WO2010052822A1 - 燃料電池システム - Google Patents
燃料電池システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010052822A1 WO2010052822A1 PCT/JP2009/004915 JP2009004915W WO2010052822A1 WO 2010052822 A1 WO2010052822 A1 WO 2010052822A1 JP 2009004915 W JP2009004915 W JP 2009004915W WO 2010052822 A1 WO2010052822 A1 WO 2010052822A1
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- voltage
- fuel cell
- converter
- inverter
- output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M16/00—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators
- H01M16/003—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers
- H01M16/006—Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators of fuel cells with other electrochemical devices, e.g. capacitors, electrolysers of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04604—Power, energy, capacity or load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04858—Electric variables
- H01M8/04865—Voltage
- H01M8/04888—Voltage of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system, and more particularly, to a hybrid fuel cell system including a fuel cell and a battery as power sources.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a hybrid fuel cell system (hereinafter referred to as an FCHV system) mounted on an automobile.
- FCHV system 100 a fuel cell 110 and a battery 120 are connected in parallel to a load 130, and an inverter 140 that converts DC power supplied from the fuel cell 110 or the battery 120 into AC power is connected to the load 130.
- FC converter DC / DC converter
- FC converter DC / DC converter
- a DC / DC converter (hereinafter referred to as a battery converter) 150 that controls the input voltage Vin of the inverter 140 is provided between them.
- the controller 160 calculates the required power of the load 130 based on a detection signal (for example, a detection signal indicating the accelerator opening degree) supplied from the sensor group 170 such as an accelerator sensor, and based on the calculated required power.
- a detection signal for example, a detection signal indicating the accelerator opening degree
- the sensor group 170 such as an accelerator sensor
- the controller 160 determines the input voltage (hereinafter referred to as target input voltage) Vtin of the inverter 140 to be targeted and the output terminal of the fuel cell 110 to be targeted.
- a voltage (hereinafter, target output terminal voltage) Vtfc is determined.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the input voltage Vin of the inverter 140 and the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110 when the required power of the load 130 varies.
- the change in the input voltage Vin of the inverter 130 is indicated by a solid line
- the change in the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110 is indicated by a dotted line.
- the target input voltage Vtin of the inverter 140 is shifted to the high voltage side by the battery converter 150 (see arrow ⁇ in FIG. 8).
- the target output terminal voltage Vtfc of the fuel cell 110 is shifted to the low voltage side by the FC converter 150 (see arrow ⁇ in FIG. 8).
- the input voltage Vin of the inverter 130 is sharply boosted by the battery converter 150 toward the set high-voltage side target input voltage Vtin (see ⁇ in FIG. 8), and the output terminal of the fuel cell 110
- the voltage Vfc is stepped down steeply toward the set target output terminal voltage (see ⁇ in FIG. 8) by the FC converter 155.
- the input voltage Vin of the inverter 140 and the fuel cell 110 The steep fluctuation of the output terminal voltage Vfc requires the FC converter 150 to operate beyond the control limit (operation in the controllable response frequency range), and there is a concern that the control may fail. It was.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of performing
- a fuel cell system includes a fuel cell and a power storage device connected in parallel to a load, an inverter connected to the load, and between the fuel cell and the inverter.
- a first voltage conversion device that controls a terminal voltage of the fuel cell
- a second voltage conversion device that is provided between the power storage device and the inverter, and controls an input voltage of the inverter
- a control means for controlling the operation of each of the voltage converters.
- the control means is configured such that the input voltage of the inverter
- the first voltage conversion device is set so that the terminal voltage of the fuel cell becomes the output required voltage corresponding to the output power. And controlling the operation.
- the output terminal voltage of the fuel cell is set to the first voltage. (Refer to ⁇ in FIG. 8).
- the first voltage converter is not required to operate beyond the control limit (operation in the controllable response frequency range), and the conventional problem that the control is broken is caused. Therefore, stable converter control can be realized.
- the control means when the rate of change of the output power required for the fuel cell exceeds a set threshold value, the control means allows the input voltage of the inverter to reach the set required voltage.
- the aspect of controlling the operation of the first voltage converter after controlling the operation of the second voltage converter until the terminal voltage of the fuel cell becomes the required output voltage corresponding to the output power preferable.
- the control means when the sum of the rate of change of the voltage on the output side and the input side of the first voltage converter exceeds a set threshold value, the control means is configured to input the inverter. After controlling the operation of the second voltage conversion device until the voltage reaches the set required voltage, the first voltage conversion device so that the terminal voltage of the fuel cell becomes the output required voltage corresponding to the output power. It is also preferable to control the operation.
