WO2010054518A1 - 空气混合动力机动车 - Google Patents

空气混合动力机动车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010054518A1
WO2010054518A1 PCT/CN2008/073137 CN2008073137W WO2010054518A1 WO 2010054518 A1 WO2010054518 A1 WO 2010054518A1 CN 2008073137 W CN2008073137 W CN 2008073137W WO 2010054518 A1 WO2010054518 A1 WO 2010054518A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
valve
exhaust
guide post
controller
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2008/073137
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周登荣
朱仕亮
Original Assignee
Zhou Dengrong
Zhu Shiliang
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhou Dengrong, Zhu Shiliang filed Critical Zhou Dengrong
Publication of WO2010054518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010054518A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/10—Auxiliary drives directly from oscillating movements due to vehicle running motion, e.g. suspension movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/007—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with means for converting solar radiation into useful energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/32—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on moving objects, e.g. vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60K2016/006—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind wind power driven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W50/00—Details of control systems for road vehicle drive control not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. process diagnostic or vehicle driver interfaces
    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
    • B60W50/14—Means for informing the driver, warning the driver or prompting a driver intervention
    • B60W2050/146—Display means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/15—Pneumatic energy storages, e.g. pressure air tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/94—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a movable wheeled structure
    • F05B2240/941—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a movable wheeled structure which is a land vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/90—Energy harvesting concepts as power supply for auxiliaries' energy consumption, e.g. photovoltaic sun-roof

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of hybrid vehicle manufacturing, and in particular relates to an air hybrid vehicle. Background technique
  • the invention of electric vehicles has brought a glimmer of light to solve this problem, but the storage capacity of the battery is not large enough, the charging time is too long, after one charge. Problems such as limited driving range limit the widespread use of electric vehicles in the current stage. At the same time, the charging process consumes other energy sources. In addition, there are certain environmental pollutions in the manufacture and recycling of electric vehicle batteries, which restricts the development of electric vehicles. Biotechnology decomposes seawater to obtain hydrogen, and hydrogen as a fuel to drive motor vehicles. The pollution is small. Although the resources are sufficient, the cost of this technology is large. Moreover, many technical problems have not been overcome and it is difficult to promote.
  • the environmentally-friendly aerodynamic vehicle system that uses the compressed air as the energy carrier drives the vehicle. It has two outstanding advantages: First, the exhaust emissions are close to zero pollution, because the air undergoes compression, expansion, and discharge. No contaminants appeared. Second, the collection is convenient, the cost is low, and the energy conversion efficiency is high. There is no "phase change" change in the compressed air during the work, so there is no phase change energy loss.
  • the heart of an aerodynamic vehicle is the source of air and heat. According to the principle of energy balance, the gas is exothermic when compressed. Conversely, the gas is an endothermic process when it expands. Therefore, in order to successfully develop an aerodynamic vehicle, it is necessary to solve two problems of heat source and gas source. At present, an aerodynamic vehicle is disclosed. Patent application No.
  • the present invention provides an aerodynamic power and multipath in order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.
  • Energy recovery and utilization that is, an air hybrid vehicle that integrates wind power generation, solar power generation, and the use of the vehicle's own gravity to collect compressed air as a whole, and has high energy conversion efficiency and exhaust emissions close to zero pollution.
  • An air hybrid vehicle comprising a steering wheel, a front axle frame, a rear axle frame, a girders connecting the front bridge rear axle frame, a vehicle body, a front axle frame and a rear axle frame connected by a transmission shaft, an energy recovery device, an energy storage device, and a power drive device
  • the energy recovery device comprises an electric energy recovery device and a compressed air recovery device
  • the electric energy recovery device comprises an impeller generator, a hub power generation device and a solar power generation device, and the impeller generates electricity
  • the machine is mounted on the vehicle body, the hub power generating device is installed on the inner side of the hub, the solar power generating device is installed on the top of the vehicle body, the impeller generator, the hub power generating device and the solar power generating device are respectively connected to the charging distributor, and the charging distributor is connected to the frequency converter;
  • the air recovery device comprises a gravity pressure device, the gravity pressure device is mounted on a suspension device inside the hub, the upper end of the
  • the energy storage device comprises a compressed air storage tank and a storage battery.
  • the compressed air storage tank comprises a main storage tank and an auxiliary storage tank, and the main storage tank and the auxiliary storage tank are respectively connected with an automatic intake valve, and the automatic inlet is automatically
  • the gas valve is connected to the constant pressure chamber;
  • the main gas storage tank is equipped with a safety valve, a pressure gauge, an air outlet valve, a gas filling valve,
  • the auxiliary gas storage tank is equipped with a safety valve, an air outlet valve, and the outlet valve is connected to the automatic pressure inlet valve of the constant pressure chamber.
  • the charging distributor is connected to the storage battery through a frequency converter, and the auxiliary gas storage tank is connected to the gravity pressure collecting device;
  • the energy storage device is connected to the power driving device,
  • the power driving device includes an aerodynamic engine, an electric motor; an aerodynamic engine, The output end of the motor is connected to the hub through a clutch, a gearbox and a transmission shaft, the gearbox is connected to the shifting device, and the aerodynamic engine is connected to the exhaust pipe through an exhaust pipe;
  • the power driving device is connected to the control device, and the control device includes a starting main a controller, a gas switch, a gas and electricity start controller, an automatic controller, and a brake, wherein the starter controller inputs are respectively Connect the constant pressure chamber, the storage battery, start the output of the main controller to connect the gas-electric starting controller, the gas-electric starting controller is connected to the automatic controller, the automatic controller is connected to the gas-electric switch, and the brake is connected to the brake boosting oil-distributing pump
  • the brake boosting oil splitting pump is connected to the open
  • the brake boosting oil splitting pump is respectively connected to the brake caliper for controlling the brake disc through the oil pipe, and the output of the open circuit resetter is respectively connected to the air pressure distribution room.
  • the electric motor, the air pressure distribution chamber is connected to the aerodynamic engine, and the control device is connected to the auxiliary device, and the auxiliary device comprises a lighting device, a speaker, an air conditioner, a display instrument, a lighting device and a display instrument respectively connected to the storage battery.
  • the present invention can also adopt the following technical measures:
  • the impeller generator is distributed in the middle of the vehicle head, on both sides of the vehicle body, and on the rear side of the vehicle body.
  • Each of the impeller generators is provided with a foldable windshield on the outer side, and the windshield is connected to the driving motor to drive Motor connection controller, controller Connect the battery, the contactor provided at the lower end of the brake and the contactor provided at the neutral position of the shifting device.
  • the impeller generator includes a fairing and a fan impeller, and the fan impeller is connected to the generator, and the impeller generator is connected to the charging distributor through a wire.
