WO2010102521A1 - 复合谷物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

复合谷物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010102521A1
WO2010102521A1 PCT/CN2010/000311 CN2010000311W WO2010102521A1 WO 2010102521 A1 WO2010102521 A1 WO 2010102521A1 CN 2010000311 W CN2010000311 W CN 2010000311W WO 2010102521 A1 WO2010102521 A1 WO 2010102521A1
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weight
parts
temperature
raw material
mixture
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PCT/CN2010/000311
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘�英
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上海亦晨信息科技发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2010102521A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010102521A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/10Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
    • A23L33/105Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10Cereal-derived products
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/117Flakes or other shapes of ready-to-eat type; Semi-finished or partly-finished products therefor
    • A23L7/126Snacks or the like obtained by binding, shaping or compacting together cereal grains or cereal pieces, e.g. cereal bars

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composite cereal and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a nutritionally enhanced composite cereal and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of food processing. Background technique
  • French patent publication US 1530248 discloses a nutritionally fortified artificial grain.
  • the artificial grain is prepared from dough and vitamins of semolina or flour, and the dough is extruded into a paste structure by an extruder, and then cut into small pieces and dried.
  • the grain prepared according to this method has poor stability during cooking and is extremely fragile, thereby losing nutrients.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,200,762 discloses a party for the preparation of eutrophic artificial rice. The method mixes rice flour, nutrients, and a binder, and then cooks the mixture to semi-gelatinize the starch therein, and finally granulates to obtain rice grains. However, the method has a longer cooking time and a higher temperature, which results in loss of sensitive micronutrient properties and poor taste of the rice grains.
  • U.S. Patent No. 5,609,896 discloses a process for the preparation of eutrophic artificial rice using extrusion techniques.
  • the method overcomes the problem of poor stability of the rice grains and loss of vitamins by adding specific additives such as heat stabilizers, binders, crosslinking agents and the like.
  • specific additives such as heat stabilizers, binders, crosslinking agents and the like.
  • the production process of the method is complicated, difficult to implement, low in yield, and high in cost.
  • PCT International Application PCT/EP2004/012710 discloses a method of preparing eutrophicated reconstituted rice. The method mixes the pulverized rice substrate, the micronutrient, the emulsifier and water, and then heats the mixture and extrudes it for cutting to obtain granules. This method adds a preheating step prior to extrusion and uses the same adhesive. However, this preheating process does not allow sufficient and uniform heating of the mixture, and the resulting product is soft and easily broken.
  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a nutritionally enhanced composite cereal, which comprises the following steps:
  • glutinous rice, yellow rice and rhubarb rice as raw materials for rice, buckwheat, oats, barley and rye as raw materials for wheat, mung beans, red beans, black beans and soybeans as raw materials for beans, black rice, glutinous rice and glutinous rice.
  • glutinous rice is separately pre-screened to remove impurities, and then the raw materials and matrix materials are respectively dusted and then pulverized. Dedusting of raw materials and matrix materials further includes electrostatic dust removal and high pressure dust removal, and multi-stage pulverization is used for the pulverization of raw materials and matrix materials.
  • the pulverized particles are separately screened by inspection sieves, and the unqualified granules are separately recovered and re-processed by multi-stage pulverization to obtain rice raw material powder, wheat raw material powder, bean raw material powder and matrix powder. ⁇ 2. 2 parts by weight of emulsifier is stirred, and the obtained mixture is heated to 55 ⁇ 75'C, and the mixture is stirred and mixed with 9 ⁇ 23 parts by weight of water. 5 ⁇ 4 hours to obtain a high temperature water vapor of 75 ⁇ 85'C and a low temperature water vapor of 55 ⁇ 65'C to adjust the temperature of the mixture to 65 ⁇ 75'C, premixed 0. 5 ⁇ 2.
  • the pulverized 18 42 parts by weight of the raw material powder of wheat is pre-mixed with 11 25 parts by weight of water, and 0.4-1.2 parts by weight of an emulsifier is added thereto, and the obtained mixture is heated to 65 to 85 ° C, and 85 95 is added thereto.
  • 'C high temperature steam and 65 ⁇ 75'C low temperature steam to adjust the temperature of the mixture to 75 85'C, premixing for 0.5 ⁇ 2.4 hours to obtain the wheat premix;
  • the pulverized 18 42 parts by weight of the bean raw material powder was premixed with 10 to 24 parts by weight of water, and 0.4 1.2 parts by weight of an emulsifier was added thereto, and the resulting mixture was heated to 63 83 'C, and 83 93' was added thereto.
  • the nutrients are vitamin 4, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, folic acid, niacin, vitamin B12, vitamins (:, vitamin E, vitamin K, trace elements, riboflavin, VA acetate, thiamine, One or more of strontium gluconate, calcium gluconate, and calcium lactate.
  • the resulting mixture was poured into an extruder, and subjected to extrusion heat treatment at 80 100 ° C for 0.5 to 5 minutes, and the mixture was extruded through a die hole at the exit of the extruder, and cut by a rotary cutter to obtain a particle diameter of 2 to 6 It is a particle of 7 to 19 mm.
  • the cut granules are coated with an edible oily substance, and then the granules produced in the step 3 are recovered and re-extruded.
  • the obtained granules are dried at a high temperature, the drying temperature is 60 80'C, the drying time is 30 to 210 seconds, and the water content after drying is 20 to 25%.
  • the obtained granules are subjected to multi-stage low-temperature drying, and the drying temperature is 50 60'C 40 ⁇ 50'C 30 40'C and 20 30'C, respectively, and the drying time is 30 minutes to 10 hours, and the water content after drying is sequentially 16 ⁇ 21% 14 19% 12 17% and 10 ⁇ 15%
  • the obtained granules were coated with an edible fat and oil, and the product was obtained by cooling at a constant temperature and humidity for 10 60 hours at a temperature of 15 25 'C; and a humidity of 10 15%.
  • Qualified products are ground and edible pigments are applied, and the surface is spray dyed and dried.
  • the present invention also relates to a nutritionally fortified composite cereal prepared by the above method.
  • the composite cereal comprises 18 42 parts by weight of rice raw material powder, 18 42 parts by weight of wheat raw material powder, 18 to 42 parts by weight of bean raw material powder, 18 42 parts by weight of base powder, 1.8 4.2 parts by weight of cellulose, 1.8 4.2 weight A heat stabilizer, 1.8 4.2 parts by weight of nutrients, and 1.8 4.2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent, the composite grain having a water content of 10 to 15%.
  • the nutrients are vitamin 4, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, folic acid, niacin, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K, trace elements, riboflavin, VA acetate, thiamine, gluconic acid.
  • One or more of the zinc and lactic acid faces.
  • the nutritionally fortified composite cereal of the present invention has the same or similar appearance as natural rice and has the same or similar cooking time as natural rice.
  • the addition of the emulsifier facilitates the mixing of the pulverized raw material powder, the matrix powder and water, and avoids the surface cracking of the finally obtained composite cereal granules.
  • the cellulose provides a supporting fiber skeleton for the mixture, so that the finally obtained composite grain particles contain a fiber skeleton having a certain supporting force to ensure that the hardness of the composite grain particles is close to the hardness of the natural rice. And avoiding the deformation or breakage of the composite grain due to excessive softness in the subsequent drying process, thereby reducing the scrap rate.
  • the heat stabilizer is used to protect various nutrients which are subsequently added to the mixture to prevent the above nutrients from being inactivated or destroyed due to excessive temperature during the preparation process, thereby ensuring the content of nutrients in the composite grain.
  • the nutrients can be freely selected according to specific needs and formulas.
  • the scope of the above nutrients is not limited to the nutrients listed in the claims and the specification.
  • the raw material powder, the mixture of the matrix powder and the water are gradually semi-gelatinized under heating conditions, and the crosslinking agent is added to facilitate the crosslinking reaction between the starch molecules, so that the obtained composite grain has good elasticity. , internal cohesive force, surface adhesion, so as to avoid the breakage of composite grain particles and surface cracking.
  • the addition of the crosslinking agent can reduce the heating time for promoting the semi-gelatinization, and prevent the nutrients from being inactivated or destroyed due to the long heating time.
  • the outer surface of the granules which are cut after extrusion is coated with an edible oily substance for the purpose of avoiding cracking of the composite grain surface which may be caused by the loss of water during the subsequent drying process.
  • the purpose of the temperature drying is to rapidly reduce the water content of the particles, but the drying time is shorter to avoid surface cracking of the composite grain caused by rapid loss of moisture.
  • the purpose of using the multi-stage low-temperature drying is to gradually and gently dissipate the moisture of the composite cereal grains step by step, to avoid unsatisfactory drying of the outer surface of the particles, insufficient drying of the internal water dispersion, and cracking of the outer surface of the particles. And other issues.
  • the purpose of applying an edible oil and fat substance on the outer surface of the dried particles is to further avoid particle breakage and cracking, and the long-term constant temperature and humidity treatment adopted thereafter can stabilize the water content of the composite grain at a certain level. Within the range, and gradually the substance coated on the outer surface of the composite grain forms a protective film. The stability of the composite grain treated by constant temperature and humidity is good.
  • the color-selected composite grain particles are optionally further post-treated, i.e., ground and dyed, to provide a composite grain that is closer in shape to natural rice.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the overall preparation process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the specific flow of the dust removing and pulverizing step of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the specific flow of the material mixing step of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the specific flow of the extrusion molding step of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the specific flow of the drying and cooling step of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the specific flow of the inspection and packaging step of the present invention. detailed description
  • Process 1 Pre-screening two or more of millet, glutinous rice, yellow rice and rhubarb rice, sieving impurities, and then dusting the above-mentioned rice raw materials by electrostatic dust removal and high-pressure dust removal method, followed by multi-stage pulverization , to obtain 60 ⁇ 160 mesh rice raw material powder.
  • the inspection sieve is used to recover the unqualified particles and re-multi-level pulverization.
