WO2010082346A1 - 方向性結合器とこれを有する無線通信機 - Google Patents
方向性結合器とこれを有する無線通信機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010082346A1 WO2010082346A1 PCT/JP2009/050632 JP2009050632W WO2010082346A1 WO 2010082346 A1 WO2010082346 A1 WO 2010082346A1 JP 2009050632 W JP2009050632 W JP 2009050632W WO 2010082346 A1 WO2010082346 A1 WO 2010082346A1
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- directional coupler
- coupling
- main line
- impedance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
- H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
- H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
- H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
- H01P5/185—Edge coupled lines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a directional coupler that is indispensable for wireless communication technology that performs transmission power control, and a wireless communication device in which this directional coupler is incorporated.
- a directional coupler (coupler) is provided in a high-power amplifier of a transmission system in a wireless communication device that performs transmission power control, in order to monitor the output power.
- the output of this transmission-side amplifier is connected to a transmission / reception antenna, but the reflected power of the antenna varies depending on wild birds and natural obstacles.
- the wraparound of radio wave energy from adjacent antennas such as array antennas and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antennas cannot be ignored.
- the output power monitor requires a directional coupler having high isolation characteristics.
- wideband characteristics are an indispensable condition for wireless communication devices compatible with recent high-speed communication.
- Coaxial coupler circuits and stripline circuits are generally used as directional couplers for obtaining such high isolation characteristics.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventional directional coupler 1 configured by strip lines, where (a) is a plan view of the coupler 1 and (b) is a sectional view taken along line BB.
- the strip line 50 is a cross section in which a linear conductor foil 53 is formed inside a plate-like dielectric substrate 51 in which conductor foils 52, 52 are formed on both front and back surfaces. It refers to a transmission line having a structure, and corresponds to a shape in which both sides of an outer conductor of a coaxial cable are cut open to form two conductor foils, and the inner conductor is extended in a foil shape.
- the directional coupler 1 includes a main line 2 and a sub line 3 made of the above-described linear conductor foil 53 arranged with a space therebetween.
- the main line 2 has an input port P1 to which an amplifier output is input and an output port P2 connected to the antenna side.
- the sub line 3 has a coupling port P4 and an isolation port P4, and an output for monitoring is taken out from the coupling port P4.
- the coupling length of the sub-line 3 with respect to the main line 2 is normally set to ⁇ / 4, where ⁇ is the wavelength of the amplifier output signal.
- the TEM mode Transverse mode in which the traveling direction component of the electric and magnetic fields is zero. In the TEM mode, signals of all frequencies from DC to high frequency can be propagated.
- the TEM mode has an advantage that there is no frequency dispersion, and thus no signal waveform distortion occurs.
- the stripline can transmit signals in the TEM mode, the directional coupler 1 having a wide band and high isolation characteristics can be configured. Since it is necessary to form the patterns of the conductor foils 52 and 53, the manufacturing process becomes complicated.
- a microstrip line corresponding to a structure in which the strip line is halved (a plate-shaped dielectric substrate having a conductive foil formed on the back surface) A structure in which a linear conductor foil is formed on the surface is frequently used.
- the conductor formed on the dielectric substrate is in contact with air having different dielectric constants, the conductor is in contact with two types of media, and a complete TEM mode is not established. .
- a transmission mode slightly deviating from the TEM mode is called a quasi-TEM mode.
- a higher-order mode exists in addition to a mode corresponding to the TEM.
- a capacitance element is connected between the coupling port of the sub line and the ground, and an inductance element is connected between the terminal side of the sub line and the ground.
- resistance elements are connected in series and the values of these elements are set in order to improve the isolation characteristics within the used frequency band
- the present invention can be miniaturized with a simple circuit configuration, and has a wide band and high isolation characteristics, and a directional coupler composed of a microstrip line and a radio equipped with the same.
- the present invention is a directional coupler composed of a microstrip line, including a main line having an input port and an output port, and a sub line having a coupling port and an isolation port, Is composed of a high-impedance line narrower than the main line, and the high-impedance line has a first coupled line and a second coupled line both extending parallel to the main line, The distance between the first coupled line and the main line is smaller than the distance between the second coupled line and the main line.
- the high-impedance line constituting the sub-line has the first coupling line and the second coupling line, so that the electric field coupling to the main line is dominant by the closer first coupling line.
