WO2010075817A1 - 一种快煮米及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种快煮米及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010075817A1 WO2010075817A1 PCT/CN2010/000248 CN2010000248W WO2010075817A1 WO 2010075817 A1 WO2010075817 A1 WO 2010075817A1 CN 2010000248 W CN2010000248 W CN 2010000248W WO 2010075817 A1 WO2010075817 A1 WO 2010075817A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/196—Products in which the original granular shape is maintained, e.g. parboiled rice
Definitions
- the invention relates to a quick-cooking rice and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a quick-cooking rice and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of food processing. Background technique
- U.S. Patent No. 6,200,762 discloses a process for the preparation of eutrophic artificial rice. The method mixes rice flour, nutrients, and a binder, and then cooks the mixture to semi-gelatinize the starch therein, and finally granulates to obtain rice grains. However, the method has a longer cooking time and a higher temperature, which results in loss of sensitive micronutrient properties and poor taste of the rice grains.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,609,896 discloses a process for the preparation of eutrophic artificial rice by extrusion techniques.
- PCT International Application PCT/EP2004/012710 discloses a method of preparing eutrophicated reconstituted rice. The method mixes the pulverized rice substrate, micronutrients, emulsifier and water, and then heats the mixture and extrudes it to form a pellet. This method adds a preheating treatment step prior to extrusion and uses the same adhesive. However, this preheating process does not allow sufficient and uniform heating of the mixture, and the resulting product is soft and easily broken.
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a quick-cooked rice, which comprises the following steps:
- Pre-screening is carried out using rice or broken rice as a raw material, impurities are removed, and then the raw material is dusted and then pulverized.
- the dust removal of raw materials further includes electrostatic dust removal and dust removal, and multi-stage pulverization is used for the pulverization of raw materials.
- the pulverized particles are screened by inspection screens, and the unqualified granules are recovered and re-processed in multiple stages. The mixture is obtained in a mixture of 0. 5 ⁇ 2. 4 hours to obtain a mixture;
- the nutrients are vitamin 4, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, folic acid, niacin, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, trace elements, riboflavin, VA acetate, thiamine, glucose One or more of zinc acid, calcium gluconate, and calcium lactate.
- the taste additive is one or more of crushed beef, pork, lamb, chicken, fish, pork ribs, or one or more of crushed vegetables, fruits, kelp, mushrooms, or One or more of crushed sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, pine nuts, walnuts, almonds, peanut kernels, sesame seeds, and black sesame seeds.
- the obtained mixture was injected into an extruder at 80 to 10 (TC was subjected to extrusion heat treatment for 0.5 to 5 minutes, and the mixture was extruded through a die hole at the exit of the extruder, and cut by a rotary cutter to obtain a particle size of 2 ⁇ 6mm, 7 ⁇ 19 ⁇ in length. Apply a layer of edible oil and fat to the cut granules, then recover the scrap produced in step 3 and re-extrude.
- the granules obtained by the extrusion molding step are subjected to multi-stage retort treatment, and the cooking temperature is 130 to 140 ° C, 110 to 20 ° C, 90 to 100 ° C, and the cooking humidity is 72 to 88 %, 42 to 58 %, respectively. 22 to 38%, the cooking time is 20 to 40 minutes, 1 to 3 hours, 2 to 4 hours, and the seasoning additive is sprayed onto the surface of the particles during the cooking to obtain matured particles.
- the seasoning additive is a seasoning such as table salt or monosodium glutamate.
- the matured particles are subjected to multi-stage constant-humidity cooling, and the cooling temperature is 60 to 70 ° C, 35 to 45 ° C, 15 to 25 °, and the cooling humidity is 8 to 17 %, and the cooling time is 1 to 10 hours, 2 to 2 20 hours, 3 to 30 hours, and a constant humidity cooling time of 10 to 60 hours, to obtain cooled particles.
- An edible fat or oil is applied to the outer surface of the cooling particles to obtain coated particles, and the resulting coated particles are dispersed to avoid adhesion between the particles, thereby obtaining a quick-cooked rice.
- the invention also relates to a quick-cooked rice prepared by the above method.
- the quick-cooked rice comprises 40 to 80 parts by weight of the pulverized rice raw material, 1 to 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 1 to 2 parts by weight of a heat stabilizer, 1 to 2 parts by weight of a nutrient, 3 to 9 parts by weight of a taste additive, and 1 to 2 parts by weight of the crosslinking agent, the quick-cooking rice has a water content of 10 to 15%.
- the nutrients are vitamin bismuth, vitamin B1, vitamin ⁇ 2, vitamin ⁇ 6, folic acid, niacin, vitamin ⁇ 12, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, trace elements, riboflavin, VA acetate, thiamine, glucose One or more of zinc acid and calcium lactate.
- the taste additive is one or more of crushed beef, pork, lamb, chicken, fish, pork ribs, or one or more of crushed vegetables, fruits, kelp, mushrooms, or One or more of crushed sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, pine nuts, walnuts, almonds, peanut kernels, sesame seeds, and black sesame seeds.
- the instant boiled rice of the present invention has the same or similar shape as the natural rice, and has a cooking time shorter than that of natural rice, and the cooking time is 3 to 15 minutes.
- the addition of the emulsifier facilitates the mixing of the pulverized rice raw material, i.e., the rice flour and water, and avoids the surface cracking of the finally prepared quick-cooked rice granules.
- the cellulose provides a supporting fiber skeleton for the mixture, so that the finally prepared quick-cooked rice granules contain a fiber skeleton with a certain supporting force to ensure the hardness of the fast-cooked rice granules and the natural rice.
- the hardness is similar, and the rapid cooking rice is prevented from being deformed or broken due to excessive softness in the subsequent drying process, thereby reducing the scrap rate.
- the heat stabilizer is used to protect various nutrients which are subsequently added to the mixture to prevent the above nutrients from being inactivated or destroyed due to excessive temperature during the preparation process, thereby ensuring the content of nutrients in the quick-cooked rice.
- the nutrients and taste additives can be freely selected according to specific needs and formulas. The scope of the above nutrients and taste additives is not limited to the nutrients listed in the claims and the description.
- the mixture of the rice flour and the water is gradually semi-gelatinized under heating conditions, and the crosslinking agent is added to facilitate the crosslinking reaction between the starch molecules, so that the prepared quick-cooked rice has good elasticity and internal viscosity.
- the joint force and surface adhesion force so as to avoid the breakage of the quick-cooked rice particles and the surface cracking.
- the addition of the crosslinking agent can reduce the heating time for promoting the semi-gelatinization, and prevent the nutrients from being inactivated or destroyed due to the long heating time.
- the outer surface of the granules which are cut after extrusion is coated with an edible oily substance for the purpose of avoiding cracking of the surface of the cooked rice which may be caused by the loss of water during the subsequent cooking and cooling.
- the purpose of the multi-stage cooking is that the granules are cooked to a semi-cooked state under high temperature and high humidity conditions as soon as possible, and then the cooking is carried out at a lower temperature and a lower humidity condition, so that the granules are not only cooked, but also gradually reduced.
- the temperature and water content of the particles are used to reduce the burden and time of the subsequent constant humidity cooling process.
- the purpose of the constant humidity cooling treatment is to reduce the temperature of the particles while ensuring a certain water content of the particles, and the water content of the particles is stable.
- the purpose of applying an edible oil and fat substance on the outer surface of the cooled particles is to further prevent the particles from being damaged and cracked, and to stabilize the water content of the quick-cooked rice within a certain range, and gradually make the outer surface of the quick-cooked rice coated.
- the substance forms a protective film.
- the color-selected quick-cooked rice granules are further post-treated, that is, polished and dyed, so that the quick-cooked rice is closer in shape to the natural rice, and the obtained quick-cooked rice has a shorter than natural rice.
- the cooking time is 3 to 15 minutes.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the overall preparation process of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the specific flow of the dust removing and pulverizing step of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the specific flow of the material mixing step of the present invention.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the specific flow of the extrusion molding step of the present invention.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the specific flow of the cooking cooling step of the present invention. detailed description
- the technical solution for preparing a quick-cooked rice is as follows.
- Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
- Process 1 Pre-screening the rice, sieving impurities, and then dusting the rice by electrostatic dust removal and high pressure dust removal.
- Process 2. Multi-stage pulverization of the dust-removed rice to obtain 60-160 mesh rice flour. The inspection sieve is used to recover the unqualified particles and carry out multi-pole pulverization.
- Fig. 3 Process 3, taking 8 ⁇ 22 parts by weight of rice flour, 8 ⁇ 22 parts by weight of water and 1 ⁇ 2 parts by weight of a 3 ⁇ 4 batching agent for premixing 0. 5 ⁇ 2. 4 hours, to obtain a premix.
