WO2010071198A1 - ソーワイヤー及びソーワイヤーの製造方法 - Google Patents
ソーワイヤー及びソーワイヤーの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010071198A1 WO2010071198A1 PCT/JP2009/071129 JP2009071129W WO2010071198A1 WO 2010071198 A1 WO2010071198 A1 WO 2010071198A1 JP 2009071129 W JP2009071129 W JP 2009071129W WO 2010071198 A1 WO2010071198 A1 WO 2010071198A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- melting point
- point metal
- saw wire
- abrasive grains
- wire
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0018—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by electrolytic deposition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D61/00—Tools for sawing machines or sawing devices; Clamping devices for these tools
- B23D61/18—Sawing tools of special type, e.g. wire saw strands, saw blades or saw wire equipped with diamonds or other abrasive particles in selected individual positions
- B23D61/185—Saw wires; Saw cables; Twisted saw strips
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D65/00—Making tools for sawing machines or sawing devices for use in cutting any kind of material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
- B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
- B24D3/08—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for close-grained structure, e.g. using metal with low melting point
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T83/00—Cutting
- Y10T83/909—Cutter assemblage or cutter element therefor [e.g., chain saw chain]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a saw wire and a method of manufacturing the saw wire, and more particularly to a fixed abrasive saw wire and a method of manufacturing the same.
- an inner peripheral blade cutting process capable of slicing with high efficiency and high accuracy has been used.
- the inner peripheral blade is enlarged in diameter in response to the increase in size of the silicon ingot, and the thickness reduction of the inner peripheral blade is achieved in order to reduce the cutting loss.
- the diameter of the silicon ingot exceeds 12 inches (300 mm)
- the thinning of the inner peripheral blade has a limit, and the limit is also seen in the reduction of the cutting loss of the expensive work material.
- a wire cutting method using loose abrasive grains such as WA (white alumina) and GC (green silicon carbide) mixed in oil is performed as a cutting method for semiconductor ingots instead of inner peripheral blade cutting processing.
- WA white alumina
- GC green silicon carbide
- wire cutting method using loose abrasive grains such as WA (white alumina), GC (green silicon carbide) and diamond mixed in oil is used. It is However, this wire cutting method has a problem that the cutting speed is low, the cutting accuracy is poor, and the workpiece is contaminated with oil to cause environmental pollution.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 4105
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-7-227766
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2006-7387
- Patent Document 4 Patent No. 4008660
- the resin-fixed type saw wire does not have sufficient cutting performance because the force to fix the diamond abrasive grains of the resin is insufficient.
- Ni electrodeposited saw wire it is necessary to retain a much larger amount of abrasive grains on the diamond abrasive bed than the amount actually adhering to the wire, and the electrodeposition speed is slow, so it is expensive. It is necessary to maintain a large amount of diamond abrasive grains for a long time. Therefore, although it has relatively high cutting performance, it has the disadvantage of being expensive.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a manufacturing method by brazing and soldering as a manufacturing method having relatively high cutting performance and at relatively low cost.
- Patent Document 4 describes preparation and evaluation of a diamond-coated wire in which Cu-plated diamond abrasive grains are fixed to Inconel 718 wire using Sn—Ag—Cu based solder in Examples 3 and 4.
- the present invention is a saw wire in which abrasive grains are fixed to a metal wire, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a saw wire and saw wire manufacturing method with less abrasive grains falling and excellent cutting performance. I assume.
- the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is a fixed abrasive type saw wire in which abrasive grains are fixed to a metal wire by a fixing portion, and the fixing portion is a Zn-based or Sn-based low melting point metal; It is characterized by including a high melting point metal having a melting point higher than that of the low melting point metal.
- the refractory metal is formed at one or more places among the abrasive grains, the surface of the saw wire, and the surface of the metal wire. It is characterized in that it is contained in the high melting point metal layer.
- the abrasive grains are abrasive grains having a coating layer of Ni, and the low melting point metal contains 0.5 to 5.0% by mass of Ag. It is characterized in that the refractory metal is an intermetallic compound containing Sn.
- the Sn-based solder containing 0.5 to 5.0% by mass of Ag is at least a plate having a thickness of 1 to 2 ⁇ m or a string having a diameter of 1 to 2 ⁇ m. It is characterized in that it has a structure in which one of the Ag 3 Sn based intermetallic compounds is dispersed.
- the invention according to claim 5 of the present invention is the method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the Sn-based solder containing 0.5 to 5.0 mass% of Ag contains 0.01 to 0.5 mass% of Fe and 0.01 to 0.5 mass% of Ni. It features.
- the invention according to claim 6 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 3, the abrasive grains have a multilayer covering layer of Ti or Cr in the lower layer and Ni in the upper layer.
- the invention according to claim 7 of the present invention is characterized in that in claim 3 or 6, an intermetallic compound containing Sn is present at least around the abrasive grains.
- the invention according to claim 8 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 2 or 6, an intermetallic compound containing Sn and Ni is present as an intermetallic compound layer around the abrasive grains.
- the intermetallic compound containing Sn and Ni is Ni 3 Sn 4 , Ni 3 Sn 2 and Sn (1-xy) Ni x Cu y And 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7 and 0.01 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5).
- the invention according to claim 10 of the present invention is the method according to claim 1, wherein the low melting point metal is a solder containing Sn and Zn, and the high melting point metal is an intermetallic compound containing Sn or Zn. It features.
- the invention according to claim 11 of the present invention is characterized in that in claim 10, the content of Zn in the solder is 1 to 35% by mass.
- the composition of the solder is represented by Sn-Zn-X, and X is Bi, Ni, Cu, Fe, Sb, Pb, In, and Ag. It is characterized in that the content of one or two or more kinds of X is 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- the invention according to claim 13 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 10, the abrasive grains have a coating layer of Ni or Cu.
- the invention according to claim 14 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 10 or 13, the abrasive grains have a multilayer covering layer of Ti or Cr in the lower layer and Ni or Cu in the upper layer.
- the invention according to claim 15 of the present invention is characterized in that in claim 10 or 13, at least an intermetallic compound containing Sn or Zn is present around the abrasive grains.
- the invention according to claim 16 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 10 or 13, the intermetallic compound containing Sn or Zn is Ni—Sn, Ni—Zn, Ni—Sn—Zn, Cu—Sn. It is characterized in that it is one or two or more kinds of intermetallic compounds among the Cu--Sn--Zn system and the Cu--Zn system.
- the fixing portion includes a high melting point metal layer made of the high melting point metal having a melting point of 700 ° C. or higher, and a low melting point metal layer made of the low melting point metal. It is characterized by including.
- the invention according to claim 18 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 17, the high melting point metal layer is formed outside the low melting point metal layer.
- the invention according to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention is the method according to the seventeenth or eighteenth aspect, wherein the high melting point metal constituting the high melting point metal layer and the low melting point metal constituting the low melting point metal layer diffuse to form the low melting point metal.
- An alloy phase of the low melting point metal and the high melting point metal is formed in the layer.
- the invention according to claim 20 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 17 or 18, the refractory metal constituting the refractory metal layer is Ni or Ni alloy or Cu or Cu alloy.
- the invention according to claim 21 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 17, the abrasive grains have a coating layer of Ni.
