WO2010070772A1 - 液晶フィルタ、位相差板及び光学ローパスフィルタ - Google Patents
液晶フィルタ、位相差板及び光学ローパスフィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010070772A1 WO2010070772A1 PCT/JP2008/073257 JP2008073257W WO2010070772A1 WO 2010070772 A1 WO2010070772 A1 WO 2010070772A1 JP 2008073257 W JP2008073257 W JP 2008073257W WO 2010070772 A1 WO2010070772 A1 WO 2010070772A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B27/00—Photographic printing apparatus
- G03B27/02—Exposure apparatus for contact printing
- G03B27/14—Details
- G03B27/26—Cooling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/22—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type
- G02B30/25—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the stereoscopic type using polarisation techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/34—Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers
- G02B30/36—Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers using refractive optical elements, e.g. prisms, in the optical path between the images and the observer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B11/00—Filters or other obturators specially adapted for photographic purposes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal filter, a phase difference plate, and an optical low-pass filter.
- the optical anisotropy of the liquid crystal is a phenomenon caused by a difference in refractive index between the major axis (slow axis) and the minor axis (fast axis) of the liquid crystal.
- a phase difference plate that acts on the polarization of light and an optical low-pass filter that acts on separation of light are known.
- the retardation plate examples include a 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength plate and a 1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate.
- the retardation plate is used for various purposes and is also used in a stereoscopic image display device.
- a phase difference plate is used in which liquid crystal regions aligned in a specific direction are alternately arranged in a band shape.
- the optical low-pass filter is used to prevent moiré fringes generated when an optical image having a spatial frequency higher than the pixel pitch of the image sensor is incident in a digital camera or digital movie using the image sensor.
- quartz plates using the birefringence of materials are mainly used as optical low-pass filters.
- the quartz plate is expensive, and dust adhesion due to being easily charged becomes a problem, and the use of a liquid crystal filter has been studied (see Patent Document 1).
- An optical low-pass filter using a liquid crystal filter uses a birefringence like a quartz plate and a plurality of liquid crystal regions aligned in a specific direction in a checkered pattern and emits with a predetermined separation angle. Some use first-order diffracted light.
- the stereoscopic image display device and the liquid crystal filter using the first-order diffracted light are composed of a plurality of liquid crystal regions having different arrangements, the shadow of the boundary portion between the liquid crystal regions is visually recognized as a linear defect, and the stereoscopic image display There has been a problem in that the quality is lowered or the image is reflected on the image sensor.
- a liquid crystal filter includes a first region including a liquid crystal arranged along a first direction, and a liquid crystal arranged along a second direction different from the first direction. And a buffer region provided between the first region and the second region, and including a liquid crystal arranged along a middle direction between the first direction and the second direction.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of an AA cross section of FIG. 1A. It is a figure explaining a refractive index ellipsoid. It is a front view of the liquid crystal filter for experiment which two fields where the arrangement directions of liquid crystals differ contact. It is a schematic diagram which shows the case where there exists the visibility of a linear defect. It is a schematic diagram which shows the case where there is no visibility of a linear defect. It is a figure for demonstrating the mode of experiment. It is a schematic diagram at the time of providing a strip-shaped buffer area.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram at the time of providing the buffer area
- liquid crystal filter 20 first region, 21 A region, 30 second region, 31 B region, 40 first region, 41 second region, 50 buffer region, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 strip region, 60 buffer Region, 70 buffer region, 100 liquid crystal molecules, 501 experimental liquid crystal filter, 502, 503 polarizing plate, 510 light source, 511 observer, 600 liquid crystal filter, 601 first region, 602 second region, 611 mask, 612 polarization, 613 Alignment film, 614 glass substrate, 615 mask, 616 polarization, 700 liquid crystal filter, 701 first region, 702 second region, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707 strip region, 716 mask, 717 polarization, 718 alignment film, 719 Glass substrate, 720 mask, 721 polarization, 790 Area, 801 first area, 802, 803, 804, 805, 806 small area, 807 second area, 901 first area, 902 buffer area, 903 second area, 1000 liquid crystal display panel, 1001 pixel, 1002 phase difference Plate, 1003, 1004 Banded
- FIG. 1A is a schematic view of a liquid crystal filter constituting an optical low-pass filter used in a digital camera or the like as viewed from the front.