  • the experimental data of the material composition, the weight ratio range and the preferred weight ratio of the rice raw materials are as follows:
  • Millet 0 ⁇ 80% 50% 50% 33% 33% 34% glutinous rice 0 ⁇ 80% 50% 50% 34% 33% 33% yellow rice 0 ⁇ 80% 50% 50% 33% 34% 33% rhubarb rice 0 ⁇ 80% 50% 50% 33% 33 % 34%
  • Process 2 Pre-screening two or more kinds of black rice, glutinous rice, glutinous rice, and glutinous rice, sieving impurities, and then dusting the above-mentioned matrix material and then performing multi-stage pulverization to obtain a matrix powder of 60 to 160 mesh.
  • the inspection sieve is used to recover the unqualified particles and carry out multi-pole pulverization.
  • the emulsifier is one or more of fatty acid monoglyceride, sucrose ester, sorbitol fat, soybean phospholipid, lauric acid monoglyceride, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 60% 0 40 % 0 35% 0-40% , 0 ⁇ 60% 0 35%
  • Process 4 mixing the premix and adding 18 ⁇ 42 parts by weight of the matrix powder, 8 22 parts by weight of water, mixing under the heating condition of 60 ⁇ 80'C, adding 80 ⁇ 90'C high temperature steam and 60 ⁇ 70' C low temperature steam to adjust the mixing temperature to 70 ⁇ 80'C. Subsequently, L8 4.2 parts by weight of cellulose, 1.8 4.2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 1.8 4.2 parts by weight of nutrients, and 1.8 4.2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are sequentially added to the mixture being mixed, and mixed at a mixing temperature of 70 80 ° C. After 6 hours, a mixture was obtained.
  • the heat stabilizer is one or more of sulfite, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride (salt brine), disodium edetate, glucono- ⁇ -lactone, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 60. % 0 60% 0 60% 0-60% > 0 60%
  • the nutrients are vitamin 4, vitamin B1, vitamin ⁇ 2, vitamin ⁇ 6, folic acid, niacin, vitamin ⁇ 12, vitamins (:, vitamin ⁇ , vitamin ⁇ , riboflavin, VA acetate, thiamine, zinc gluconate
  • vitamins :, vitamin ⁇ , vitamin ⁇ , riboflavin, VA acetate, thiamine, zinc gluconate
  • the crosslinking agent is one or more of glyceraldehyde, glutaraldehyde, volatile acid, ammonia water, protein, gel, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 70% 0 ⁇ 70%, 0-30%, 0 30% 0 30% 0 30%
  • the mixture is injected into an extruder, and subjected to extrusion heat treatment at 80 100 'C for 0.5 5 minutes.
  • the mixture B is extruded through a die hole at the exit of the extruder, and is cut by a rotary cutter to obtain a particle diameter of 2 6 . It is 7 ⁇ 19mm extruded particles.
  • Process 6 Apply an edible oil and fat substance to the outer surface of the granule after extrusion to obtain the coated granules, recover the granules and re-extrude the granules.
  • the edible fat and oil substance is one or more of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and derivatives thereof, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 90% 0 90%.
  • Process 7 The coated particles are dried at a high temperature, the drying temperature is 60 80'C, and the drying time is 30 210 seconds, so that the water content of the particles after drying is 20 25%.
  • Process 8 The high temperature dried granules are subjected to multi-stage low temperature drying:
  • Process 9 coating a layer of edible fat on the outer surface of the multi-stage low temperature dried particles
  • the substance is cooled at a constant temperature and humidity for 10 to 60 hours in an environment of a temperature of 15 to 25 ° C and a humidity of 10 15 % to obtain primary product particles.
  • the edible fat and oil substance is one or more of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and derivatives thereof, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 90% 0-90%; 0 90%
  • the primary product particles are subjected to color selection inspection by using a color sorter to obtain product particles, and the defective products are recovered and re-pulverized.
  • Process 11 The product particles are sprayed, and a layer of edible pigment is sprayed on the surface for dyeing, and then naturally convectively dried on a conveyor belt to obtain a composite cereal and packaged.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite grain obtained by the above preparation process comprises 18 to 42 parts by weight of the rice raw material powder, 18 to 42 parts by weight of the wheat raw material powder, 18 to 42 parts by weight of the bean raw material powder, and 18 to 42 parts by weight of the base powder. 2 ⁇ The weight of the polymer, 1. 8 ⁇ 4. 2 parts by weight of the nutrient and 1. 8 ⁇ 4. 2 parts by weight of the cross-linking agent
  • the composite cereal has a water content of 10 to 15%.
  • the heat stabilizer is one or more of sulfite, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride (salt brine), disodium edetate, glucono- ⁇ -lactone, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 ⁇ 50%, 0 to 50%, 0-50% ⁇ 0 to 50%, 0 to 50%.
  • the nutrients are vitamin & vitamin B1, vitamin ⁇ 2, vitamin ⁇ 6, folic acid, niacin, vitamin ⁇ 12, vitamins (:, vitamin strontium, vitamin strontium, trace elements, riboflavin, VA acetate, thiamine, One or more of zinc gluconate, calcium gluconate and calcium lactate, the weight ratio of which is 0 to 50%, 0 to 30%, 0 to 30%, 0-30%, 0 to 20%, 0- 20%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 50%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ 10%, 0 ⁇ 10 > 0 ⁇ 20 %.
  • the crosslinking agent is one or more of glyceraldehyde, glutaraldehyde, volatile acid, ammonia water, protein, gel, and the weight ratio thereof is 0 to 50%, 0 to 50%, 0 to 30. %, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 30%, 0 ⁇ 30%.
  • Embodiment 2 :
  • the nutritionally fortified composite grain was prepared with the following technical parameters:
  • a premix of rice was obtained by premixing 20 parts by weight of a 60-mesh raw material powder, 11 parts by weight of water, and 0.5 part by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 65 ° C for 1.0 hour.
  • a wheat premix was obtained by premixing 20 parts by weight of 60 mesh wheat raw material powder, 13 parts by weight of water, and 0.5 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 75 ° C for 1.0 hour.
  • a premix of beans was obtained by premixing 20 parts by weight of a 60-mesh bean raw material powder, 12 parts by weight of water, and 0.5 part by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 73 ° C for 1.0 hour.
  • the experimental data of the composition of the emulsifier and its weight ratio range and preferred weight ratio are as follows:
  • Process 4 20 parts by weight of 60 mesh base powder, 10 parts by weight of water, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of nutrients, and 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent at a mixing temperature of 70' are used. (:, mixing was carried out under a mixing time of 6 hours to obtain a mixture.
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 80' (:, the time is 5 minutes).
  • the constant temperature and humidity cooling temperature used in the process 9 is 25'C, the humidity is 15%, and the time is 60 hours.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 20 parts by weight of a raw material powder of rice, 20 parts by weight of a raw material powder of wheat, 20 parts by weight of a raw material powder of beans, 20 parts by weight of a base powder, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 2
  • the composite cereal has a water content of 15% by weight by weight of a heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of nutrients, and 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent.
  • Embodiment 3 The composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above. Embodiment 3:
  • the nutritionally fortified composite cereal was prepared with the following technical parameters:
  • a premix of rice was obtained by premixing 20 parts by weight of a 70-mesh raw material powder, 11 parts by weight of water, and 0.8 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 66 ° C for 0.8 hours.
  • the wheat premix was obtained by premixing 20 parts by weight of a 70 mesh wheat raw material powder, 13 parts by weight of water, and 0.8 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 76 ° C for 0.8 hours.
  • a premix of beans was obtained by premixing 20 parts by weight of a 70-mesh bean raw material powder, 12 parts by weight of water, and 0.8 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 74 ° C for 0.8 hours.
  • Process 4 30 parts by weight of 70 mesh base powder, 10 parts by weight of water, 3 parts by weight of cellulose, 3 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 3 parts by weight of nutrients, and 3 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are used at a mixing temperature of 71. 'C, mixing under a condition of 6 hours to obtain a mixture.
  • Vitamin B2 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% Vitamin B6 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% Folic acid 0 ⁇ 30% 10 % 10% 10% 10% 10% 5 % 5% 10% 10% Niacin 0-30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5 % 10% 10% Vitamin B12 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 5% 5 % 10% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin C 0-50% 15% 15% 15% 15 % 15% 15% 15 % 15 % Vitamin E 0 ⁇ 30% 15 % 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15 % 15 % Vitamin K 0 ⁇ 30% Recommended 5% 5% 10% Recommended 10% 10% 10% Riboflavin 0 ⁇ 10% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 80' (:, the time is 5 minutes).
  • the constant temperature and humidity cooling temperature used in the process 9 is 24'C, the humidity is 14.5%, and the time is 55 hours.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 20 parts by weight of a raw material powder of rice, 20 parts by weight of a raw material powder of wheat, 20 parts by weight of a raw material powder of beans, 30 parts by weight of a base powder, 3 parts by weight of cellulose, 3 Parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 3 parts by weight of nutrients and 3 parts by weight 5% ⁇
  • the water content of the composite cereal was 14.5%.
  • Embodiment 4 The composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above. Embodiment 4:
  • the nutritionally fortified composite grain was prepared with the following technical parameters:
  • the rice premix was obtained by premixing 20 parts by weight of 80 mesh raw material powder, 11 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 67 ° C for 0.6 hours.
  • the wheat premix was obtained by premixing 20 parts by weight of 80 mesh wheat raw material powder, 13 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 77 ° C for 0.6 hours.
  • a premix of beans was obtained by premixing 20 parts by weight of 80-mesh bean raw material powder, 12 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 75 ° C for 0.6 hours.
  • Process 4 40 parts by weight of 80 mesh base powder, 10 parts by weight of water, 4 parts by weight of cellulose, 4 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 4 parts by weight of nutrients, and 4 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are used at a mixing temperature of 72. ' (:, mixing time to obtain a mixture under a condition of 5 hours.
  • Vitamin c 0-50% 10% 10% 10% 10% Brain brain 10% Vitamin E 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin ⁇ 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% riboflavin 0 ⁇ recommended 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5%
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 85 ° C and the time is 4 minutes.
  • the constant temperature and humidity cooling temperature used in the process 9 is 23'C, the humidity is 14%, and the time is 50 hours.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 20 parts by weight of a raw material powder of rice, 20 parts by weight of a raw material powder of wheat, 20 parts by weight of a raw material powder of beans, 40 parts by weight of a base powder, 4 parts by weight of cellulose, 4
  • the moisture content of the composite cereal was 14% by weight by weight of the heat stabilizer, 4 parts by weight of the nutrient, and 4 parts by weight of the crosslinking agent.