- the invention according to claim 22 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 17 or 18, the low melting point metal layer is formed by hot-dip plating.
- the invention according to claim 23 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 17 or 18, the low melting point metal constituting the low melting point metal layer is a Zn—Al alloy.
- the invention according to claim 24 of the present invention is characterized in that in any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 10 and 17, the abrasive grains are diamond abrasive grains.
- the invention according to claim 25 of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 10 and 17, the metal wire is a steel wire.
- the invention according to claim 26 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 25, a Zn, brass or Cu plating layer is present on the surface of the metal wire.
- the invention according to claim 27 of the present invention is a molten metal bath formed by melting a low melting point metal in a method of producing a saw wire for producing a fixed abrasive type saw wire having a plurality of abrasive grains fixed to a metal wire.
- the abrasive grains are mixed in the metal wire, and the metal wire is immersed in the molten metal bath, and the abrasive wire is fixed to the metal wire by continuously drawing the metal wire in a substantially vertical direction.
- the invention according to claim 28 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 27, the metal wire is drawn out continuously while vibrating or rotating the molten metal bath.
- the invention according to claim 29 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 27 or 28, the low melting point metal is Sn or Sn alloy or Zn or Zn alloy.
- the invention according to claim 30 of the present invention is characterized in that, in claim 27, the metal wire is coated with a high melting point metal layer.
- the abrasive grains are fixed to the wire by the Zn-based or Sn-based low melting point metal and the high melting point metal having a melting point higher than the low melting point metal, the retention strength of the abrasive grains is simply and inexpensively increased.
- the present invention provides a saw wire excellent in cutting performance, and is particularly suitable for precision processing of semiconductors and the like, and its industrial effect is enormous.
- the holding power of the abrasive grains is simply and inexpensively fixed by adhering the abrasive grains having the coating layer of Ni to the wire by the Sn-based solder containing 0.5 to 5.0 mass% of Ag and the intermetallic compound containing Sn.
- the present invention provides a saw wire which is excellent in cutting performance and is particularly suitable for precision processing of semiconductors and the like, and its industrial effect is enormous.
- the abrasive grains are fixed to the wire by the Sn—Zn based solder and the intermetallic compound containing Sn or Zn, the holding power of the abrasive grains is easily and inexpensively improved, and the cutting performance is excellent.
- the present invention provides a saw wire, which is particularly suitable for precision processing of semiconductors and the like, and its industrial effects are enormous.
- the present invention is to provide a saw wire having high cutting power and enhanced retention of abrasive grains by fixing the abrasive grains to a metal wire by a low melting point metal layer including a high melting point metal layer, In particular, it is suitable for precision processing of semiconductors and the like, and its industrial effects are enormous.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure around the diamond abrasive of the wire manufactured in Example 1;
- FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the structure around the diamond abrasive of the wire manufactured in Example 5;
- the bonding strength between the metal wire and the low melting point metal hereinafter also referred to as "solder"
- the strength of the solder and the bonding strength between the solder and the abrasive grains are high.
- solder low melting point metal
- the reason for using a low melting point metal for fixing is that the abrasive grains can be fixed by melting the low melting point metal.
- the reason why the high melting point brazing material is unsuitable is that when it is melted and brazed, the metal wire, for example, a steel cord, which has been strengthened by processing, is softened.
- a high melting point brazing material such as Ni alloy by electrolytic plating
- a plating thickness of at least 10 ⁇ m or more is required, and a long process is required. Becoming a problem.
- the present inventors relate to the saw wire in which the abrasive grains are fixed to the metal wire by the adhering portion with the low melting point metal as described above, the abrasive grains so as to be excellent in cutting performance and excellent in durability (to be long life)
- the fixed portion contains a low melting point metal of Zn or Sn series and a high melting point metal having a melting point higher than that of the low melting point metal, and It has been found that the above object can be achieved by fixing.
- the presence of the refractory metal further enhances the adhesion of the abrasive grains during cutting (the peeling of the abrasive grains during cutting can be suppressed).
- the refractory metal is present as a refractory metal layer at one or more locations among the abrasive grains, the surface of the saw wire, and the surface of the metal wire, cutting is being performed for reasons as described later
- the adhesion of the abrasive grains can be further enhanced.
- the above-mentioned abrasive is an abrasive having a coating layer of Ni
- the low melting point metal is an Sn-based solder containing 0.5 to 5.0% by mass of Ag
- the high melting point metal is an intermetallic compound containing Sn.
- the low melting point metal is a solder containing Sn and Zn
- the high melting point metal is a saw wire that is an intermetallic compound containing Sn or Zn
- the cutting performance is excellent, and the abrasive during cutting is It is more preferable because the adhesion of the particles is higher.
- the saw wire is a fixed abrasive type saw wire in which a plurality of abrasive grains are fixed to a metal wire, and the high melting point metal and the low melting point metal have a high melting point metal layer having a melting point of 700 ° C. or more Even if it is a saw wire in which the abrasive grains are adhered to the metal wire by a low melting point metal layer of Zn or Sn, the cutting performance is excellent, and the adhesion of the abrasive grains during cutting is further high. More preferable.
- the solder according to the present invention is a Zn-based or Sn-based low melting point metal.
- the solder also includes a Sn—Zn-based low melting point metal containing Sn and Zn.
- the abrasive is an abrasive having a coating layer of Ni
- the low melting point metal is a Sn-based solder containing 0.5 to 5.0% by mass of Ag
- the high melting point metal is an intermetallic compound containing Sn Among the above-mentioned solders, the following are more preferable.
- solder has high strength, and it is desirable that the intermetallic compound be finely dispersed.
- Sn—Ag based solder forms various intermetallic compounds depending on the type and amount of additives. Typical types of intermetallic compounds are intermetallic compounds of Ni—Sn, Sn—Cu, and Sn—Ag. Sn—Ag based solders are generally used as lead-free solders, but in addition to this, various intermetallic compounds are formed depending on the types and amounts of additives.
- the additives include As, Ba, Co, Cd, Fe, Ni, Pt and the like to form various intermetallic compounds.
- the shape of the intermetallic compound may be island or granular, plate-like, needle-like, string-like or block-like.
- the volume fraction of the intermetallic compound finely dispersed in the solder is more preferably 1% by volume to 10% by volume.
- the addition amount of Ag in the Sn-based solder is preferably 0.5 to 5.0% by mass, and if it is less than 0.5% by mass, sufficient wettability with the wire or the abrasive may not be obtained. In some cases, the adhesion may not be obtained sufficiently. If the content is more than 5.0% by mass, sufficient wettability can be obtained, but the solder itself becomes brittle, and as a result, the bonding strength of the abrasive grains to the wire may not be sufficiently obtained, which may be undesirable.
- the addition amount of Ag is 1.0 to 4.5% by mass, and in this range, the block-like coarsened intermetallic compound can hardly be formed, and a further high strength can be maintained.
- Examples of the additive in the Sn-based solder containing 0.5 to 5.0% by mass of Ag include As, Ba, Co, Cd, Fe, Ni, Pt and the like as described above, among which 0.01 to 0.5% by mass of Fe is included.
- the strength of the solder is improved by containing 0.01 to 0.5% by mass of Ni.
- Fe and Ni slightly dissolve in Sn.