- the structure of the liquid crystal filter is divided into a checkered pattern as shown in FIG. 1A, and liquid crystal molecules are arranged in the x and y directions as indicated by the directions of the arrows.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of the AA cross section of FIG. 1A.
- the liquid crystal molecules 100 optically function as a uniaxial refractive index ellipsoid.
- the liquid crystal molecules 100 that is, refractive index ellipsoids are arranged in the first direction which is the x direction in the first region 20.
- liquid crystal filter 10 is formed using a photopolymerizable liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal molecules 100.
- the liquid crystal filter 10 is cured by ultraviolet rays, but the liquid crystal molecules 100 are arranged and cured as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1B.
- the liquid crystal molecules 100 are arranged in parallel to the substrate surface which is the xy plane. That is, the liquid crystal molecules 100 in the first region 20 are arranged in the x direction and are substantially parallel to the substrate surface.
- the liquid crystal molecules 100 in the second region 30 are aligned in the y direction and are substantially parallel to the substrate surface. Therefore, the liquid crystal molecules 100 in the first region 20 and the liquid crystal molecules 100 in the second region 30 are orthogonal to each other in a plane parallel to the substrate surface.
- FIG. 1B the liquid crystal molecules 100 are arranged in parallel to the substrate surface which is the xy plane. That is, the liquid crystal molecules 100 in the first region 20 are arranged in the x direction and are substantially parallel to the substrate surface.
- the liquid crystal molecules 100 in the second region 30 are aligned in the y direction and are substantially parallel to the substrate surface. Therefore
- the liquid crystal molecules 100 are shown to be parallel to the substrate surface, but may be slightly inclined.
- the liquid crystal molecules 100 here have a uniaxial refractive index ellipsoidal optical anisotropy. Therefore, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 100 and the alignment direction of the refractive index ellipsoid are substantially the same.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a refractive index ellipsoid in the liquid crystal filter.
- the shape of the refractive index ellipsoid is a spheroid obtained by rotating an ellipse whose major axis direction is X and minor axis direction is Y around the x axis in the xy section.
- n1 in the x direction indicates an extraordinary refractive index
- n2 in the y direction and n2 in the z direction are ordinary refractive indexes.
- the relationship between the refractive indexes is n1> n2.
- the major axis of the refractive index ellipsoid in the first region 20 of FIG. 1B is the x direction.
- the major axis of the refractive index ellipsoid in the second region 30 is the y direction.
- FIG. 1 a case is considered in which light, which is a combination of two orthogonally polarized lights oscillating in the x direction and polarized light oscillating in the y direction, is incident from the z minus direction.
- the polarized light oscillating in the x direction acts as a diffraction grating because the refractive index is n1 in the first region 20 and n2 in the second region 30.
- the polarized light oscillating in the y direction has a refractive index of n2 in the first region 20 and a refractive index of n1 in the second region 30, and thus also functions as a diffraction grating. That is, this liquid crystal filter functions as a diffraction grating regardless of the polarization direction of incident light.
- regions having different arrangement directions of liquid crystal molecules are adjacent to each other, so that desired optical characteristics can be exhibited.
- a linear defect occurs at a boundary where the regions where the alignment directions of the liquid crystals are in contact with each other under a specific condition due to exposure wraparound in a manufacturing process described later.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 100 in the first region 20 is the x direction and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 100 in the second region 30 is y as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 1B. Since there is a direction, there is a difference of 90 ° in the arrangement direction at the boundary. When there is a difference of 90 °, a linear defect is generated on this boundary.
- Such a linear defect may be a factor of deteriorating the image quality of an optical device using a liquid crystal filter.
- This liquid crystal filter is disposed immediately in front of an image pickup device which is a CCD or CMOS sensor.
- an image pickup device which is a CCD or CMOS sensor.