- the portion and forming the portion in which the magnetic coupling to the main line is dominant by the distant second coupling line it is possible to balance the induction of the magnetic field current and the electric field current generated in the sub line. Accordingly, even in the case of the microstrip line in the quasi-TEM mode, a directional coupler having a wide band and high isolation characteristics can be configured as in the case of the TEM mode.
- the high-impedance line constituting the sub-line has an intermediate orthogonal line that extends in a direction orthogonal to the main line and connects the ends of the first and second coupled lines to each other. It is preferable.
- the coupling length of the sub-line to the main line (the length in the main line direction) ) Can be made compact, and the directional coupler can be miniaturized.
- the high-impedance line constituting the sub-line includes an impedance adjustment unit having a length larger than a distance between the second coupling line and the main line, and an end of the impedance adjustment unit. It is preferable that the isolation port is provided. In this case, since the impedance of the sub-line can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the impedance adjusting unit, it is possible to absorb impedance mismatch due to variations in the width dimension of the high-impedance line.
- the directional coupler of the present invention can be suitably used for a wireless communication device having a transmission system that performs transmission power control.
- the directional coupler of the present invention for monitoring the transmission output of the high-power amplifier constituting the transmission system is mounted on the transmission / reception system.
- (A) is a top view which shows schematic structure of the directional coupler of this invention
- (b) is the sectional view on the AA line.
- It is a top view which shows schematic structure of the conventional directional coupler, (b) is the BB sectional drawing.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a directional coupler 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a plan view of the coupler 1 and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA.
- the directional coupler 1 of the present embodiment is composed of a distributed constant circuit composed of microstrip lines 20 on which a high-power amplifier 33 of a wireless communication device 30 described later is mounted.
- the microstrip line 20 is formed by forming a linear conductor foil 22 on the surface of a plate-like dielectric substrate 21 having a conductor foil 23 formed on the back surface.
- the conductor foil 23 is grounded.
- the directional coupler 1 of the present embodiment includes a main line 2 having an input port P1 and an output port P2, a sub line having a coupling port P3 and an isolation port P4. 3 is provided.
- Each of the main line 2 and the sub line 3 is made of the strip-shaped conductor foil 22 formed to have a predetermined width, but the sub line 3 is constituted by a high impedance line 4 narrower than the main line 2.
- the line width w2 of the high impedance line 4 is set to a very small dimension compared to the line width w1 of the main line 2, and is, for example, about 25% of the line width w1 of the main line 2. Is set.
- the high-impedance line 4 constituting the sub-line 3 includes a first coupling line 5A, 5B extending in parallel at a position closer to the main line 2 and a second coupling extending in parallel at a position farther from the main line 2.
- Line 6 That is, the first coupled lines 5A, 5B and the second coupled line 6 all extend parallel to the main line 2, and the distance between the first coupled lines 5A, 5B and the main line 2 is the second coupled line 6. And smaller than the distance between the main lines 2.
- the first coupling lines 5A and 5B closer to the main line 2 are arranged in a pair on the left and right sides, shorter than the second coupling line 6, and farther from the main line 2.
- the two coupled lines 6 are disposed between the pair of left and right second coupled lines 5A and 5B.
- the high impedance line 4 has intermediate orthogonal lines 7A and 7B that extend in a direction orthogonal to the main line 2 and connect the ends of the first coupled lines 5A and 5B and the second coupled line 6 to each other. Yes. Further, the high impedance line 4 has an end orthogonal line 8 extending in a direction orthogonal to the main line 2 from the left end of the first coupling line 5A on the left side, and the coupling is formed at the end of the orthogonal line 8. Port P3 is connected.
- the high impedance line 4 constituting the sub line 3 extends from the right end portion of the first coupling line 5B on the right side in a direction orthogonal to the main line 2, and from the distance between the second coupling line 6 and the main line 2.
- the impedance adjusting unit 9 having a large length is provided.
- the isolation port P4 is connected to the end of the impedance adjusting unit 9, and the resistor 10 is connected between the isolation port P4 and the ground.
- the high impedance line 4 constituting the sub line 3 is, in order from the coupling port P3 side toward the isolation port P4, the end orthogonal line 8 and the first coupled line 5A.
- the coupling length L of the high-impedance line 4 that is the subline 3 to the main line 2 is ⁇ as the wavelength of the amplifier output signal. It is set to be ⁇ / 8 or less.