  • Embodiment 5 The composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above. Embodiment 5:
  • the nutritionally fortified composite grain was prepared with the following technical parameters:
  • the rice premix is obtained by premixing with a mixture of 30 parts by weight of a 90-mesh raw material powder, 16 parts by weight of water, and 0.5 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 68 ° C for 1.6 hours.
  • a wheat premix was obtained by premixing 30 parts by weight of a 90 mesh wheat raw material powder, 18 parts by weight of water, and 0.5 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 78 ° C for 1.6 hours.
  • a premix of beans was obtained by premixing 30 parts by weight of a 90-mesh bean raw material powder, 17 parts by weight of water, and 0.5 part by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 76 ° C for 1.6 hours.
  • Process 4 20 parts by weight of 90 mesh base powder, 15 parts by weight of water, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of nutrients, and 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are used at a mixing temperature of 73. The mixture was mixed under the conditions of 'C, mixing time of 5 hours.
  • Vitamin A 0 ⁇ 50% 10% 10% 10% 10% Recommended 10% 10% Vitamin B1 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% Vitamin B2 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin B6 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Folic acid 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10 % 10% 10% Niacin 0-30% Recommended 10% 10% 10% 5% 5 % 10% 10% Vitamin B12 0 ⁇ 30% 10% Recommended 10% 10% 10% 5% b% 10% Vitamin C 0 ⁇ 50% Recommended 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin E 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Vitamin K 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5 %
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 85' (:, the time is 4 minutes).
  • the constant temperature and humidity cooling temperature used in the process 9 is 22'C, the humidity is 13.5%, and the time is 45 hours.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 30 parts by weight of the rice raw material powder, 30 parts by weight of the wheat raw material powder, 30 parts by weight of the bean raw material powder, 20 parts by weight of the base powder, 2 parts by weight of the cellulose, 2
  • the moisture content of the composite cereal was 13.5% by weight by weight of the heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of the nutrient, and 2 parts by weight of the crosslinking agent.
  • the nutritionally fortified composite cereal was prepared with the following technical parameters:
  • a rice premix was obtained by premixing 30 parts by weight of 100 mesh raw material powder, 16 parts by weight of water, and 0.8 part by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 69 ° C for 1 hour.
  • Process 4 30 parts by weight of 100 mesh base powder, 15 parts by weight of water, 3 parts by weight of cellulose, 3 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 3 parts by weight of nutrients, and 3 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are used at a mixing temperature of 74. ' (:, mixing time to obtain a mixture under a condition of 4 hours.
  • Glutaraldehyde 0 ⁇ 70% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58% Volatile acid 0 ⁇ 30% 28% 24% 20% 16% 12% Ammonia 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Protein 0-30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Gel 0-30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Brain
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 90' (:, the time is 3 minutes.
  • the constant temperature and humidity cooling temperature used in the process 9 is 2 l 'C, the humidity is 13%, and the time is 40 hours.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 30 parts by weight of the rice raw material powder, 30 parts by weight of the wheat raw material powder, 30 parts by weight of the bean raw material powder, 30 parts by weight of the base powder, 3 parts by weight of the cellulose, 3
  • the moisture content of the composite cereal was 13% by weight by weight of the heat stabilizer, 3 parts by weight of the nutrient, and 3 parts by weight of the crosslinking agent.
  • the nutritionally fortified composite cereal was prepared with the following technical parameters:
  • a rice premix was obtained by premixing 30 parts by weight of 110 mesh raw material powder, 16 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 70 ° C for 1. 2 hours.
  • a wheat premix was obtained by premixing 30 parts by weight of 110 mesh wheat raw material powder, 18 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 80 ° C for 1. 2 hours.
  • Process 4 40 parts by weight of 110 mesh base powder, 15 parts by weight of water, 4 parts by weight of cellulose, 4 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 4 parts by weight of nutrients, and 4 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are used at a mixing temperature of 75. 'C, mixing under a condition of 4 hours to obtain a mixture.
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 90 and the time is 3 minutes.
  • the constant temperature and humidity cooling temperature used in the process 9 is 20'C, the humidity is 12.5%, and the time is 35 hours.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 30 parts by weight of the rice raw material powder, 30 parts by weight of the wheat raw material powder, 30 parts by weight of the bean raw material powder, 40 parts by weight of the base powder, 4 parts by weight of the cellulose, 4 5% ⁇
  • the moisture content of the composite cereal having a moisture content of 12.5%.
  • Process 4 20 parts by weight of 120 mesh base powder, 20 parts by weight of water, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 2 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, and 2 parts by weight of the camp are used.
  • the nutrient and 2 parts by weight of the crosslinking agent were mixed at a mixing temperature of 76' (:, mixing time of 3 hours to obtain a mixture.
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 95 ° C and the time is 2 minutes.
  • the constant temperature and humidity cooling temperature used in the process 9 is 19'C, the humidity is 12%, and the time is 30 hours.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 40 parts by weight of a raw material powder of rice, 40 parts by weight of a raw material powder of wheat, 40 parts by weight of a raw material powder of beans, 20 parts by weight of a base powder, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 2
  • the moisture content of the composite cereal was 12% by weight by weight of the heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of the nutrient, and 2 parts by weight of the crosslinking agent.
  • Example 9 Using the preparation procedures 1 to 11 as described in Example 1, nutritionally fortified composite cereals were prepared using the following technical parameters:
  • a rice premix was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of a 130 mesh raw material powder, 21 parts by weight of water, and 0.8 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 72 ° C for 2.0 hours.
  • a wheat premix was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of 130 mesh wheat raw material powder, 23 parts by weight of water, and 0.8 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 82 ° C for 2.0 hours.
  • a premix of beans was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of a 130-mesh bean raw material powder, 22 parts by weight of water, and 0.8 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 80 ° C for 2.0 hours.
  • Process 4 30 parts by weight of 130 mesh base powder, 20 parts by weight of water, 3 parts by weight of cellulose, 3 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 3 parts by weight of nutrients, and 3 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are used at a mixing temperature of 77. ' (:, mixing time to obtain a mixture under conditions of 3 hours.
  • the experimental data of the material composition of the heat stabilizer and its weight ratio range and preferred weight ratio are as follows: Calcium chloride 0 ⁇ 60% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Magnesium chloride (salt brine) 0 ⁇ 60% 58% 54% 50% 46% 42%
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 95 ° C and the time is 2 minutes.
  • the constant temperature and humidity cooling temperature used in the process 9 is 18, the humidity is 11.5%, and the time is 25 hours.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 40 parts by weight of the rice raw material powder, 40 parts by weight of the wheat raw material powder, 40 parts by weight of the bean raw material powder, 30 parts by weight of the base powder, 3 parts by weight of the cellulose, 3 5% ⁇
  • the moisture content of the composite cereal having a moisture content of 11.5%.
  • the nutritionally fortified composite grain was prepared with the following technical parameters:
  • a premix of rice was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of 140 mesh type raw material powder, 21 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 73 ° C for 1.8 hours.
  • a wheat premix was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of 140 mesh wheat raw material powder, 23 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 83 ° C for 1.8 hours.
  • Process 4 40 parts by weight of 140 mesh base powder, 20 parts by weight of water, 4 parts by weight of cellulose, 4 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 4 parts by weight of nutrients, and 4 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are used at a mixing temperature of 78. 'C, mixing was carried out for 2 hours to obtain a mixture.
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 100'C and the time is 1 minute.
  • the constant temperature and humidity cooling temperature used in the process 9 is 17'C, the humidity is 11%, and the time is 20 hours.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 40 parts by weight of a raw material powder of rice, 40 parts by weight of a raw material powder of wheat, 40 parts by weight of a raw material powder of beans, 40 parts by weight of a base powder, 4 parts by weight of cellulose, 4
  • the composite cereal has a water content of 11% by weight by weight of the heat stabilizer, 4 parts by weight of the nutrient, and 4 parts by weight of the crosslinking agent.
  • the nutritionally fortified composite grain was prepared with the following technical parameters:
  • a rice premix was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of 150 mesh raw material powder, 21 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 74 ° C for 2.0 hours.
  • a wheat premix was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of 150 mesh wheat raw material powder, 23 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 84 ° C for 2.0 hours.
  • a premix of beans was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of a 150-mesh bean raw material powder, 22 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 82 ° C for 2.0 hours.
  • Process 4 20 parts by weight of 150 mesh base powder, 20 parts by weight of water, 2 parts by weight of cellulose, 4 parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 4 parts by weight of nutrients, and 2 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent are used at a mixing temperature of 79. 'C, mixing was carried out for 2 hours to obtain a mixture.
  • Vitamin B2 0 ⁇ 30% . 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% Vitamin B6 0 ⁇ 30% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% Folic acid 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% Cerebral niacin 0-30% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% Vitamin B12 0-30% 10% 10% 10% 5 % 5% 5% 10% Vitamin C 0 ⁇ 50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% Vitamin E 0-30% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% Vitamin K 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% Riboflavin 0 ⁇ 10% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 100'C and the time is 1 minute.
  • the temperature of constant temperature and humidity cooling used in Process 9 is 16' (:, humidity is 10.5%, time is 15 hours).
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 40 parts by weight of the rice raw material powder, 40 parts by weight of the wheat raw material powder, 40 parts by weight of the bean raw material powder, 20 parts by weight of the base powder, 2 parts by weight of the cellulose, 4 Parts by weight of heat stabilizer, 4 parts by weight of nutrients and 2 parts by weight 5% ⁇
  • the water content of the composite grain was 10.5%.
  • Example 12 The composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
  • Example 12 The composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
  • Example 12 The composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
  • the rice premix was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of 160 mesh raw material powder, 21 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 75 ° C for 2.0 hours.
  • a wheat premix was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of 160 mesh wheat raw material powder, 23 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 85 ° C for 2.0 hours.
  • a premix of beans was obtained by premixing 40 parts by weight of 160-mesh bean raw material powder, 22 parts by weight of water, and 1.1 parts by weight of an emulsifier at a mixing temperature of 83 ° C for 2.0 hours.