  • the hub power generating device mounted on the inner side of the hub comprises a generator casing mounted on a vehicle body, a stator and a rotor made of permanent magnets are mounted in the generator casing, and the rotor is set on the transmission shaft, and the rotor shaft is driven at one end.
  • a hydraulic clutch is mounted thereon, and the hydraulic clutch is connected to the booster oil distribution pump, and the generator is connected to the charging distributor through a wire.
  • the gravity pressure collecting device mounted on the suspension device inside the hub includes a guiding column having a piston function on a suspension bracket on the inner side of the wheel hub of the automobile, the outer circumference of the guiding column is provided with a cylinder sleeve, and the outer circumferential wall of the guiding column is arranged There is a ring groove, a piston ring is arranged in the groove, an air inlet port and an air outlet port are arranged at the upper end of the cylinder sleeve, and an intake valve and an air outlet valve are respectively arranged on the air inlet port and the air outlet port, and the air inlet port is open to the outside atmosphere.
  • the air outlet is connected to the auxiliary gas storage tank, and the cylinder sleeve is connected with the vehicle body through a fastener, a positioning ring is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the cylinder sleeve, and a damping spring is arranged on the outer circumferential wall of the lower end of the positioning ring.
  • the constant pressure chamber is provided with an electric heater, the electric heater is connected to the electric heating automatic controller, the constant pressure chamber is provided with a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is connected with the electric heating automatic controller, and the electric heating automatic controller is connected to the storage battery.
  • the aerodynamic engine comprises a cylinder bed, a piston, a camshaft and a crankshaft.
  • the cylinder bed is provided with a plurality of cylinders, each of which is provided with an intake valve and an exhaust valve, and the intake valve is connected with an intake pipe and an exhaust valve connection row.
  • the air pipe, the exhaust pipe of each cylinder is connected to the exhaust chamber through an exhaust manifold, and at least one impeller generator is arranged in the exhaust chamber, and the output end of the impeller generator is connected to the storage battery through a charging distributor and a frequency converter, each of which An intake control device is arranged at the intake valve of the cylinder, and an upper end of the intake control device is provided with a camshaft for controlling the opening and closing of the intake valve, and an exhaust control device is arranged at the exhaust valve of each cylinder, and the upper end of the exhaust control device a camshaft for controlling opening and closing of the exhaust valve is provided.
  • the camshaft is mounted on the cylinder bed through a support frame.
  • One end of the camshaft is provided with a sprocket, and the piston is connected to the crankshaft through a connecting rod, corresponding to the position of the sprocket on the camshaft.
  • a sprocket is provided on the crankshaft, and the sprocket is connected to the sprocket on the camshaft through a chain.
  • a speed sensor is arranged at one end of the engine crankshaft, and the speed sensor is connected to a hydraulic pump disposed on the cylinder bed, and the hydraulic pump is connected to the intake valve of the constant pressure chamber.
  • the air intake control device comprises a base, the base is provided with a guide post, the guide post is provided with a return spring, and the upper end of the return spring is provided with a spring gland fixed on the guide post, the upper end of the guide post and the cam of the camshaft Tangent, the lower end of the guide post is connected to the cylinder intake valve.
  • the exhaust control device comprises a base, the base is provided with a guide post, and the guide post is provided with a return spring, and the upper end of the return spring is provided with a spring gland fixed on the guide post, and the upper end of the guide post and the cam of the camshaft are Cut, the lower end of the guide post is connected to the cylinder exhaust valve.
  • the present invention includes an energy recovery device, an energy storage device, The power driving device, the control device, the shifting device and the auxiliary device
  • the energy recovery device comprises an electric energy recovery device and a compressed air recovery device
  • the electric energy recovery device comprises an impeller generator, a hub power generation device and a solar power generation device
  • the compressed air recovery device The device comprises a gravity pressure collecting device
  • the energy storage device comprises a compressed air storage tank, a storage battery, an energy recovery device connected to the energy storage device, an energy storage device connected to the power driving device, and the control device respectively controlling the energy recovery device and the power driving device And auxiliary equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a power system of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the gas path structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the hydraulic brake structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of a fan type impeller generator in the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a drum type impeller generator in the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic structural view of a hub power generating device of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic structural view of an aerodynamic engine
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of a single cylinder structure
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of the gravity pressure collecting device.
  • an air hybrid vehicle includes a steering wheel 36, a front axle frame 1, a rear axle frame 2, a girder 3 connecting the front bridge rear axle frame, a vehicle body 5, a front axle frame 1 and a rear axle frame 2 passing through a transmission shaft. 4 connected hub 6, energy recovery device, energy storage device, power drive device, control device, shift device 7 and auxiliary device 8.
  • the energy recovery device includes an electric energy recovery device and a compressed air recovery device; wherein the electric energy recovery device includes an impeller generator 9, a hub power generation device 10, and a solar power generation device 11, and the compressed air recovery device includes a gravity pressure recovery device 15;
  • the storage device comprises a compressed air storage tank, a storage battery 14, an energy recovery device connected to the energy storage device, an energy storage device connected to the power drive device, and the control device respectively controlling the energy recovery device and the power drive device and the auxiliary device.
  • the power drive of the invention is mainly powered by compressed air.
  • the compressed air is collected by the gravity pressure collecting device 15 as a supplement to the total power of the air;
  • the motor vehicle reduces the large resistance when driving, and the impeller generator 9 and the hub power generating device 10 do not work when the vehicle is running.
  • the impeller generator is turned on by the control device.
  • the hub power unit 10 generates power while increasing the resistance, causing the speed of the vehicle to drop, ensuring safety during braking, cornering, and downhill.
  • Solar power plants pass light and heat Collect energy and replenish the electricity stored in the battery.
  • the impeller generator 9 comprises two structural forms, a fan type impeller and a motor, the impeller generator is installed at the middle net, please refer to FIG. 6; the other is a drum type impeller generator, please refer to FIG.
  • the impeller generator is installed on both sides and the rear side of the vehicle body.
  • each impeller generator is provided with a foldable windshield 9-1, the windshield is connected to the driving motor 9-2, and the driving motor is connected to the controller 9- 2-1, the controller is respectively connected to the storage battery 14, the lower end of the brake 25 and the contactor provided at the neutral position of the shifting device 7,
  • the impeller generator includes a fairing 9-3, a fan impeller 9-4, and the fan impeller is connected to the generator 9-5
  • the impeller generator 9 is connected to the charging distributor 12 through a wire, and is sent by the charging distributor to the frequency converter 13 through a wire, and the battery 14 is centrally charged by the frequency conversion, constant voltage, and rectification of the frequency converter; the hub power generating device 10 is installed.
