WO2010044469A1 - カロテノイドの発酵法 - Google Patents
カロテノイドの発酵法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010044469A1 WO2010044469A1 PCT/JP2009/067935 JP2009067935W WO2010044469A1 WO 2010044469 A1 WO2010044469 A1 WO 2010044469A1 JP 2009067935 W JP2009067935 W JP 2009067935W WO 2010044469 A1 WO2010044469 A1 WO 2010044469A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P23/00—Preparation of compounds containing a cyclohexene ring having an unsaturated side chain containing at least ten carbon atoms bound by conjugated double bonds, e.g. carotenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/205—Bacterial isolates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for microbiological production of carotenoids.
- the present invention relates to carotenoids such as astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, lycopene, ⁇ -carotene, phenicoxanthine, adonixanthin, echinone, asteroidenone and 3-hydroxyechinenone.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing by microbial fermentation.
- Carotenoids are natural pigments that are useful as feed additives, food additives, pharmaceuticals, and the like.
- Examples of carotenoids include astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, lycopene, ⁇ -carotene, phenicoxanthine, adonixanthin, echinone, asteroidenone and 3-hydroxyechinenone.
- astaxanthin is useful as a feed additive such as a body color improving agent for salmon, trout, red sea bream, etc., which are cultured fish, and an egg yolk improving agent for poultry.
- astaxanthin has high industrial value as a safe natural food additive and health food material.
- Adonixanthin and phenicoxanthin are expected to be used as feed additives, food additives, pharmaceuticals, etc., as in the case of astaxanthin, by establishing an industrial production method.
- ⁇ -carotene is used as a feed additive, food additive, pharmaceutical, etc.
- canthaxanthin is used as a feed additive, food additive, cosmetics, etc.
- zeaxanthin is used as a food additive, feed additive, etc. ing.
- lycopene, echinenone, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, 3-hydroxyechinenone, asteroidenone and the like are also expected to be used as feed additives and food materials.
- Known methods for producing these carotenoids include chemical synthesis methods, extraction methods from natural products, and production methods using microorganisms.
- Astaxanthin produced by these chemical synthesis methods is sold as a feed additive. Astaxanthin is present in fishes such as red sea bream and salmon, and crustaceans such as shrimp, crab and krill, and can be extracted from these.
- Patent Document 1 JP 2007-97584
- Patent Document 2 JP 11-69969A
- Parenter genus bacteria A fermentation method using bacteria (hereinafter also referred to as “Paracoccus genus bacteria”) has been reported.
- Examples of bacteria belonging to the genus Paracoccus that produce astaxanthin include the E-396 strain and the A-581-1 strain (Patent Document 3: JP-A-7-79796 and Non-Patent Document 3: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology ( 1999), 49, 277-282).
- Other astaxanthin-producing bacteria belonging to the genus Paracoccus include Paracoccus marcusii MH1 strain (Patent Document 4: Special Table 2001-512030), Paracoccus haeundaensis BC74171 strain (Non-Patent Document 4: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2004)).
- Patent Document 5 JP 2007-244205
- Non-Patent Document 5 International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2003), 53, 231- 238) and Paracoccus sp. PC-1 strain
- Patent Document 6 WO 2005/118812
- the carotenoid production method described above has several problems.
- the chemical synthesis method gives an unfavorable impression to consumers from the viewpoint of safety.
- extraction from natural products is expensive to manufacture.
- carotenoids are difficult to extract due to low productivity and a strong cell wall.
- Patent Document 7 discloses a method of adding an iron salt during culturing
- Patent Document 8 discloses a method of limiting the carbon source concentration. Since this method uses a large amount of expensive yeast extract as a medium raw material, it is not commercially and industrially practical.
- JP 2007-97584 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-69969 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 7-79796 Special table 2001-512030 gazette JP 2007-244205 A International Publication No. 2005/118812 Pamphlet JP 2007-143492 A JP 2008-167665 A
- the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object thereof is to provide a method for microbiologically producing carotenoids with high yield and low cost.
- the present inventors have further added an amino acid such as sodium glutamate or a salt thereof to a medium usually used for culturing bacteria in culturing bacteria producing carotenoids.
- an amino acid such as sodium glutamate or a salt thereof
- the present invention A method for producing a carotenoid, comprising culturing a carotenoid-producing bacterium using a medium to which an amino acid is added, and collecting the carotenoid from the resulting culture,
- the present invention relates to the method, wherein the amino acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, arginine, tyrosine, proline, phenylalanine and leucine, and salts thereof.
- the amino acid is preferably glutamic acid or glutamate.