- the emulsifier is one or more of a fatty acid monoglyceride, a sucrose ester, a sorbitol fat, a soybean phospholipid, a lauric acid monoglyceride, a propylene glycol fatty acid ester, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 to 60%. 0 to 40%, 0 to 35 %, 0 to 40%, 0 to 60%, 0 to 35%.
- Step 4 adding 25 to 65 parts by weight of rice flour, 8 to 22 parts by weight of water to the premix, mixing under heating at 60 to 80 ° C, adding high temperature steam of 80 to 90 ° C and 60 to 70 ° C
- the low temperature water vapor is adjusted to a mixing temperature of 70 to 80 °C.
- 1 to 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 1 to 2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 1 to 2 parts by weight of nutrients, 3 to 9 parts by weight of a taste additive, and 1 to 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are sequentially added to the mixture being mixed.
- the mixture was mixed at a mixing temperature of 70 to 80 ° C for 1 to 6 hours to obtain a mixture.
- the heat stabilizer is sulfite, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride (salt brine), disodium edetate, glucose
- the heat stabilizer is sulfite, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride (salt brine), disodium edetate, glucose
- One or more of acid- ⁇ -lactones having a weight ratio of 0 to 60%, 0 to 60%, 0 to 60%, 0 to 60%, and 0 to 60%.
- the nutrients are vitamin VIII, vitamin B1, vitamin ⁇ 2, vitamin ⁇ 6, folic acid, niacin, vitamin ⁇ 12, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, riboflavin, VA acetate, thiamine, zinc gluconate,
- One or more of calcium gluconate and calcium lactate the weight ratio of which is 0 to 50%, 0 to 30%, 0 to 30%, 0 to 30%, 0 to 30%, 0 to 30%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 50%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ recommended, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ 10%.
- the taste additive is one or more of crushed beef, pork, lamb, chicken, fish, pork ribs, or one or more of crushed vegetables, fruits, kelp, mushrooms, or One or more of crushed sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, pine nuts, walnuts, almonds, peanut kernels, sesame seeds, and black sesame seeds.
- the meat flavor additive is one or more of crushed beef, pork, mutton, chicken, fish and pork ribs.
- the experimental data of the material composition, the weight ratio range and the preferred weight ratio are as follows:
- the flavor additive of the fruit and vegetable is one or more of the crushed vegetables, fruits, kelp and mushrooms, and the experimental data of the material composition, the weight ratio range thereof and the preferred weight ratio are as follows. Preferred weight "2 ratio
- the nut flavor additive is one or more of crushed sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, pine nuts, nucleus, almonds, peanut kernels, sesame seeds, black sesame seeds, and the composition thereof and the weight ratio range thereof, preferably the weight ratio.
- the experimental data is as follows -
- the crosslinking agent is one or more of glyceraldehyde, glutaraldehyde, volatile acid, ammonia water, protein, gel, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 to 70%, 0 to 70%, 0 to 30. %, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 30%.
- Process 5 the mixture was injected into the extruder, and the extrusion heat treatment was carried out at 80 to 100 ° C for 0.5 to 5 minutes, and the mixture B was extruded through the die hole at the exit of the extruder, and was rotated by a cutter. The extruded particles having a particle diameter of 2 to 6 ram and a length of 7 to 19 mm were cut.
- Process 6 Apply an edible oil and fat substance to the outer surface of the granule after extrusion to obtain the coated granules, recover the granules and re-extrude the granules.
- the edible fat or oil substance is one or more of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and derivatives thereof, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 to 90%, 0 to 90%, and 0 to 90%.
- Process 7 the granules obtained in the extrusion step are subjected to multi-stage cooking:
- the cooking temperature is 110 ⁇ 20 °C
- the cooking temperature is 42 ⁇ 58%
- the cooking time is 1-3 hours.
- the matured granules are obtained after the multi-stage cooking treatment.
- Process 8 The matured particles are subjected to multi-stage constant humidity cooling:
- a layer of edible oil and fat is applied to the outer surface of the cooled particles to obtain coated particles, and the resulting coated particles are dispersed to avoid blocking between the particles, thereby obtaining coated particles.
- the edible fat and oil substance is one or more of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and derivatives thereof, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 to 90%, 0 to 90%, and 0 to 90%.
- Process 10 dispersing the resulting coated particles to avoid blocking between the particles.
- Process 11 Polish the product granules and apply a layer of beige edible pigment to the surface for dyeing. Then, on the conveyor belt, fast-cooked rice is obtained and packaged.
- the quick-cooked rice obtained through the above preparation process comprises 40 to 80 parts by weight of rice flour, 1 to 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 1 ⁇
- the heat stabilizer is one or more of sulfite, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride (salt brine), disodium edetate, and gluconic acid-S-lactone, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 ⁇ 50%, 0 ⁇ 50%, 0 ⁇ 50%, 0 ⁇ 50%, 0 ⁇
- the nutrients are vitamin 4, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, folic acid, niacin, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, trace elements, riboflavin, VA acetate, thiamine, glucose
- vitamins are vitamin 4, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, folic acid, niacin, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, trace elements, riboflavin, VA acetate, thiamine, glucose
- One or more of zinc acid, calcium gluconate and calcium lactate the weight ratio of which is 0 to 50%, 0 to 30%, 0 to 30%, 0 to 30%, 0 to 20%, 0 to 20 %, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 50%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ : 10%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ 20%.
- the taste additive is one or more of crushed beef, pork, lamb, chicken, fish, pork ribs, or one or more of crushed vegetables, fruits, kelp, mushrooms, or One or more of crushed sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, pine nuts, walnuts, almonds, peanut kernels, sesame seeds, and black sesame seeds.
- the crosslinking agent is one or more of glyceraldehyde, glutaraldehyde, volatile acid, ammonia water, protein, gel, and the weight ratio thereof is 0-50%, 0-50%, 0 ⁇ 30 %, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 30%.
- Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
- the quick-cooking rice is prepared by the following technical parameters, and the pre-mixing is carried out by using 10 parts by weight of 60 mesh rice flour, 10 parts by weight of water and 1 part by weight of emulsifier in the scheme 3. At 1.0 hour, a premix was obtained.
- Process 4 30 parts by weight of rice flour, 10 parts by weight of water, 1 part by weight of cellulose, 1 part by weight of heat stabilizer, 1 part by weight of nutrients, 3.5 parts by weight of taste additive and 1 part by weight of a crosslinking agent are mixed. The mixture was mixed under the conditions of a temperature of 70 Torr and a mixing time of 6 hours.
- Vitamin A 0 ⁇ 50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% Vitamin B1 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10 % 10% Vitamin B2 0 ⁇ 30% 5% Recommended 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% Vitamin B6 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% Folic acid 0 ⁇ 30 % 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5 % 5% 10% Niacin 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% Vitamin B12 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10 % 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin C 0 ⁇ 50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% Vitamin E 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10 % 10% 10% Vitamin K 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Riboflavin 0 ⁇ Brain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 80 ° C and the time is 5 minutes.
- the quick-cooked rice obtained by the above preparation process comprises 40 parts by weight of rice flour, 1 part by weight of cellulose, 1 part by weight of heat stabilizer, 1 part by weight of nutrient, 3.5 parts by weight of taste additive and 1 part by weight of a crosslinking agent.
- the water content of the quick-cooked rice is 15%.
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
- the first embodiment of the preparation of the quick-cooked rice quick-cooking rice 1.
- the emulsifier was premixed for 0.8 hours to obtain a premix.
- Sorbitol fat 0 ⁇ 35% 22% 24% 26% 28% 30% Soybean phospholipid 0 ⁇ 40% 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% lauric acid monoglyceride 0 ⁇ 60% 0 0 0 0 0 0 Propylene glycol fat Acid ester 0 ⁇ 35 % 11 % 12% 13% 14% 15 %
- the experimental data of the composition of the cross-linking agent and its weight ratio range and preferred weight ratio are as follows: Glutaraldehyde 0 ⁇ 70% 0 0 0 0 0 0 Volatile acid 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Ammonia water 0 ⁇ 30% 28% 24% 20% 16% 12% Protein 0 ⁇ 30% 10 % 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Gel 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
- the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 80 ° C and the time is 5 minutes.
- the weight of the instant cooking comprising 40 parts by weight of rice flour, 1. 5 parts by weight of cellulose, 1.5 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 1.5 parts by weight of nutrients, 4 parts by weight of taste additives and 1.5 weight 5% ⁇
- the water content of the quick-cooked rice is 14.5%.
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
- the quick-cooked rice was prepared by the following technical parameters:
- Process 3 10 parts by weight of 80 mesh rice flour, 10 parts by weight of water, and 2 parts by weight of emulsifier were used for premixing for 0.6 hours to obtain a premix.
- the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 85 ⁇ and the time is 4 minutes.