  • the hub 6 please refer to Fig.
  • a generator casing 10-1 installed on a vehicle body
  • a stator 10-3 and a rotor 10-2 installed in the generator casing
  • a permanent magnet is used for both the rotor and the stator.
  • the rotor is sleeved on the drive shaft 4
  • the hydraulic clutch 10-4 is mounted on the drive shaft 4 of the rotor.
  • the hydraulic clutch is connected to the booster oil pump 26, and the generator is connected to the charge distributor 12 through a wire.
  • the hydraulic clutch pump 10-4 When the vehicle brakes, turns, goes downhill, and slides in neutral, the hydraulic clutch pump 10-4 is activated by the control device, and the hydraulic clutch pump causes the transmission shaft 4 to rotate the rotor 10-2 together, at this time, the rotor 10 and the stator 10-3
  • the cutting magnetic field movement generates electric energy, and the electric energy still needs the distribution of the charging distributor 12, the frequency conversion of the frequency converter, the constant voltage, and the rectification to finally charge the storage battery; in addition, the solar power generation device 11 is installed on the top of the vehicle body, and the solar power generation technology At present, it is relatively mature.
  • a solar panel 11-1 is arranged on the roof of the motor vehicle. The charging electric shock of the solar panel is connected to the charging distributor 12 through a wire.
  • the collected electric energy is also distributed through the charging distributor 12, and the frequency converter 13
  • the frequency conversion, constant voltage, and rectification finally charge the battery 14 .
  • the power recovery device fully collects the energy that the vehicle can collect when the vehicle brakes, turns, goes downhill, and slides in neutral. All charging distributors 12 are connected to the storage battery 14 via the frequency converter 13.
  • the compressed air recovery device in the energy recovery device comprises a gravity pressure recovery device 15, please refer to Figure 11, the gravity pressure recovery device is mounted on the suspension device 33 inside the hub (the suspension device is a relatively mature technology in the motor vehicle industry, here) Without detailed description), the upper end of the suspension device is connected to the vehicle body, and the upper end of the gravity pressure collecting device 15 is connected with the vehicle body; the gravity pressure collecting device comprises a guiding column 15-1 with a piston function on the inner transmission shaft of the inner hub of the motor vehicle. The outer circumference of the guiding column is provided with a cylinder sleeve 15-2.
  • the outer circumferential wall of the guiding column is provided with an annular groove, the piston ring 15-3 is arranged therein, and the upper end of the cylinder sleeve is provided with an air inlet 15-4 and
  • the air port 15-6, the air inlet port and the air outlet port are respectively provided with an intake valve 15-5 and an air outlet valve 15-7, the air inlet port is open to the outside atmosphere, and the air outlet port is connected with the auxiliary gas storage tank 17,
  • the cylinder sleeve 15- 2 is connected to the vehicle body by fasteners, the positioning ring 15-8 on the outer circumferential wall of the cylinder sleeve 15-2, and the outer circumferential wall of the lower end of the positioning ring is provided with a shock absorbing spring 15-9, and the motor vehicle is driven due to the road surface Unevenness, braking and inertia of driving will make the motor vehicle Undulations, when the up and down will have a greater force, this force of gravity lead collector voltage apparatus Mining Compressed air.
  • the compressed air storage tank comprises a main gas storage tank 16 and an auxiliary gas storage tank 17, an automatic intake valve 18-1 connected to the main gas storage tank and the auxiliary gas storage tank through an air guiding pipe, and an automatic intake valve connected to the constant pressure In the chamber 18, the main gas storage tank 16 is provided with a safety valve 16-1, a pressure gauge 16-2, an outlet valve 16-3, and a gas filling valve 16-4.
  • the constant pressure chamber 18 There is also an electric heater 18-2, an electric heater connected to the electric heating automatic controller 18-3, a constant pressure chamber 18 provided with a pressure sensor 18-4, a pressure sensor connected to the electric heating automatic controller 18-3, electric heating
  • the automatic controller is connected to the storage battery 14; when the pressure of the main storage tank reaches the value set by the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor 18-4 transmits the signal to the electric heating automatic controller 18-3, and the electric heating automatic controller obtains the signal and controls
  • the battery 14 stops supplying power to the electric heater and stops heating; when the pressure value in the main gas storage tank 16 is lower than the pressure value set by the pressure sensor 18-4, the pressure sensor will feed the electric heating automatic controller 18-3 signal.
  • Electric heating automatic controller will control the storage battery to power
  • the heater is powered to start heating.
  • the structure utilizes the thermal expansion and contraction characteristics of the air to heat the air in the main gas storage tank, and the pressure value of the air rises in the closed main gas storage tank as the air temperature increases, reaching the constant pressure chamber. After the pressure range is received, the pressurized air is released, and the pressurized air will drive the aerodynamic engine to work, thereby obtaining power, which can directly drive the air hybrid vehicle to drive, or can be used as a supplemental power for the motor vehicle's own power generation device to obtain energy.
  • the auxiliary gas storage tank 17 is provided with a safety valve 17-1 and an outlet valve 17-2, and the outlet valve is connected to the automatic intake valve 18-1 of the constant pressure chamber 18.
  • the power storage device connected to the energy storage device includes an aerodynamic engine 20 and an electric motor 21; the output of the aerodynamic engine 20 and the electric motor 21 is connected through a clutch 31, a transmission 32, and a transmission shaft 4.
  • the hub 6, the aerodynamic engine 20 is connected to the exhaust cylinder 35 through an exhaust pipe 34; the aerodynamic engine includes a cylinder bed 20-1, a piston 20-3, a camshaft 20-4, a crankshaft 20-5, and a number of cylinder beds
  • Each cylinder 20-2 is provided with an intake valve 20-2-1 and an exhaust valve 20-2-2 on each cylinder, and an intake valve 20-2-1 is connected to the intake pipe 20-2-3, exhausting
  • the door 20-2-2 is connected to the exhaust pipe 20-2-4, and the exhaust pipe 20-2-4 of each cylinder is connected to the exhaust chamber 20-2-6 through the exhaust manifold 20-2-5, and the exhaust chamber
  • At least one impeller generator 20-2-7 is provided, the impeller generator is connected to the storage battery 14, and the impeller generator 20-2-7 is provided
  • the intake valve 20-2-1 of each cylinder is provided with an intake control device 20-2-8, and the upper end of the intake control device is provided with a camshaft 20-4 for controlling opening and closing of the intake valve.
  • Intake control unit 20-2-8 includes base 20-2-81, the base is provided with a guide post 20-2-82, the guide post is provided with a return spring 20-2-83, and the upper end of the return spring is provided with a spring gland 20-2- fixed on the guide post 84.