- the high-impedance line 4 constituting the sub-line 3 includes the first coupling lines 5A and 5B closer to the main line 2 and the second coupling farther from the main line 2. Since the first coupling lines 5A and 5B closer to each other form a portion where electric field coupling to the main line 2 is dominant, the farther second coupling line 6 forms a magnetic field against the main line 2 A portion where the coupling is dominant can be formed, whereby the induction of the magnetic field current and the electric field current generated in the sub-line 3 can be balanced.
- the directional coupler 1 is composed of the microstrip line 20 in the quasi-TEM mode, the directional coupler 1 having a wide band and high isolation characteristics is formed as in the TEM mode. be able to. Since the first coupling lines 5A and 5B and the second coupling line 6 balance the electromagnetic field generated in the sub-line 3 to improve the isolation characteristics, the above-described prior art (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-194870). There is no need to provide a capacitance element or an inductance element as in the case of (Gazette), and there is an advantage that an increase in size of the directional coupler 1 can be prevented.
- the high impedance line 3 constituting the sub line 2 extends in a direction orthogonal to the main line 2 and is connected to the first coupling lines 5A and 5B and the second coupling. Since the intermediate orthogonal lines 7A and 7B connecting the ends of the line 6 to each other are provided, the coupling length L of the sub-line 3 can be made compact, and the directional coupler 1 can be miniaturized.
- the impedance adjusting unit 9 having a length larger than the distance between the second coupled line 6 and the main line 2 is provided, and an end of the adjusting unit 9 is provided. Since the isolation port P4 is provided, the impedance of the sub line 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the impedance adjusting unit 9, and the impedance mismatch due to the variation in the width dimension of the high impedance line 4 can be absorbed. Can do.
- the embodiment disclosed this time is an exemplification of the present invention and is not restrictive.
- the scope of the present invention is shown not by the above-described embodiment but by the scope of claims for patent, and includes all modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the scope of claims for patent.
- the first coupling lines 5A and 5B are two and the second coupling line 6 is one.
- these may be arranged alternately, and the combination of the number of arrangements is as follows. It can be set arbitrarily.
- FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the wireless communication device 30 using the directional coupler 1.
- the wireless communication device 30 of the present embodiment can be used for, for example, a WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) base station device or mobile terminal device, and includes an up-converter 31, an attenuator 32, and a high-power amplifier 33.
- the transmission system 36 including the directional coupler 1, the detector 34, and the control unit 35 of the present embodiment, the low noise amplifier 37, the directional coupler 38, the attenuator 39, the down converter 40, the detector 41, and the control unit 42.
- a receiving system 43 including
- a transmission / reception antenna 45 is connected to the transmission system 36 and the reception system 43 via a hybrid circuit 44. Therefore, the transmission signal is frequency-converted by the up-converter 31, and then the transmission level is adjusted by the attenuator 32, then amplified by the high-power amplifier 33, and transmitted to the outside through the hybrid circuit 44 from the transmission / reception antenna 45.
- the reception signal received by the transmission / reception antenna 45 is input to the reception system 43 via the hybrid circuit 44.
- the received signal is amplified by the low noise amplifier 37, the reception level is adjusted by the attenuator 39, and the frequency is converted by the down converter 40.
- the detection signal detected by the detector 34 via the directional coupler 1 of this embodiment is input to the control unit 35 on the transmission side.
- the control unit 35 adjusts the level of the attenuator 32 and controls the amplification factor of the high-power amplifier 33 based on the input detection signal.
- the detection signal detected by the detector 41 via the directional coupler 38 in the reception system 43 of the wireless communication device 30 is input to the control unit 42 on the reception side.
- the control unit 42 performs level adjustment for the attenuator 39 based on the input detection signal.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a specific mounting example of the directional coupler 1 of the present embodiment.
- the dimensions of the main line 2 and the sub line 3 are set as follows.
- Substrate conditions Plate thickness: 0.8mm Dielectric constant: 3.5
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the level characteristics of the directional coupler 1 according to the mounting example shown in FIG.
- a coupling characteristic and an isolation characteristic of about 20 dB are very high.
- a high level difference is observed.
- the directional coupler 1 of the present invention a wide directional characteristic and a high directional characteristic of 20 dB or more can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 is a plan view of a directional coupler 1 according to a modification of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the directional coupler 1 according to this modification is characterized in that a canceling capacitor 11 for canceling the parasitic inductor component is connected to the impedance adjusting unit 9 of the sub line 3.