- FIG. 3 is a front view of an experimental liquid crystal filter in which two regions having different liquid crystal alignment directions contact each other.
- the experiment was performed by producing a plurality of experimental filters in which the alignment directions of the liquid crystals in the A region 21 and the B region 31 are relatively different by a predetermined angle, and visually observing a linear defect generated at the boundary.
- the arrangement direction is 0 ° above the paper surface and positive in the clockwise direction.
- the experimental results are shown in Table 1.
- the first region and the second region which are greatly different in the liquid crystal alignment direction of the liquid crystal filter, are adjacent to each other, the first region, which is the alignment direction of the first region, is adjacent to the boundary from the first direction.
- the fact that the visibility of linear defects can be overcome by introducing a region in which the arrangement direction is changed stepwise or gradually in a certain second direction is derived. That is, it has been found effective to provide a buffer region at the boundary so that the arrangement direction does not change abruptly.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram illustrating a case where the linear defect is visible
- FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram illustrating a case where the linear defect is not visible.
- the first region 40 having the alignment direction of ⁇ 45 ° liquid crystal molecules and the second region 41 having the alignment direction of 45 ° liquid crystal molecules are adjacent to each other as a region exhibiting the characteristics of the liquid crystal filter. Represents the case.
- the array direction angle difference is 90 °. Therefore, from the experimental results in Table 1, a linear defect is visually recognized at the boundary.
- a buffer region 50 is provided between the first region 40 and the second region 41 as shown in FIG. 4B.
- five strip regions 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55 are moved from the first region 40 toward the second region 41, respectively, at ⁇ 30 °, ⁇ 15 °, 0 °, 15 °, and 30 °. It is provided so as to have the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules.
- the arrangement direction angle difference between adjacent regions is 15 °. This defect is not visible. As a result, no linear defect is visually recognized between the first region 40 and the second region 41.
- confirmation whether it was visually recognized in experiment was performed by the method of using two polarizing plates.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the state of the experiment.
- An experimental liquid crystal filter 501 (here, a phase difference of 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength) is sandwiched between two polarizing plates 502 and 503, light emitted from a light source 510 disposed below is allowed to pass, and an observer 511 is observed using a microscope. Observe.
- the orientation of the polarizing plate 502 and the like is considered by coordinates such that the horizontal rightward direction is positive in the 0 ° direction and clockwise when viewed from above.
- the polarizing plates 502 and 503 are both arranged in such a direction as to transmit polarized light whose vibration direction is 0 °.
- Polarized light whose vibration direction is 0 ° is incident on the experimental liquid crystal filter 501 by the polarizing plate 502 on the light source 510 side.
- the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the experimental liquid crystal filter 501 has two regions of 45 ° and ⁇ 45 °.
- the phase difference is 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength, and the light is emitted as polarized light having a vibration direction of 90 °.
- the phase difference is 1 ⁇ 2 wavelength, and the light is emitted as polarized light having a vibration direction of ⁇ 90 °.
- both the polarizing plates 502 and 503 transmit polarized light having a vibration direction of 0 °.
- the orientation of the polarizing plate is preferably set in accordance with the alignment direction of one liquid crystal molecule. With this setting, the region itself aligned with the arrangement direction is observed to be relatively dark with some color, so that the visibility can be confirmed in a state where the vicinity of the linear defect generated at the boundary is in a high contrast state.
- the width of the buffer area 50 inserted at the boundary between the first area 40 and the second area 41 may be as small as possible. That is, the first region 40 and the second region 41 exhibiting the characteristics as a liquid crystal filter are determined by design requirements, and the larger these regions, the more often the efficiency is improved.
- a measure for reducing the width of the buffer region 50 will be specifically described.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram when a strip-shaped buffer region is provided
- FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram when a continuously changing buffer region is provided
- FIG. 6C is a diagram when another continuously changing buffer region is provided. It is a schematic diagram. 6A to 6C, the front view of the liquid crystal filter is arranged in the upper figure, and the figure showing the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules corresponding to the position in the upper figure as an angle on the vertical axis is arranged in the lower figure.