  • the upper end of the guide post is tangent to the cam 20-4-2 of the camshaft 20-4, and the lower end of the guide post 20-2-82 is connected to the cylinder intake valve 20-2-1.
  • An exhaust control device 20-2-9 is disposed at an exhaust valve of each cylinder, and an upper end of the exhaust control device is provided with a camshaft 20-4 that controls opening and closing of the exhaust valve 20-2-2, and the exhaust control
  • the device comprises a base 20-2-91, a guide post 20-2-92 is arranged on the base, a return spring 20-2-93 is arranged on the guide post, and a spring gland 20 fixed on the guide post is arranged on the upper end of the return spring.
  • the upper end of the guide post 20-2-92 is tangent to the cam 20-4-2 of the cam shaft 20-4, and the lower end of the guide post is connected to the cylinder exhaust valve 20-2-2.
  • the camshaft 20-4 is mounted on the cylinder bed 20-1 through a support frame. One end of the camshaft 20-4 is provided with a sprocket 20-4-1, and the piston 20-3 is connected to the crankshaft 20-5 through a connecting rod 20-6. a sprocket 20-5-1 is disposed on the crankshaft 20-5 at a position corresponding to the sprocket 20-4-1 on the camshaft, and the sprocket is coupled to the sprocket 20 on the camshaft 20-4 via the chain 20-7. -4-1. This ensures the coordination and stability of the entire work.
  • the engine crankshaft 20-5 is provided with a speed sensor 20-8, and the speed sensor is connected to a hydraulic pump 20-9 disposed on the cylinder bed, and the hydraulic pump is connected to the automatic intake valve 18-1 of the constant pressure chamber.
  • the magnitude of the opening of the automatic intake valve 18-1 is controlled by the rotational speed of the engine crankshaft 20-5.
  • the power driving device is connected to a control device, and the control device includes a starting main controller 22 , a gas electric switch 23 , a gas electric starting controller 24 , an automatic controller 28 , and a brake 25 .
  • the input end of the start main controller 22 is respectively connected to the constant pressure chamber 18 and the storage battery 14, the output end of the start main controller 22 is connected to the gas electric start controller 24, and the gas electric start controller 24 is connected to the automatic controller 28, the automatic controller
  • the gas switch 23 is connected, the brake 25 is connected to the brake boosting oil separator 26, the brake boosting oil splitting pump is connected to the open circuit resetter 27 through the oil pipe, the open circuit resetter is connected to the automatic controller 28, and the brake boosting oil separation pump is respectively connected through the oil pipe
  • the brake caliper 30 of the brake disc 29 is controlled, and the output of the automatic controller 28 is connected to the air pressure distribution chamber 19 and the electric motor 21, respectively, and the air pressure distribution chamber 19 is connected to the aerodynamic engine 20.