- the fuel cell system according to the present invention is provided between a fuel cell and a power storage device connected in parallel to a load, an inverter connected to the load, the fuel cell and the inverter, A first voltage converter that controls a terminal voltage of the fuel cell; a second voltage converter that is provided between the power storage device and the inverter and controls an input voltage of the inverter; and each of the voltage converters.
- a control means for controlling the operation of the fuel cell wherein when the output power of the fuel cell is to be reduced, the control means outputs the terminal voltage of the fuel cell in accordance with the output power.
- the operation of the second voltage converter is controlled so that the input voltage of the inverter becomes the set required voltage.
- the control means sets the terminal voltage of the fuel cell to the output power. It is preferable that the operation of the second voltage conversion device is controlled so that the input voltage of the inverter becomes the setting required voltage after the operation of the first voltage conversion device is controlled to the output request voltage according to the response.
- the control means After controlling the operation of the first voltage converter to the output required voltage corresponding to the output power, the operation of the second voltage converter is performed so that the input voltage of the inverter becomes the set required voltage.
- the aspect to control is also preferable.
- stable converter control can be realized even when steep fluctuations are required for the input voltage of the inverter and the output terminal voltage of the fuel cell.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of an FCHV system mounted on a vehicle according to the present embodiment.
- a fuel cell vehicle FCHV
- FCHV fuel cell vehicle
- the present invention can also be applied to an electric vehicle.
- the present invention can be applied not only to vehicles but also to various moving bodies (for example, ships, airplanes, robots, etc.), stationary power sources, and portable fuel cell systems.
- moving bodies for example, ships, airplanes, robots, etc.
- stationary power sources for example, portable fuel cell systems.
- FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram of an FCHV system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the FCHV system 100 according to the present embodiment is particularly characterized in that a DC / DC converter (hereinafter referred to as a battery converter) 180 is provided between the battery 120 and the inverter 140.
- a DC / DC converter hereinafter referred to as a battery converter
- the fuel cell 110 is a solid polymer electrolyte cell stack in which a plurality of unit cells are stacked in series.
- the fuel cell 110 is provided with a voltage sensor for detecting the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell stack 110 and a current sensor (both not shown) for detecting the output current (FC current).
- Vfc output terminal voltage
- FC current output current
- the oxidation reaction of the formula (1) occurs in the anode electrode
- the reduction reaction of the formula (2) occurs in the cathode electrode
- the electromotive reaction of the formula (3) occurs in the fuel cell 110 as a whole.
- the unit cell has a structure in which a MEA in which a polymer electrolyte membrane or the like is narrowed by two electrodes, a fuel electrode and an air electrode, is sandwiched between separators for supplying fuel gas and oxidizing gas.
- the anode electrode is provided with an anode electrode catalyst layer on the porous support layer
- the cathode electrode is provided with a cathode electrode catalyst layer on the porous support layer.
- the fuel cell 110 is provided with a system for supplying fuel gas to the anode electrode, a system for supplying oxidizing gas to the cathode electrode, and a system for supplying coolant (all not shown). By controlling the supply amount of the fuel gas and the supply amount of the oxidizing gas according to the signal, it is possible to generate desired power.
- the FC converter (first voltage converter) 150 plays a role of controlling the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110, and the FC output terminal voltage Vfc input to the primary side (input side: fuel cell 110 side). Is converted to a voltage value different from the primary side (step-up or step-down) and output to the secondary side (output side: inverter 140 side), and conversely, the voltage input to the secondary side is converted to the secondary side. It is a bidirectional voltage converter that converts to a different voltage and outputs it to the primary side.
- the FC converter 150 controls the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110 to be a voltage corresponding to the target output (that is, the target output terminal voltage vfc).
- the FC converter 150 is a boost converter, for example, and has a three-phase operation method.
- a circuit configuration as a three-phase bridge type converter composed of a U phase 151, a V phase 152, and a W phase 153 is provided.
- the circuit configuration of the three-phase bridge type converter combines an inverter-like circuit portion that once converts an input DC voltage into AC and a portion that rectifies the AC again and converts it to a different DC voltage.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a load driving circuit in which a circuit for one phase of the FC converter 150 is extracted.
- a voltage before boosting input to the FC converter 150 is referred to as an input voltage Vin
- a voltage after boosting output from the FC converter 150 is referred to as an output voltage Vout.