- the solid solution Fe and Ni improve the strength of the solder.
- intermetallic compounds such as FeSn 2 and Ni 3 Sn 4 precipitate. These intermetallic compounds finely precipitate and contribute to the improvement of strength when the amount of Fe or Ni added is relatively small.
- the amount of addition of Fe or Ni is excessive, these intermetallic compounds aggregate and become coarse, which may be undesirable because they become a starting point of destruction and cause strength reduction.
- the addition amount to Sn-based solder containing 0.5 to 5.0% by mass of Ag is desirably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass. If the amount is less than 0.01% by mass, the strength improvement effect due to solid solution strengthening may not be obtained. If the amount is more than 0.5% by mass, strength reduction may progress due to aggregation and coarsening of the intermetallic compound, which may not be preferable. Similarly, in the case of Ni, 0.01 to 0.5% by mass is desirable.
- the low melting point metal is a solder containing Sn and Zn
- the high melting point metal is an intermetallic compound containing Sn or Zn
- the followings are more preferable among the solders.
- the solder preferably has high strength, and is preferably a plate-like having a thickness of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m in tin (Sn) or a material in which needle-like Zn having a diameter of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m is dispersed.
- Sn tin
- Zns have high mechanical strength, and the solder in which these Zns are dispersed in Sn becomes a composite material, is excellent in strength and toughness, and has a high ability to retain the abrasive grains, so the abrasive grains are difficult to fall off.
- a saw wire in which abrasive grains are fixed by Sn—Zn based solder exhibits high cutting performance.
- the addition amount of Zn is preferably 1% by mass or more.
- the amount of Zn added is increased, the amount of Zn in the form of a plate or needle and the strength of the solder are improved.
- the temperature at which the solder starts to solidify is about 320 ° C at about 35 mass%.
- the upper limit of Zn is preferably 35% by mass because the oxidation of Zn is likely to proceed.
- the addition amount of Zn slightly changes depending on the type and addition amount of the third additive element, but more preferably, low temperature treatment is preferable from the viewpoint of strength improvement by the refinement of Zn and the strength deterioration of the wire base material Before and after the eutectic point, it is in the range of about 4% by mass, that is, Sn: 96% by mass, Zn: 4% by mass to Sn: 88% by mass, Zn: 12% by mass.
- Sn-Zn-based solder solder containing Sn and Zn
- solder containing Sn and Zn has the property that Zn is easily oxidized, so an oxide film is easily formed on the surface, and other solders such as Sn-Pb, Sn-Ag, Sn-Bi, etc.
- the wettability tends to be inferior to that of the material. Ba, B, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, Sb, Pb, In, Ag, Mo, Co etc.
- the third additive element to the Sn-Zn based solder may be mentioned as the third additive element to the Sn-Zn based solder, among which the wettability is improved
- it is effective to add 0.5% by mass to 5% by mass of Ni, Cu, Fe, Sb, Pb, In, or Ag, including Bi, or a combination thereof as a third additive element. . If the amount is less than 0.5% by mass, the effect may be insufficient. If the amount is more than 5% by mass, a coarsened intermetallic compound of the additive and Sn or Zn may be formed, which may be undesirable.
- the volume fraction of the intermetallic compound dispersed in the Sn—Zn-based solder is more preferably 1% by volume to 15% by volume.
- the material of the abrasive grains examples include alumina Al 2 O 3 , SiC, SiO 2 and diamond.
- diamond is the best in terms of hardness and heat conductivity.
- the Ni or Cu plating layer only physically (or mechanically) encloses the diamond, and there is no chemical bond between the Ni or Cu atoms and the diamond.
- a film of Ti (titanium) or Cr (chromium) is desirable.
- titanium and chromium have poor wettability of solder, it is preferable to first apply a titanium or chromium coating to the diamond surface and then use a multi-layer coated abrasive that has a Ni or Cu coating on the outside. desirable.
- the metal bond between titanium and chromium and nickel and copper strengthens the bond between the diamond and the metallized layer.
- the intermetallic compound formed at the interface between the metal plating abrasive and the solder indicates the presence of a chemical bond between the metal plating and the solder, and must be present at the interface between the solder and the metal plating. .
- the intermetallic compound generally has a brittle property, when the intermetallic compound layer becomes thick, cracking in the intermetallic compound layer is likely to occur, leading to a decrease in the retention of the abrasive grains. Therefore, it is desirable that the intermetallic compound layer formed at the interface between the metal-plated abrasive and the solder be more uniform and thinner.
- the metal plated abrasive and the solder for fixing the abrasive are a combination suitable for forming a thin intermetallic compound layer.
- Ni plated abrasive and Sn—Zn solder are suitable combinations.
- the interface structure between the abrasive grains and the Sn-based solder containing 0.5 to 5.0% by mass of Ag for obtaining a strong bond preferably has a thin Ni 3 Sn 4 or Ni 3 Sn 2 intermetallic compound of 2 ⁇ m or less .
- an intermetallic compound of Sn (1-xy) Ni x Cu y (where, 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7, 0.0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.8) is generated, and Cu is 0.5% by mass
- an intermetallic compound of Sn (1-xy) Ni x Cu y (where 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7, 0.0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5) in which Cu is solid-solved is generated.
- the ratio of Cu, y is more than 0.5, the thickness of the intermetallic compound becomes large, which is not desirable.
- the thickness of the intermetallic compound of Ni 3 Sn 4 , Ni 3 Sn 2 or Sn (1-xy) Ni x Cu y (where 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.7, 0.0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5) is 1 ⁇ m or less It is.
- the interface structure between the Sn—Zn solder and the abrasive grains for obtaining a strong bond is, depending on the third additive element of the Sn—Zn solder, a Sn—Ba, Sn—Ni—Zn, Sn—
- various intermetallic compounds such as Ni-based, Ni-Zn-based and Sn-Mo-based, thin Sn-Ni-Zn-based, Sn-Ni-based and Ni-Zn-based intermetallic compounds of 2 ⁇ m or less are particularly preferable. It is desirable to have a texture that surrounds the Ni plated metal plated abrasive. More preferably, the thickness of the Sn—Ni—Zn-based intermetallic compound is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the intermetallic compound said here does not necessarily need to be a stoichiometric composition.
- high-strength wires there are stainless steel (SUS316, SUS304, etc.) wire, Inconel wire, steel wire, etc.
- steel wire (piano wire) etc. having tensile strength of 3000 MPa or more is priced It is desirable from the point of With regard to the bonding strength between the wire and the solder, it is desirable that the wettability of the solder be high if a high strength wire is previously coated with copper (Cu), brass (Cu—Zn alloy) or Zn.
- the thickness of these plating layers it is desirable that it is 1 micrometer or less.
- the wire and the plated layer are strongly processed in the wire drawing process to form a strong metallic bond.
- the thin wire that becomes the base material of the saw wire uses a steel wire or the like with high tensile strength, and the surface is covered with brass or copper, and furthermore, the solder is previously coated on these coverings However, it is desirable from the viewpoint of the wettability of the solder in the abrasive grain fixing step.
- Abrasive grains are prepared by mixing fine solder balls and a flux to prepare a paste-like mixture in advance.