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Description

空气混合动力机动车
技术领域
本发明属于混合动力机动车制造领域， 特别是涉及一种空气混合动力机动车。 背景技术
机动车发明和出现， 给人们物质文化生活带来巨变， 推动了整个社会经济繁荣， 它 已成为国民经济支柱产业。现有机动车一般采用汽油或柴油（统称燃油）为燃料， 以燃 油燃烧释放的能量作为动力来驱动机动车前进。燃油燃烧后的大量排放物造成大气的严 重污染， 已成为全人类所面临和解决的问题。 同时， 燃油资源是有限的和不可再生的， 在不远的将来， 燃油就会耗尽。多少年来人们进行了不断的有益探索， 当前世界各国竞 相研发电动机动车， 电动机动车的发明为解决这一问题带来了一线曙光，但是其蓄电池 的蓄电量不够大、充电时间过长、一次充电后行驶量程有限等问题限制了电动机动车在 现阶段中的广泛使用， 同时充电过程也是消耗其他能源，另外电动车电瓶制造和回收存 在一定的环境污染， 制约了电动机动车的发展。 以生物技术分解海水获得氢气， 以氢气 作为燃料驱动机动车， 污染较小， 虽资源充足， 但这一技术成本较大， 况且仍有许多技 术难题未能克服， 不易推广。
应时而生的环保型的空气动力机动车系利用压缩空气作为能量载体，驱动车辆，它 有两个突出优点： 第一， 尾气排放接近于零污染， 因为空气经过压缩、 膨胀作功， 排放 的过程没有污染物出现。 第二， 采集方便， 成本低， 且能量转化效率高。 压缩空气在作 功过程中， 没有"相变"变化， 因而没有相变能量损失。 空气动力机动车的心脏就是气 源和热源， 根据能量平衡原理， 气体在压缩时是放热过程。 反之， 气体在膨胀时是吸热 过程。 因此， 要空气动力机动车开发成功， 就必须解决热源和气源两个问题。 目前公开 一种空气动力汽车， 专利申请号 991 1 1828.6和一种空气动力汽车 00131220.0 均未涉 及到膨胀作功时吸热降温的问题， 上述两种空气动力汽车， 能源单一， 另外造成能源的 浪费。专利申请号 021 1 1984 . 8 和 021 1 1983 . X用气动一燃油 I燃气混合动力解决膨 胀吸热问题， 无形中增加技术复杂性， 自重增加、 体积增大、 空间减少、 能耗增加等， 显示不出气动机动车的优越性。 发明内容
本发明为解决公知技术中存在的技术问题而提供一种以空气动力为主动力，且多路 能源回收和利用， 即集风力发电、太阳能发电和利用机动车自身重力收集压缩空气做功 为一体， 且能量转化效率高、 尾气排放接近于零污染的空气混合动力机动车。
本发明为解决公知技术中存在的技术问题所采取的技术方案是：
一种空气混合动力机动车， 包括方向盘、 前桥架、后桥架、 连接前桥架后桥架的大 梁、 车体、 前桥架和后桥架通过传动轴连接的轮毂、 能量回收装置、 能量储存装置、 动 力驱动装置、控制装置、 换档装置及辅助装置， 其特征在于： 所述的能量回收装置包括 电能回收装置、压缩空气回收装置； 其中电能回收装置包括叶轮发电机、轮毂发电装置 以及太阳能发电装置， 叶轮发电机安装在车体上， 轮毂发电装置安装在轮毂内侧， 太阳 能发电装置安装在车体的顶部， 叶轮发电机、轮毂发电装置以及太阳能发电装置分别连 接充电分配器， 充电分配器连接变频器； 压缩空气回收装置包括重力采压装置， 重力采 压装置安装在轮毂内侧的悬挂装置上，悬挂装置上端连接车体，重力采压装置的上端与 车体连接；所述能量回收装置连接能量储存装置，所述能量储存装置包括压缩空气储气 罐、蓄电瓶， 所述压缩空气储气罐包括主储气罐和辅储气罐， 主储气罐和辅储气罐分别 连接自动进气阀， 自动进气阀连接恒压室；主储气罐上安装有安全阀、压力表、出气阀、 加气阀， 辅储气罐安装有安全阀、 出气阀， 出气阀连接恒压室的自动进气阀； 所述充电 分配器通过变频器连接蓄电瓶，辅储气罐与重力采压装置连接；所述能量储存装置连接 动力驱动装置， 所述动力驱动装置包括空气动力发动机、 电动机； 空气动力发动机、 电 动机的输出端通过离合器、变速箱、传动轴连接轮毂， 变速箱连接换挡装置， 空气动力 发动机通过排气管连接排气筒；所述动力驱动装置连接控制装置，所述控制装置包括启 动主控器、 气电切换器、 气电启动控制器、 自动控制器、 制动器， 所述启动主控器输入 端分别连接恒压室、蓄电瓶， 启动主控器的输出端连接气电启动控制器， 气电启动控制 器连接自动控制器， 自动控制器连接气电切换器， 所述制动器连接制动助力分油泵， 制 动助力分油泵通过油管连接断路复位器，断路复位器连接自动控制器，制动助力分油泵 通过油管分别连接控制刹车碟片的刹车钳， 断路复位器输出端分别连接空气压力分配 室、 电动机， 空气压力分配室连接空气动力发动机， 所述控制装置连接辅助装置， 所述 辅助装置包括照明装置、 扬声器、 空调、 显示仪表， 照明装置、 显示仪表分别连接蓄电 瓶。
本发明还可以采用如下技术措施：
所述的叶轮发电机分布在车头中网处、车体的两侧以及车体的后侧，每个叶轮发电 机的外侧均设有可折叠的挡风罩， 挡风罩连接驱动电机， 驱动电机连接控制器， 控制器 分别连接蓄电瓶、制动器下端设置的接触器和换挡装置的空挡位处设置的接触器， 叶轮 发电机包括整流罩、风扇叶轮， 风扇叶轮连接发电机， 叶轮发电机通过导线连接充电分 配器。
所述安装在轮毂内侧的轮毂发电装置包括安装在机动车车体上的发电机外壳，发电 机外壳内安装用永磁体制成的定子和转子，转子套装在传动轴上，转子的一端传动轴上 安装有液压离合器， 液压离合器连接助力分油泵， 发电机通过导线连接充电分配器。
所述安装在轮毂内侧的悬挂装置上的重力采压装置包括位于机动车轮毂内侧悬挂 支架上设有具有活塞作用的导向柱，导向柱的外圆周套装有缸套，导向柱外圆周壁上设 有环形凹槽， 凹槽内设有活塞环， 缸套上端设有进气口和出气口， 进气口和出气口上分 别设有进气阀和出气阀， 进气口与外界大气相通， 出气口与辅储气罐相连， 缸套通过紧 固件与车体相连，缸套的外圆周壁上定位环，定位环的下端外圆周壁上套装有减震弹簧。
所述恒压室内设有电加热器， 电加热器连接电加热自动控制器，恒压室上设有压力 传感器， 压力传感器连接电加热自动控制器， 电加热自动控制器连接蓄电瓶。
所述空气动力发动机包括气缸床、 活塞、 凸轮轴、 曲轴， 气缸床上设有数个气缸， 每个气缸上均设有进气门和排气门， 进气门连接进气管， 排气门连接排气管， 每个气缸 的排气管通过排气总管连接排气室，排气室内至少设有一个叶轮发电机， 叶轮发电机输 出端通过充电分配器、变频器连接蓄电瓶，所述每个气缸的进气门处设有进气控制装置， 进气控制装置上端设有控制进气门开、闭的凸轮轴，每个气缸的排气门处设排气控制装 置， 排气控制装置上端设有控制排气门开、 闭的凸轮轴， 所述凸轮轴通过支撑架安装气 缸床上， 凸轮轴的一端设有链轮， 活塞通过连杆连接曲轴， 对应凸轮轴上的链轮位置处 的曲轴上设有链轮， 该链轮通过链条连接凸轮轴上的链轮。