- the FC converter 150 (for one phase) includes a reactor L1, a rectifying diode D1, and a switching element SW1 including an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or the like.
- Reactor L1 has one end connected to the output end (not shown) of fuel cell 110 and the other end connected to the collector of switching element SW1.
- the current flowing through the reactor L1 is detected by current sensors I1 to I3 (see FIG. 1) that detect the reactor current of each phase.
- the switching element SW1 is connected between the power supply line of the inverter 140 and the earth line. Specifically, the collector of the switching element SW1 is connected to the power supply line, and the emitter is connected to the earth line.
- the switch SW1 is turned on, a current flows from the fuel cell 110 ⁇ the inductor L1 ⁇ the switch SW1, and at this time, the inductor L1 is DC-excited to accumulate magnetic energy.
- FC converter 150 that is, the output current of fuel cell 110
- FC converter 150 that is, the output voltage of fuel cell 110
- FC converter 150 that is, the output voltage of fuel cell 110
- the battery (power storage device) 120 is connected in parallel to the fuel cell 110 with respect to the load 130, and is a storage source of surplus power, a regenerative energy storage source during regenerative braking, acceleration of the fuel cell vehicle, or Functions as an energy buffer when the load fluctuates due to deceleration.
- a secondary battery such as a nickel / cadmium storage battery, a nickel / hydrogen storage battery, or a lithium secondary battery is used.
- the battery converter (second voltage converter) 180 plays a role of controlling the input voltage Vin of the inverter 140, and has a circuit configuration similar to that of the FC converter 150, for example.
- the required power of the load 130 changes abruptly (hereinafter assumed to increase)
- the input voltage Vin of the inverter 130 is set to the set target input voltage Vtin (see ⁇ in FIG. 8). )
- the FC converter 140 is controlled until the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110 reaches the set target output terminal voltage Vtfc.
- the output voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110 is controlled by the FC converter 140 after the input voltage Vin of the inverter 130 is controlled by the battery converter 180.
- stable converter control can be realized (detailed operation will be described later).
- the circuit configuration of the battery converter 180 is not limited to the above, and any configuration capable of controlling the input voltage Vin of the inverter 140 can be employed.
- the inverter 140 is, for example, a PWM inverter driven by a pulse width modulation method, and converts DC power output from the fuel cell 110 or the battery 120 into three-phase AC power in accordance with a control command from the controller 160, thereby obtaining a traction motor.
- the rotational torque of 131 is controlled.
- the traction motor 131 is the main power of the vehicle, and generates regenerative power when decelerating.
- the differential 132 is a reduction device that reduces the high-speed rotation of the traction motor 131 to a predetermined number of rotations and rotates the shaft on which the tire 133 is provided.
- the shaft is provided with a wheel speed sensor (not shown) and the like, thereby detecting the vehicle speed of the vehicle.
- all devices including the traction motor 131 and the differential 132) that can operate by receiving power supplied from the fuel cell 110 are collectively referred to as a load 130.
- the controller 160 is a computer system for controlling the FCHV system 100 and includes, for example, a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like.
- the controller 160 inputs various signals (for example, a signal representing the accelerator opening, a signal representing the vehicle speed, a signal representing the output current and output terminal voltage of the fuel cell 110) supplied from the sensor group 170, and the load.
- the required power of 130 (that is, the required power of the entire system) is obtained.
- the required power of the load 130 is, for example, the total value of the vehicle travel power and the auxiliary power.
- Auxiliary power is the power consumed by in-vehicle accessories (humidifiers, air compressors, hydrogen pumps, cooling water circulation pumps, etc.), and equipment required for vehicle travel (transmissions, wheel control devices, steering devices, and suspensions) Power consumed by devices, etc., and power consumed by devices (air conditioners, lighting fixtures, audio, etc.) disposed in the passenger space.
- the controller (control device) 160 determines the distribution of output power between the fuel cell 110 and the battery 120, and calculates a power generation command value.
- the controller 160 controls the operation of the FC converter 150 and the battery converter 180 so that the required power is obtained.
- the controller 160 outputs, for example, the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase AC voltage command values as switching commands to the inverter 140 so that the target torque according to the accelerator opening is obtained, and the traction motor The output torque of 131 and the rotation speed are controlled.
- the controller 160 first inputs the input voltage of the inverter 130 in order to realize stable converter control.
- the battery converter 180 is controlled until Vin reaches the set target input voltage (setting required voltage) Vtin (see ⁇ in FIG. 8).