- the quick-cooked rice obtained by the above preparation process comprises 40 parts by weight of rice flour, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of nutrients, 4.5 parts by weight of taste additive and 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent.
- the water content of the quick-cooked rice is 14%.
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
- the quick-cooking rice was prepared by the following technical parameters, and the pre-mixing was carried out by using 15 parts by weight of 90 mesh rice flour, 15 parts by weight of water and 1 part by weight of emulsifier in the scheme 3. 1. 6 hours, get the premix.
- Process 4 45 parts by weight of rice flour, 15 parts by weight of water, 1 part by weight of cellulose, 1 part by weight of heat stabilizer, 1 part by weight of nutrients, 5.6 parts by weight of taste additive and 1 part by weight of a crosslinking agent are mixed. The mixture was mixed under the conditions of a temperature of 73 ° C and a mixing time of 5 hours.
- the experimental data of the material composition of the heat stabilizer and its weight ratio range and preferred weight ratio are as follows - Calcium chloride 0 ⁇ 60% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Magnesium chloride (salt brine) 0 ⁇ 60% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Disodium edetate 0 ⁇ 60% 0 0 0 0 0 Gluconic acid - ⁇ - lactone 0 ⁇ 60% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58%
- the experimental data of the material composition of the nutrients and their weight ratio range and preferred weight ratio are as follows:
- the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 85 ⁇ and the time is 4 minutes.
- Linoleic acid and its derivatives 0 ⁇ 90 % 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Linolenic acid and its derivatives 0 ⁇ 90 % 72 % 76 % 80% 84% 88 %
- the quick-cooked rice obtained by the above preparation process comprises 60 parts by weight of rice flour, 1 part by weight of cellulose, 1 part by weight of heat stabilizer, 1 part by weight of nutrient, 5.6 parts by weight of taste additive and 1 part by weight of a crosslinking agent. 5% ⁇ The water content of the quick-cooked rice is 13.5%.
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- the quick-cooked rice was prepared by the following technical parameters:
- Process 3 15 parts by weight of 100 mesh rice flour, 15 parts by weight of water, and 1.5 parts by weight of emulsifier were used for premixing for 1. 4 hours to obtain a premix.
- Vitamin A 0 ⁇ 50% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin Bl 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% Vitamin B2 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 5% Recommended 10% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin B6 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% Folic acid 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10 % 10% 10% Niacin 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% Vitamin B12 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% Vitamin C 0 ⁇ 50 % 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin E 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin K 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10 % 5% riboflavin 0 ⁇ 10% 1% 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 %
- the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 90 ° C and the time is 3 minutes.
- composition of the edible oils and fats used in the processes 6 and 9 and the weight ratio range and the experimental data of the preferred ratio of recombination are as follows—
- Oleic acid and its derivatives 0 ⁇ 90% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
- Linoleic acid and its derivatives 0 ⁇ 90% 28% 24% 20% 16% 12%
- Linolenic acid and its derivatives 0 ⁇ 90% 72% 76% 80% 84% 88%
- the multi-stage cooking used in the processes 7 and 8; the parameters of the multi-stage constant humidity and cold cooling are as follows - cooking temperature, cooking humidity, cooking time
- the weight of the instant cooking comprising 60 parts by weight of rice flour, 1. 5 parts by weight of cellulose, 1.5 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 1.5 parts by weight of nutrients, 6 parts by weight of taste additives and 1.5 weight
- the cross-linking agent has a water content of 13%.
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- the quick-cooked rice was prepared by the following technical parameters:
- Process 3 15 parts by weight of 110 mesh rice flour, 15 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of emulsifier are premixed for 1. 2 hours to obtain a premix.
- Process 4 45 parts by weight of rice flour, 15 parts by weight of water, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of nutrients, 6.5 parts by weight of taste additive and 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are mixed. The mixture was mixed under the conditions of a temperature of 75 ° C and a mixing time of 4 hours.
- Vitamin A 0 ⁇ 50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% Vitamin B1 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% Vitamin B2 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% Vitamin B6 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% Folic acid 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% Niacin 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin B12 0 ⁇ 30% 10 % 10% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% Vitamin C 0 ⁇ 50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% Vitamin E 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5 % 5% 5% 5% 10% Vitamin K 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% Riboflavin 0 ⁇ : L0% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5 % 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
- the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 90 ° C and the time is 3 minutes.
- the quick-cooked rice obtained by the above preparation process comprises 60 parts by weight of rice flour, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of nutrients, 6.5 parts by weight of taste additive and 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent. 5% ⁇ The water content of the instant cooking rice is 12.5%.
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- the quick-cooked rice was prepared by the following technical parameters:
- Process 3 20 parts by weight of 120 mesh rice flour, 20 parts by weight of water and 1 part by weight of emulsifier are used for premixing for 2. 2 hours to obtain a premix.
- the quick-cooked rice obtained by the above preparation process comprises 80 parts by weight of rice flour, 1 part by weight of cellulose, 1 part by weight of heat stabilizer, 1 part by weight of nutrients, 7.5 parts by weight of a taste additive, and 1 part by weight of a crosslinking agent.
- the water content of the cooked rice is 12%.
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- the quick-cooked rice was prepared by the following technical parameters:
- Process 3 20 parts by weight of 130 mesh rice flour, 20 parts by weight of water and 1.5 parts by weight of emulsifier are used. Premixed for 2.0 hours to obtain a premix.
- Vitamin A 0 ⁇ 50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% Vitamin Bl 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5 % 5% Vitamin B2 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% Vitamin B6 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% Folic acid 0-30 % 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% Niacin 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 5% 5 % 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin B12 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 5 % 5% 5% 10% 10% Vitamin C 0 ⁇ 50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% .
- Vitamin E 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5 % 5% 5% 10%
- Vitamin K 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5%
- Riboflavin 0 ⁇ 10% 1% 1% 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 %
- the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 95 ° C and the time is 2 minutes.
- the quick-cooked rice obtained by the above preparation process comprises 80 parts by weight of rice flour, 1.5 parts by weight of cellulose, 1.5 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 1.5 parts by weight of nutrients, 8 parts by weight of a taste additive, and 1.5 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent.
- the water content of the cooked rice is 11.5%.
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- the quick-cooked rice was prepared by the following technical parameters:
- Process 3 20 parts by weight of 140 mesh rice flour, 20 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of an emulsifier were premixed for 1.8 hours to obtain a premix.
- Propylene glycol fatty acid ester 0 ⁇ 35% 22% 24% 26% 28% 30%
- Process 4 60 parts by weight of rice flour, 20 parts by weight of water, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 2 parts by weight of heat stable 2 parts by weight of nutrients, 8.5 parts by weight of taste additive and 2 parts by weight of crosslinking agent are used in the mixing temperature. The mixture was mixed under conditions of 78 ° C and a mixing time of 2 hours.
- the experimental data of the material composition of the heat stabilizer and its weight ratio range and preferred weight ratio are as follows - preferably: 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ ratio
- the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 100 ° C and the time is 1 minute.
- the quick-cooked rice obtained by the above preparation process comprises 80 parts by weight of rice flour, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of nutrients, 8.5 parts by weight of a taste additive, and 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent.
- the water content of the quick-cooked rice is 11%.
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- the quick-cooked rice was prepared by the following technical parameters:
- Process 3 20 parts by weight of 150 mesh rice flour, 20 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of an emulsifier are premixed for 2.0 hours to obtain a premix.
- Process 4 60 parts by weight of rice flour, 20 parts by weight of water, 1 part by weight of cellulose, 2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of nutrients, 5 parts by weight of the taste additive, and 1 part by weight of the crosslinking agent were mixed at a mixing temperature of 79 ° C and a mixing time of 2 hours to obtain a mixture.
- Disodium edetate 0 ⁇ 60% 58% 54% 50% 46% 42 %
- the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 100 ° C and the time is 1 minute.
- the quick-cooked rice obtained by the above preparation process comprises 80 parts by weight of rice flour, 1 part by weight of cellulose, 2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of nutrient, 5 parts by weight of a taste additive, and 1 part by weight of a crosslinking agent. 5% ⁇ The water content of the boiled rice was 10.5%.
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- the quick-cooked rice was prepared by the following technical parameters:
- Process 3 20 parts by weight of 160 mesh rice flour, 20 parts by weight of water and 2 parts by weight of an emulsifier are premixed for 2.0 hours to obtain a premix.
- Process 4 60 parts by weight of rice flour, 20 parts by weight of water, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 1 part by weight of heat stabilizer, 1 part by weight of nutrients, 7 parts by weight of a taste additive, and 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are used at a mixing temperature of The mixture was mixed under conditions of 80 Torr and a mixing time of 1 hour.
- the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 10 (TC, the time is 1 minute.