- the wire pre-solder-coated After passing through the inside of the container containing the paste-like mixture, the wire pre-solder-coated is drawn from a nozzle tip having a predetermined hole diameter, whereby the paste-like mixture is applied to a predetermined thickness. Ru.
- the wire coated with the paste-like mixture melts the solder by passing through a heated electric furnace, and is cooled outside the furnace to solidify the solder layer, whereby the abrasive grains are fixed to the wire. Furthermore, in order to remove excess flux components, the wire is removed by passing it into the cleaning layer, and wound on a reel to produce an abrasive fixed saw wire.
- the saw wire is a fixed abrasive type saw wire in which a plurality of abrasive grains are fixed to a metal wire, wherein the high melting point metal and the low melting point metal have a high melting point metal layer having a melting point of 700 ° C. or more;
- a saw wire in which the abrasive grains are fixed to the metal wire by the Sn-based low melting point metal layer is described below.
- the low melting point metal layer 3 and the high melting point metal layer 4 are formed on the surface of the metal wire 2, and the saw wire 1 is formed by the low melting point metal layer 3 and the high melting point metal layer 4. Abrasive grains 5 are fixed.
- Examples of the low melting point metal forming the low melting point metal layer 3 include the above-mentioned solder.
- the low melting point metal constituting the low melting point metal layer 3 is preferably one having high strength.
- it is effective to add Cu, Ni, Ag, etc. in Sn system and Zn system for example, for alloying for high strengthening, high concentration alloying results in high melting point, From the viewpoint of coarsening of precipitates, 1% or less is preferable.
- the low melting point metal is preferably a Sn-based or Zn-based metal or alloy, and the melting point thereof is preferably 550 ° C. or less.
- the high melting point metal constituting the high melting point metal layer 4 has a melting point of 700 ° C. or higher, preferably a melting point of 850 ° C. or higher.
- the high melting point metal layer 4 includes the outer layer 4A and the inner layer 4B in this figure, and the low melting point metal layer 3 is provided between the outer layer 4A and the inner layer 4B, the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the low melting point metal layer 3 provided on the metal wire 2 between the metal wire 2 and the low melting point metal layer 3 (inner side), the surface of the low melting point metal layer 3 (outside), or the low melting point metal layer
- at least one high melting point metal layer 4 is provided in the middle of 3 to strengthen the adhesion of the abrasive grains 5.
- the refractory metal layer 4 is also preferably provided with any two or more layers among the outer layer 4A, the intermediate layer (not shown), and the inner layer 4B.
- the high melting point metal layer 4 is provided in the outer layer 4B, the wear resistance of the metal wire 2 is also improved, and the cutting performance can be improved.
- the high melting point metal Ni or Ni alloy or Cu or Cu alloy is optimum, but Pd, Cr, Pt, Rh, Ti and the like are also suitable.
- the high melting point metal layer 4 is also suitable to use a Zn—Al alloy as the low melting point metal. That is, Ni, Cu and the like of the high melting point metal layer 4 are diffused into the low melting point metal layer 3 to form a diffusion layer. Further, by forming an alloy phase of Ni, Cu or the like and Al at the interface or inside the low melting point metal layer 3, the abrasive grains 5 can be fixed more firmly.
- the high melting point metal layer 4 Since the high melting point metal layer 4 is effective even when the layer thickness is relatively small, it can be formed by electrolytic plating or electroless plating of Ni or Ni alloy or Cu or Cu alloy.
- the plating thickness of the high melting point metal layer 4 is more than 0.01 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.02 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
- the high melting point metal layer 4 is provided in the middle of the low melting point metal layer 3 (not shown)
- the high melting point metal layer is formed again 4 can be formed by depositing a second low melting point metal layer.
- the plating thickness of the high melting point metal layer 4 exceeds the upper limit, the plating time becomes long and the productivity is lowered.
- the plating thickness of the high melting point metal layer 4 is less than the lower limit, the effect of increasing the strength by the diffusion layer is not sufficient.
- the diffusion of the high melting point metal and the low melting point metal is possible even below the melting point of the low melting point metal. Therefore, by heat treatment at a low temperature, it is also possible to provide an alloy phase of a high melting point metal and a low melting point metal, and the bonding strength of the abrasive grains 5 can be further enhanced.
- the effect of diffusion is obtained when the low melting point metal is 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably 150 ° C. to 200 ° C. for Sn-based metals, and 150 ° C. to 400 ° C. for Zn-based metals, preferably 200 ° C. to 350 ° C. . If the temperature is less than the lower limit, the thickness of the diffusion layer is not sufficient. If the temperature exceeds the upper limit, coarsening of the structure becomes remarkable, so the adhesion strength is reduced or the strength of the metal wire 2 is reduced. It will be.
- examples of the material of the abrasive grains 5 include alumina, SiC, SiO 2 and diamond. Among these, diamond is the best in hardness.
- a coating layer (not shown) of Ni or Cu (not shown) is previously applied to the abrasive grains 5 by plating (hereinafter referred to as “coated abrasive grains”) Is also desirable from the viewpoint of improving the wettability of the solder 3.
- the Ni or Cu coating has a low bonding strength with the diamond.
- a metal film capable of chemical bonding with diamond a film of Ti (titanium) or Cr (chromium) is desirable.
- Ti and Cr have poor wettability of the solder 3
- a Ti or Cr coating is applied to the surface of the abrasive grain 5 made of diamond, and a Ni / Cu coating is further applied to the outer side thereof. It is further desirable to use (not shown). Since there is a metal bond between Ti and Cr and Ni and Cu, the bond between the diamond abrasive grains 5 and the Ni or Cu coating is strengthened.
- the high-strength metal wire 2 for example, the above-mentioned metal wire can be used.
- the high strength metal wire 2 although the type thereof is not particularly limited, a high carbon steel wire (piano wire) or the like having a tensile strength of 3000 MPa or more is desirable also from the viewpoint of strength and price.
- the wire diameter may be 40 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m, preferably 80 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m or less. If it is less than the lower limit, the possibility of disconnection increases, and if it exceeds the upper limit, the cutting allowance becomes large and the loss of the object to be cut becomes large.
- the deposition apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 2 can be used to deposit the abrasive grains 5.
- the deposition apparatus 10 includes a melting tank 11, a heater 12 for heating the melting tank 11, and a feeder 13 for feeding the metal wire 2 into the melting tank 11.
- a low melting point metal hereinafter referred to as "molten metal bath”
- molten metal bath a low melting point metal (hereinafter referred to as "molten metal bath") 3A which is heated by the heater 12 as the hot-dip plating and the abrasive grains 5 mixed in the molten metal bath 3A are included. It is housed.
- the abrasive grains 5 float in the vicinity of the surface of the molten metal bath 3A because the specific gravity is lighter than the low melting point metal.
- the feed unit 13 feeds the metal wire 2 in the direction of the arrow in the figure, and the metal wire 2 can circulate in the melting tank 11 in one direction.
- the metal wire 2 is fed into the melting tank 11 by the feeding unit 13. Then, the metal wire 2 is immersed in the molten metal bath 3A in the melting tank 11. When the metal wire 2 immersed in the molten metal bath 3A is pulled out from the melting tank 11, the abrasive grains 5 are simultaneously fixed. As described above, in the deposition apparatus 10, when the metal wire 2 is immersed in and drawn out from the molten metal bath 3 A in which the abrasive grains 5 are mixed, the abrasive grains 5 are fixed to the abrasive wire 5 efficiently. Can be fixed. Therefore, inexpensive saw wire 1 can be provided.