- the FC converter 140 is controlled until the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110 reaches the set target output terminal voltage (summer in output request) Vtfc. (Hereinafter referred to as converter stabilization processing).
- the predetermined condition described above can be arbitrarily set and changed.
- first condition when the rate of change of the required power for the fuel cell 110 exceeds a set threshold (first condition), the input side of the FC converter 150, The converter stabilization process may be executed when the sum of the voltage change rates on the output side exceeds a set threshold (second condition).
- first condition when the rate of change of the required power for the fuel cell 110 exceeds a set threshold (first condition), the input side of the FC converter 150, The converter stabilization process may be executed when the sum of the voltage change rates on the output side exceeds a set threshold (second condition).
- Each threshold value to be set may be obtained in advance by an experiment or the like and stored in a memory (not shown) or the like. Further, the threshold value may be a fixed value, but may be set / changed as appropriate according to operating conditions, user operations, and the like.
- first condition when the rate of change of the required power for the fuel cell 110 exceeds a set threshold (first condition)
- second condition When the rate of change of the
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing processing operations in the FCHV system 100.
- the controller 160 inputs various signals supplied from the sensor group 170 (for example, a signal representing the accelerator opening, a signal representing the vehicle speed, a signal representing the output current and output terminal voltage of the fuel cell 110, etc.)
- the required power of 130 is calculated (step S1).
- the controller 160 determines the distribution of output power between the fuel cell 110 and the battery 120, calculates the power generation command value, and obtains the required power for the fuel cell 110 (step S2).
- the controller 160 determines whether or not the required power for the fuel cell 110 satisfies a predetermined condition (step S3).
- the first condition (that is, whether or not the rate of change of the required power for the fuel cell 110 has exceeded the set threshold) is set as the predetermined condition. It is determined whether or not the rate of change of required power for the fuel cell 110 exceeds a set threshold value.
- step S103 determines that the change rate of the required power for the fuel cell 110 does not exceed the set threshold value (step S103; NO).
- step S104 executes normal operation processing.
- step S103 determines that the rate of change of the required power for the fuel cell 110 exceeds a set threshold (step S103). YES), converter stabilization processing is executed (step S105).
- step S104 the controller 160 controls the supply of the oxidizing gas and the fuel gas so that the power generation amount of the fuel cell 110 matches the target power (that is, the power generation command value of the fuel cell 110). Further, the controller 160 controls the operation point (output current, output voltage) of the fuel cell 110 by controlling the FC converter 150 and adjusting the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110. Note that the output voltage of the fuel cell 110 during the normal operation process exhibits a behavior in the range of 1.0 V / cell to 0.6 V / cell, for example. For example, the controller 160 outputs the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase AC voltage command values to the inverter 140 as switching commands so that the target torque corresponding to the accelerator opening is obtained. Controls output torque and rotation speed.
- step S105 the controller 160 executes the converter stabilization process flow shown in FIG. More specifically, the controller 160 first controls the battery converter 180 until the input voltage Vin of the inverter 130 reaches the set target input voltage Vtin (see ⁇ in FIG. 8) (step S201). Then, after the input voltage Vin of the inverter 130 reaches the target input voltage Vtin, the controller 160 controls the FC converter 140 until the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110 reaches the set target output terminal voltage Vtfc ( Step S202) and the process is terminated.
- the required power for the fuel cell 110 satisfies a predetermined condition (for example, whether or not the rate of change of the required power of the fuel cell 110 exceeds a set threshold). If it is determined that it is satisfied, the input voltage Vin of the inverter 130 is controlled by the battery converter 180 and then the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110 is controlled by the FC converter 140.
- a predetermined condition for example, whether or not the rate of change of the required power of the fuel cell 110 exceeds a set threshold.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing converter stabilization processing according to a modification.
- the controller 160 executes the converter stabilization process shown in FIG. More specifically, the controller 160 first controls the FC converter 140 until the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110 reaches the set target output terminal voltage (output required voltage) Vtfc (step S301). Then, after the output terminal voltage Vfc of the fuel cell 110 reaches the target input voltage Vtin, the controller 160 changes the battery converter 180 until the input voltage Vin of the inverter 130 reaches the set target input voltage (setting required voltage) Vtin. Is controlled (step S302), and the process is terminated.
- Such control prevents the conventional problem of causing control failure without requiring the FC converter 140 to operate beyond the control limit (operation in the controllable response frequency range). And stable converter control can be realized.
- the converter stabilization process may be executed.