  • Vitamin c 0 ⁇ 50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% Vitamin E 0 ⁇ 30% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% Vitamin K 0 ⁇ 30% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% Riboflavin 0-10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% ⁇ % 1%
  • the extrusion heat treatment temperature is 100'C and the time is 1 minute.
  • the constant temperature and humidity cooling temperature used in the process 9 is 15'C, the humidity is 10%, and the time is 10 hours.
  • the nutrient-fortified composite cereal obtained by the above preparation process comprises 40 parts by weight of rice raw material powder, 40 parts by weight of wheat raw material powder, 40 parts by weight of bean raw material powder, 20 parts by weight of base powder, 4 parts by weight of cellulose, 2
  • the composite cereal has a water content of 10% by weight by weight of the heat stabilizer, 2 parts by weight of the nutrient, and 4 parts by weight of the crosslinking agent.
  • the composition of the cellulose, heat stabilizer, nutrient and crosslinking agent is as described above.
  • Various additives are employed in the present invention, and their effects are as follows - the addition of the emulsifier facilitates the mixing of the pulverized raw material powder, the matrix powder and water, and avoids cracking of the surface of the finally obtained composite cereal granule.
  • the cellulose provides a supporting fiber skeleton for the mixture, so that the finally obtained composite grain particles have a certain content
  • the supporting fiber skeleton is to ensure that the hardness of the composite grain particles is similar to that of the natural rice, and the composite grain is prevented from being deformed or broken in the subsequent drying process due to being too soft, thereby reducing the scrap rate.
  • the heat stabilizer is used to protect various nutrients which are subsequently added to the mixture to prevent the above nutrients from being inactivated or destroyed due to excessive temperature during the preparation process, thereby ensuring the content of nutrients in the composite grain.
  • the nutrients can be freely selected according to specific needs and formulas.
  • the scope of the above nutrients is not limited to the nutrients listed in the claims and the specification.
  • the raw material powder, the mixture of the matrix powder and the water are gradually semi-gelatinized under heating conditions, and the crosslinking agent is added to facilitate the crosslinking reaction between the starch molecules, so that the obtained composite grain has good elasticity. , internal cohesive force, surface adhesion, so as to avoid the breakage of composite grain particles and surface cracking.
  • the addition of the crosslinking agent can reduce the heating time for promoting the semi-gelatinization, and prevent the nutrients from being inactivated or destroyed due to the long heating time.
  • the outer surface of the granules which are cut after extrusion is coated with an edible oily substance for the purpose of avoiding cracking of the composite grain surface which may be caused by the loss of water during the subsequent drying process.
  • the purpose of the high temperature drying is to rapidly reduce the water content of the particles, but the drying time is shorter to avoid surface cracking of the composite grain caused by rapid loss of moisture.
  • the purpose of using the multi-stage low-temperature drying is to gradually and gently dissipate the moisture of the composite cereal grains step by step, to avoid unsatisfactory drying of the outer surface of the particles, insufficient drying of the internal water dispersion, and cracking of the outer surface of the particles. And other issues.
  • the purpose of applying an edible oil and fat substance on the outer surface of the dried particles is to further avoid particle breakage and cracking, and the long-term constant temperature and humidity treatment adopted thereafter can stabilize the water content of the composite grain at a certain level. Within the range, and gradually the substance coated on the outer surface of the composite grain forms a protective film. The stability of the composite grain treated by constant temperature and humidity is good.
  • the color-selected composite grain particles are optionally further post-treated, i.e., ground and dyed, to provide a composite grain that is closer in shape to natural rice.
  • the technical advantage of the present invention is that the prepared nutrient-enhanced composite grain not only has a shape similar to or similar to that of natural rice, but also has a cooking time and hardness similar to or similar to that of natural rice, and is not easily broken, and
  • the preparation method of the invention has simple process flow and high yield.

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Description

复合谷物及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合谷物及其制备方法, 特别涉及一种营养强化的复合谷物及其制备方法, 属于食品加工领域。 背景技术
占世界人口 2/3以上的亚洲、 中东以及拉丁美洲的居民以谷物作为日常生活的主食, 满足其日常卡路里摄入和营养 素的摄入。 然而谷物中含有的维生素等营养素在经过碾磨后, 仅能保留一小部分, 而大部分的维生素等营养素随着外 壳和胚乳在碾磨过程中被一同被除去。
所以向营养素大量丧失的谷物中添加合理的维生素、 微量元素、 必需氨基酸等营养素, 综合提高谷物的食用营养 价值, 满足以谷物为主食的居民的维生素等营养素的需求, 从而预防疾病保持健康, 已成一个世界性的课题。 然而如 何通过低价、 简单且有效的方法来强化谷物中的营养素含量, 目前仍未有较好的技术方案。
世界各国对营养强化的谷物, 尤其是米的研究很多, 主要有籽粒预混合工艺、 粉末预混合工艺等较为简单的生产 方法, 后来发展的人造强化米工艺、 酸预蒸法工艺、 直接浸吸法工艺和涂膜法工艺等比较成熟的生产方法, 以及近年 来出现的膨化微孔一固化一浸吸营养剂一复膜的生产方法。
法国专利公开文本 US1530248公开了一种营养强化的人造谷粒。 该人造谷粒由粗小麦粉或面粉的面团及维生素制 备, 采用挤压机挤压面团成糊状结构, 然后切成小块, 进行干燥。 然而, 根据该方法制备的谷粒在烹煮过程中稳定性 很差, 极易碎裂, 从而使营养素丧失。 同样的问题也存在于中国专利 200510039229. 7中。
美国专利 US620762公开了一种制备富营养的人造米的方。 该方法将米粉、 营养物以及粘合剂混合, 然后蒸煮混合 物使其中的淀粉半胶凝化, 最后制粒得到米粒。 然而, 该方法的蒸煮处理的时间较长和温度较高, 会导致敏感的微量 营养物性能丧失以及米粒味道的不良。
美国专利 US5609896公开了一种采用挤出技术来制备富营养的人造米的方法。该方法通过加入特定添加剂, 如热稳 定剂、 粘合剂、 交联剂等, 来克服了米粒稳定性较差以及维生素流失的问题。 然而该方法的生产过程较为复杂、 实施 困难、 成品率低并且成本较高。
PCT国际申请 PCT/EP2004/012710公开了一种制备富营养的复原米的方法。 该方法将粉碎的米基质、 微量营养物、 乳化剂和水混合, 然后将混合物加热并挤出成型进行切割, 得到颗粒。 该方法在挤压前添加了一个预加热处理步骤, 并同样的使用了粘合剂。 然而该预加热处理过程无法对混合物进行充分均匀的加热, 并且制得的产品较软并且容易破 碎。
同样的 PCT国际申请 PCT/US96/02708、 PCT/US95/00682、 美国专利 US20070054029、 US6139898、 US5403606 , US4886675、 US3620762、 英国专利 GB1225070、 加拿大专利 CA2558700、 以及澳大利亚专利 ΑΙΠ808883中都不同程度的存 在以上所述的问题和缺陷。 发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种经过营养强化的复合谷物以及制造该复合谷物的方法, 以弥补现有技术的不足。 本发明涉及的一种营养强化的复合谷物的制备方法, 具体包括如下步骤:
以小米、 黍米、 黄米、 大黄米作为米类原材料, 以荞麦、 燕麦、 大麦、 黑麦作为麦类原材料, 以绿豆、 红豆、 黑 豆、 黄豆作为豆类原材料, 以黑米、 粳米、 籼米、 糯米作为基质材料, 分别进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然后分别对原材 料和基质材料除尘并随后粉碎。 对原材料和基质材料的除尘进一步包括静电除尘和高压除尘, 对原材料和基质材料的 粉碎采用多级粉碎。 分别采用检査筛筛选粉碎后的颗粒, 对尺寸不合格的颗粒分别回收并重新进行多级粉碎处理, 得 到米类原材料粉末、 麦类原材料粉末、 豆类原材料粉末和基质粉末。 将粉碎后的 18〜42重量份米类原材料粉末与 9〜 23重量份水预混合, 并加入 0. 4〜1. 2重量份乳化剂搅拌, 将得到的混合物加热至 55~75'C , 并向其中添加 75〜85'C 的高温水蒸气和 55〜65'C的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度至 65〜75'C , 预混合 0. 5〜2. 4小时得到米类预混合物: 将粉碎后的 18 42重量份麦类原材料粉末与 11 25重量份水预混合, 并加入 0.4-1.2重量份乳化剂搅拌, 将得 到的混合物加热至 65~85'C,并向其中添加 85 95'C的高温水蒸气和 65~75'C的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度至 75 85'C, 预混合 0.5~2.4小时得到麦类预混合物;
将粉碎后的 18 42重量份豆类原材料粉末与 10~24重量份水预混合, 并加入 0.4 1.2重量份乳化剂搅拌, 将得 到的混合物加热至 63 83'C,并向其中添加 83 93'C的高温水蒸气和 63 73'C的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度至 73 83'C, 预混合 0.5-2.4小时得到豆类预混合物;
混合所得的各个预混合物, 并加入 18~42重量份基质粉末、 8~22重量份水, 加热得到的混合物至 60 80'C, 并 向其中添加的 80 90'C高温水蒸气和 60 70'C的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度为 70 80'C。 向混合物中内添加 1.8 4.2重量份纤维素、 1.8~4.2重量份热稳定剂、 1.8 4.2重量份的营养素以及 1.8 4.2重量份交联剂, 在 70 80'C的混合温度下混合 1 6小时, 得到混合物。
所述的营养素为维生素4、 维生素 Bl、 维生素 B2、 维生素 B6、 叶酸、 烟酸、 维生素 B12、 维生素 (:、 维生素 E、 维 生素 K、 微量元素、 核黄素、 VA醋酸脂、 硫胺素、 葡萄糖酸铎、 葡萄糖酸钙、 乳酸钙中的一种或多种。
将所得的混合物注入挤压机, 在 80 100'C进行挤压热处理 0.5~5分钟, 混合物经挤压机出口处的模孔挤出, 并 被旋转切割刀切割得到粒径为 2~6 长度为 7~19mm的颗粒。 对切割后的颗粒涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质, 然后对 步骤 3中产生的碎料回收并重新挤压成型。
将所得的颗粒进行高温干燥, 干燥温度为 60 80'C, 干燥时间 30~210秒, 千燥后含水量为 20~25%