- the liquid crystal filter shown in FIG. 6A has the same configuration as that of the liquid crystal filter described with reference to FIG. 4B.
- Five strip regions are provided as buffer regions 50 between the first region 40 and the second region 41, and the liquid crystal molecules
- the arrangement direction is changed stepwise from ⁇ 45 ° to 45 ° in steps of 15 °.
- the liquid crystal filter shown in FIG. 6B does not divide the area into strips, but continuously changes the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules within one buffer area 60. That is, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged along a direction continuously changing from ⁇ 45 ° to 45 ° from the boundary with the first region 40 toward the boundary with the second region 41. At this time, as shown in the lower diagram of FIG. 6B, the arrangement direction is changed in a linear shape having a constant rate of change. Since the arrangement direction continuously changes, it can be further expected that the linear defect at the boundary portion is not easily recognized. In other words, if the same visibility as the liquid crystal filter shown in FIG. 6A can be secured, the width of the buffer region 60 can be reduced accordingly. That is, in FIG. 6B, although the buffer region 60 having the same width as the buffer region 50 of FIG. 6A is illustrated, this means that this width may be narrowed.
- the liquid crystal filter shown in FIG. 6C has a direction that continuously changes from ⁇ 45 ° to 45 ° from the boundary with the first region 40 toward the boundary with the second region 41 in the same manner as the liquid crystal filter shown in FIG. 6B.
- the liquid crystal molecules are aligned along this, but the rate of change is further changed.
- the regions near ⁇ 30 ° and 30 ° have a relatively wide width with respect to the region near 0 °. That is, as shown in the lower diagram of FIG. 6C, the arrangement direction of the liquid crystal molecules is configured to change in a curve so that the rate of change increases as the distance from the boundary increases.
- the buffer region 70 is narrowed. That is, in FIG. 6C, the buffer region 70 having the same width as the buffer region 50 of FIG. 6A is illustrated, but this means that the width may be narrowed. In the case of the liquid crystal filter shown in FIG. 6A, the widths of the five strip regions may be configured so that the strip regions that are farther from the boundary are narrower.
- the region where the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules changes linearly or continuously can be substantially manufactured by, for example, setting a strip-shaped region finely and gradually changing the alignment direction of the region. A specific manufacturing method will be described below.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal filter 600 to be manufactured.
- This is a liquid crystal filter in which the arrangement direction of the left first region 601 is ⁇ 45 ° and the arrangement direction of the right second region 602 is 45 °.
- the arrangement direction is 0 ° on the top of the page and positive in the clockwise direction.
- FIG. 8A is a diagram for explaining exposure of the first region 601
- FIG. 8B is a diagram for explaining exposure of the second region 602.
- an alignment agent is applied onto the glass substrate 614 with a spin coater, and is dried appropriately to form an alignment film 613.
- the alignment film When the alignment film is exposed to polarized light, it has a regulating force with respect to the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules to be applied later in a direction parallel or orthogonal to the polarization direction.
- the alignment film 613 has a regulating force such that liquid crystals to be applied later are aligned in a direction parallel to the polarization direction.
- the alignment film is sensitive to ultraviolet rays, the exposure uses ultraviolet rays.
- the exposure is described as ultraviolet rays.
- the alignment film 613 that has been appropriately dried is exposed by a proximity method using a mask with an ultraviolet polarized light exposure machine.
- the mask is exposed to polarized light 616 having a vibration direction of 45 ° instead of the mask 615 having an opening on the right half.
- the left half surface corresponding to the first region 601 of the alignment film 613 becomes an alignment film having a regulating force in the ⁇ 45 ° direction with respect to the liquid crystal molecules
- the right half surface corresponding to the second region 602 is the right half surface.
- the alignment film has a regulating force in the 45 ° direction.
- the photopolymerizable liquid crystal composition is applied to the glass substrate 614 on which the alignment film 613 is formed with a spin coater.