- Each threshold value to be set may be obtained in advance by an experiment or the like and stored in a memory (not shown) or the like. Further, the threshold value may be a fixed value, but may be set / changed as appropriate according to operating conditions, user operations, and the like.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the supply amount (gas flow rate) of the oxidizing gas and the fuel gas and the IV characteristic of the fuel cell 110.
- the IV characteristic F1 is shown in order from the smallest gas flow rate. , F2, F3, and F4.
- the controller 160 stores a characteristic map as shown in FIG. 6 in a memory (not shown), and when executing the converter stabilization process, first, the gas flow rate at the time point is determined using a flow meter or the like. To grasp. Then, the controller 160 reads out an IV characteristic (for example, the IV characteristic F2) corresponding to the grasped gas flow rate from the memory, and uses the read IV characteristic to set a target operating operation point ( Output current, output voltage). Since subsequent operations can be described in the same manner as in the present embodiment, description thereof is omitted. As described above, a plurality of types of IV characteristics of the fuel cell 110 may be prepared, and the driving operation point may be determined using the IV characteristics according to the driving situation.
- an IV characteristic for example, the IV characteristic F2
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Abstract
Description
以下、各図を参照しながら本発明に係わる実施形態について説明する。 図1は本実施形態に係る車両に搭載されたFCHVシステムの構成を示す。なお、以下の説明では車両の一例として燃料電池自動車(FCHV;Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle)を想定するが、電気自動車などにも適用可能である。また、車両のみならず各種移動体(例えば、船舶や飛行機、ロボットなど)や定置型電源、さらには携帯型の燃料電池システムにも適用可能である。また、説明の理解を容易にするために、図7に対応する部分については同一符号を付している。
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係るFCHVシステム100のシステム全体図である。
本実施形態に係るFCHVシステム100は、特に、バッテリ120とインバータ140の間にDC/DCコンバータ(以下、バッテリコンバータ)180が設けられている点に特徴がある。
(1/2)O2+2H++2e- → H2O …(2)
H2+(1/2)O2 → H2O …(3)
図3は、FCHVシステム100における処理動作を示すフローチャートである。
コントローラ160は、センサ群170から供給される各種の信号(例えば、アクセル開度をあらわす信号や車速をあらわす信号、燃料電池110の出力電流や出力端子電圧をあらわす信号など)を入力して、負荷130の要求電力を算出する(ステップS1)。コントローラ160は、燃料電池110とバッテリ120とのそれぞれの出力電力の配分を決定し、発電指令値を演算し、燃料電池110に対する要求電力を求める(ステップS2)。そして、コントローラ160は、燃料電池110に対する要求電力が所定条件を満たすか否かを判断する(ステップS3)。上述したように、本実施形態では、所定条件として第1条件(すなわち、燃料電池110に対する要求電力の変化率が設定された閾値を超えたか否か)が設定されているため、コントローラ160は、燃料電池110に対する要求電力の変化率が設定された閾値を超えたか否かを判断する。
ステップS104に移行すると、コントローラ160は、燃料電池110の発電量が目標電力(すなわち、燃料電池110の発電指令値)に一致するように、酸化ガス及び燃料ガスの供給を制御する。
更に、コントローラ160は、FCコンバータ150を制御して、燃料電池110の出力端子電圧Vfcを調整することにより、燃料電池110の運転ポイント(出力電流、出力電圧)を制御する。なお、通常運転処理時の燃料電池110の出力電圧は、例えば1.0V/セル~0.6V/セルの範囲の挙動を示す。コントローラ160は、アクセル開度に応じた目標トルクが得られるように、例えば、スイッチング指令として、U相、V相、及びW相の各交流電圧指令値をインバータ140に出力し、トラクションモータ131の出力トルク、及び回転数を制御する。