所述发动机曲轴一端设有速度传感器，速度传感器连接安装在设置在气缸床上的液 压泵， 液压泵连接恒压室的进气阀。
所述进气控制装置包括底座， 底座上设有导向柱， 导向柱上设有复位弹簧， 复位弹 簧的上端设有固定在导向柱上的弹簧压盖，导向柱的上端点与凸轮轴的凸轮相切，导向 柱的下端连接气缸进气门。
所述排气控制装置包括底座， 底座上设有导向柱， 导向柱上设有复位弹簧， 复位弹 簧的上端设有固定在导向柱上的弹簧压盖，导向柱的上端与凸轮轴的凸轮相切，导向柱 的下端连接气缸排气门。
本发明具有的优点和积极效果是： 由于本发明包括能量回收装置、 能量储存装置、 动力驱动装置、控制装置、换档装置及辅助装置， 所述的能量回收装置包括电能回收装 置、压缩空气回收装置； 其中电能回收装置包括叶轮发电机、轮毂发电装置以及太阳能 发电装置，压缩空气回收装置包括重力采压装置；所述能量储存装置包括压缩空气储气 罐、 蓄电瓶， 其能量回收装置连接能量储存装置， 能量储存装置连接动力驱动装置， 控 制装置分别控制能量回收装置和动力驱动装置以及辅助装置。当机动车在正常行驶时空 气动力发动机做功和空气动力发动机排气室内的叶轮机做功，其轮毂发电和车体上安装 的叶轮发电机不做功， 当机动车在制动、 刹车、 转弯、 下坡等需要减速时， 此时开动轮 毂发电和叶轮发电， 收集电能并再利用， 此种方式回收的能源相当可观， 这样使得本实 用新型的能源得到很好的补充，综上所述本实用新型以空气动力为主动力，且多路能源 回收和利用， 即集风力发电、太阳能发电和利用机动车自身重力收集压缩空气做功为一 体， 并气源采集方便， 能量转化效率高、 尾气排放接近于零污染。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的结构示意图；
图 2是本发明的动力系统结构示意图；
图 3是本发明的气路结构示意图；
图 4是本发明的电路连接示意图；
图 5是本发明的液压制动结构示意图；
图 6是本发明中风扇式叶轮发电机结构示意图；
图 7是本发明中滚筒式叶轮发电机结构示意图；
图 8是本发明中轮毂发电装置结构示意图；
图 9是空气动力发动机结构示意图；
图 10是单个气缸结构示意图；
图 11是重力采压装置结构示意图。
图中： 1、 前桥架； 2、 后桥架； 3、 大梁； 4、 传动轴； 5、 车体； 6、 轮毂； 7、 换 档装置； 8、 辅助装置； 9、 叶轮发电机； 9-1、 挡风罩； 9-2、 驱动电机； 9-2-1、 控制器;
9- 3、 整流罩； 9-4、 风扇叶轮； 9-5、 发电机； 10、 轮毂发电装置； 10-1、 发电机外壳；
10- 2、 转子； 10-3、 定子； 10-4、 液压离合器； 11、 太阳能发电装置； 11-1、 太阳能电 池板； 12、 充电分配器； 13、 变频器； 14、 蓄电瓶； 15、 重力采压装置； 15-1、 导向柱; 15-2、 缸套； 15-3、 活塞环； 15-4、 进气口； 15-5、 进气阀； 15-6、 出气口； 15-7、 出气 阀； 15-8、 定位环； 15-9、 减震弹簧； 16、 主储气罐； 16-1、 安全阀； 16-2、 压力表； 16-3、 出气阀； 16-4、 加气阀； 17、 辅储气罐； 17-1、 安全阀； 17-2、 出气阀； 18、 恒 压室； 18-1、 自动进气阀； 18-2、 电加热器； 18-3、 电加热自动控制器； 18-4、 压力传 感器； 19、 空气压力分配室； 20、 空气动力发动机； 20-1、气缸床； 20-2、气缸； 20-2-1、 进气门； 20-2-2、 排气门； 20-2-3、 进气管； 20-2-4、 排气管； 20-2-5、 排气总管； 20-2-6 排气室； 20-2-7叶轮发电机； 20-2-8、进气控制装置； 20-2-81、底座； 20-2-82、 导向柱； 20-2-83、复位弹簧； 20-2-84、弹簧压盖； 20-2-9、排气控制装置； 20-2-91、底座； 20-2-92、 导向柱； 20-2-93、 复位弹簧； 20-2-94、 弹簧压盖； 20-3、 活塞； 20-4、 凸轮轴； 20-4-1 链轮； 20-4-2、 凸轮； 20-5、 曲轴； 20-5-1、 链轮； 20-6、 连杆； 20-7、 链条； 20-8、 速 度传感器； 20-9、 液压泵； 21、 电动机； 22、 启动主控器； 23、 气电切换器； 24、 气电 启动控制器； 25、 制动器； 26、 制动助力分油泵； 27、 断路复位器； 28、 自动控制器； 29、 刹车碟片； 30、 刹车钳； 31、 离合器； 32、 变速箱、 33、 悬挂装置； 34、 排气管; 35、 排气筒； 36、 方向盘、 。 具体实施方式
为能进一步了解本发明的发明内容、特点及功效， 兹例举以下实施例， 并配合附图 详细说明如下：
请参阅图 1至图 5， 一种空气混合动力机动车， 包括方向盘 36、 前桥架 1、 后桥架 2、连接前桥架后桥架的大梁 3、车体 5、前桥架 1和后桥架 2通过传动轴 4连接的轮毂 6、 能量回收装置、 能量储存装置、 动力驱动装置、 控制装置、 换档装置 7及辅助装置 8。 所述的能量回收装置包括电能回收装置、 压缩空气回收装置； 其中电能回收装置包 括叶轮发电机 9、 轮毂发电装置 10以及太阳能发电装置 11， 压缩空气回收装置包括重 力采压装置 15 ; 所述能量储存装置包括压缩空气储气罐、 蓄电瓶 14， 其能量回收装置 连接能量储存装置，能量储存装置连接动力驱动装置，控制装置分别控制能量回收装置 和动力驱动装置以及辅助装置。本发明动力驱动以压缩空气做功为主动力， 当机动车在 行驶时颠伏、 上下坡、 启动以及转弯时， 通过重力采压装置 15收集压缩空气， 作为空 气总动力的一个补充； 为了保证机动车在行驶时减小较大阻力， 叶轮发电机 9、 轮毂发 电装置 10在机动车行驶时不工作， 当机动车刹车、 转弯、 下坡以及空挡滑行时， 通过 控制装置开启叶轮发电机 9、 轮毂发电装置 10进行发电， 同时增大了阻力， 使得机动 车的速度下降， 确保刹车、转弯以及下坡时的安全性能。太阳能发电装置通过光和热能 进行收集能源， 并补充蓄电瓶的电能。