- the liquid crystal molecules contained in this photopolymerizable liquid crystal composition are aligned in a predetermined direction according to the regulating force of the alignment film. That is, the left half surface corresponding to the first region 601 is arranged in the ⁇ 45 ° direction, and the right half surface corresponding to the second region 602 is arranged in the 45 ° direction.
- the liquid crystal film is cured with ultraviolet rays.
- a liquid crystal filter in which the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules is different for each region can be formed on the glass substrate 614.
- a linear defect is visually recognized at the boundary.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules of a liquid crystal filter 700 to be manufactured.
- This is a liquid crystal filter in which the arrangement direction of the left first region 701 is ⁇ 45 ° and the arrangement direction of the second region 702 on the right side is 45 °, and has a buffer region 790 at the boundary.
- the buffer region 790 is divided into strip regions 703, 704, 705, 706, and 707, and is manufactured so that the alignment of each liquid crystal molecule is ⁇ 30 °, ⁇ 15 °, 0 °, 15 °, and 30 ° in order.
- the arrangement direction is 0 ° on the top of the page and positive in the clockwise direction.
- FIG. 10A is a diagram for explaining exposure of the first region 701
- FIG. 10B is a diagram for explaining exposure of the strip region 703 adjacent to the first region 701.
- an alignment material is applied onto a glass substrate 719 with a spin coater and dried appropriately to form an alignment film 718.
- the alignment film 718 that has been appropriately dried is exposed by a proximity method using a mask with an ultraviolet polarized light exposure machine.
- FIG. 10A Exposure is performed with polarized light 717 having a vibration direction of ⁇ 45 ° using a mask 716 having an opening on the left side corresponding to the first region 701.
- the mask 716 is exposed to polarized light 721 having a vibration direction of ⁇ 30 ° instead of the mask 720 having an opening corresponding to the strip area 703 on the right side.
- exposure is performed with polarized light having a vibration direction of ⁇ 15 ° instead of the mask having an opening corresponding to the strip area 704 on the right side.
- exposure is performed with polarized light having a vibration direction of 0 ° instead of a mask having an opening corresponding to the strip area 705 on the right side.
- the photopolymerizable liquid crystal composition is applied to the glass substrate 719 on which the alignment film 718 is formed with a spin coater.
- the liquid crystal molecules contained in this photopolymerizable liquid crystal composition are aligned in a predetermined direction according to the regulating force of the alignment film. That is, they are arranged at ⁇ 45 °, ⁇ 30 °, ⁇ 15 °, 0 °, 15 °, 30 °, and 45 ° from the first region 701 toward the second region 702 across the buffer region 790.
- the liquid crystal film is cured with ultraviolet rays.
- liquid crystal filters having different alignment directions of liquid crystal molecules for each region can be formed on the glass substrate 719. In this example, for the seven regions including the first region 701 and the second region 702, the array direction angle difference between adjacent regions is 15 °. This defect is not visible.
- FIG. 11 is a configuration diagram of an optical low-pass filter in which the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules is changed stepwise.
- an optical low-pass filter is used in an imaging apparatus such as a digital camera, a lattice pattern in which two types of rectangular regions having different liquid crystal molecule arrangement directions are alternately arranged two-dimensionally in accordance with the pixel arrangement of the imaging element It becomes.
- the pixels of the image sensor are square pixels, the rectangular area is a checkered pattern that is a square area.
- the checkered pattern of the liquid crystal filter is arranged in a direction rotated by 45 ° as illustrated.
- the alignment directions of the respective liquid crystal molecules are ⁇ 45 ° and 45 °.
- the length of one side of the square region is approximately 1 mm or less.
- the buffer region described as a strip shape in the above description is developed two-dimensionally. Specifically, a plurality of square-shaped small regions are provided in a nested manner as buffer regions, and the arrangement direction angle difference between adjacent regions in each small region is set to 15 ° or less. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, a small region 802 of ⁇ 30 ° and a small region 803 of ⁇ 15 ° are provided in order from the boundary of the first region 801 of ⁇ 45 °, and the boundary of the second region 807 of 45 ° A small region 806 of 30 ° and a small region 805 of 15 ° are provided in order.