- a canceling capacitor 11 for canceling the parasitic inductor component is connected to the impedance adjusting unit 9 of the sub line 3.
- the impedance of the sub line 3 can be adjusted by finely adjusting the position of the resistor 10 connected to the impedance adjusting unit 9.
- a redundant line 9A may be required between the connection point of the resistor 10 and the isolation port P4. This redundant line 9A acts as a parasitic inductor, and the isolation characteristics. May deteriorate.
- the capacitor 11 for canceling the parasitic inductor component generated by the redundant line 9A is additionally connected to the impedance adjusting unit 9, thereby solving the above-described problem associated with the redundant line 9A.
- the canceling capacitor 11 a capacitor having a capacitance in the range of 0.5 pF to 0.75 pF, for example, can be used. In this case, the main characteristics of the directional coupler 1 are hardly affected. .
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a directional coupler 1 according to another modification of the present invention.
- the characteristic of the directional coupler 1 according to this modification is that the first coupler circuit 13 is connected to the main line 2 in addition to the first coupler circuit 13 for coupling the forward signal.
- the derivative substrate 21 with the second coupler circuit 14 inverted so as to have a point-symmetrical positional relationship, the directional coupler 1 capable of monitoring VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) It is in the point.
- VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
- the first coupler circuit 13 couples a forward signal (antenna input) flowing through the main line 2.
- the second coupler circuit 14 has the same structure as that of the first coupler circuit 13 except that the second coupler circuit 14 is inverted in a point-symmetric manner. Therefore, the signal is opposite to the forward signal flowing in the main line 2. (Reflected power) is coupled. Therefore, the VSWR value can be calculated using the power obtained from the coupling port of the first coupler circuit 13 and the reflected power obtained from the coupling port of the second coupler circuit 14.
- the coupler circuits 13 and 14 having high isolation characteristics are arranged on the same derivative substrate 21, it is small and inexpensive and has a large dynamic range.
- a VSWR monitor can be configured.
- the VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) is the degree to which a part of the signal is reflected on the circuit when a high-frequency signal passes through the electrical equipment, and the VSWR value is “1”.
- the time is an ideal state with no reflection at all, the larger the reflection, the larger the numerical value, indicating that the signal loss and the like are large. Therefore, in the case of communication equipment that handles high-frequency signals, the VSWR value is required to be as low as possible.
- a VSWR value of about 1.5 or less (reflected power of 4% or less) is one standard. .
- the present invention is used in a radio communication technology for controlling the output of a high-power amplifier for transmission and communicating with a stable transmission power, and is suitable for monitoring the output power of the high-power amplifier.
- a directional coupler is provided.
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Abstract