- Linolenic acid and its derivatives 0 ⁇ 90% 32% 36% 40% 44% 48 %
- the quick-cooked rice obtained by the above preparation process comprises 80 parts by weight of rice flour, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 1 part by weight of heat stabilizer, 1 part by weight of nutrients, 7 parts by weight of a taste additive, and 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent.
- the water content of cooked rice is 10% 0
- composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
- the addition of the emulsifier facilitates the mixing of the pulverized rice raw material, i.e., the rice flour and water, and avoids the surface cracking of the finally prepared quick-cooked rice granules.
- the cellulose provides a supporting fiber skeleton for the mixture, so that the finally prepared quick-cooked rice granules contain a fiber skeleton with a certain supporting force to ensure the hardness of the fast-cooked rice granules and the natural rice.
- the hardness is similar, and the rapid cooking rice is prevented from being deformed or broken due to excessive softness in the subsequent drying process, thereby reducing the scrap rate.
- the heat stabilizer is used to protect various nutrients which are subsequently added to the mixture to prevent the above nutrients from being inactivated or destroyed due to excessive temperature during the preparation process, thereby ensuring the content of nutrients in the quick-cooked rice.
- the nutrients and taste additives can be freely selected according to specific needs and formulas. The scope of the above nutrients and taste additives is not limited to the nutrients listed in the claims and the specification.
- the mixture of the rice flour and the water is gradually semi-gelatinized under heating conditions, and the crosslinking agent is added to facilitate the crosslinking reaction between the starch molecules, so that the prepared quick-cooked rice has good elasticity and internal viscosity.
- the bonding force and the surface adhesion force so as to avoid the breakage of the quick-cooked rice particles and the surface cracking.
- the addition of the crosslinking agent can reduce the heating time for promoting the semi-gelatinization, and prevent the nutrients from being inactivated or destroyed due to the long heating time.
- the outer surface of the granules which are cut after extrusion is coated with an edible oily substance for the purpose of avoiding cracking of the surface of the quick-cooked rice which may be caused by the loss of water during the subsequent retort cooling.
- the purpose of the multi-stage cooking is that the granules are cooked to a semi-cooked state under high temperature and high humidity conditions as soon as possible, and then the cooking is carried out at a lower temperature and a lower humidity condition, so that the granules are not only cooked, but also gradually reduced.
- the temperature and water content of the particles are used to reduce the burden and time of the subsequent constant humidity cooling process.
- the purpose of the constant humidity cooling treatment is to reduce the temperature of the particles while ensuring a certain water content of the particles, and the water content of the particles is stable. After cooling, the outer surface of the granule is coated with an edible oily substance to further prevent the granule from being damaged and cracked, and gradually forms a protective film on the surface of the quick-cooked rice.
- the color-selected quick-cooked rice granules are further post-treated, that is, ground and dyed, so that the quick-cooked rice is closer in shape to the natural rice, and the obtained quick-cooked rice has a shorter cooking than the natural rice.
- the cooking time is 3 to 15 minutes. All waste materials in the preparation process can be recovered and reprocessed accordingly, so the material loss in the preparation process is extremely low.
- the technical advantage of the present invention is that the prepared quick-cooked rice not only has a similar or similar shape to that of natural rice, but also has a cooking time shorter than natural rice, the cooking time is 3 to 15 minutes, and it is not easy. It is damaged, and the preparation method of the invention has a simple process flow and high yield.
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Description
一种快煮米及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种快煮米及其制备方法,特别涉及一种快煮米及其制备方法,属于食品 加工领域。 背景技术
占世界人口 2/3以上的亚洲、 中东以及拉丁美洲的居民以米作为日常生活的主食, 满 足其日常卡路里摄入和营养素的摄入。 然而米中含有的维生素等营养素在经过粗米碾磨 后,仅能保留一小部分,而大部分的维生素等营养素随着外壳和胚乳在碾磨过程中被一同 被除去。所以向营养素大量丧失的米中添加合理的维生素、微量元素、必需氨基酸等营养 素,综合提高大米的食用营养价值,满足以米为主食的居民的维生素等营养素的需求,从 而预防疾病保持健康, 已成一个世界性的课题。然而如何通过低价、简单且有效的方法来 强化米中的营养素含量, 目前仍未有较好的技术方案。
世界各国对营养强化的米的研究很多,主要有籽粒预混合工艺、粉末预混合工艺等较 为简单的生产方法,后来发展的人造强化米工艺、酸预蒸法工艺、直接浸吸法工艺和涂膜 法工艺等比较成熟的生产方法,以及近年来出现的膨化微孔一固化一浸吸营养剂一复膜的 生产方法。 法国专利公开文本 US1530248公开了一种营养强化的人造谷粒。 该人造谷粒由 粗小麦粉或面粉的面团及维生素制备, 采用挤压机挤压面团成糊状结构, 然后切成小块, 进行干燥。然而, 根据该方法制备的谷粒在烹煮过程中稳定性很差, 极易碎裂, 从而使营 养素丧失。同样的问题也存在于中国专利 200510039229. 7中。美国专利 US620762公开了一 种制备富营养的人造米的方。该方法将米粉、营养物以及粘合剂混合,然后蒸煮混合物使 其中的淀粉半胶凝化,最后制粒得到米粒。然而,该方法的蒸煮处理的时间较长和温度较 高, 会导致敏感的微量营养物性能丧失以及米粒味道的不良。 美国专利 US5609896公开了 一种釆用挤出技术来制备富营养的人造米的方法。该方法通过加入特定添加剂,如热稳定 剂、粘合剂、交联剂等, 来克服了米粒稳定性较差以及维生素流失的问题。然而该方法的 生产过程较为复杂、实施困难、成品率低并且成本较高。 PCT国际申请 PCT/EP2004/012710 公开了一种制备富营养的复原米的方法。该方法将粉碎的米基质、微量营养物、乳化剂和 水混合,然后将混合物加热并挤出成型进行切割,得到颗粒。该方法在挤压前添加了一个 预加热处理步骤,并同样的使用了粘合剂。然而该预加热处理过程无法对混合物进行充分 均匀的加热, 并且制得的产品较软并且容易破碎。 同样的 PCT国际申请 PCT/US96/02708、 PCT/US95/00682、美国专利 US20070054029、US6139898、US5403606、US4886675、US3620762、 英国专利 GB1225070、 加拿大专利 CA2558700、 以及澳大利亚专利 AU1808883中都不同程度 的存在以上所述的问题和缺陷。 发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种经过快煮米以及制造该快煮米的方法,以弥补现有技 术的不足。
本发明涉及的一种快煮米的制备方法, 具体包括如下步骤:
以米或碎米作为原材料进行预筛选,筛去杂质,然后对原材料除尘并随后粉碎。对原 材料的除尘进一步包括静电除尘和髙压除尘,对原材料的粉碎采用多级粉碎。采用检査筛 筛选粉碎后的颗粒, 对尺寸不合格的颗粒回收并重新进行多级粉碎处理。
将粉碎后的 8〜22重量份原材料与 8〜22重量份水预混合, 并加入 1〜2重量份乳化 剂搅拌, 预混合 0. 5〜2. 4小时得到混合物;
向所得的混合物中加入 25〜65重量份原材料、 8〜22重量份水, 加热得到的混合物 至 60〜80°C , 并向其中添加的 80〜90°C高温水蒸气和 60〜70Ό的低温水蒸气, 以调节混 合物的温度为 70〜80Ό。 向混合物中内添加 1〜2重量份纤维素、 1〜2重量份热稳定剂、 1〜2重量份营养素、 3〜9重量份味道添加剂以及 1〜2重量份交联剂, 在 70〜80°C的混 合温度下混合 1〜6小时。 所述的营养素为维生素4、 维生素 Bl、 维生素 B2、 维生素 B6、 叶酸、 烟酸、 维生素 B12、 维生素 C、 维生素 E、 维生素 K、 微量元素、 核黄素、 VA醋酸 脂、硫胺素、葡萄糖酸锌、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙中的一种或多种。所述的味道添加剂为经 粉碎的牛肉、猪肉、羊肉、鸡肉、鱼肉、排骨中的一种或多种, 或为经粉碎的蔬菜、水果、 海带、蘑菇中的一种或多种, 或为经粉碎的葵花子、 南瓜子、 松子、核桃仁、 杏仁、花生 仁、 芝麻、 黑芝麻中的一种或多种。