- a small region 804 of 0 ° is provided so as to be in contact with each of the small region 803 and the small region 805.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of an optical low-pass filter in which the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules is continuously changed.
- the ⁇ 45 ° first region 901 and the 45 ° second region 903 are arranged in the same manner as the ⁇ 45 ° first region 801 and the 45 ° second region 807 of FIG.
- a buffer region 902 is provided between the first region 901 and the second region 903, and the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecules continuously changes from ⁇ 45 ° to 45 ° in this region. Even with this configuration, a linear defect is not visually recognized at the boundary between the first region 901 at ⁇ 45 ° and the second region 903 at 45 °.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a liquid crystal stereoscopic image display device.
- phase difference plate 1002 having a horizontal band-like region on the front surface of the liquid crystal display panel 1000, and an observer can observe a three-dimensional image by wearing glasses 1005 with a polarizing plate.
- a right-eye image and a left-eye image are output from the liquid crystal display panel 1000, and a right-eye image is transmitted to the right eye and a left-eye image is transmitted to the left eye by the phase difference plate 1002 and the glasses 1005.
- the retardation film 1002 is composed of the liquid crystal filter described above.
- the phase difference plate 1002 has a band-like region extending in the horizontal direction, and the width thereof is the same as the vertical length of the pixel 1001. Further, for each strip region, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the odd strip region 1003 from the top is ⁇ 22.5 °. Further, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the even-numbered band-like region 1004 from the top is 22.5 °.
- the right direction in the horizontal direction of the screen is 0 °, and the clockwise direction is the positive direction.
- the phase difference plate 1002 is brought into close contact with or close to the liquid crystal display panel 1000. At this time, the band-like regions 1003 and 1004 of the retardation plate 1002 and the horizontal row of the pixels 1001 of the liquid crystal display panel 1000 are aligned so as to overlap each other.
- Spectacles 1005 are constituted by polarizing plates.
- a polarizing plate 1006 that transmits polarized light oscillating in the ⁇ 45 ° direction is attached to the right eye side.
- a polarizing plate 1007 that transmits polarized light that vibrates in the 45 ° direction is attached to the left eye side.
- pixels are divided into two groups in order to display two images for both eyes.
- Each is a group of pixels that display a right-eye video and a group of pixels that displays a left-eye video.
- the pixels 1001 are arranged in a grid pattern, and two groups are formed by odd-numbered rows and even-numbered rows from the top, with one horizontal row as a minimum unit.
- the odd-numbered row group displays a right-eye image
- the even-numbered row group displays a left-eye image.
- the first, third, and fifth rows from the top display right-eye images, and the second, fourth, and sixth rows from the top represent left-eye images. Display video.
- the odd-numbered rows of the pixels 1001 display the right-eye video
- the even-numbered rows display the left-eye video.
- polarized light in the 0 ° direction whose vibration direction is rightward in the horizontal direction is emitted as image light. Since the row of pixels of the liquid crystal display panel 1000 and the band-like region extending in the horizontal direction of the phase difference plate 1002 are aligned, the image light emitted from the row of odd-numbered pixels is incident on the corresponding odd-numbered belt-like region 1003. To do. Similarly, the image light emitted from the even-numbered pixel rows enters the corresponding even-numbered strip-shaped region 1004.
- the vibration direction of the polarized light emitted from the liquid crystal display panel 1000 is set to 0 °.
- the vibration direction rotates in each direction.
- the right-eye image light emitted from the odd-numbered pixel rows and having the vibration direction of 0 ° passes through the odd-numbered band-like region 1003 in which the arrangement direction of the phase difference plates 1002 is ⁇ 22.5 °, and the vibration direction is ⁇ Rotate to 45 ° and head towards the observer.
- the right-eye image light having the vibration direction of ⁇ 45 ° is transmitted through the right-eye polarizing plate 1006 but is not transmitted through the left-eye polarizing plate 1007.
- the left-eye image light having a vibration direction of 0 ° emitted from the even-numbered pixel rows passes through the even-numbered band-like region 1004 in which the arrangement direction of the phase difference plates 1002 is 22.5 °, and the vibration direction thereof. Is rotated 45 ° toward the viewer.