Description
また、最近では、アレーアンテナやMIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output)アンテナ等の隣接アンテナからの電波エネルギーの回り込みも無視できない。
かかる高いアイソレーション特性を得るための方向性結合器としては、同軸カプラ回路やストリップライン回路が一般的に用いられる。
ここで、ストリップライン50とは、図7(b)に示すように、表裏両面に導体箔52,52を形成した板状の誘電体基板51の内部に線状の導体箔53を形成した断面構造を有する伝送路のことをいい、同軸ケーブルの外部導体の両側面を切り開いて2枚の導体箔とし、内部導体を箔状に引き延ばした形状に相当する。
主線路2は、増幅器出力が入力される入力ポートP1と、アンテナ側に接続される出力ポートP2とを有する。また、副線路3は、カップリングポートP4とアイソレーションポートP4とを有し、このうち、カップリングポートP4からモニタリング用の出力が取り出される。
図7に示すストリップラインよりなる方向性結合器1では、電界及び磁界の進行方向成分がゼロであるTEMモード(Transverse
Electromagnetic mode)で信号を伝搬することができ、このTEMモードでは、DCから高周波までのすべての周波数の信号を伝搬することができる。
このように、ストリップラインはTEMモードでの信号伝送が可能であるから、広帯域でかつ高いアイソレーション特性を有する方向性結合器1を構成できるが、その反面、表面、裏面及び内部の三層に導体箔52,53のパターンを形成する必要があるので、製造工程が複雑になる。
ところが、マイクロストリップラインは、誘電体基板の上に形成される導体が誘電率の異なる空気に接しているため、導体が2種類の媒質に接していることになり、完全なTEMモードは成立しない。
そこで、この問題を解決する先行技術として、マイクロストリップラインよりなる方向性結合器において、副線路のカップリングポートとグランド間にキャパシタンス素子を接続し、副線路の終端側とグランド間にインダクタンス素子と抵抗素子を直列接続し、使用周波数帯域内でのアイソレーション特性を改善するためにそれらの素子の値を設定するようにしたものが知られている(特開2007-194870号公報)。
本発明は、このような実情に鑑み、簡単な回路構成で小型化が可能であり、しかも、広帯域でかつ高いアイソレーション特性を有する、マイクロストリップラインよりなる方向性結合器とこれを搭載した無線通信機を提供することを目的とする。
従って、準TEMモードであるマイクロストリップラインの場合でも、TEMモードの場合と同様に、広帯域でかつ高いアイソレーション特性を有する方向性結合器を構成することができる。
この場合、第1及び第2結合線路の端部同士が主線路に対して直交する方向に延びる中間直交線路で繋がっているので、主線路に対する副線路の結合長さ(主線路方向の長さ)をコンパクトにすることができ、方向性結合器を小型化することができる。
この場合、上記インピーダンス調整部の長さ調整によって副線路のインピーダンスを調整できるので、高インピーダンス線路の幅寸法等のバラツキに伴うインピーダンスの不整合を吸収することができる。
〔方向性結合器〕
図1は、本発明の一つの実施形態に係る方向性結合器1の概略図であり、(a)はその結合器1の平面図、(b)はA-A線断面図である。
本実施形態の方向性結合器1は、後述する無線通信機30の高出力増幅器33が実装される、マイクロストリップライン20よりなる分布定数回路で構成されている。
図1(a)に示すように、本実施形態の方向性結合器1は、入力ポートP1と出力ポートP2とを有する主線路2と、カップリングポートP3とアイソレーションポートP4とを有する副線路3とを備えている。
この高インピーダンス線路4の線路幅w2は、主線路2の線路幅w1に比べて実質的に非常に小さい寸法に設定されており、例えば、主線路2の線路幅w1に対して25%程度に設定される。
本実施形態の方向性結合器1では、主線路2から近い方の第1結合線路5A,5Bは、左右一対配置されていて第2結合線路6よりも短く、主線路2から遠い方の第2結合線路6は、左右一対の第2結合線路5A,5Bの間に配置されている。
更に、高インピーダンス線路4は、左側の第1結合線路5Aの左端部から主線路2に対して直交する方向に延びる端部直交線路8を有し、この直交線路8の端部に前記カップリングポートP3が接続されている。
以上から明らかな通り、本実施形態では、副線路3を構成する高インピーダンス線路4は、カップリングポートP3側からアイソレーションポートP4に向かって、順に、端部直交線路8、第1結合線路5A、中間直交線路7A、第2結合線路6、中間直交線路7B、第1結合線路5B及びインピーダンス調整部9を有している。
また、第1結合線路5A,5Bと第2結合線路6とで副線路3に生じる電磁界のバランスを取ってアイソレーション特性を改善するようにしたので、前記した先行技術(特開2007-194870号公報)のように、キャパシタンス素子やインダクタンス素子を設ける必要がなく、方向性結合器1の大型化を防止できるという利点もある。
例えば、上記実施形態では、第1結合線路5A,5Bが2つで第2結合線路6が1つになっているが、これらは交互に配置されておればよく、それらの配置数の組み合わせは任意に設定することができる。
図2は、上記方向性結合器1を用いた無線通信機30の機能ブロック図である。
図2において、本実施形態の無線通信機30は、例えばWiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)の基地局装置や移動端末装置に使用可能なものであり、アップコンバータ31、アッテネータ32、高出力増幅器33、本実施形態の方向性結合器1、検波器34、制御部35を含む送信系36と、低雑音増幅器37、方向性結合器38、アッテネータ39、ダウンコンバータ40、検波器41、制御部42を含む受信系43とから構成されている。
一方、送受信アンテナ45で受信された受信信号は、ハイブリッド回路44を介して受信系43に入力される。この受信信号は、低雑音増幅器37で増幅されたあと、アッテネータ39で受信レベルが調整されてから、ダウンコンバータ40で周波数変換される。
また、無線通信機30の受信系43において、方向性結合器38を介して検波器41によって検出された検波信号は、受信側の制御部42に入力される。この制御部42は、入力された検波信号に基づいて、アッテネータ39に対するレベル調整を行う。
図3は、本実施形態の方向性結合器1の具体的な実装例を示す平面図である。
この実装例の方向性結合器1では、主線路2及び副線路3等の各寸法は次の通り設定されている。
(1)基板条件
板厚 :0.8mm
比誘電率:3.5
主線路幅 :1.6mm
(3)副線路
副線路幅 :0.4mm
第1結合線路の長さ :1.6mm
第2結合線路の長さ :5.4mm
インピーダンス調整部の長さ :12.0mm
この図4に示すように、本実装例に係る方向性結合器1によれば、所望の広い周波数帯域(2040~2240MHz)において、カップリング特性とアイソレーション特性との間に約20dBという非常に高いレベル差が認められる。
このように、本発明の方向性結合器1によれば、広帯域特性でかつ20dB以上の高い方向性特性が得られる。
図5は、本発明の変形例に係る方向性結合器1の平面図である。
図5に示すように、この変形例に係る方向性結合器1の特徴は、副線路3のインピーダンス調整部9に、寄生インダクタ成分をキャンセルするためのキャンセル用コンデンサ11を接続した点にある。以下、この特徴点について説明する。
しかし、この場合、インピーダンス調整部9において、抵抗10の接続点からアイソレーションポートP4までの間に冗長ライン9Aが必要となる場合があり、この冗長ライン9Aが寄生インダクタとして作用し、アイソレーション特性を劣化させることがある。