将所得的混合物注入挤压机, 在 80〜10(TC进行挤压热处理 0. 5〜5分钟, 混合物经 挤压机出口处的模孔挤出, 并被旋转切割刀切割得到粒径为 2〜6mm、 长度为 7〜19匪的 颗粒。对切割后的颗粒涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质,然后对步骤 3中产生的碎料回收并重 新挤压成型。
将挤压成型步骤得到的颗粒进行多级蒸煮处理, 蒸煮温度依次为 130〜140°C、 110〜 20°C、 90〜100°C ,蒸煮湿度依次为 72〜88 %、 42〜58 %、 22〜38 %、蒸煮时间依次为 20〜 40分钟、 1〜3小时、 2〜4小时, 并在蒸煮过程中向颗粒表面喷涂调味添加剂, 得到熟化 颗粒。
所述的调味添加剂为食盐、 味精等调味料。
将熟化颗粒进行多级恒湿冷却, 冷却温度依次为 60〜70°C、 35〜45°C、 15〜25Ό, 冷却湿度皆为 8〜17 %, 冷却时间依次为 1〜10小时、 2〜20小时、 3〜30小时, 恒湿冷 却时间共计 10〜60小时, 得到冷却颗粒。
在冷却颗粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质,得到涂敷颗粒,并分散所得涂敷颗粒 以避免颗粒间的粘连, 从而得到快煮米。
本发明还涉及一种采用上述方法制备得到的快煮米。 所述快煮米包含 40〜80重量份 的经粉碎的米原材料, 1〜2重量份纤维素、 1〜2重量份热稳定剂、 1〜2重量份营养素、 3〜9重量份味道添加剂以及 1〜2重量份交联剂,所述快煮米的含水量为 10〜15%。所述 的营养素为维生素 Α、 维生素 Bl、 维生素 Β2、 维生素 Β6、 叶酸、 烟酸、 维生素 Β12、 维 生素 C、 维生素 E、 维生素 K、 微量元素、 核黄素、 VA醋酸脂、 硫胺素、 葡萄糖酸锌、 乳 酸钙中的一种或多种。所述的味道添加剂为经粉碎的牛肉、猪肉、羊肉、鸡肉、鱼肉、排 骨中的一种或多种, 或为经粉碎的蔬菜、水果、海带、蘑菇中的一种或多种, 或为经粉碎 的葵花子、 南瓜子、 松子、 核桃仁、 杏仁、 花生仁、 芝麻、 黑芝麻中的一种或多种。
本发明的快煮米具有与天然米相同或相近的外形, 并且具有比天然大米短的煮熟时 间, 该煮熟时间为 3〜15分钟。
所述的乳化剂的加入便于粉碎后的米原材料,即米粉与水的混合,并避免最后制得的 快煮米颗粒表面开裂。
所述的纤维素为混合物提供了一个起到支撑作用的纤维骨架,从而使得最后制得的快 煮米颗粒中含有具有一定支撑力的纤维骨架,以保证快煮米颗粒的硬度与天然米的硬度相 近, 并避免快煮米由于过于柔软而在其后的干燥等流程中变形或破损, 从而减小废品率。
所述的热稳定剂用于保护其后添加至混合物中的各种营养素,以避免上述营养素在制 备过程中因温度过高而失活或被破坏, 从而保证了快煮米中营养素的含量。
所述的营养素和味道添加剂可以根据具体的需要及配方, 自由选取。上述营养素和味 道添加剂的范围并不仅限于权利要求和说明书中所列举的营养素。
所述米粉和水的混合物在加热条件下逐渐半胶凝化,加入所述的交联剂,便于促使淀 粉分子间的交联反应,从而使得制得的快煮米具有良好的弹性、内部粘结力、表面粘结力, 从而避免快煮米颗粒破碎、表面开裂。同时交联剂的加入可以减少为了促使半胶凝化的加 热时间, 避免营养素因加热时间较长而失活或被破坏。
在挤出后切割得到的颗粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质的目的在于避免该颗粒 在随后的蒸煮冷却过程中因水分散失而可能带来的快煮米表面开裂。
所述的多级蒸煮的目的在于是颗粒在高温度高湿度条件下尽快蒸煮至半熟,然后通过 之后的较低温度和较低湿度条件下的蒸煮,是颗粒不仅被蒸煮熟,而且逐渐减少颗粒的温 度和水含量, 以减少之后恒湿冷却处理的负担和时间。
所述的恒湿冷却处理的目的在于在保证颗粒水含量一定的情况下, 降低颗粒的温度, 并是的颗粒的含水量稳定。
在冷却后的颗粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质的目的在于进一步避免颗粒破损 及开裂并使得快煮米的含水量稳定在一定范围内,并逐渐使得快煮米外表面涂敷的物质形 成一层保护膜。
可选择地对色选后地快煮米颗粒进行进一步地后处理,即打磨和染色,以使禱快煮米 在外形上更加接近与天然米,并且所得的快煮米具有比天然大米短的煮熟时间,该煮熟时 间为 3〜15分钟。
所有制备过程中地废弃物料都能得以回收,并相应地重新进行处理,故该制备流程中 地物料损失极低。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的整体制备流程示意图。
图 2是本发明除尘粉碎步骤的具体流程示意图。
图 3是本发明材料混合步骤的具体流程示意图。
图 4是本发明挤压成型步骤的具体流程示意图。
图 5是本发明蒸煮冷却步骤的具体流程示意图。 具体实施方式
根据本发明的权利要求和发明内容所公开的制备方法,制备一种快煮米的技术方案具 体如下所述。
实施例一:
根据图 2: 流程 1、 对米进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然后采用静电除尘和高压除尘法对 米进行除尘。流程 2、对除尘后的米进行多级粉碎,得到 60〜160目的米粉。采用检査筛, 将尺寸不合格的颗粒回收重新进行多极粉碎。
根据图 3: 流程 3、 取 8〜22重量份米粉、 8〜22重量份水以及 1〜2重量份¾化剂进 行预混合 0. 5〜2. 4小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂是脂肪酸单甘油脂,蔗糖酯、山梨糖醇脂、大豆磷脂、月桂酸单甘油酯、 丙二醇脂肪酸酯中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0〜60 %、 0〜40%、 0〜35 %、 0〜40 %、 0~60 %、 0〜35 %。
流程 4、 向预混合物中加入 25〜65重量份米粉、 8〜22重量份水, 在 60〜80°C加热 条件下进行混合, 添加 80〜90°C的高温水蒸气和 60〜70°C的低温水蒸气以调节混合温度 为 70〜80°C。随后向正在混合的混合物中依次添加 1〜2重量份纤维素、 1〜2重量份热稳 定剂、 1〜2重量份营养素、 3〜9重量份味道添加剂以及 1〜2重量份交联剂,在 70〜80°C 混合温度下混合 1〜6小时, 得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂是亚硫酸盐、 氯化钙、 氯化镁 (盐卤)、 乙二胺四乙酸二钠、 葡萄糖
酸 - δ -内酯中的一种或多种,其重量配比为 0〜60%、 0〜60 %、 0〜60 %、 0〜60%、 0〜 60 %。
所述的营养素为维生素八、 维生素 Bl、 维生素 Β2、 维生素 Β6、 叶酸、 烟酸、 维生素 Β12、 维生素 C、 维生素 E、 维生素 K、 核黄素、 VA醋酸脂、硫胺素、 葡萄糖酸锌、葡萄糖 酸钙、乳酸钙中的一种或多种,其重量配比为 0〜50%、 0〜30%、 0〜30 %、 0〜30%、 0〜 30%、 0〜30%、 0〜30%、 0〜50%、 0〜30%、 0〜30%、 0〜10%、 0〜薦、 0〜10 %、 0〜10 %、 0〜10 %、 0〜10%。
所述的味道添加剂为经粉碎的牛肉、猪肉、羊肉、鸡肉、鱼肉、排骨中的一种或多种, 或为经粉碎的蔬菜、 水果、 海带、 蘑菇中的一种或多种, 或为经粉碎的葵花子、 南瓜子、 松子、 核桃仁、 杏仁、 花生仁、 芝麻、 黑芝麻中的一种或多种。
其中肉类味道添加剂为经粉碎的牛肉、猪肉、羊肉、鸡肉、鱼肉、排骨中的一种或多 种, 其物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
其中果蔬味道添加剂为经粉碎的蔬菜、水果、海带、蘑菇中的一种或多种, 其物质组 成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如
优选重量 "2比
重 o量配比
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 蔬菜 100% 0 0 0 70% 70% 60% 60%
o
水果 0〜100% 0 100% 0 0 0 0 0 0 海带 0〜100% 0 0 100% 0 30% 0 40% 0 蘑 0〜100% 0 0 0 100% 0 30% 0 40% 优选重量配比
1 2
0〜100% 50% 50% 70% 50% 30% 30% 40% 25%
水果 0〜: 100% 30% 50% 70% 10% 20% 25%
海带 0〜100% 50% 30% 20% 25%
0〜100% 0 50% 0 0 0 30% 20% 25%
其中坚果味道添加剂为经粉碎的葵花子、南瓜子、松子、 核 二、杏仁、花生仁、 芝 麻、黑芝麻中的一种或多种,其物质组成及其重量配比范围、优选重量配比的实验数据如 下-
所述的交联剂是甘油醛、 戊二醛、 挥发性酸、 氨水、 蛋白质、 凝胶中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0〜70%、 0~70%、 0〜30%、 0〜30%、 0〜30%、 0〜30%。
根据图 4:流程 5、将混合物注入挤压机,在 80〜100°C进行挤压热处理 0. 5〜5分钟, 混合物 B经挤压机出口处的模孔挤出,并被旋转切割刀切割得到粒径为 2〜6ram、长度为 7〜 19mm的挤压后颗粒。
流程 6、在挤压后颗粒的外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质, 得到涂敷后颗粒, 将碎 料回收并重新挤压成型。
所述的可食用油脂类物质是油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸及其衍生物中的一种或多种,其重 量配比为 0〜90 %、 0〜90%、 0〜90%。
根据图 5: 流程 7、 将挤压成型步骤得到的颗粒进行多级蒸煮处理:
7. 1一级蒸煮处理: 蒸煮温度 130〜; 140Ό、蒸煮湿度 72〜88%、蒸煮时间 20〜40分 钟, 蒸煮过程中向颗粒表面喷涂 0. 001重量份调味添加剂。
7. 2二级蒸煮处理: 蒸煮温度 110〜20°C、蒸煮湿度 42〜58 %、蒸煮时间 1〜3小时, 蒸煮过程中向颗粒表面喷涂 0. 001重量份调味添加剂。
7. 3三级蒸煮处理: 蒸煮温度 90〜100°C、 蒸煮湿度 22〜38 %、 蒸煮时间 2〜4小时, 蒸煮过程中向颗粒表面喷涂 0. 001重量份调味添加剂。
多级蒸煮处理后得到熟化颗粒。
流程 8、 将熟化颗粒进行多级恒湿冷却:
8. 1—级恒湿冷却: 冷却温度 60〜70°C、 冷却湿度 8〜17 %、 冷却时间 1〜10小时。
8. 2二级恒湿冷却: 冷却温度 35〜45°C、 冷却湿度 8〜17 %、 冷却时间 2〜20小时。 8. 3三级恒湿冷却: 冷却温度 15〜25°C、 冷却湿度 8〜17 %、 冷却时间 3〜30小时。 恒湿冷却时间共计 10〜60小时, 得到冷却颗粒。
流程 9、在冷却颗粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质, 得到涂敷颗粒, 并分散所得 涂敷颗粒以避免颗粒间的粘连,从而得到涂敷颗粒。所述的可食用油脂类物质是油酸、亚 油酸、 亚麻酸及其衍生物中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0〜90%、 0〜90%、 0〜90%。 流程 10、 分散所得涂敷颗粒以避免颗粒间的粘连。
流程 11、 打磨产品颗粒, 并对其表面喷涂一层米白色可食用色素进行染色, 随后在 传送带上, 得到快煮米, 并进行包装。
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 40〜80重量份米粉, 1〜2重量份纤维素、 1〜
2重量份热稳定剂、 1〜2重量份营养素、 3〜9重量份味道添加剂以及 1〜2重量份交联剂, 所述快煮米的含水量为 10〜15%。
所述的热稳定剂是亚硫酸盐、 氯化钙、 氯化镁 (盐卤)、 乙二胺四乙酸二钠、 葡萄糖 酸 - S -内酯中的一种或多种,其重量配比为 0〜50%、 0〜50 %、 0〜50%、 0〜50%、 0〜
50%。
所述的营养素为维生素4、 维生素 Bl、 维生素 B2、 维生素 B6、 叶酸、 烟酸、 维生素 B12、 维生素 C、 维生素 E、 维生素 K、 微量元素、 核黄素、 VA醋酸脂、硫胺素、葡萄糖酸 锌、 葡萄糖酸钙、 乳酸钙中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0〜50%、 0〜30 %、 0〜30%、 0〜30%、 0〜20 %、 0〜20 %、 0〜30 %、 0〜50%、 0〜30 %、 0~30%、 0〜10 %、 0〜10 %、 0〜10%、 0〜: 10 %、 0〜10%、 0〜20%。
所述的味道添加剂为经粉碎的牛肉、猪肉、羊肉、鸡肉、鱼肉、排骨中的一种或多种, 或为经粉碎的蔬菜、 水果、 海带、 蘑菇中的一种或多种, 或为经粉碎的葵花子、 南瓜子、 松子、 核桃仁、 杏仁、 花生仁、 芝麻、 黑芝麻中的一种或多种。
所述的交联剂是甘油醛、 戊二醛、 挥发性酸、 氨水、 蛋白质、 凝胶中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0〜50 %、 0〜50 %、 0〜30%、 0〜30 %、 0〜30 %、 0〜30%。
实施例二:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米- 1、流程 3中采用 10重量份的 60目米粉、 10重量份水以及 1重量份乳化剂进行预混