- This left-eye image light having a vibration direction of 45 ° is transmitted through the polarizing plate 1007 on the left eye side, but not transmitted through the polarizing plate 1006 on the right eye side. Therefore, the right eye image light is transmitted to the right eye, and the left eye image light is transmitted to the left eye, so that the observer can observe the image stereoscopically.
- phase difference plate 1002 since the alignment directions of the liquid crystals in the adjacent regions are -22.5 ° and 22.5 °, the alignment direction difference is 45 °. It can be seen that a linear defect is visible. This is not preferable in terms of display quality.
- FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of a retardation plate in which the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules is changed stepwise. Between the first region 1100 having an arrangement direction of -22.5 ° and the second region 1103 having an arrangement direction of 22.5 °, the small regions 1101 and 7.5 having an arrangement direction of -7.5 ° Small regions 1102 having an arrangement direction of ° are arranged side by side. By arranging in this way, the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in adjacent regions is 15 ° or less, so that the small regions 1101 and 1102 function as buffer regions, and the first regions 1100 and 22. A linear defect is not visible at the boundary of the second region 1103 of 5 °.
- FIG. 15 is a configuration diagram of a retardation plate in which the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules is continuously changed.
- Buffer regions 1201 and 1203 are provided between the first region 1200 having an alignment direction of ⁇ 22.5 ° and the second region 1202 having an alignment direction of 22.5 °, and in this region, liquid crystal molecules
- the arrangement is configured to continuously change from ⁇ 22.5 ° to 22.5 °, or from 22.5 ° to ⁇ 22.5. Even with this configuration, a linear defect is not visually recognized at the boundary between the first region 1200 of ⁇ 22.5 ° and the second region 1202 of 22.5 °.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 第1方向に沿って配列された液晶を備える第1領域と、
前記第1方向とは異なる第2方向に沿って配列された液晶を備える第2領域と、
前記第1領域と前記第2領域との間に設けられ、前記第1方向と前記第2方向の中間の方向に沿って配列された液晶を備える緩衝領域と
を有する液晶フィルタ。 - 前記緩衝領域の液晶は、前記第1領域との境界から前記第2領域との境界に向かって、前記第1方向から前記第2方向に連続的に変化する方向に沿って配列される請求項1に記載の液晶フィルタ。
- 前記変化の変化率は、一定ではない請求項2に記載の液晶フィルタ。
- 前記緩衝領域は、前記第1領域と前記第2領域との間に複数の小領域に分割して設けられ、前記緩衝領域の液晶は、前記第1領域から前記第2領域に向かって、それぞれの小領域ごとに前記第1方向から前記第2方向に徐々に変化させて定められる方向に沿って配列される請求項1に記載の液晶フィルタ。
- 前記小領域の隣り合う小領域間における液晶の配列方向の差は、15°以下である請求項4に記載の液晶フィルタ。
- 前記複数の小領域のそれぞれの、前記第1領域から前記第2領域に向かう方向である幅は、一定ではない請求項4または請求項5に記載の液晶フィルタ。
- 前記第1領域と前記第2領域は、前記液晶フィルタ上に短冊状に複数設けられる請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶フィルタ。
- 前記第1領域と前記第2領域は、前記液晶フィルタ上に格子状に複数設けられる請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の液晶フィルタ。
- 前記第1方向と前記第2方向は、互いに直交する請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶フィルタ。
- 請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の液晶フィルタである位相差板。
- 請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の液晶フィルタである光学ローパスフィルタ。
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PCT/JP2008/073257 WO2010070772A1 (ja) | 2008-12-19 | 2008-12-19 | 液晶フィルタ、位相差板及び光学ローパスフィルタ |
CN2008801321229A CN102227672A (zh) | 2008-12-19 | 2008-12-19 | 液晶滤波器,相位差板及光学低通滤波器 |
US13/162,556 US20110242478A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2011-06-16 | Liquid crystal filter, retardation film, and optical low-pass filter |
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US20110242478A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
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