- the deposition apparatus 10 may be configured to control the deposition density of the abrasive grains 5. That is, to describe the configuration similar to that of the deposition apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 2 with reference to FIG. 3 in which the same reference numerals are attached, the deposition apparatus 20 further includes the extraction portion of the metal wire 2 in the melting tank 11. A cylindrical portion 21 is provided to surround it. The cylindrical portion 21 is opened in the vertical direction, and is held by the melting tank 11 so that the molten metal bath in the melting tank 11 can flow at the lower end, and the metal wire 2 can enter and exit. An insertion hole 22 is provided on the side surface. Further, at the bottom of the melting tank 11, a stirrer 23 is rotatably provided below the cylindrical portion 21.
- the deposition apparatus 20 configured as described above rotates the molten metal bath 3A with the drawing direction of the metal wire 2 as a rotation axis by rotating the stirrer 23 by a drive unit (not shown). Thereby, the deposition apparatus 20 can stabilize the supply of the abrasive grains 5, mix the abrasive grains 5, and adhere a fixed amount of the abrasive grains 5 to the metal wire 2.
- the frequency has a dispersive effect in the range of 300 Hz to 500 kHz.
- the inflow and outflow holes of the molten metal bath can also be provided to control the inflow amount, inflow and outflow positions.
- the molten metal bath can be jetted out as a jet from a tip of a nozzle (not shown), and the metal wire can be sent into the nozzle to adhere the abrasive grains.
- the nozzle is suitably directed vertically upward, but deposition is also possible in the horizontal direction.
- the thickness of the molten metal bath can be controlled by controlling the viscosity by adjusting the melting temperature and changing the drawing speed of the metal wire. Coating with a molten metal bath is particularly excellent in productivity as compared to other methods.
- the above-mentioned embodiment demonstrated the method to adhere the abrasive grain 5 to the metal wire 2 using the adhesion apparatuses 10 and 20, this invention is not limited to this.
- the abrasive grains are dispersed in a paste in which a powder of a low melting point metal and a flux component are mixed and applied or printed on a metal wire, and then once melted and solidified in a heat treatment furnace. May be fixed.
- a saw wire was made on a trial basis in which double-layered coated diamond abrasive grains having an average particle diameter of 35 ⁇ m were fixed by Sn-Ag based solder containing 0.05% by mass of Fe and 0.05% by mass of Ni. Below, the manufacturing method is described.
- Abrasive grains: The mixture was stirred and mixed as flux 3: 2: 4 to prepare a paste-like mixture.
- the steel wire has a speed of 50 cm / s in a solder composition of 96.5 mass% Sn-3.4 mass% Ag to which 0.05 mass% of Fe and 0.05 mass% of Ni once added at 250 ° C. are added after acetone cleaning.
- the solder coating process of about 3 ⁇ m thickness was performed by wiping off excess solder at the same time as passing through.
- the paste-like mixture was further applied by being pulled out from a nozzle tip having a hole of about 200 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the steel wire to which the paste-like mixture is further applied melts the solder by passing it through a tubular electric furnace (soil length: about 40 cm) heated to 270 ° C. at a speed of 0.1 m / min. Then, the abrasive grains were fixed to the steel wire by cooling. Furthermore, excess flux components were removed by passing through the washing tank, and wound on a reel to form a saw wire.
- the structure around the abrasive grains of the obtained saw wire is schematically shown in FIG.
- a 1-2 ⁇ m thick Ni-plated metal layer 31 is found around the diamond 30, and a Sn-Ni-based intermetallic compound 32 is distributed around the diamond in a thickness of 1 to 2 ⁇ m, It was a structure in which the Sn—Ni-based intermetallic compound 33 was scattered also in the solder. Further, in the solder, it was confirmed that a plate-like having a thickness of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m or a string-like Sn—Ag based intermetallic compound having a diameter of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m was dispersed or connected in a network.
- a 30-m-long saw wire with such intermetallic compounds present around diamond abrasive grains is attached to a laboratory saw wire device (CS-203), wire tension 14.7 N, wire movement speed 100 m / min, processing load
- the cutting performance was evaluated by reciprocating under the condition of 100 g (weight of weight for pressing the work against the wire). Water was also used as the cooling solvent. At this time, the cutting speed of the silicon single crystal with a diameter of 20 mm was 2.6 mm / min. Moreover, in this cutting test, falling off of the abrasive grain from the saw wire was hardly confirmed.
- Example 2 Multilayer-coated diamond abrasive grains with an average particle diameter of 35 ⁇ m in which a 50 nm-thick lower layer Cr plating and a 3 ⁇ m thick upper layer Ni plating are applied to a steel wire (tensile strength: 3450 MPa) diameter 160 ⁇ m coated with Cu (thickness about 50 nm) A saw wire was fixed by Sn-Ag-Cu solder containing 0.05% by mass of Ni. Below, the manufacturing method is described.
- the steel wire has a speed of 50 cm / s in a solder composition of about 96.5 mass% Sn-3.0 mass% Ag-0.5 mass% Cu to which 0.05 mass% of Ni once melted at 250 ° C. is added after acetone cleaning.
- the solder coating process of about 3 ⁇ m thickness was performed by wiping off excess solder at the same time as passing through.
- the paste-like mixture was further applied by being pulled out from a nozzle tip having a hole of about 200 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the steel wire to which the paste-like mixture is further applied melts the solder by passing it through a tubular electric furnace (soil length: about 40 cm) heated to 270 ° C. at a speed of 0.1 m / min. Then, the abrasive grains were fixed to the steel wire by cooling. Furthermore, excess flux components were removed by passing through the washing layer and wound on a reel to form a saw wire.
- a metal layer of 1 to 2 ⁇ m thick Ni plating can be seen around the diamond by elemental analysis, and Sn to Ni-Cu with a thickness of 2 to 3 ⁇ m around it It was a structure in which the intermetallic compounds of the system were distributed, and the intermetallic compounds of the Sn-Ni-Cu system were scattered also in the solder.
- a plate-like or string-like Sn-Ag-based intermetallic compound having a thickness of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m or a particle-like Sn-Cu-based metal having a diameter of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m The tissue in which the compound was dispersed was confirmed.
- a 30m-long saw wire with such intermetallic compounds present around diamond abrasive grains is attached to a laboratory wire saw device (CS-203), wire tension 14.7 N, wire movement speed 100 m / min, processing load
- the cutting performance was evaluated by reciprocating at 100 g. Water was also used as the cooling solvent. At this time, the cutting speed of the silicon single crystal with a diameter of 20 mm was 2.4 mm / min. Moreover, in this cutting test, falling off of the abrasive grain from the saw wire was hardly confirmed.
- a saw wire was made on a trial basis in which double-layered coated diamond abrasive grains having an average particle diameter of 40 ⁇ m were fixed by Sn-Ag-Cu-based solder added with 0.05% by mass of Fe. Below, the manufacturing method is described.
