mw)が15万~60万である主体フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂70~98重量%と、主体フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂の1.8倍以上であり且つ120万以下の重量平均分子量(Mw)を有する結晶特性改質用の高分子量フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂2~30重量%との混合物である請求項6に記載のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜。
- ヤング率が80MPa以下であるフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜を、80~95℃の雰囲気温度下で延伸することを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載のフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜の製造方法。
- 前記ヤング率が80MPa以下であるフッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜が、フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂をその可塑剤および良溶媒とともに中空糸状に溶融押出し、可塑剤および良溶媒を抽出後、乾燥することにより得られている請求項8に記載の方法。
- フッ化ビニリデン樹脂の結晶化温度が143℃以上である請求項8または9に記載の方法。
- フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂が、重量平均分子量(Mw)が15万~60万である主体フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂70~98重量%と、主体フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂の1.8倍以上であり且つ120万以下の重量平均分子量(Mw)を有する結晶特性改質用の高分子量フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂2~30重量%との混合物である請求項10に記載の方法。
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| JP2010546575A JPWO2010082437A1 (ja) | 2009-01-15 | 2009-12-24 | フッ化ビニリデン系樹脂中空糸多孔膜およびその製造方法 |
| CN2009801580317A CN102348495A (zh) | 2009-01-15 | 2009-12-24 | 1,1-二氟乙烯系树脂中空丝多孔膜及其制造方法 |
| US13/144,768 US20120012521A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 | 2009-12-24 | Vinylidene fluoride resin hollow fiber porous membrane and process for producing same |
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| JP2009006941 | 2009-01-15 | ||
| JP2009-006941 | 2009-01-15 |
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| JP (1) | JPWO2010082437A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102348495A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2010082437A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9096957B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2015-08-04 | Kureha Corporation | Vinylidene fluoride resin porous membrane, manufacturing method therefor, and method for manufacturing filtrate water |
| US9095824B2 (en) | 2009-02-05 | 2015-08-04 | Kureha Corporation | Vinylidene fluoride resin porous film and manufacturing method therefor |
| EP2977570A1 (en) | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Oil deterioration suppressing apparatus for internal combustion engine |
| JP2016055215A (ja) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-04-21 | 株式会社クラレ | 中空糸膜、中空糸膜の製造方法、及び液体処理方法 |
| JP2017523037A (ja) * | 2014-07-22 | 2017-08-17 | アーケマ・インコーポレイテッド | フッ化ビニリデンポリマーをベースとする高靱性中空繊維膜 |
| WO2017217446A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-21 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜、及び多孔質膜の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2999590B1 (fr) * | 2012-12-13 | 2016-01-22 | Arkema France | Formulation d'une membrane fluoree poreuse mise en œuvre par un procede d'etirage |
| CN112295419A (zh) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-02 | 淄博蓝景膜环保科技有限公司 | 选择透过性mabr复合膜的制备方法 |
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- 2009-12-24 CN CN2009801580317A patent/CN102348495A/zh active Pending
- 2009-12-24 US US13/144,768 patent/US20120012521A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US9095824B2 (en) | 2009-02-05 | 2015-08-04 | Kureha Corporation | Vinylidene fluoride resin porous film and manufacturing method therefor |
| US9096957B2 (en) | 2009-07-14 | 2015-08-04 | Kureha Corporation | Vinylidene fluoride resin porous membrane, manufacturing method therefor, and method for manufacturing filtrate water |
| JP2017523037A (ja) * | 2014-07-22 | 2017-08-17 | アーケマ・インコーポレイテッド | フッ化ビニリデンポリマーをベースとする高靱性中空繊維膜 |
| EP2977570A1 (en) | 2014-07-23 | 2016-01-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Oil deterioration suppressing apparatus for internal combustion engine |
| JP2016055215A (ja) * | 2014-09-05 | 2016-04-21 | 株式会社クラレ | 中空糸膜、中空糸膜の製造方法、及び液体処理方法 |
| WO2017217446A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-21 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜、及び多孔質膜の製造方法 |
| JPWO2017217446A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-17 | 2019-03-14 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜、及び多孔質膜の製造方法 |
| US10974204B2 (en) | 2016-06-17 | 2021-04-13 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Porous membrane and process for producing porous membrane |
| JP7014714B2 (ja) | 2016-06-17 | 2022-02-01 | 旭化成株式会社 | 多孔質膜、及び多孔質膜の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102348495A (zh) | 2012-02-08 |
| US20120012521A1 (en) | 2012-01-19 |
| JPWO2010082437A1 (ja) | 2012-07-05 |
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