叶轮发电机 9包括两种结构形式，一种风扇式叶轮和电机，该叶轮发电机安装在中 网处， 请参阅图 6; 另一种为滚筒式叶轮发电机， 请参阅图 7此滚筒式叶轮发电机安装 在车体两侧及后侧， 每个叶轮发电机的外侧均设有可折叠的挡风罩 9-1， 挡风罩连接驱 动电机 9-2， 驱动电机连接控制器 9-2-1， 控制器分别连接蓄电瓶 14、 制动器 25下端和 换挡装置 7的空挡位处设置的接触器， 叶轮发电机包括整流罩 9-3、 风扇叶轮 9-4， 风 扇叶轮连接发电机 9-5， 叶轮发电机 9通过导线连接充电分配器 12， 由充电分配器通过 导线输送到变频器 13， 通过变频器的变频、 恒压、 整流给蓄电瓶 14集中充电； 轮毂发 电装置 10安装在轮毂 6内侧， 请参阅图 8， 主要包括安装在机动车车体上的发电机外 壳 10-1， 发电机外壳内安装定子 10-3和转子 10-2， 转子和定子均采用永磁体， 转子套 装在传动轴 4上， 转子的一端传动轴 4上安装有液压离合器 10-4， 液压离合器连接助 力分油泵 26， 发电机通过导线连接充电分配器 12。 当机动车刹车、 转弯、 下坡以及空 挡滑行时，通过控制装置启动液压离合泵 10-4，液压离合泵使得传动轴 4带动转子 10-2 一起转动，此时转子 10-与定子 10-3做切割磁力线运动产生电能， 该电能仍需要充电分 配器 12的分配、 变频器的变频、 恒压、 整流最终给蓄电瓶充电； 另外在车体的顶部还 安装太阳能发电装置 11， 太阳能发电该技术目前比较成熟， 一般在机动车的车顶布置 一块太阳能电池板 11-1， 太阳能电池板的充电触电通过导线连接充电分配器 12， 收集 的此电能也通过充电分配器 12的分配、 变频器 13 的变频、 恒压、 整流最终给蓄电瓶 14 充电， 综上所述电能回收装置充分收集了机动车在当机动车刹车、 转弯、 下坡以及 空挡滑行时所能收集的能源。 所有充电分配器 12通过变频器 13连接蓄电瓶 14。
能量回收装置中的压缩空气回收装置包括重力采压装置 15， 请参阅图 11， 重力采 压装置安装在轮毂内侧的悬挂装置 33上 (悬挂装置为机动车行业比较成熟的一项技术， 在此不做详细描述） ， 悬挂装置上端连接车体， 重力采压装置 15的上端与车体连接； 其重力采压装置包括位于机动车轮毂内侧传动轴上设有具有活塞作用的导向柱 15-1， 导向柱的外圆周套装有缸套 15-2， 导向柱外圆周壁上设有环形凹槽， 凹槽内设有活塞 环 15-3， 缸套上端设有进气口 15-4和出气口 15-6， 进气口和出气口上分别设有进气阀 15-5和出气阀 15-7， 进气口与外界大气相通， 出气口与辅储气罐 17相连， 缸套 15-2 通过紧固件与车体相连， 缸套 15-2的外圆周壁上定位环 15-8， 定位环的下端外圆周壁 上套装有减震弹簧 15-9， 机动车在行驶是由于路面的不平、 刹车以及行驶的惯性会使 得机动车上下起伏，在上下起伏时会产生较大作用力，此作用力带动重力采压装置收集 压缩空气。
所述压缩空气储气罐包括主储气罐 16和辅储气罐 17，主储气罐和辅储气罐分别通 过导气管连接的自动进气阀 18-1， 自动进气阀连接恒压室 18， 主储气罐 16上安装有安 全阀 16-1、 压力表 16-2、 出气阀 16-3、 加气阀 16-4， 由于压缩空气在膨胀时吸热， 因 此恒压室 18内还设有电加热器 18-2， 电加热器连接电加热自动控制器 18-3，恒压室 18 设有压力传感器 18-4， 压力传感器连接电加热自动控制器 18-3， 电加热自动控制器连 接蓄电瓶 14; 当主储气罐的压力达到压力传感器所设定值后， 压力传感器 18-4将信号 传给电加热自动控制器 18-3， 电加热自动控制器得到信号后控制蓄电瓶 14停止给电加 热器供电，停止加热；当主储气罐 16内的压力值低于压力传感器 18-4所设定压力值时， 压力传感器将给电加热自动控制器 18-3信号， 电加热自动控制器将控制蓄电瓶给电加 热器供电开始加热。此结构利用空气的热胀冷缩特性，通过对主储气罐内的空气进行加 热，在密闭的主储气罐内随着空气温度升高空气的压力值也随之上升，达到恒压室所承 受压力范围后释放压力空气， 压力空气将驱动空气动力发动机工作， 从而获得动力， 此 动力可直接驱动空气混合动力机动车行驶，也可作为机动车自身发电装置获得电能的补 充动力， 从而达到节能的目的， 辅储气罐 17上安装有安全阀 17-1、 出气阀 17-2， 出气 阀连接恒压室 18的自动进气阀 18-1。
请参阅图 9和图 10， 所述能量储存装置连接的动力驱动装置， 包括空气动力发动 机 20、 电动机 21 ; 空气动力发动机 20、 电动机 21的输出端通过离合器 31、变速箱 32、 传动轴 4连接轮毂 6，空气动力发动机 20通过排气管 34连接排气筒 35 ;所述空气动力 发动机包括气缸床 20-1、 活塞 20-3、 凸轮轴 20-4、 曲轴 20-5， 气缸床上设有数个气缸 20-2, 每个气缸上均设有进气门 20-2-1 和排气门 20-2-2， 进气门 20-2-1 连接进气管 20-2-3，排气门 20-2-2连接排气管 20-2-4，每个气缸的排气管 20-2-4通过排气总管 20-2-5 连接排气室 20-2-6， 排气室内至少设有一个叶轮发电机 20-2-7， 叶轮发电机连接蓄电瓶 14， 排气室内设有叶轮发电机 20-2-7， 做功完毕后的压缩空气带动叶轮发电机发电， 从 而可获得电能， 这样充分利用做功完毕后的压缩空气， 达到重复利用、节能的目的， 上 述的叶轮发电机可根据从气缸排出的压缩空气的压力设置多个， 此叶轮发电机 20-2-7 还具有减弱具有高压的压缩空气， 从而使得从排气室 20-2-6 内排出接近常压， 叶轮发 电机发出的电能通过充电分配器 12的分配和变频器 13 的变频、 恒压、 整流给蓄电瓶 14进行充电。 所述每个气缸的进气门 20-2-1处设有进气控制装置 20-2-8， 进气控制装 置上端设有控制进气门开、 闭的凸轮轴 20-4， 所述进气控制装置 20-2-8 包括底座 20-2-81 , 底座上设有导向柱 20-2-82， 导向柱上设有复位弹簧 20-2-83， 复位弹簧的上端 设有固定在导向柱上的弹簧压盖 20-2-84， 导向柱的上端点与凸轮轴 20-4的凸轮 20-4-2 相切， 导向柱 20-2-82的下端连接气缸进气门 20-2-1。 每个气缸的排气门处设排气控制 装置 20-2-9， 排气控制装置上端设有控制排气门 20-2-2开、 闭的凸轮轴 20-4， 所述排 气控制装置包括底座 20-2-91， 底座上设有导向柱 20-2-92， 导向柱上设有复位弹簧 20-2-93 , 复位弹簧的上端设有固定在导向柱上的弹簧压盖 20-2-94， 导向柱 20-2-92的 上端与凸轮轴 20-4的凸轮 20-4-2相切， 导向柱的下端连接气缸排气门 20-2-2。 所述凸 轮轴 20-4通过支撑架安装气缸床 20-1上， 凸轮轴 20-4的一端设有链轮 20-4-1， 活塞 20-3通过连杆 20-6连接曲轴 20-5，对应凸轮轴上的链轮 20-4-1位置处的曲轴 20-5上设 有链轮 20-5-1， 该链轮通过链条 20-7连接凸轮轴 20-4上的链轮 20-4-1。 这样保证了整 个做功的协调和稳定。 所述发动机曲轴 20-5—端设有速度传感器 20-8， 速度传感器连 接安装在设置在气缸床上的液压泵 20-9， 液压泵连接恒压室的自动进气阀 18-1。 通过 发动机曲轴 20-5的转速控制自动进气阀 18-1开度的大小， 即供气量的多少。