- the steel wire After acetone cleaning, the steel wire passes through the solder composition of 94.0 mass% Sn-5.0 mass% Ag-1.0 mass% Cu once melted at 250 ° C at a speed of 50 cm / sec and wipes off excess solder at the same time
- the solder coating process was performed to a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m.
- the paste-like mixture was further applied by being pulled out from a nozzle tip having a hole of about 250 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the steel wire to which the paste-like mixture is further applied melts the solder by passing through a tubular electric furnace (soil length: about 40 cm) heated to 280 ° C. at a speed of 0.15 m / min. Then, the abrasive grains were fixed to the steel wire by cooling. Furthermore, excess flux components were removed by passing through the washing layer and wound on a reel to form a saw wire.
- a metal layer of 1 to 2 ⁇ m thick Ni plating can be seen around the diamond by elemental analysis, and Sn to Ni-Cu with a thickness of 2 to 3 ⁇ m around it It was a structure in which the intermetallic compounds of the system were distributed, and the intermetallic compounds of the Sn-Ni-Cu system were scattered also in the solder.
- a plate-like or string-like Sn-Ag-based intermetallic compound having a thickness of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m or a particle-like Sn-Cu-based metal having a diameter of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m The tissue in which the compound was dispersed was confirmed.
- a 30m long saw wire with such intermetallic compounds present around diamond abrasive grains is attached to a laboratory wire saw device (CS-203), wire tension 1000MPa, wire movement speed 500m / min, processing load 100g Then, water was used as a cooling solvent to evaluate the cutting performance.
- the cutting speed of the silicon single crystal with a diameter of 20 mm was 2.2 mm / min. Moreover, in this cutting test, falling off of the abrasive grain from the saw wire was hardly confirmed.
- Example 4 According to Example 1 to Example 3, saw wires were produced under various conditions as shown in Table 1, and their cutting performances were compared. Table 1 shows production conditions and performance of the saw wire produced under each condition.
- a Ni-plated metal layer with a thickness of 1 to 2 ⁇ m can be seen around the abrasive grains, and a Sn—Ni-based metal layer with a thickness of 1 to 2 ⁇ m can be seen around the abrasive grains.
- Intermetallic compounds were distributed. In No. 4-25, dispersion of SnBaO 3 was observed. Moreover, in No. 4-27, Sn-B type intermetallic compounds were observed.
- NiMoO 4 was found at the periphery of the abrasive grains.
- the wire surface after the said cutting performance evaluation was observed the residual state of the abrasive grain was evaluated by the following references
- No. 4-10, 4-11, 4-14, 4-15, 4-29, 4-30 because the plating metal on the outside of the abrasive grain is Cu, the interface between the solder and the Cu plating layer It is considered that the cutting performance is lowered because the Cu-containing intermetallic compound becomes thick and as a result, it becomes easily broken near the intermetallic compound.
- the No. 4-12, 4-13, and 4-15 saw wires have a composition that does not contain Ag in the solder, so the solder strength is considered to be reduced and the cutting performance is lowered. Further, it is considered that No. 4-31 saw wire had a lower solder strength and a lower cutting performance because Ag in the solder was excessive. In the No. 4-32 saw wire, since no intermetallic compound was formed, all the abrasive grains fell off, and the cutting speed was extremely low.
- a saw wire was made on a trial basis in which the coated double layer diamond abrasive grains having an average particle diameter of 35 ⁇ m were fixed by Sn—Zn—Bi based solder. Below, the manufacturing method is described.
- Abrasive grains: Flux 3: 2: The mixture was stirred and mixed as 3 to prepare a paste-like mixture.
- the steel wire is wiped off excess solder while passing at a speed of 50 cm / sec in 89 wt% Sn-8 wt% Zn-3 wt% Bi solder once melted at 290 ° C. after acetone cleaning.
- the solder coating process was performed to a thickness of about 3 ⁇ m.
- the solder-coated steel wire was passed through the container containing the paste-like mixture, and then pulled out from a nozzle tip having a hole of 300 ⁇ m in diameter, whereby a predetermined amount of paste-like mixture was applied.
- the steel wire coated with the paste-like mixture melts the solder by passing it through a tubular electric furnace (soil length: about 40 cm) heated to 280 ° C. at a speed of 0.1 m / min. After that, the abrasive grains were fixed to the steel wire by cooling. Furthermore, excess flux components were removed by passing through the washing tank, and wound on a reel to form a saw wire.
- the structure around the abrasive grains of the obtained saw wire is shown in FIG.
- a 1 to 2 ⁇ m thick Ni-plated metal layer 41 is found around the diamond 40, and the Sn—Ni—Zn-based intermetallic compound 42 is distributed in a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m around it.
- a plate-like structure having a thickness of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m or a structure 43 in which needle-like Zn having a diameter of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m was dispersed was confirmed.
- the steel wire passes through the solder composition of 91.0 mass% Sn-9.0 mass% Zn once melted at 250 ° C. at a speed of 50 cm / sec and simultaneously wipes off excess solder after acetone cleaning. A solder coating process with a thickness of 3 ⁇ m was performed.
- the solder-coated steel wire was passed through the inside of the container containing the paste-like mixture, and then pulled out from a nozzle tip having a hole of 350 ⁇ m in diameter, whereby a predetermined amount of paste-like mixture was applied.
- the steel wire coated with the paste-like mixture melts the solder by passing it through a tubular electric furnace (soil length: about 40 cm) heated to 280 ° C. at a speed of 0.15 m / min. Thereafter, the abrasive was fixed to the metal wire by cooling. Furthermore, excess flux components were removed by passing through the washing tank, and wound on a reel to form a saw wire.
- a 1 to 2 ⁇ m thick Ni-plated metal layer is found around the diamond, and the Sn-Ni-Cu based intermetallic compound is distributed at a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m around it. ing.
- the solder a plate-like structure having a thickness of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m or a structure in which needle-like Zn having a diameter of about 1 to 2 ⁇ m was dispersed was confirmed.
- a 30 m long saw wire in which such intermetallic compounds exist around diamond abrasive grains is attached to a laboratory wire saw device (CS-203), and in the same manner as in Example 5, wire tension 14.7 N, wire
- the cutting performance was evaluated using water as a cooling solvent at a moving speed of 100 m / min and a processing load of 100 g.
- the cutting speed of the 20 mm thick silicon single crystal was 3.1 mm / min.
- Example 7 saw wire was produced under various conditions as shown in Table 2, and the cutting performance with the saw wire using other solder materials was compared.
- Table 2 shows the production conditions of each saw wire.
- Table 3 shows the manufacturing conditions (cont.) Of each saw wire and the evaluation results.
- 1 to 2 ⁇ m around the abrasive grains A thick Ni-plated metal layer was observed, and the Sn—Ni—Zn-based intermetallic compound was distributed in a thickness of about 1 ⁇ m around the metal layer.
- Example 8 A Cu-Zn alloy (70% Cu) as a high melting point metal layer (lower layer) is coated with a thickness of about 1.0 ⁇ m on the surface of a steel wire with a diameter of 140 ⁇ m as a metal wire (tensile strength: 3450 MPa) and a thickness of 3 ⁇ m as a coated abrasive.
- a saw wire was prepared, in which coated diamond abrasive grains having an average particle diameter of 25 ⁇ m plated with Ni were fixed by Zn-based solder to which 2.0% by mass of Al as a low melting point metal was added. Below, the manufacturing method is described.