ステップS105に移行すると、コントローラ160は、図4に示すコンバータ安定化処理フローを実行する。詳述すると、コントローラ160は、まず、インバータ130の入力電圧Vinが、設定された目標入力電圧Vtin(図8の△参照)となるまでバッテリコンバータ180を制御する(ステップS201)。そして、コントローラ160は、インバータ130の入力電圧Vinが目標入力電圧Vtinに到達した後に、燃料電池110の出力端子電圧Vfcが、設定された目標出力端子電圧VtfcとなるまでFCコンバータ140を制御し(ステップS202)、処理を終了する。
(1)上述した本実施形態では、燃料電池110の要求電力の変化率が設定された閾値を超える例として、燃料電池110に対する要求電力が急激に増大する場合(すなわち、要求電力変化率が正の場合)を例に説明したが、燃料電池110に対する要求電力が急激に減少する場合(すなわち、要求電力変化率が負の場合)にも同様に適用可能である。
運転手がブレーキペダルを踏み込むなどして燃料電池110に対する要求電力が急激に減少すると、コントローラ160は、図5に示すコンバータ安定化処理を実行する。詳述すると、コントローラ160は、まず、燃料電池110の出力端子電圧Vfcを、設定された目標出力端子電圧(出力要求電圧)VtfcとなるまでFCコンバータ140を制御する(ステップS301)。そして、コントローラ160は、燃料電池110の出力端子電圧Vfcが目標入力電圧Vtinに到達した後に、インバータ130の入力電圧Vinが、設定された目標入力電圧(設定要求電圧)Vtinとなるまでバッテリコンバータ180を制御し(ステップS302)、処理を終了する。
図6は、酸化ガス及び燃料ガスの供給量(ガス流量)と燃料電池110のI-V特性の関係を例示した図であり、図6ではガス流量が小さい方から順に、I-V特性F1、F2、F3、F4を示している。
Claims (6)
- 負荷に対して並列に接続された燃料電池及び蓄電装置と、
前記負荷に接続されたインバータと、
前記燃料電池と前記インバータとの間に設けられ、前記燃料電池の端子電圧を制御する第1の電圧変換装置と、
前記蓄電装置と前記インバータとの間に設けられ、前記インバータの入力電圧を制御する第2の電圧変換装置と、
前記各電圧変換装置の動作を制御する制御手段とを備えた燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池の出力電力を増大させる場合には、
前記制御手段は、前記インバータの入力電圧が設定要求電圧に到達するまで前記第2の電圧変換装置の動作を制御した後、前記燃料電池の端子電圧が前記出力電力に応じた出力要求電圧となるように前記第1の電圧変換装置の動作を制御することを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池に要求される出力電力の変化率が、設定された閾値を超えた場合に、
前記制御手段は、前記インバータの入力電圧が設定要求電圧に到達するまで前記第2の電圧変換装置の動作を制御した後、前記燃料電池の端子電圧が前記出力電力に応じた出力要求電圧となるように前記第1の電圧変換装置の動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第1の電圧変換装置の出力側、入力側の電圧の変化率の和が、設定された閾値を超えた場合に、
前記制御手段は、前記インバータの入力電圧が設定要求電圧に到達するまで前記第2の電圧変換装置の動作を制御した後、前記燃料電池の端子電圧が前記出力電力に応じた出力要求電圧となるように前記第1の電圧変換装置の動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 負荷に対して並列に接続された燃料電池及び蓄電装置と、
前記負荷に接続されたインバータと、
前記燃料電池と前記インバータとの間に設けられ、前記燃料電池の端子電圧を制御する第1の電圧変換装置と、
前記蓄電装置と前記インバータとの間に設けられ、前記インバータの入力電圧を制御する第2の電圧変換装置と、
前記各電圧変換装置の動作を制御する制御手段とを備えた燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池の出力電力を減少させる場合には、
前記制御手段は、前記燃料電池の端子電圧が前記出力電力に応じた出力要求電圧まで前記第1の電圧変換装置の動作を制御した後、前記インバータの入力電圧が設定要求電圧となるように前記第2の電圧変換装置の動作を制御することを特徴とする燃料電池システム。 - 前記燃料電池に要求される出力電力の変化率が、設定された閾値を超えた場合に、
前記制御手段は、前記燃料電池の端子電圧が前記出力電力に応じた出力要求電圧まで前記第1の電圧変換装置の動作を制御した後、前記インバータの入力電圧が設定要求電圧となるように前記第2の電圧変換装置の動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記第1の電圧変換装置の出力側、入力側の電圧の変化率の和が、設定された閾値を超えた場合に、
前記制御手段は、前記燃料電池の端子電圧が前記出力電力に応じた出力要求電圧まで前記第1の電圧変換装置の動作を制御した後、前記インバータの入力電圧が設定要求電圧となるように前記第2の電圧変換装置の動作を制御することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。
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CN103828110B (zh) * | 2011-09-29 | 2016-10-12 | Toto株式会社 | 固体电解质型燃料电池 |
US10661665B2 (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2020-05-26 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Two-power-supply load driving fuel cell system |
KR101593760B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-20 | 2016-02-18 | 현대오트론 주식회사 | 연료전지 스택용 주입 전류 생성 방법 및 이를 실행하는 장치 |
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