请参阅图 1至图 5， 所述动力驱动装置连接控制装置， 所述控制装置包括启动主控 器 22、 气电切换器 23、 气电启动控制器 24、 自动控制器 28、 制动器 25， 所述启动主 控器 22输入端分别连接恒压室 18、 蓄电瓶 14， 启动主控器 22的输出端连接气电启动 控制器 24， 气电启动控制器 24连接自动控制器 28， 自动控制器连接气电切换器 23， 所述制动器 25连接制动助力分油泵 26， 制动助力分油泵通过油管连接断路复位器 27， 断路复位器连接自动控制器 28，制动助力分油泵通过油管分别连接控制刹车碟片 29的 刹车钳 30， 自动控制器 28输出端分别连接空气压力分配室 19、 电动机 21， 空气压力 分配室 19连接空气动力发动机 20。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种空气混合动力机动车， 包括方向盘、 前桥架、 后桥架、 连接前桥架后桥架 的大梁、车体、前桥架和后桥架通过传动轴连接的轮毂、能量回收装置、能量储存装置、 动力驱动装置、控制装置、 换档装置及辅助装置， 其特征在丁 ·： 所述的能量回收装置包 括电能回收装置、压缩空气回收装置； 其中电能回收装置包括叶轮发电机、轮毂发电装 置以及太阳能发电装置， 叶轮发电机安装在车体上， 轮毂发电装置安装在轮毂内侧， 太 阳能发电装置安装在车体的顶部， 叶轮发电机、轮毂发电装置以及太阳能发电装置分别 连接充电分配器， 充电分配器连接变频器； 压缩空气回收装置包括重力采压装置， 重力 采压装置安装在轮毂内侧的悬挂装置上，悬挂装置上端连接车体，重力采压装置的上端 与车体连接；所述能量回收装置连接能量储存装置，所述能量储存装置包括压缩空气储 气罐、蓄电瓶， 所述压缩空气储气罐包括主储气罐和辅储气罐， 主储气罐和辅储气罐分 别连接自动进气阀， 自动进气阀连接恒压室； 主储气罐上安装有安全阀、压力表、 出气 阀、 加气阀， 辅储气罐安装有安全阀、 出气阀， 出气阀连接恒压室的自动进气阀； 所述 充电分配器通过变频器连接蓄电瓶，辅储气罐与重力采压装置连接；所述能量储存装置 连接动力驱动装置，所述动力驱动装置包括空气动力发动机、电动机；空气动力发动机、 电动机的输出端通过离合器、变速箱、传动轴连接轮毂， 变速箱连接换挡装置， 空气动 力发动机通过排气管连接排气筒；所述动力驱动装置连接控制装置，所述控制装置包括 启动主控器、 气电切换器、 气电启动控制器、 自动控制器、 制动器， 所述启动主控器输 入端分别连接恒压室、蓄电瓶， 启动主控器的输出端连接气电启动控制器， 气电启动控 制器连接自动控制器， 自动控制器连接气电切换器， 所述制动器连接制动助力分油泵， 制动助力分油泵通过油管连接断路复位器，断路复位器连接自动控制器，制动助力分油 泵通过油管分别连接控制刹车碟片的刹车钳，断路复位器输出端分别连接空气压力分配 室、 电动机， 空气压力分配室连接空气动力发动机， 所述控制装置连接辅助装置， 所述 辅助装置包括照明装置、 扬声器、 空调、 显示仪表， 照明装置、 显示仪表分别连接蓄电 瓶。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的空气混合动力机动车， 其特征在于： 所述的叶轮发电机 分布在车头中网处、车体的两侧以及车体的后侧，每个叶轮发电机的外侧均设有可折叠 的挡风罩， 挡风罩连接驱动电机， 驱动电机连接控制器， 控制器分别连接蓄电瓶、 制动 器下端设置的接触器和换挡装置的空挡位处设置的接触器， 叶轮发电机包括整流罩、风 扇叶轮， 风扇叶轮连接发电机， 叶轮发电机通过导线连接充电分配器。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的空气混合动力机动车， 其特征在于： 所述安装在轮毂内 侧的轮毂发电装置包括安装在机动车车体上的发电机外壳，发电机外壳内安装用永磁体 制成的定子和转子， 转子套装在传动轴上， 转子的一端传动轴上安装有液压离合器， 液 压离合器连接助力分油泵， 发电机通过导线连接充电分配器。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的空气混合动力机动车， 其特征在于： 所述安装在轮毂内 侧的悬挂装置上的重力采压装置包括位于机动车轮毂内侧悬挂支架上设有具有活塞作 用的导向柱， 导向柱的外圆周套装有缸套， 导向柱外圆周壁上设有环形凹槽， 凹槽内设 有活塞环，缸套上端设有进气口和出气口，进气口和出气口上分别设有进气阀和出气阀， 进气口与外界大气相通， 出气口与辅储气罐相连， 缸套通过紧固件与车体相连， 缸套的 外圆周壁上定位环， 定位环的下端外圆周壁上套装有减震弹簧。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的空气混合动力机动车， 其特征在于： 所述恒压室内设有 电加热器， 电加热器连接电加热自动控制器， 恒压室上设有压力传感器， 压力传感器连 接电加热自动控制器， 电加热自动控制器连接蓄电瓶。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的空气混合动力机动车， 其特征在于： 所述空气动力发动 机包括气缸床、 活塞、 凸轮轴、 曲轴， 气缸床上设有数个气缸， 每个气缸上均设有进气 门和排气门， 进气门连接进气管， 排气门连接排气管， 每个气缸的排气管通过排气总管 连接排气室， 排气室内至少设有一个叶轮发电机， 叶轮发电机输出端通过充电分配器、 变频器连接蓄电瓶，所述每个气缸的进气门处设有进气控制装置，进气控制装置上端设 有控制进气门开、 闭的凸轮轴， 每个气缸的排气门处设排气控制装置， 排气控制装置上 端设有控制排气门开、 闭的凸轮轴， 所述凸轮轴通过支撑架安装气缸床上， 凸轮轴的一 端设有链轮， 活塞通过连杆连接曲轴， 对应凸轮轴上的链轮位置处的曲轴上设有链轮， 该链轮通过链条连接凸轮轴上的链轮。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的空气混合动力机动车， 其特征在于： 所述发动机曲轴一 端设有速度传感器，速度传感器连接安装在设置在气缸床上的液压泵，液压泵连接恒压 室的进气阀。
8. 根据权利要求 6所述的空气混合动力机动车， 其特征在于： 所述进气控制装置 包括底座， 底座上设有导向柱， 导向柱上设有复位弹簧， 复位弹簧的上端设有固定在导 向柱上的弹簧压盖，导向柱的上端点与凸轮轴的凸轮相切，导向柱的下端连接气缸进气 门。
9. 根据权利要求 6所述的空气混合动力机动车， 其特征在于： 所述排气控制装置 包括底座， 底座上设有导向柱， 导向柱上设有复位弹簧， 复位弹簧的上端设有固定在导 向柱上的弹簧压盖，导向柱的上端与凸轮轴的凸轮相切，导向柱的下端连接气缸排气门。
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