- the abrasive grains were mixed in a molten metal bath containing Zn, which was heated and melted in a melting tank, as a low melting point metal, and the steel wire was immersed and pulled up vertically at a constant speed.
- the diamond abrasive grains are pulled up with the low melting point metal (Zn metal) wetted to the steel wire at the liquid level, and cooled above the liquid level to solidify the low melting point metal (Zn metal) while the abrasive grains are captured and fixed
- the pulling rate was adjusted to adjust the average thickness of the low melting point metal layer (Zn layer) to 15 ⁇ m.
- the reduction in tensile strength of the steel wire after the application of the abrasive grains was within 5%. From the cross-sectional observation, it was confirmed that a diffusion layer is present at the interface between Cu of the high melting point metal layer (lower layer) and the low melting point metal layer (Zn layer) formed by solidification of the molten metal bath.
- Example 9 The above-mentioned saw wire surface is subjected to 0.1 ⁇ m of Ni electrolytic plating as a high melting point metal layer and 0.05 ⁇ m of Ni-B electroless plating is reheated to 200 ° C. to obtain a low melting point. It was made to diffuse with a metal layer (Zn layer). At the interface, a diffusion layer and an intermetallic compound layer of Ni and Al (alloy phase) were confirmed.
- Example 9 when the cutting evaluation was performed, the cutting speed of the saw wire according to Example 9 was further increased by 20% as compared with Example 8 in which the surface of the saw wire was not plated. Moreover, in Example 9, it was also confirmed that abrasive particle drop-off
- FIG. 9 shows that abrasive particle drop-off
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Abstract
Description
(実施例1)
真鍮が被覆(Cu:Zn=2:1(mol比)、厚み約50nm)された直径160μmの鋼線(引張強度:3450MPa)に、厚み50nmの下層Tiメッキ及び厚み3μmの上層Niメッキを施した平均粒径35μmの複層被覆ダイヤモンド砥粒を、Feが0.05質量%及びNiが0.05質量%添加されたSn-Ag系半田により固着したソーワイヤーを試作した。以下に、その製造方法を述べる。
Cuが被覆(厚み約50nm)された直径160μmの鋼線(引張強度:3450MPa)に、厚み50nmの下層Crメッキ及び厚み3μmの上層Niメッキを施した平均粒径35μmの複層被覆ダイヤモンド砥粒をNiが0.05質量%添加されたSn-Ag-Cu系半田により固着したソーワイヤーを試作した。以下に、その製造方法を述べる。
真鍮が被覆(Cu:Zn=2:1(mol比)、厚み約50nm)された直径180μmの鋼線(引張強度:3300MPa)に、厚み50nmの下層Tiメッキ及び厚み4μmの上層Niメッキを施した平均粒径40μmの複層被覆ダイヤモンド砥粒を、Feを0.05質量%添加したSn-Ag-Cu系半田により固着したソーワイヤーを試作した。以下に、その製造方法を述べる。
実施例1~実施例3に準じて、表1のように種々の条件でソーワイヤーを作製し、切断性能を比較した。表1に各条件で作製したソーワイヤーの製造条件及び性能を示す。また、各実施例で得られたソーワイヤーの組織は、砥粒の周辺に1~2μm厚さのNiメッキの金属層が見られ、その周囲を1~2μmの厚さでSn-Ni系の金属間化合物が分布していた。No.4-25では、SnBaO3の分散が見られた。また、No.4-27ではSn-B系の金属間化合物が見られた。さらにN0.4-28ではNiMoO4が砥粒の周辺部で見られた。なお、砥粒の脱落状況については、上記切断性能評価後のワイヤー表面を観察し、砥粒の残存状態を以下の基準で評価し、△以上を実用に耐えるとした。
△ : 明らかに脱落箇所が確認できる、× : 全体に脱落が進んでいる。
真鍮が被覆(Cu:Zn=2:1(mol比)、厚み約50nm)された直径160μmの鋼線(引張強度:3450MPa)に、厚み50nmの下層Tiメッキ及び厚み3μmの上層Niメッキを施した平均粒径35μmの複層被覆ダイヤモンド砥粒をSn-Zn-Bi系半田により固着したソーワイヤーを試作した。以下に、その製造方法を述べる。
銅が被覆(厚み:約50nm)された直径180μmの鋼線(引張強度:3300MPa)に、厚み50nmの下層Tiメッキ及び厚み4μmの上層Niメッキを施した平均粒径30μmの複層被覆ダイヤモンド砥粒をSn-Zn系半田により固着したソーワイヤーを試作した。以下に、その製造方法を述べる。
実施例5及び実施例6に準じて、表2のように種々の条件でソーワイヤーを作製し、他の半田材料を用いたソーワイヤーとの切断性能を比較した。表2に各ソーワイヤーの製造条件を示す。また、表3に各ソーワイヤーの製造条件(つづき)及び評価結果を示す。No.7-8、No.7-16~17、No.7-19~21、No.7-37、No.7-40~42を除く各ソーワイヤーでは、砥粒の周辺に1~2μm厚さのNiメッキの金属層が見られ、その周囲を1μm程度の厚さでSn-Ni-Zn系の金属間化合物が分布していた。No.7-30ではBaSnO3で示される金属間化合物が、砥粒の周囲に見られたとともに、No.7-31ではPt-Sn-Ni系の金属間化合物も見られた。さらに、No.7-6では、Sn-Ni-In系の金属間化合物が確認された。No.7-8およびNo.7-37では、ダイヤモンドの周辺に1~2μm厚さのCuメッキの金属層が見られ、その周囲を2~3μm程度の厚さでSn-Cu-Zn系の金属間化合物が分布していた。また、特許第400866号の実施例3記載の製法と類似の方法により試作したソーワイヤー(No.7-20)の切断性能を比較した。さらに、市販のダイヤモンドNi電着ワイヤー(No.7-24)についても、比較例として切断性能を比較した。なお、砥粒の脱落状況については、上記切断性能評価後のワイヤー表面を観察し、砥粒の残存状態を以下の基準で評価し、△以上を実用に耐えるとした。
△:明らかに脱落箇所が確認できる、×:全体に脱落が進んでいる。
金属ワイヤーとしての直径140μmの鋼線(引張強度:3450MPa)の表面に、高融点金属層(下層)としてCu-Zn合金(Cu70%)を厚み約1.0μm被覆し、被覆砥粒として厚み3μmのNiメッキを施した平均粒径25μmの被覆ダイヤモンド砥粒を、低融点金属としてのAlが2.0質量%添加されたZn系半田により固着したソーワイヤーを試作した。以下に、その製造方法を述べる。
上記ソーワイヤー表面に、高融点金属層として0.1μmのNi電解めっきを施したもの、ならびに0.05μmのNi-B無電解めっきを行ったものを、200℃に再加熱して、低融点金属層(Zn層)と拡散させた。界面には、拡散層、NiとAlの金属間化合物層(合金相)が確認された。
2 金属ワイヤー
3 低融点金属層
4 高融点金属層
5 砥粒
Claims (33)
- 砥粒が金属ワイヤーに固着部により固着された固定砥粒式ソーワイヤーであって、前記固着部が、Zn系又はSn系の低融点金属と、前記低融点金属より融点の高い高融点金属とを含むことを特徴とするソーワイヤー。
- 前記高融点金属が、前記砥粒の周囲、前記ソーワイヤーの表面、及び、前記金属ワイヤーの表面の中で1ヶ所以上に形成された高融点金属層に含まれることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記砥粒が、Niの被覆層を有する砥粒であって、前記低融点金属が、Agを0.5~5.0質量%含むSn系半田であり、前記高融点金属がSnを含む金属間化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記Agを0.5~5.0質量%含むSn系半田が、1~2μmの厚さを有する板状又は直径1~2μmの紐状の少なくとも一方のAg3Sn系金属間化合物が分散した組織を有することを特徴とする請求項3に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記Agを0.5~5.0質量%含むSn系半田中にFeを0.01~0.5質量%、Niを0.01~0.5質量%含むことを特徴とする請求項3又は4に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記砥粒が、下層にTi又はCr、上層にNiの複層被覆層を有することを特徴とする請求項3に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記Snを含む金属間化合物が、前記砥粒の周囲に少なくとも存在することを特徴とする請求項3又は6に記載のソーワイヤー。
- SnとNiとを含む金属間化合物が、前記砥粒の周囲に金属間化合物層として存在することを特徴とする請求項2又は6に記載のソーワイヤー。