合 1. 0小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
2、流程 4中采用 30重量份米粉、 10重量份水、 1重量份纤维素、 1重量份热稳定剂、 1重量份营养素、 3. 5重量份味道添加剂以及 1重量份交联剂在混合温度 70Ό、混合时间 6小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配 1:1匕的实验数据如下:
优选重量, "B比
重量配比
1 2 3 .4 5 6 7 8 维生素 A 0〜50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 维生素 B1 0〜30% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 B2 0〜30% 5% 薦 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 维生素 B6 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 叶酸 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5 % 5% 10% 烟酸 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 维生素 B12 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 C 0〜50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 维生素 E 0〜30% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 K 0〜30% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 核黄素 0〜腦 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VA醋酸脂 0〜 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 硫胺素 0〜10% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 葡萄糖酸锌 0〜10% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 葡萄糖酸钙 0〜10% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
乳酸钙 0〜10% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 80°C、 时间为 5分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 40重量份米粉, 1重量份纤维素、 1重量份热 稳定剂、 1重量份营养素、 3. 5重量份味道添加剂以及 1重量份交联剂, 所述快煮米的含 水量为 15%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
实施例三:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米快煮米: 1、流程 3中采用 10重量份的 70目米粉、 10重量份水以及 1. 5重量份乳化剂进行预 混合 0. 8小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
山梨糖醇脂 0〜35% 22% 24% 26% 28% 30% 大豆磷脂 0〜40% 11 % 12% 13% 14% 15% 月桂酸单甘油酯 0〜60% 0 0 0 0 0 丙二醇脂肪酸酯 0〜35 % 11 % 12% 13% 14% 15 %
2、 流程 4中采用 30重量份米粉、 10重量份水、 1. 5重量份纤维素、 1. 5重量份热稳 定剂、 1. 5重量份营养素、 4重量份味道添加剂以及 1. 5重量份交联剂在混合温度为 71°C、 混合时间 6小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下-
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下
所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
戊二醛 0〜70% 0 0 0 0 0 挥发性酸 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 氨水 0〜30% 28% 24% 20% 16% 12% 蛋白质 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 凝胶 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 80°C、 时间为 5分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量 配比的实验数据如—
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 40重量份米粉, 1. 5重量份纤维素、 1. 5重量 份热稳定剂、 1. 5重量份营养素、 4重量份味道添加剂以及 1. 5重量份交联剂, 所述快煮 米的含水量为 14. 5%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
实施例四:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米:
1、流程 3中采用 10重量份的 80目米粉、 10重量份水以及 2重量份乳化剂进行预混 合 0. 6小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
2、流程 4中采用 30重量份米粉、 10重量份水、 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、
2重量份营养素、 4. 5重量份味道添加剂以及 2重量份交联剂在混合温度为 72°C、混合时 间 5小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下
所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 40重量份米粉, 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热 稳定剂、 2重量份营养素、 4. 5重量份味道添加剂以及 2重量份交联剂, 所述快煮米的含 水量为 14%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
实施例五:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米- 1、流程 3中采用 15重量份的 90目米粉、 15重量份水以及 1重量份乳化剂进行预混 合 1. 6小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
2、流程 4中采用 45重量份米粉、 15重量份水、 1重量份纤维素、 1重量份热稳定剂、 1重量份营养素、 5. 5重量份味道添加剂以及 1重量份交联剂在混合温度为 73°C、混合时 间 5小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下 -
氯化钙 0〜60% 0 0 0 0 0 氯化镁 (盐卤) 0〜60% 0 0 0 0 0 乙二胺四乙酸二钠 0〜60% 0 0 0 0 0 葡萄糖酸 - δ -内酯 0〜60% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58% 所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
优选重量配比
2
甘油醛 0〜70% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58%
戊二醛 0—70%
挥发性酸 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
氨水 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
蛋白质 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
凝胶 0〜30% 28% 24% 20% 16% 12%
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 85Ό、 时间为 4分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量
亚麻酸及其衍生物 0〜90 % 72 % 76 % 80% 84% 88 %
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的多级蒸煮和多级恒湿冷却的参数如下
内
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 60重量份米粉, 1重量份纤维素、 1重量份热 稳定剂、 1重量份营养素、 5. 5重量份味道添加剂以及 1重量份交联剂, 所述快煮米的含 水量为 13. 5%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
实施例六:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米:
1、 流程 3中采用 15重量份的 100目米粉、 15重量份水以及 1. 5重量份乳化剂进行 预混合 1. 4小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
2、 流程 4中采用 45重量份米粉、 15重量份水、 1. 5重量份纤维素、 1. 5重量份热稳 定剂、 1. 5重量份营养素、 6重量份味道添加剂以及 1. 5重量份交联剂在混合温度为 74Ό、 混合时间 4小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下: 优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5
亚硫酸盐 0〜60 %
0〜60 % 58 % 54% 50 % 46% 42 %
氯化镁 (盐卤) 0〜60% 42% 46% 50 % 54% 58 %
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 0—60%
葡萄糖酸 - δ 0—60% 0 0 0 0 0
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重 配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 维生素 A 0〜50% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 Bl 0〜30% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 维生素 B2 0〜30% 5% 5% 薦 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 B6 0〜30% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 叶酸 0〜30% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 烟酸 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 维生素 B12 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 维生素 C 0〜50% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 E 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 K 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 核黄素 0〜10% 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 %
VA醋酸脂 0〜10% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 硫胺素 0〜10% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 葡萄糖酸锌 0〜10% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 葡萄糖酸钙 0〜10% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 乳酸钙 0〜10% 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 %
所述白勺交联剂的^ 1勿质组成及其重量配比范围、 ii选重量配比的实验数据如下: 优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5
甘油醛 0〜70% 0 0 0 0 0
戊二醛 0〜70% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58%