なお、上記キャンセル用コンデンサ11としては、静電容量が例えば0.5pF~0.75pFの範囲のものを使用することができ、この場合、方向性結合器1の主特性には殆ど影響がない。
図6は、本発明の他の変形例に係る方向性結合器1の平面図である。
図6に示すように、この変形例に係る方向性結合器1の特徴は、順方向信号をカップリングする第1カプラ回路13に加えて、この第1カプラ回路13を主線路2に対して点対称の位置関係となるように反転させた第2カプラ回路14を誘導体基板21に設けることにより、VSWR(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio:電圧定在波比)についてもモニタリング可能な方向性結合器1とした点にある。以下、この特徴点について説明する。
従って、第1カプラ回路13のカップリングポートから得られる電力と、第2カプラ回路14のカップリングポートから得られる反射電力とを用いて、VSWR値を算出することができる。
従って、高周波信号を扱う通信機器の場合、VSWR値ができるだけ低いことが要求されるが、アンテナ等ではVSWR値が1.5以下(反射電力が4%以下)程度が一つの目安になっている。
Claims (4)
- 入力ポートと出力ポートとを有する主線路と、カップリングポートとアイソレーションポートとを有する副線路とを含む、マイクロストリップラインで構成された方向性結合器であって、
前記副線路は、前記主線路よりも細幅の高インピーダンス線路からなり、
前記高インピーダンス線路は、前記主線路に対していずれも平行に延びる第1結合線路と第2結合線路とを有しており、前記第1結合線路と前記主線路間の距離が前記第2結合線路と前記主線路間の距離よりも小さいことを特徴とする方向性結合器。 - 前記高インピーダンス線路は、前記主線路に対して直交する方向に延びて前記第1結合線路と前記第2結合線路の端部同士を互いに繋ぐ中間直交線路を有する請求項1に記載の方向性結合器。
- 前記高インピーダンス線路は、前記第2結合線路と前記主線路間の距離よりも大きい長さを有するインピーダンス調整部を備え、このインピーダンス調整部の端部に前記アイソレーションポートが設けられている請求項1又は2に記載の方向性結合器。
- 送信電力制御を行う送信系を有する無線通信機であって、
前記送信系が、当該送信系を構成する高出力増幅器の送信出力をモニタリングするための請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方向性結合器を備えていることを特徴とする無線通信機。
Priority Applications (10)
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CN2009801549441A CN102282721A (zh) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | 定向耦合器和包括定向耦合器的无线通信设备 |
KR1020117014953A KR20110107803A (ko) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | 방향성 결합기와 이것을 갖는 무선 통신기 |
JP2010546525A JP5267574B2 (ja) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | 方向性結合器とこれを有する無線通信機 |
CA2749355A CA2749355A1 (en) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | Directional coupler and wireless communication apparatus comprising thereof |
RU2011134671/12A RU2011134671A (ru) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | Направленный ответвитель и устройство беспроводной передачи данных с таким ответвителем |
PCT/JP2009/050632 WO2010082346A1 (ja) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | 方向性結合器とこれを有する無線通信機 |
BRPI0924050A BRPI0924050A2 (pt) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | acoplador direcional e aparelho de comunicação sem fio que comrpeende o mesmo |
US13/144,353 US20110273242A1 (en) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | Directional coupler and wireless communication apparatus comprising thereof |
EP09838314A EP2381526A4 (en) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | DIRECTION COUPLER AND THIS COMPREHENSIVE WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICE |
TW099100239A TW201108502A (en) | 2009-01-19 | 2010-01-07 | Directional coupler and wireless radios having the same |
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PCT/JP2009/050632 WO2010082346A1 (ja) | 2009-01-19 | 2009-01-19 | 方向性結合器とこれを有する無線通信機 |
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US (1) | US20110273242A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2381526A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5267574B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20110107803A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102282721A (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0924050A2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2749355A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2011134671A (ja) |
TW (1) | TW201108502A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010082346A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