然后对所得的颗粒进行多级低温干燥, 干燥温度依次为 50 60'C 40~50'C 30 40'C以及 20 30'C, 干燥时间 皆为 30分钟至 10小时, 干燥后的含水量依次为 16~21% 14 19% 12 17%以及 10~15%
在所得的颗粒上涂敷一层可食用油脂, 在温度为 15 25'C;、湿度为 10 15%的环境下恒温恒湿冷却 10 60小时, 得到产品。
对产品进行色选检验, 回收次品并将其返回重新粉碎。
对合格的产品进行打磨并采用可食用色素, 对其表面进行喷涂染色并干燥。
本发明还涉及一种采用上述方法制备得到的营养强化的复合谷物。所述复合谷物包含 18 42重量份米类原材料粉 末、 18 42重量份麦类原材料粉末、 18~42重量份豆类原材料粉末、 18 42重量份基质粉末, 1.8 4.2重量份纤维 素、 1.8 4.2重量份热稳定剂、 1.8 4.2重量份的营养素以及 1.8 4.2重量份交联剂,所述复合谷物的含水量为 10~ 15%。 所述的营养素为维生素4、 维生素 Bl、 维生素 B2、 维生素 B6、 叶酸、 烟酸、 维生素 B12、 维生素 C、 维生素 E 维生素 K、 微量元素、 核黄素、 VA醋酸脂、 硫胺素、 葡萄糖酸锌、 乳酸麪中的一种或多种。
本发明的营养强化的复合谷物具有与天然大米相同或相近的外形, 并且具有与天然大米相同或相近的煮熟时间。 所述的乳化剂的加入便于粉碎后的原材料粉末、基质粉末与水的混合, 并避免最后制得的复合谷物颗粒表面开裂。 所述的纤维素为混合物提供了一个起到支撑作用的纤维骨架, 从而使得最后制得的复合谷物颗粒中含有具有一定 支撑力的纤维骨架, 以保证复合谷物颗粒的硬度与天然大米的硬度相近, 并避免复合谷物由于过于柔软而在其后的干 燥等流程中变形或破损, 从而减小废品率。
所述的热稳定剂用于保护其后添加至混合物中的各种营养素, 以避免上述营养素在制备过程中因温度过高而失活 或被破坏, 从而保证了复合谷物中营养素的含量。
所述的营养素可以根据具体的需要及配方, 自由选取。 上述营养素的范围并不仅限于权利要求和说明书中所列举 的营养素。
所述原材料粉末、 基质粉末和水的混合物在加热条件下逐渐半胶凝化, 加入所述的交联剂, 便于促使淀粉分子间 的交联反应, 从而使得制得的复合谷物具有良好的弹性、 内部粘结力、 表面粘结力, 从而避免复合谷物颗粒破碎、 表 面开裂。 同时交联剂的加入可以减少为了促使半胶凝化的加热时间, 避免营养素因加热时间较长而失活或被破坏。
在挤出后切割得到的颗粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质的目的在于避免该颗粒在随后的干燥过程中因水分散 失而可能带来的复合谷物表面开裂。
所述的髙温干燥的目的在于使得颗粒的含水量快速降低, 但该干燥时间较短以避免水分快速散失所导致的复合谷 物表面开裂。
采用所述的多级低温干燥的目的在于, 逐级的使复合谷物颗粒的水分缓慢温和的散失, 避免颗粒外表面水分散失 快而内部水分散失慢所带来的干燥不充分以及颗粒外表面开裂等问题。 在干燥后的颗粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质的目的在于进一步避免颗粒破损及开裂, 而其后采用的所述的 长时间恒温恒湿处理可以使得复合谷物的含水量稳定在一定范围内, 并逐渐使得复合谷物外表面涂敷的物质形成一层 保护膜。 经过恒温恒湿处理的复合谷物的稳定性较好。
可选择地对色选后地复合谷物颗粒进行进一步地后处理, 即打磨和染色, 以使得复合谷物在外形上更加接近与天 然大米。
所有制备过程中地废弃物料都能得以回收, 并相应地重新进行处理, 故该制备流程中地物料损失极低。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的整体制备流程示意图。
图 2是本发明除尘粉碎步骤的具体流程示意图。
图 3是本发明材料混合步骤的具体流程示意图。
图 4是本发明挤压成型步骤的具体流程示意图。
图 5是本发明干燥冷却步骤的具体流程示意图。
图 6是本发明检验包装步骤的具体流程示意图。 具体实施方式
根据本发明的权利要求和发明内容所公开的制备方法, 制备一种营养强化的复合谷物的技术方案具体如下所述。 实施例一- 根据图 2:
流程 1、 对小米、黍米、黄米、大黄米中的两种或多种进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然后采用静电除尘和高压除尘法对 上述米类原材料进行除尘, 随后进行多级粉碎, 得到 60~160 目的米类原材料粉末。 采用检査筛, 将尺寸不合格的颗 粒回收重新进行多极粉碎。 所述的米类原材料的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5 6 8
小米 0〜80% 50% 50% 33% 33 % 34 % 黍米 0〜80% 50% 50% 34% 33 % 33% 黄米 0〜80% 50% 50% 33 % 34% 33 % 大黄米 0〜80% 50% 50% 33% 33 % 34%
Figure imgf000005_0001
对荞麦、 燕麦、 大麦、 黑麦中的两种或多种进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然后采用静电除尘和高压除尘法对上述麦类 原材料进行除尘, 随后进行多级粉碎, 得到 60〜160 目的麦类原材料粉末。 采用检査筛, 将尺寸不合格的颗粒回收重 新进行多极粉碎。 所述的米类原材料的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
荞麦 0-80% 50% 0 0 50% 0 33 % 33% 34% 0〜80%
燕麦 50% 50% 0 0 34% 0 33 % 33 %
0〜80% 0
大麦 50% 50% 0 33% 34% 0 33% 黑麦 0〜80% 0 0 50% 50% 33% 33 % 34% 0 优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0〜80%
荞麦 10% 30% 30% 30% 40% 20% 20% 20%
0〜80% 30% 30%
燕麦 30% 10% 20% 40% 20% 20%
0〜80% 30% 20% 20%
大麦 30% 10% 30% 40% 20%
0〜80% 30% 30%
黑麦 30% 10% 20% 20% 20% 40% 对绿豆、 红豆、 黑豆、 黄豆中的两种或多种进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然后采用静电除尘和高压除尘法对上述豆类 原材料进行除尘, 随后进行多级粉碎, 得到 60~ 160 目的豆类原材料粉末。 采用检査筛, 将尺寸不合格的颗粒回收重 新进行多极粉碎。 所述的米类原材料的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000006_0001
流程 2、 对黑米、 粳米、 籼米、 糯米中的两种或多种进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然后对上述基质材料除尘并随后进行 多级粉碎, 得到 60〜 160目的基质粉末。 采用检査筛, 将尺寸不合格的颗粒回收重新进行多极粉碎。
所述的基质材料的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下- 优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
黑米 0〜80% 50% 0 0 50% 0 33% 33 % 34%
0〜80%
粳米 50% 50% 0 0 34% 0 33 % 33% 籼米 0〜80% 0 50% 50% 0 33% 34% 0 33%
0-80% 0 3 %
儒米 0 50% 50% 33 % 3 34% 0 优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
黑米 0〜80% 10% 30% 30% 30% 40% 20% 20% 20%
0〜80%
粳米 30% 10% 30% 30% 20% 40% 20% 20% 籼米 0-80% 30% 30% 10% 30% 20% 20% 40% 20% 橋米 0-80% 30% 30% 30% 腦 20% 20% 20% 40% 根据图 3:
流程 3
取 18 42重量份米类原材料粉末、 9~23重量份水、 0.4 1.2重量份乳化剂, 加热得到的混合物至 55 75'C, 并 向其中添加 75 85'C的高温水蒸气和 55 65'C的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度至 65~75'C, 预混合 0.5 2.4小 时得到米类预混合物;
取 18~42重量份麦类原材料粉末、 11 25重量份水、 0.4 1.2重量份乳化剂, 加热得到的混合物至 65~85'C , 并向其中添加 85 95'C的高温水蒸气和 65 75'C的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度至 75 85'C, 预混合 0.5 2.4 小时得到麦类预混合物;
取 18 42重量份豆类原材料粉末、 10 24重量份水、 0.4 1.2重量份乳化剂, 加热得到的混合物至 63~83'C , 并向其中添加 83 93'C的高温水蒸气和 63~73'C的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度至 73 83'C, 预混合 0.5 2.4 小时得到豆类预混合物;
所述的乳化剂是脂肪酸单甘油脂, 蔗糖酯、 山梨糖醇脂、 大豆磷脂、 月桂酸单甘油酯、 丙二醇脂肪酸酯中的一种 或多种, 其重量配比为 0 60% 0 40% 0 35% 0-40% , 0~60% 0 35%
流程 4、 将预混合物混合并加入 18~42重量份基质粉末、 8 22重量份水, 在 60~80'C加热条件下进行混合, 添 加 80~90'C的高温水蒸气和 60~70'C的低温水蒸气以调节混合温度为 70~80'C。随后向正在混合的混合物中依次添加 L8 4.2重量份纤维素、 1.8 4.2重量份热稳定剂、 1.8 4.2重量份的营养素以及 1.8 4.2重量份交联剂, 在 70 80'C混合温度下混合 1~6小时, 得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂是亚硫酸盐、 氯化钙、 氯化镁 (盐卤)、 乙二胺四乙酸二钠、 葡萄糖酸 -δ-内酯中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0 60% 0 60% 0 60% 0-60% > 0 60%
所述的营养素为维生素4、 维生素 Bl、 维生素 Β2、 维生素 Β6、 叶酸、烟酸、 维生素 Β12、 维生素 (:、 维生素 Ε、 维 生素 Κ、核黄素、 VA醋酸脂、硫胺素、葡萄糖酸锌、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0~50% 0 30%, 0-30%, 0—30% 0 30% 0 30% 0-30%, 0~50% 0 30% 0 30% 0 10% 0 10% 0 10% 0-10%, 0 10% 0〜 。
所述的交联剂是甘油醛、 戊二醛、 挥发性酸、 氨水、 蛋白质、 凝胶中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0 70% 0~ 70%, 0-30%, 0 30% 0 30% 0 30%
根据图 4:
流程 5、 将混合物注入挤压机, 在 80 100'C进行挤压热处理 0.5 5分钟, 混合物 B经挤压机出口处的模孔挤出, 并被旋转切割刀切割得到粒径为 2 6 长度为 7~19mm的挤压后颗粒。
流程 6、 在挤压后颗粒的外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质, 得到涂敷后颗粒, 将碎料回收并重新挤压成型。 所述的可食用油脂类物质是油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸及其衍生物中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0 90% 0 90%
0 90%
根据图 5:
流程 7、 将涂敷后颗粒进行高温干燥, 干燥温度为 60 80'C, 干燥时间 30 210秒, 使得干燥后颗粒的含水量为 20 25%
流程 8、 将高温干燥后的颗粒进行多级低温干燥:
8.1—级低温干燥: 干燥温度 50 60'C、 干燥时间 30分钟至 10小时, 干燥后颗粒 D的含水量为 16 21%; 8.2二级低温干燥: 干燥温度 40~50Ό、 干燥时间 30分钟至 10小时, 干燥后颗粒 D的含水量为 14 19%; 8.3三级低温干燥: 干燥温度 30~40 、 干燥时间 30分钟至 10小时, 干燥后颗粒 D的含水量为 12 17% : 8.4四级低温干燥: 干燥温度 20 30'C、 干燥时间 30分钟至 10小时, 干燥后颗粒 D的含水量为 10 15% 流程 9、 在多级低温干燥后的颗粒的外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质, 在温度为 15~25'C、 湿度为 10 15%的 环境下恒温恒湿冷却 10 60小时, 得到初级产品颗粒。
所述的可食用油脂类物质是油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸及其衍生物中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0 90% 0-90%; 0 90% 流程 10、 利用色选仪对初级产品颗粒进行色选检验, 得到产品颗粒, 将次品回收并重新粉碎。
流程 11、 打产品颗粒, 并对其表面喷涂一层可食用色素进行染色, 随后在传送带上, 自然对流干燥, 得到复合谷 物, 并进行包装。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 18〜42重量份米类原材料粉末、 18~42重量份麦类原材料粉 末、 18〜42重量份豆类原材料粉末、 18〜42重量份基质粉末, 1. 8〜4. 2重量份纤维素、 1. 8〜4. 2重量份热稳定剂、 1. 8~4. 2重量份的营养素以及 1. 8〜4. 2重量份交联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 10〜15%。
所述的热稳定剂是亚硫酸盐、 氯化钙、 氯化镁 (盐卤)、 乙二胺四乙酸二钠、 葡萄糖酸 - δ -内酯中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0〜50%、 0〜50%、 0-50% ^ 0〜50%、 0〜50%。
所述的营养素为维生素&、 维生素 Bl、 维生素 Β2、 维生素 Β6、 叶酸、 烟酸、 维生素 Β12、 维生素 (:、 维生素 Ε、 维 生素 Κ、微量元素、核黄素、 VA醋酸脂、硫胺素、葡萄糖酸锌、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0〜 50%、 0〜30%、 0—30% , 0-30% , 0〜20%、 0-20% , 0〜30%、 0〜50%、 0〜30%、 0〜30%、 0~ 10%、 0~ 10%、 0〜10%、 0〜10%、 0~10 > 0〜20%。
所述的交联剂是甘油醛、 戊二醛、 挥发性酸、 氨水、 蛋白质、 凝胶中的一种或多种, 其重量配比为 0〜50%、 0〜 50%、 0〜30%、 0〜30%、 0〜30%、 0〜30%。 实施例二:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11 , 以下述技术参数制备营养强化的复合谷物:
1、 流程 3中:
采用 20重量份的 60目米类原材料粉末、 11重量份水以及 0. 5重量份乳化剂在混合温度 65'C下预混合 1. 0小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 20重量份的 60目麦类原材料粉末、 13重量份水以及 0. 5重量份乳化剂在混合温度 75'C下预混合 1. 0小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 20重量份的 60目豆类原材料粉末、 12重量份水以及 0. 5重量份乳化剂在混合温度 73'C下预混合 1. 0小时, 得到豆类预混合物。 所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000008_0001
2、 流程 4中采用 20重量份的 60目基质粉末、 10重量份水、 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、 2重量份的营 养素以及 2重量份交联剂在混合温度 70' (:、 混合时间 6小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下-
Figure imgf000008_0002
6 所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000009_0001
所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000009_0002
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 80' (:、 时间为 5分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000009_0003
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温千燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