挥发性酸 0〜30% 28% 24% 20% 16% 12%
氨水 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
蛋白质 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
凝胶 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 90°C、 时间为 3分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中釆用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重 配比的实验数据如—
优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5
油酸及其衍生物 0〜90% 0 0 0 0 0
亚油酸及其衍生物 0〜90% 28% 24% 20% 16% 12%
亚麻酸及其衍生物 0〜90% 72% 76% 80% 84% 88%
5、 流程 7和 8中釆用的多级蒸煮;口多级恒湿冷去 ]的参数如下- 蒸煮温度 蒸煮湿度 蒸煮时间
流程 7 多级蒸煮 一级蒸煮 134°C 79% 32分钟
二级蒸煮 114。C 49% 2. 2小时
三级蒸煮 94 °C 29% 3. 2小时
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 60重量份米粉, 1. 5重量份纤维素、 1. 5重量 份热稳定剂、 1. 5重量份营养素、 6重量份味道添加剂以及 1. 5重量份交联剂, 所述快煮 米的含水量为 13%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
实施例七:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米:
1、 流程 3中采用 15重量份的 110目米粉、 15重量份水以及 2重量份乳化剂进行预 混合 1. 2小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
2、流程 4中采用 45重量份米粉、 15重量份水、 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、 2重量份营养素、 6. 5重量份味道添加剂以及 2重量份交联剂在混合温度为 75°C、混合时 间 4小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下: 优选: :量配比
1 2 3 4 5
亚硫酸盐 0〜60%
氯化钙 0〜60% 58% 54% 50% 46% 42%
氯化镁 (盐卤) 0〜60%
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 0〜60% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58%
葡萄糖酸 - δ -内酉! 0〜60% 0 0 0 0 0
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下
优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 维生素 A 0〜50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 维生素 B1 0〜30% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 维生素 B2 0〜30% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 维生素 B6 0〜30% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5%
叶酸 0〜30% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 烟酸 0〜30% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 B12 0〜30% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 维生素 C 0〜50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 维生素 E 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 维生素 K 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 核黄素 0〜: L0% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
VA醋酸脂 0〜10% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 硫胺素 0〜10% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 葡萄糖酸锌 0〜 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 葡萄糖酸钙 0〜腦 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 乳酸钙 0〜薦 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 90°C、 时间为 3分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量 配比的实验数据如—
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
实施例八:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米:
1、 流程 3中采用 20重量份的 120目米粉、 20重量份水以及 1重量份乳化剂进行预 混合 2. 2小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
1重量份营养素、 7. 5重量份味道添加剂以及 1重量份交联剂在混合温度为 76°C、混合时 间 3小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下: 优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5
亚硫酸盐 0〜60%
氯化钙 0〜60% 58% 54% 50% 46% 42%
氯化镁 (盐卤) 0〜60%
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 0〜60%
葡萄糖酸 - δ -内酯 0〜60% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58%
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重』 配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
VA醋酸脂 0〜10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 硫胺素 0〜10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 葡萄糖酸锌 0〜10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 葡萄糖酸钙 0〜10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 乳酸钙 0〜10% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量 配比的实验数据如—
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 80重量份米粉, 1重量份纤维素、 1重量份热 稳定剂、 1重量份营养素、 7.5重量份味道添加剂以及 1重量份交联剂, 所述快煮米的含 水量为 12%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
实施例九:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米:
1、 流程 3中采用 20重量份的 130目米粉、 20重量份水以及 1.5重量份乳化剂进行
预混合 2. 0小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
2、 流程 4中采用 60重量份米粉、 20重量份水、 1. 5重量份纤维素、 1. 5重量份热稳 定剂、 1. 5重量份营养素、 8重量份味道添加剂以及 1. 5重量份交联剂在混合温度为 TJ。C、 混合时间 3小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下: 优选重量配比
1 2 3 4 5
0〜60%
氯化钙 0〜60%
氯化镁 (盐卤) 0〜60% 58% 54% 50% 46% 42%
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 0〜60% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58%
葡萄糖酸 - S -内酯 0〜60% 0 0 0 0 0
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重』 配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 维生素 A 0〜50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 维生素 Bl 0〜30% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5 % 5% 维生素 B2 0〜30% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 维生素 B6 0〜30% 5% 5% 5 % 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 叶酸 0-30% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 烟酸 0〜30% 10% 5% 5 % 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 B12 0〜30% 10% 10% 5 % 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 维生素 C 0〜50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15 % . 15% 维生素 E 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5 % 5% 5% 10% 维生素 K 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 核黄素 0〜10% 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 %
VA醋酸脂 0〜10% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 硫胺素 0〜薦 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 葡萄糖酸锌 0〜10% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% ' 2% 葡萄糖酸钙 0〜10% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
乳酸钙 0〜腦 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 所述的交关剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数:据如下:
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 95°C、 时间为 2分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 80重量份米粉, 1.5重量份纤维素、 1.5重量 份热稳定剂、 1.5重量份营养素、 8重量份味道添加剂以及 1.5重量份交联剂, 所述快煮 米的含水量为 11.5%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
实施例十:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米:
1、 流程 3中采用 20重量份的 140目米粉、 20重量份水以及 2重量份乳化剂进行预 混合 1.8小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
大豆磷脂 0〜40% 11% 12% 13% 14% 15%
月桂酸单甘油 δ酯 0〜60% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25%
丙二醇脂肪酸酯内 0〜35% 22% 24% 26% 28% 30%
酉