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JP2014057204A (ja) * | 2012-09-12 | 2014-03-27 | Tdk Corp | 方向性結合器および無線通信装置 |
US9077061B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 | 2015-07-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Directional coupler |
WO2020059270A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社 東芝 | ブランチライン方向性結合器および電力増幅装置 |
WO2020129788A1 (ja) * | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-25 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 方向性結合器及び高周波モジュール |
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JP5751324B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-30 | 2015-07-22 | 日本電気株式会社 | Vswr測定回路、無線通信装置、vswr測定方法およびvswr測定プログラム |
JP6216951B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-12 | 2017-10-25 | 学校法人慶應義塾 | 方向性結合式通信装置 |
KR101432708B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-08-25 | (주)파트론 | 방향성 결합기 |
CN104505573A (zh) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-08 | 南京邮电大学 | 八端口非对称定向耦合器 |
DE102015212184A1 (de) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-05 | TRUMPF Hüttinger GmbH + Co. KG | Richtkoppler |
EP3220477B1 (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2018-08-15 | AKG Acoustics GmbH | Directional coupler and power splitter made therefrom |
US10142025B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 | 2018-11-27 | Corning Optical Communications Wireless Ltd | High-directivity directional coupler, and related methods and systems |
CN107799860B (zh) * | 2017-10-24 | 2023-08-15 | 苏州市新诚氏通讯电子股份有限公司 | 氮化铝30dB带引脚耦合模块 |
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CN110112527A (zh) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-09 | 海能达通信股份有限公司 | 微带定向耦合器 |
CN108666728B (zh) * | 2018-05-07 | 2023-07-07 | 西南应用磁学研究所 | 可自反馈射频软磁功率合成器 |
EP4101177A4 (en) * | 2020-02-03 | 2024-02-28 | Ppc Broadband Inc | DOCSIS-MOCA COUPLED LINE DIRECTIONAL COUPLER |
CN113497326B (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-10 | 华为技术有限公司 | 耦合器、射频电路板、射频放大器及电子设备 |
CN113555657B (zh) * | 2021-07-02 | 2022-06-17 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | 一种通过更换电阻实现耦合量可调的定向耦合器 |
CN114976547B (zh) * | 2022-06-07 | 2024-02-06 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 微带线耦合器、射频模块及印刷电路板 |
CN116111313B (zh) * | 2023-04-04 | 2023-06-23 | 安徽蓝讯通信科技有限公司 | 一种宽带定向耦合器及其设计方法 |
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US9077061B2 (en) | 2011-06-14 | 2015-07-07 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Directional coupler |
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WO2020059270A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社 東芝 | ブランチライン方向性結合器および電力増幅装置 |
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Also Published As
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CA2749355A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
US20110273242A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
CN102282721A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
TW201108502A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
JPWO2010082346A1 (ja) | 2012-06-28 |
BRPI0924050A2 (pt) | 2016-06-21 |
EP2381526A1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
EP2381526A4 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
JP5267574B2 (ja) | 2013-08-21 |
KR20110107803A (ko) | 2011-10-04 |
RU2011134671A (ru) | 2013-03-10 |
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