- SnとNiを含む金属間化合物が、Ni3Sn4、Ni3Sn2及びSn(1-x-y)NixCuy(ここで、0.1≦x≦0.7、0.01≦y≦0.5)のうち1種又は2種以上であることを特徴とする請求項2又は6に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記低融点金属が、SnとZnを含む半田であって、前記高融点金属が、Sn又はZnを含む金属間化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記半田中のZnの含有量が1~35質量%であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記半田の組成がSn-Zn-Xで示され、XがBi、Ni、Cu、Fe、Sb、Pb、In、及びAgのうち一種又は二種以上、Xの含有量が0.5~5質量%であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記砥粒が、Ni又はCuの被覆層を有することを特徴とする請求項10に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記砥粒が、下層にTi又はCr、上層にNi又はCuの複層被覆層を有することを特徴とする請求項10又は13に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記Sn又はZnを含む金属間化合物が、前記砥粒の周囲に少なくとも存在することを特徴とする請求項10又は13に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記Sn又はZnを含む金属間化合物が、Ni-Sn系、Ni-Zn系、Ni-Sn-Zn系、Cu-Sn系、Cu-Sn-Zn系、及びCu-Zn系のうち1種又は2種以上の金属間化合物であることを特徴とする請求項10又は13に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記固着部は、融点が700℃以上の前記高融点金属からなる高融点金属層と、前記低融点金属からなる低融点金属層とを含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記高融点金属層が前記低融点金属層に対し外側に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項17に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記高融点金属層を構成する高融点金属と低融点金属層を構成する低融点金属が拡散することにより、前記低融点金属層内に前記低融点金属と前記高融点金属との合金相が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項17又は18に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記高融点金属層を構成する高融点金属がNiまたはNi合金もしくはCuまたはCu合金であることを特徴とする請求項17又は18に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記砥粒が、Niの被覆層を有することを特徴とする請求項17に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記低融点金属層が、溶融めっきにより形成されていることを特徴とする請求項17又は18に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記低融点金属層を構成する前記低融点金属が、Zn-Al合金であることを特徴とする請求項17又は18に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記砥粒が、ダイヤモンド砥粒であることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、10、17のいずれか1項に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記金属ワイヤーは鋼線であることを特徴とする請求項1、2、3、10,17のいずれか1項に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 前記金属ワイヤーの表面にZn、真鍮、又はCuメッキ層があることを特徴とする請求項25に記載のソーワイヤー。
- 金属ワイヤーに複数個の砥粒が固着された固定砥粒式ソーワイヤーを製造するソーワイヤーの製造方法において、
低融点金属を溶融してなる溶融金属浴中に前記砥粒を混合し、前記溶融金属浴中に前記金属ワイヤーを浸漬して当該金属ワイヤーを略鉛直方向に連続的に引き出すことにより、前記金属ワイヤーに前記砥粒を固着することを特徴とするソーワイヤーの製造方法。 - 前記溶融金属浴を振動もしくは回転させながら、前記金属ワイヤーを連続的に引き出すことを特徴とする請求項27に記載のソーワイヤーの製造方法。
- 前記低融点金属がSnまたはSn合金もしくはZnまたはZn合金であることを特徴とする請求項27又は28に記載のソーワイヤーの製造方法。
- 前記金属ワイヤーが高融点金属層で被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項27に記載のソーワイヤーの製造方法。
- 前記砥粒が前記低融点金属で固着された後に、高融点金属層を表面に形成することを特徴とする請求項27に記載のソーワイヤーの製造方法。
- 前記高融点金属層を形成した後、200℃以上600℃以下の温度で熱処理することにより、低融点金属層を構成する低融点金属と前記高融点金属層を構成する高融点金属との拡散層を形成することを特徴とする請求項30又は31に記載のソーワイヤーの製造方法。
- 前記高融点金属層を構成する高融点金属がNiまたはNi合金もしくはCuまたはCu合金であることを特徴とする請求項30に記載のソーワイヤーの製造方法。
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US13/140,770 US20110308371A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | Saw wire and method of manufacturing saw wire |
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CN103842132A (zh) * | 2011-09-29 | 2014-06-04 | 圣戈班磨料磨具有限公司 | 包括粘结到具有阻挡层的长形基底本体上的磨料颗粒的磨料制品、及其形成方法 |
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JP2014530120A (ja) * | 2011-09-29 | 2014-11-17 | サンーゴバンアブレイシブズ,インコーポレイティド | バリア層を有する細長い基板本体に結合した研磨粒子を含む研磨物品及びその形成方法 |
US9610642B2 (en) | 2012-04-02 | 2017-04-04 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Process and apparatus for manufacturing an abrasive wire |
JP2013223912A (ja) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-31 | Tokyo Seimitsu Co Ltd | 切断用ブレード |
US9254552B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2016-02-09 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article and method of forming |
US9278429B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2016-03-08 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article for abrading and sawing through workpieces and method of forming |
US9902044B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2018-02-27 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article and method of forming |
US10596681B2 (en) | 2012-06-29 | 2020-03-24 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article and method of forming |
US9409243B2 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2016-08-09 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article and method of forming |
JP2015030071A (ja) * | 2013-08-05 | 2015-02-16 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | ソーワイヤ及びコアワイヤ |
US10137514B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2018-11-27 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article and method of forming |
US10583506B2 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2020-03-10 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Abrasive article and method of forming |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20110102890A (ko) | 2011-09-19 |
KR101509852B1 (ko) | 2015-04-06 |
TWI455781B (zh) | 2014-10-11 |
CN102317037A (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
US20110308371A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
MY155774A (en) | 2015-11-30 |
JPWO2010071198A1 (ja) | 2012-05-31 |
TW201043366A (en) | 2010-12-16 |
CN102317037B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
JP5516420B2 (ja) | 2014-06-11 |
EP2390055A4 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
EP2390055A1 (en) | 2011-11-30 |
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