2、流程 4中采匕曰用 60重量份米粉、 20重量份水、 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定 2重量份营养素、 8.5重量份味道添加剂以及 2重量份交联剂在混合温度为 78°C、混合时 间 2小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下- 优选: ¾Β比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5
0〜60%
氯化镁 (盐卤) 0〜60% 58% 54% 50% 46% 42%
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 0〜60%
0〜60% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58%
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下
挥发性酸 0〜30% 0 0 0 0 0
氨水 0〜30% 0 0 0 0 0
蛋白质 0〜30 % 0 0 0 0 0
凝胶 0〜30% 0 0 0 0 0
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 100°C、 时间为 1分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量 配比的实验数据如—
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 80重量份米粉, 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热 稳定剂、 2重量份营养素、 8. 5重量份味道添加剂以及 2重量份交联剂, 所述快煮米的含 水量为 11 %。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
实施例十一:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米:
1、 流程 3中采用 20重量份的 150目米粉、 20重量份水以及 2重量份乳化剂进行预 混合 2. 0小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
2、流程 4中采用 60重量份米粉、 20重量份水、 1重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、
2重量份营养素、 5重量份味道添加剂以及 1重量份交联剂在混合温度为 79°C、混合时间 2小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下: 优选: :量配比
1 2 3 4 5
亚硫酸盐 0〜60 %
氯化钙 0〜60 %
氯化镁 (盐卤) 0〜60%
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 0〜60% 58% 54% 50% 46% 42 %
葡萄糖酸 - S -内酉! 0—60% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58 %
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重 配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 80重量份米粉, 1重量份纤维素、 2重量份热 稳定剂、 2重量份营养素、 5重量份味道添加剂以及 1重量份交联剂, 所述快煮米的含水 量为 10. 5%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
实施例十二:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备快煮米:
1、 流程 3中采用 20重量份的 160目米粉、 20重量份水以及 2重量份乳化剂进行预 混合 2. 0小时, 得到预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
2、流程 4中采用 60重量份米粉、 20重量份水、 2重量份纤维素、 1重量份热稳定剂、 1重量份营养素、 7重量份味道添加剂以及 2重量份交联剂在混合温度为 80Ό、混合时间 1小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
氯化镁 (盐卤) 0〜60% 20% 24% 28% 12% 16%
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 0〜60% 24% 28% 12% 16% 20%
葡萄糖酸 - δ -内酯 0〜60% 28% 12% 16% 20% 24%
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重 配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 10(TC、 时间为 1分钟。
亚麻酸及其衍生物 0〜90% 32 % 36% 40% 44% 48 %
经过上述制备流程得到的快煮米,包含 80重量份米粉, 2重量份纤维素、 1重量份热 稳定剂、 1重量份营养素、 7重量份味道添加剂以及 2重量份交联剂, 所述快煮米的含水 量为 10% 0
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。
本发明中采用了多种添加剂, 其作用如下:
所述的乳化剂的加入便于粉碎后的米原材料,即米粉与水的混合,并避免最后制得的 快煮米颗粒表面幵裂。所述的纤维素为混合物提供了一个起到支撑作用的纤维骨架,从而 使得最后制得的快煮米颗粒中含有具有一定支撑力的纤维骨架,以保证快煮米颗粒的硬度 与天然米的硬度相近, 并避免快煮米由于过于柔软而在其后的干燥等流程中变形或破损, 从而减小废品率。所述的热稳定剂用于保护其后添加至混合物中的各种营养素,以避免上 述营养素在制备过程中因温度过高而失活或被破坏, 从而保证了快煮米中营养素的含量。
所述的营养素和味道添加剂可以根据具体的需要及配方, 自由选取。上述营养素和味 道添加剂的范围并不仅限于权利要求和说明书中所列举的营养素。所述米粉和水的混合物 在加热条件下逐渐半胶凝化,加入所述的交联剂,便于促使淀粉分子间的交联反应,从而 使得制得的快煮米具有良好的弹性、内部粘结力、表面粘结力,从而避免快煮米颗粒破碎、 表面开裂。同时交联剂的加入可以减少为了促使半胶凝化的加热时间,避免营养素因加热 时间较长而失活或被破坏。在挤出后切割得到的颗粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质的 目的在于避免该颗粒在随后的蒸煮冷却过程中因水分散失而可能带来的快煮米表面开裂。
所述的多级蒸煮的目的在于是颗粒在高温度高湿度条件下尽快蒸煮至半熟,然后通过 之后的较低温度和较低湿度条件下的蒸煮,是颗粒不仅被蒸煮熟,而且逐渐减少颗粒的温 度和水含量, 以减少之后恒湿冷却处理的负担和时间。所述的恒湿冷却处理的目的在于在 保证颗粒水含量一定的情况下, 降低颗粒的温度,并是的颗粒的含水量稳定。在冷却后颗 粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质的目的在于进一步避免颗粒破损及开裂,并逐渐使得 快煮米外表面涂敷的物质形成一层保护膜。可选择地对色选后地快煮米颗粒进行进一步地 后处理, 即打磨和染色, 以使得快煮米在外形上更加接近与天然米, 并且所得的快煮米具 有比天然大米短的煮熟时间,该煮熟时间为 3〜15分钟。所有制备过程中地废弃物料都能 得以回收, 并相应地重新进行处理, 故该制备流程中地物料损失极低。
综上, 本发明的技术优势在于制备得到的快煮米不仅具有与天然米相似或相近的外 形, 而且具有比天然大米短的煮熟时间, 该煮熟时间为 3〜15分钟, 并且不容易破损, 并 且本发明的制备方法工艺流程简单, 产率高。
Claims
1、 一种快煮米的制备方法, 其特征在于, 以米或碎米作为原材料, 并包括 以下步骤:
步骤 1 : 除尘粉碎步骤, 对原材料进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然后对原材 料除尘并随后粉碎;
步骤 2: 材料混合步骤, 将原材料、 水与添加剂混合, 所述的步骤 2进 一步包括- 步骤 2.1 : 预混合步骤, 将粉碎后的 8〜22重量份原材料与 8〜22重量 份水预混合, 并加入 1〜2重量份乳化剂搅拌, 预混合 0.5〜2.4小时得到混 合物;
步骤 2.2:加料混合步骤, 向预混合步骤的混合物中加入 25〜65重量份 原材料、 8〜22重量份水、 1〜2重量份营养素和 3〜9重量份味道添加剂进 一步混合 1〜6小时得到混合物;
步骤 3: 挤压成型步骤, 将加料混合步骤得到的混合物注入挤压机, 在 80〜100°C条件下进行挤压热处理 0.5〜5分钟,混合物经挤压机出口处的模 孔挤出, 并被旋转切割刀切割得到粒径为 2〜6mm、 长度为 7〜19mm的颗 粒;
步骤 4: 蒸煮冷却步骤, 将挤压成型步骤得到的颗粒蒸煮处理后恒湿冷 却, 所述的步骤 4进一步包括- 步骤 4.1 : 将挤压成型步骤得到的颗粒进行蒸煮处理, 得到熟化颗粒; 步骤 4.2:将熟化颗粒在湿度为 8〜17%的环境下恒湿冷却共 10〜60小 时, 得到冷却颗粒;
步骤 4.3: 在冷却颗粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质, 得到涂敷颗 粒。
2、如权利要求 1所述的一种快煮米的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 1 中, 对原材料的除尘进一步包括静电除尘和高压除尘, 对原材料的粉碎采用 多级粉碎;
在所述的步骤 1中, 采用检查筛筛选粉碎后的颗粒, 对尺寸不合格的颗 粒回收并重新进行多级粉碎处理。
3、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种快煮米的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 2.2中, 将得到的混合物加热至 60〜80°C, 并向其中添加 80〜90°C的高温 水蒸气和 60〜70°C的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度至 70〜80°C ;
在所述的步骤 2.2中, 向混合物中添加 1〜2重量份纤维素、 1〜2重量 份热稳定剂、 以及 1〜2重量份交联剂。
4、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种快煮米的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的营养 素为维生素 A、 维生素 B1、 维生素 B2、 维生素 B6、 叶酸、 烟酸、 维生素 B12、 维生素 C、 维生素 E、 维生素 K、 微量元素、 核黄素、 VA醋酸脂、 硫 胺素、 葡萄糖酸锌、 葡萄糖酸钙、 乳酸钙中的一种或多种;
5、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种快煮米的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的味道 添加剂为经粉碎的牛肉、 猪肉、 羊肉、 鸡肉、 鱼肉、 排骨中的一种或多种, 或为经粉碎的蔬菜、 水果、 海带、 蘑菇中的一种或多种, 或为经粉碎的葵花 子、 南瓜子、松子、 核桃仁、杏仁、花生仁、 芝麻、 黑芝麻中的一种或多种。
6、如权利要求 1所述的一种快煮米的制备方法,其特征在于, 所述的步骤 3 中, 对切割后的颗粒涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质, 然后对步骤 3中产生的碎 料回收并重新挤压成型。
7、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种快煮米的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 4.1中的蒸煮为多级蒸煮, 蒸煮温度依次为 130〜140°C、 110〜20°C、 90〜 100°C, 蒸煮湿度依次为 72〜88%、 42〜58%、 22〜38%、 蒸煮时间依次 为 20〜40分钟、 1〜3小时、 2〜4小时。
8、 如权利要求 1 所述的一种快煮米的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 4.2中的恒湿冷却为多级恒湿冷却, 冷却温度依次为 60〜70°C、 35〜45° (:、 15〜25°C, 冷却湿度皆为 8〜17%, 冷却时间依次为 1〜10小时、 2〜20小 时、 3〜30小时。
9、如权利要求 1所述的一种快煮米的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 4 中, 在进行多级蒸煮过程中, 向颗粒表面喷涂调味添加剂, 并分散所得涂敷 颗粒以避免颗粒间的粘连。
10、 一种根据权利要求 1至 9所述的方法制备的快煮米, 其特征在于, 所述 的快煮米具有与天然米相同或相近的外形。
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CN1698463A (zh) * | 2005-04-30 | 2005-11-23 | 江南大学 | 一种微量营养素强化大米及其挤压生产方法 |
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JP2003102408A (ja) * | 2001-09-27 | 2003-04-08 | Bio Tec Japan:Kk | ダイエット米及びその製造方法 |
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