干燥温度 干燥时间 干燥后含水量 流程 7 高温干燥 60 °C 210秒 25%
流程 8 多级低温干燥 一级低温干燥 50'C 10小时 21 % 二级低温干燥 40 10小时 19%
三级低温干燥 30'C 10小时 17 %
四级低温千燥 20'C 10小时 15 %
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 25'C、 湿度为 15%、 时间为 60小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 20重量份米类原材料粉末、 20重量份麦类原材料粉末、 20 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 20重量份基质粉末, 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、 2重量份的营养素以及 2重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 15%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 实施例三:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备营养强化的复合谷物:
1、 流程 3中:
采用 20重量份的 70目米类原材料粉末、 11重量份水以及 0. 8重量份乳化剂在混合温度 66'C下预混合 0. 8小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 20重量份的 70目麦类原材料粉末、 13重量份水以及 0. 8重量份乳化剂在混合温度 76'C下预混合 0. 8小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 20重量份的 70目豆类原材料粉末、 12重量份水以及 0. 8重量份乳化剂在混合温度 74'C下预混合 0. 8小时, 得到豆类预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下-
Figure imgf000010_0001
2、 流程 4中采用 30重量份的 70目基质粉末、 10重量份水、 3重量份纤维素、 3重量份热稳定剂、 3重量份的营 养素以及 3重量份交联剂在混合温度为 71 'C、 混合时间 6小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000010_0002
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000010_0003
维生素 B2 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 维生素 B6 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 叶酸 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5 % 5% 10% 10% 烟酸 0-30% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5 % 10% 10% 10% 维生素 B12 0〜30% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 C 0-50% 15% 15% 15% 15 % 15% 15% 15 % 15 % 维生素 E 0〜30% 15 % 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15 % 15 % 维生素 K 0〜30% 薦 5% 5% 10% 薦 10% 10% 10% 核黄素 0〜10% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
VA醋酸脂 0〜10% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 硫胺素 0〜 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 葡萄糖酸锌 0- 10% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 葡萄糖酸钙 0〜薦 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 乳酸钙 0〜薦 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000011_0001
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 80' (:、 时间为 5分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000011_0002
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温干燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
Figure imgf000011_0003
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 24'C、 湿度为 14. 5%、 时间为 55小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 20重量份米类原材料粉末、 20重量份麦类原材料粉末、 20 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 30重量份基质粉末, 3重量份纤维素、 3重量份热稳定剂、 3重量份的营养素以及 3重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 14. 5%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 实施例四:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11 , 以下述技术参数制备营养强化的复合谷物:
1、 流程 3中:
采用 20重量份的 80目米类原材料粉末、 11重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 67'C下预混合 0. 6小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 20重量份的 80目麦类原材料粉末、 13重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 77'C下预混合 0. 6小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 20重量份的 80目豆类原材料粉末、 12重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 75'C下预混合 0. 6小时, 得到豆类预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下-
Figure imgf000012_0001
2、 流程 4中采用 40重量份的 80目基质粉末、 10重量份水、 4重量份纤维素、 4重量份热稳定剂、 4重量份的营 养素以及 4重量份交联剂在混合温度为 72' (:、 混合时间 5小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000012_0002
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000012_0003
维生素 c 0-50% 10% 10% 10% 10% 腦 腦 10% 维生素 E 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 κ 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 核黄素 0〜薦 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5 % 5%
VA醋酸脂 0〜腦 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 硫胺素 0-10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 葡萄糖酸锌 0- 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 葡萄糖酸钙 0〜: 10% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 乳酸钙 0〜: 10% 5% 5% 5% 5 % 5% 5% 5 % 所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000013_0001
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 85'C、 时间为 4分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000013_0002
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温干燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
Figure imgf000013_0003
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 23'C、 湿度为 14%、 时间为 50小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 20重量份米类原材料粉末、 20重量份麦类原材料粉末、 20 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 40重量份基质粉末, 4重量份纤维素、 4重量份热稳定剂、 4重量份的营养素以及 4重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 14%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 实施例五:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11 , 以下述技术参数制备营养强化的复合谷物:
1、 流程 3中: 采用 30重量份的 90目米类原材料粉末、 16重量份水以及 0. 5重量份乳化剂在混合温度 68'C下预混合 1. 6小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 30重量份的 90目麦类原材料粉末、 18重量份水以及 0. 5重量份乳化剂在混合温度 78'C下预混合 1. 6小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 30重量份的 90目豆类原材料粉末、 17重量份水以及 0. 5重量份乳化剂在混合温度 76'C下预混合 1. 6小时, 得到豆类预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000014_0001
2、 流程 4中采用 20重量份的 90目基质粉末、 15重量份水、 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、 2重量份的营 养素以及 2重量份交联剂在混合温度为 73'C、 混合时间 5小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000014_0002
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 维生素 A 0〜50% 10% 10% 10% 10% 薦 10% 10% 维生素 B1 0〜30% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 维生素 B2 0〜30% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 B6 0〜30% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 叶酸 0〜30% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 烟酸 0-30% 薦 10% 10% 5% 5 % 10% 10% 维生素 B12 0〜30% 10% 薦 10% 10% 5% b% 10% 维生素 C 0〜50% 薦 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 E 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 维生素 K 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5 % 核黄素 0-10% 3 % 3 % 3 % 3 % 3 % 3% 3 %
VA醋酸脂 0-10% 1 % \ % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 1 % 硫胺素 0-10% \% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 葡萄糖酸锌 0〜10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 葡萄糖酸钙 0〜 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 乳酸钙 0〜10% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000015_0001
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 85' (:、 时间为 4分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000015_0002
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温干燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
Figure imgf000015_0003
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 22'C、 湿度为 13.5%, 时间为 45小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 30重量份米类原材料粉末、 30重量份麦类原材料粉末、 30 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 20重量份基质粉末, 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、 2重量份的营养素以及 2重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 13.5%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 实施例六:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备营养强化的复合谷物:
1、 流程 3中:
采用 30重量份的 100目米类原材料粉末、 16重量份水以及 0.8重量份乳化剂在混合温度 69'C下预混合 1. 小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 30重量份的 100目麦类原材料粉末、 18重量份水以及 0.8重量份乳化剂在混合温度 79'C下预混合 1.4小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 30重量份的 100目豆类原材料粉末、 17重量份水以及 0.8重量份乳化剂在混合温度 77'C下预混合 1.4小时, 得到豆类预混合物。 所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000016_0001
2、 流程 4中采用 30重量份的 100目基质粉末、 15重量份水、 3重量份纤维素、 3重量份热稳定剂、 3重量份的营 养素以及 3重量份交联剂在混合温度为 74' (:、 混合时间 4小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000016_0002
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000016_0003
所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下: 优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5
甘油醛 0〜70% 0 0 0 0 0
戊二醛 0〜70% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58% 挥发性酸 0〜30% 28% 24% 20% 16% 12% 氨水 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 蛋白质 0-30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10% 凝胶 0-30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 腦
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 90' (:、 时间为 3分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000017_0001
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温干燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
Figure imgf000017_0002
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 2 l 'C、 湿度为 13 %、 时间为 40小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 30重量份米类原材料粉末、 30重量份麦类原材料粉末、 30 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 30重量份基质粉末, 3重量份纤维素、 3重量份热稳定剂、 3重量份的营养素以及 3重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 13%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 实施例七:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术参数制备营养强化的复合谷物:
1、 流程 3中:
采用 30重量份的 110目米类原材料粉末、 16重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 70'C下预混合 1. 2小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 30重量份的 110目麦类原材料粉末、 18重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 80'C下预混合 1. 2小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 30重量份的 110目豆类原材料粉末、 17重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 78'C下预混合 1. 2小时, 得到豆类预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000017_0003
山梨糖醇脂 0〜35% 11 % 12% 13% 14% 15 %
大豆磷脂 0〜40% 11 % 12% 13% 14% 15 % 月桂酸单甘油酯 0-60% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 丙二醇脂肪酸酯 0〜35 % 11 % 12% 13% 14% 15%
2、 流程 4中采用 40重量份的 110目基质粉末、 15重量份水、 4重量份纤维素、 4重量份热稳定剂、 4重量份的营 养素以及 4重量份交联剂在混合温度为 75'C、 混合时间 4小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000018_0001
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000018_0002
所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5
甘油醛 0〜70% 0 0 0 0 0 戊二醛 0〜70% 42% 46% 50% 54 % 58% 挥发性酸 0-30% 腦 10% 10% 10% 10% 氨水 0〜30% 28% 24% 20% 16% 12%
蛋白质 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 薦
凝胶 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 10%
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 90 、 时间为 3分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000019_0001
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温干燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
Figure imgf000019_0002
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 20'C、 湿度为 12. 5%、 时间为 35小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 30重量份米类原材料粉末、 30重量份麦类原材料粉末、 30 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 40重量份基质粉末, 4重量份纤维素、 4重量份热稳定剂、 4重量份的营养素以及 4重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 12. 5%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 实施例八:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11 , 以下述技术参数制备营养强化的复合谷物- 1、 流程 3中:
采用 40重量份的 120目米类原材料粉末、 21重量份水以及 0. 5重量份乳化剂在混合温度 71'C下预混合 2. 2小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 40重量份的 120目麦类原材料粉末、 23重量份水以及 0. 5重量份乳化剂在混合温度 81 'C下预混合 2. 2小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 40重量份的 120目豆类原材料粉末、 22重量份水以及 0. 5重量份乳化剂在混合温度 79'C下预混合 2. 2小时, 得到豆类预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000019_0003
2、 流程 4中采用 20重量份的 120目基质粉末、 20重量份水、 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、 2重量份的营 养素以及 2重量份交联剂在混合温度为 76' (:、 混合时间 3小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000020_0001
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000020_0002
所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000020_0003
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 95'C、 时间为 2分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下: 优选重量配比
重量配比
1 2 3 4 5
油酸及其衍生物 0-90% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58% 亚油酸及其衍生物 0〜90% 58% 54% 50% 46% 42% 亚麻酸及其衍生物 0〜90% 0 0 0 0 0
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温干燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
Figure imgf000021_0001
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 19'C、 湿度为 12%、 时间为 30小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 40重量份米类原材料粉末、 40重量份麦类原材料粉末、 40 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 20重量份基质粉末, 2重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、 2重量份的营养素以及 2重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 12%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 实施例九- 采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11 , 以下述技术参数制备营养强化的复合谷物:
1、 流程 3中:
采用 40重量份的 130目米类原材料粉末、 21重量份水以及 0. 8重量份乳化剂在混合温度 72'C下预混合 2. 0小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 40重量份的 130目麦类原材料粉末、 23重量份水以及 0. 8重量份乳化剂在混合温度 82'C下预混合 2. 0小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 40重量份的 130目豆类原材料粉末、 22重量份水以及 0. 8重量份乳化剂在混合温度 80'C下预混合 2. 0小时, 得到豆类预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000021_0002
2、 流程 4中采用 30重量份的 130目基质粉末、 20重量份水、 3重量份纤维素、 3重量份热稳定剂、 3重量份的营 养素以及 3重量份交联剂在混合温度为 77' (:、 混合时间 3小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000021_0003
氯化钙 0〜60% 0 0 0 0 0 氯化镁 (盐卤) 0〜60% 58% 54% 50% 46% 42%
乙二胺四乙酸二钠 0〜60% 42% 46% 50% 54% 58%
葡萄糖酸 - δ -内酯 0〜60% 0 0 0 0 0
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000022_0001
所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000022_0002
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 95'C、 时间为 2分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中釆用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000022_0003
亚麻酸及其衍生物 0-90% 58% 54% 50% 46% 42%
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温干燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
Figure imgf000023_0001
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 18 、 湿度为 11. 5%、 时间为 25小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 40重量份米类原材料粉末、 40重量份麦类原材料粉末、 40 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 30重量份基质粉末, 3重量份纤维素、 3重量份热稳定剂、 3重量份的营养素以及 3重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 11. 5%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 实施例十:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11 , 以下述技术参数制备营养强化的复合谷物:
1、 流程 3中:
采用 40重量份的 140目米类原材料粉末、 21重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 73'C下预混合 1. 8小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 40重量份的 140目麦类原材料粉末、 23重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 83'C下预混合 1. 8小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 40重量份的 140目豆类原材料粉末、 22重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 81 'C下预混合 1. 8小时, 得到豆类预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000023_0002
2、 流程 4中采用 40重量份的 140目基质粉末、 20重量份水、 4重量份纤维素、 4重量份热稳定剂、 4重量份的营 养素以及 4重量份交联剂在混合温度为 78'C、 混合时间 2小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000023_0003
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000024_0001
所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000024_0002
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 100'C、 时间为 1分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000024_0003
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温干燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
Figure imgf000024_0004
二级低温干燥 48 "C 2小时 15%
三级低温干燥 38 'C 2小时 13%
四级低温干燥 28 "C 2小时 11 %
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 17'C、 湿度为 11 %、 时间为 20小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 40重量份米类原材料粉末、 40 重量份麦类原材料粉末、 40 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 40重量份基质粉末, 4重量份纤维素、 4重量份热稳定剂、 4重量份的营养素以及 4重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 11 %。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 实施例十一:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11 , 以下述技术参数制备营养强化的复合谷物:
1、 流程 3中:
采用 40重量份的 150目米类原材料粉末、 21重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 74'C下预混合 2. 0小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 40重量份的 150目麦类原材料粉末、 23重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 84 'C下预混合 2. 0小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 40重量份的 150目豆类原材料粉末、 22重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 82'C下预混合 2. 0小时, 得到豆类预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000025_0001
2、 流程 4中采用 20重量份的 150目基质粉末、 20重量份水、 2重量份纤维素、 4重量份热稳定剂、 4重量份的营 养素以及 2重量份交联剂在混合温度为 79'C、 混合时间 2小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000025_0002
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000025_0003
维生素 B2 0〜30% . 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 维生素 B6 0〜30% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 叶酸 0〜30% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 腦 烟酸 0-30% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 维生素 B12 0-30% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 10% 维生素 C 0〜50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 维生素 E 0-30% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 维生素 K 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 核黄素 0〜10% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
VA醋酸脂 0〜10% 1% 1% 1% \% 1% 1% 1% 1% 硫胺素 0〜10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 葡萄糖酸锌 0〜10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 葡萄糖酸钙 0〜10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 乳酸钙 0〜腦 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下-
Figure imgf000026_0001
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 100'C、 时间为 1分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000026_0002
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温干燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
Figure imgf000026_0003
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 16' (:、 湿度为 10.5%、 时间为 15小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 40 重量份米类原材料粉末、 40 重量份麦类原材料粉末、 40 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 20重量份基质粉末, 2重量份纤维素、 4重量份热稳定剂、 4重量份的营养素以及 2重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 10. 5%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 实施例十二:
采用如实施例一所述的制备流程 1〜11, 以下述技术夢数制备营养强化的复合谷物:
1、 流程 3中:
釆用 40重量份的 160目米类原材料粉末、 21重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 75'C下预混合 2. 0小时, 得到米类预混合物。
采用 40重量份的 160目麦类原材料粉末、 23重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 85'C下预混合 2. 0小时, 得到麦类预混合物。
采用 40重量份的 160目豆类原材料粉末、 22重量份水以及 1. 1重量份乳化剂在混合温度 83'C下预混合 2. 0小时, 得到豆类预混合物。
所述的乳化剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000027_0001
2、 流程 4中采用 20重量份的 160目基质粉末、 20重量份水、 4重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、 2重量份的营 养素以及 4重量份交联剂在混合温度为 80' ( 、 混合时间 1小时的条件下混合得到混合物。
所述的热稳定剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000027_0002
所述的营养素的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000027_0003
维生素 c 0〜50% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 维生素 E 0〜30% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 15% 维生素 K 0〜30% 10% 10% 10% 10% 5% 5% 5% 5% 核黄素 0-10% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% \% 1%
VA醋酸脂 0〜10% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 硫胺素 0—10% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 葡萄糖酸锌 0〜10% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 葡萄糖酸钙 0-10% 2% 2 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 乳酸钙 0〜10% \% 1% 1% \% 1% 1% 1% 1% 所述的交联剂的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000028_0001
3、 流程 5中采用挤压热处理温度为 100'C、 时间为 1分钟。
4、 流程 6和 9中采用的可食用油脂类物质的物质组成及其重量配比范围、 优选重量配比的实验数据如下:
Figure imgf000028_0002
5、 流程 7和 8中采用的高温干燥和多级低温干燥的参数如下:
Figure imgf000028_0003
6、 流程 9中采用的恒温恒湿冷却的温度为 15'C、 湿度为 10%、 时间为 10小时。
经过上述制备流程得到的营养强化的复合谷物, 包含 40重量份米类原材料粉末、 40重量份麦类原材料粉末、 40 重量份豆类原材料粉末、 20重量份基质粉末, 4重量份纤维素、 2重量份热稳定剂、 2重量份的营养素以及 4重量份交 联剂, 所述复合谷物的含水量为 10%。
所述的纤维素、 热稳定剂、 营养素及交联剂的组成如上所述。 本发明中采用了多种添加剂, 其作用如下- 所述的乳化剂的加入便于粉碎后的原材料粉末、基质粉末与水的混合, 并避免最后制得的复合谷物颗粒表面开裂。 所述的纤维素为混合物提供了一个起到支撑作用的纤维骨架, 从而使得最后制得的复合谷物颗粒中含有具有一定 支撑力的纤维骨架, 以保证复合谷物颗粒的硬度与天然大米的硬度相近, 并避免复合谷物由于过于柔软而在其后的干 燥等流程中变形或破损, 从而减小废品率。
所述的热稳定剂用于保护其后添加至混合物中的各种营养素, 以避免上述营养素在制备过程中因温度过高而失活 或被破坏, 从而保证了复合谷物中营养素的含量。
所述的营养素可以根据具体的需要及配方, 自由选取。 上述营养素的范围并不仅限于权利要求和说明书中所列举 的营养素。
所述原材料粉末、 基质粉末和水的混合物在加热条件下逐渐半胶凝化, 加入所述的交联剂, 便于促使淀粉分子间 的交联反应, 从而使得制得的复合谷物具有良好的弹性、 内部粘结力、 表面粘结力, 从而避免复合谷物颗粒破碎、 表 面开裂。 同时交联剂的加入可以减少为了促使半胶凝化的加热时间, 避免营养素因加热时间较长而失活或被.破坏。
在挤出后切割得到的颗粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质的目的在于避免该颗粒在随后的干燥过程中因水分散 失而可能带来的复合谷物表面开裂。
所述的高温干燥的目的在于使得颗粒的含水量快速降低, 但该干燥时间较短以避免水分快速散失所导致的复合谷 物表面开裂。
采用所述的多级低温干燥的目的在于, 逐级的使复合谷物颗粒的水分缓慢温和的散失, 避免颗粒外表面水分散失 快而内部水分散失慢所带来的干燥不充分以及颗粒外表面开裂等问题。
在干燥后的颗粒外表面涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质的目的在于进一步避免颗粒破损及开裂, 而其后采用的所述的 长时间恒温恒湿处理可以使得复合谷物的含水量稳定在一定范围内, 并逐渐使得复合谷物外表面涂敷的物质形成一层 保护膜。 经过恒温恒湿处理的复合谷物的稳定性较好。
可选择地对色选后地复合谷物颗粒进行进一步地后处理, 即打磨和染色, 以使得复合谷物在外形上更加接近与天 然大米。
所有制备过程中地废弃物料都能得以回收, 并相应地重新进行处理, 故该制备流程中地物料损失极低。
综上, 本发明的技术优势在于制备得到的营养强化的复合谷物不仅具有与天然大米相似或相近的外形, 而且具有 与天然大米相似或相近的煮熟时间和硬度, 并且不容易破损, 并且本发明的制备方法工艺流程简单, 产率高。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种复合谷物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
步骤 1 : 除尘粉碎步骤, 对原材料和基质材料进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然后对原材 料和基质材料除尘并随后粉碎, 所述的步骤 1进一步包括- 步骤 1.1 : 对小米、 黍米、 黄米、 大黄米中的两种或多种进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然后对上述米类原材料除尘并随后粉碎, 得到米类原材料粉末;
步骤 1.2: 对荞麦、 燕麦、 大麦、 黑麦中的两种或多种进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然 后对上述麦类原材料除尘并随后粉碎, 得到麦类原材料粉末;
步骤 1.3: 对绿豆、 红豆、 黑豆、 黄豆中的两种或多种进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然 后对上述豆类原材料除尘并随后粉碎, 得到豆类原材料粉末;
步骤 1.4: 对黑米、 粳米、 籼米、 糯米中的两种或多种进行预筛选, 筛去杂质, 然 后对上述基质材料除尘并随后粉碎, 得到基质粉末;
步骤 2: 材料混合步骤, 将原材料粉末、 基质粉末、 水与添加剂混合, 所述的步骤 2 进一步包括:
步骤 2.1 : 预混合步骤,将粉碎后的 18〜42重量份米类原材料与 9〜23重量份水预 混合, 并加入 0.4〜1.2重量份乳化剂搅拌, 将得到的混合物加热至 55〜75Ό, 并向其中 添加 75〜85°C的高温水蒸气和 55〜65°C的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度至 65〜 75 °C, 预混合 0.5〜2.4小时得到混合物;
步骤 2.2: 预混合步骤, 将粉碎后的 18〜42重量份麦类原材料与 11〜25重量份水 预混合, 并加入 0.4〜1.2重量份乳化剂搅拌,, 将得到的混合物加热至 65〜85Ό, 并向 其中添加 85〜95°C的高温水蒸气和 65〜75°C的低温水蒸气,以调节混合物的温度至 75~ 85°C预混合 0.5〜2.4小时得到混合物;
步骤 2.3: 预混合步骤, 将粉碎后的 18〜42重量份豆类原材料与 10〜24重量份水 预混合, 并加入 0.4〜1.2重量份乳化剂搅拌, 将得到的混合物加热至 63〜83°C, 并向其 中添加 83〜93°C的高温水蒸气和 63〜73°C的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度至 73〜 83 °C, 预混合 0.5〜2.4小时得到混合物;
步骤 2.4: 加料混合步骤, 将步骤 2.1、 2.2和 2.3所得的各个混合物混合, 然后向 其中加入 18〜42重量份基质粉末、 8〜22重量份水和 1.8〜4.2重量份营养素、 1.8〜4.2 重量份纤维素、 1.8〜4.2重量份热稳定剂、 以及 1.8~4.2重量份交联剂; 将得到的混合物加热至 60〜80°C, 并向其中添加 80〜90Ό的高温水蒸气和 60〜 70Ό的低温水蒸气, 以调节混合物的温度至 70〜80°C进一步混合 1〜6小时得到混合物; 步骤 3: 挤压成型步骤, 将加料混合步骤得到的混合物注入挤压机, 在 80〜100°C 条件下进行挤压热处理 0.5〜5分钟, 混合物经挤压机出口处的模孔挤出, 并被旋转切割 刀切割得到粒径为 2〜6mm、 长度为 7〜19mm的颗粒;
步骤 4 : 干燥冷却步骤, 将挤压成型步骤得到的颗粒烘干至含水量为 10〜15%, 并 在其上涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质,在温度为 15〜25°C、湿度为 10〜15%的环境下恒温 恒湿冷却 10〜60小时, 得到产品。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的一种复合谷物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 1.1至步骤 1.4中, 对原材料和基质材料的除尘进一步包括静电除尘和高压除尘, 对原材料和基质材 料的粉碎采用多级粉碎。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的一种复合谷物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 在所述的步骤 1.1至步 骤 1.4中, 分别采用检査筛筛选粉碎后的颗粒, 对尺寸不合格的颗粒分别回收并重新进行 多级粉碎处理。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的一种复合谷物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的营养素为维生素 A、 维生素 B1、 维生素 B2、维生素 B6、 叶酸、烟酸、 维生素 B12、 维生素 C、维生素 E、 维生素 K、 微量元素、 核黄素、 VA醋酸脂、 硫胺素、 葡萄糖酸锌、 葡萄糖酸钙、 乳酸钙 中的一种或多种。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的一种复合谷物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 3中, 对切 割后的颗粒涂敷一层可食用油脂类物质, 然后对步骤 3 中产生的碎料回收并重新挤压成 型。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的一种复合谷物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 4进一步包 括:
步骤 4.1 : 将步骤 3中的颗粒进行高温干燥, 干燥温度为 60〜80'C, 干燥时间 30〜 210秒, 干燥后含水量为 20〜25%; 步骤 4.2: 对步骤 4.1中的颗粒进行低温干燥, 干燥温度为 20〜60°C, 干燥时间为 120分钟至 40小时, 干燥后含水量为 10〜15%。
7、 如权利要求 6所述的一种复合谷物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 4.2中的低 温千燥为多级低温干燥,干燥温度依次为 50〜60°0、40〜50 、30〜40°〇以及20〜30'。, 干燥时间皆为 30分钟至 10小时, 干燥后的含水量依次为 16〜21 %、 14〜19%、 12〜 17 %以及 10〜15 %。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的一种复合谷物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述的步骤 4后还包括 步骤 5:对步骤 4.2中的产品进行色选检验,回收次品并将其返回至步骤 1中的粉碎装置。
9、 如权利要求 8所述的一种复合谷物的制备方法, 其特征在于, 还包括一个对步骤 5得 到的产品进行打磨并采用可食用色素对其表面进行喷涂染色并干燥的步骤。
10、 一种根据权利要求 1 至 9所述的方法制备的复合谷物, 其特征在于, 所述的复合谷 物具有与天然大米相同或相近的外形。
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