- the concentration of amino acid added is, for example, 1 mmol / L to 200 mmol / L.
- the “additional concentration of amino acid” means the concentration of amino acid achieved in the medium to which the amino acid is added (that is, the concentration of the added amino acid in the medium).
- the carotenoid is, for example, from the group consisting of astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, lycopene, ⁇ -carotene, phenicoxanthine, adonixanthin, echinenone, asteroidenone and 3-hydroxyechinenone. At least one selected.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Paracoccus are preferably used.
- the bacterium may be a bacterium in which the base sequence of DNA corresponding to 16S ribosomal RNA has 95% or more homology with the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the bacterium is preferably the E-396 strain (FERM BP-4283), the A-581-1 strain (FERM BP-4671) or a mutant thereof.
- the present invention makes it possible to produce carotenoids with high concentration more efficiently.
- the present invention also makes it possible to produce carotenoids microbiologically at low cost.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing carotenoids by culturing carotenoid-producing bacteria, and this method is characterized by adding a predetermined amino acid to a medium.
- the method of the present invention makes it possible to produce a high concentration of carotenoid more efficiently and at low cost.
- the bacterium used in the present invention is not limited as long as it is a carotenoid-producing bacterium, but a bacterium belonging to the genus Paracoccus is preferably used.
- a bacterium belonging to the genus Paracoccus is preferably used.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Paracoccus Paracoccus carotinifaciens, Paracocccus marcusii, Paracocccus haeundaensis and Paracocccus zeaxanthinifaciens are preferably used, and Paracocccus carotinifaciens is particularly preferably used.
- bacteria belonging to the genus Paracoccus include Paracoccus oc carrotinifaciens E-396 strain and Paracoccus genus A-581-1 strain (FERM BP-4671), and these strains are also preferably used in the present invention. .
- the carotenoid-producing bacterium preferably used is a bacterium whose base sequence of DNA corresponding to 16S ribosomal RNA is highly homologous to the base sequence of E-396 strain described in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- “having high homology” means, for example, that the base sequence corresponding to the bacterium compared with the base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 1 is preferably 95% or more, more preferably 96% or more, More preferably, it means 97% or more, particularly preferably 98% or more, and most preferably 99% or more homology.
- the base sequence of DNA corresponding to 16S ribosomal RNA means a base sequence in which U (uracil) in the base sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA is replaced with T (thymine).
- U uracil
- T thymine
- the classification method of microorganisms based on the homology of the base sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA has become mainstream.
- Conventional classification methods for microorganisms are based on mycological properties such as motility, nutritional requirements, and sugar assimilation of the microorganism. There was a case of misclassification.
- the base sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA is extremely genetically stable, the classification method based on the homology significantly improves the classification reliability compared to the conventional classification method.
- the homology of Paracoccus ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588 strain and Paracoccus sp. ⁇ PC-1 strain with the base sequence of 16S ribosomal RNA is 99.7%, 99.7%, 99.6%, 99.4%, 95.95, respectively.
- these strains form one group as bacteria producing carotenoids. For this reason, these strains are preferably used in the present invention and can efficiently produce carotenoids.
- mutant strains with improved carotenoid productivity can also be used.
- improved mutant strains include strains with high astaxanthin-producing ability (JP 2001-95500), strains that selectively produce canthaxanthin (JP 2003-304875), zeaxanthin and ⁇ -cryptoxanthin Strains that produce a large amount (JP 2005-87097) and strains that selectively produce lycopene (JP 2005-87100).
- Mutants with improved carotenoid productivity can be obtained by mutation treatment and screening.
- the method for mutation treatment is not particularly limited as long as it induces mutation.
- chemical methods with mutants such as N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), physical methods such as ultraviolet irradiation and X-ray irradiation, genetic recombination and Biological methods such as transposon can be used.
- the bacterium to be mutated is not particularly limited, but is preferably a carotenoid-producing bacterium.
- the mutant strain may be generated by a naturally occurring mutation.
- the screening method for mutant strains is not particularly limited.
- the mutant strain is cultured in a test tube, flask, fermentor, etc.
- examples thereof include a method of selecting a target mutant strain by carotenoid dye analysis using liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, or the like.
- the mutation and screening steps may be performed once, or a mutant strain is obtained by, for example, mutation treatment and screening, and a mutant strain with improved productivity is obtained by further mutation treatment and screening. Mutation and screening steps may be repeated more than once.
- the E-396 strain mentioned as an example of the carotenoid-producing bacterium used in the present invention is deposited internationally as follows in the Patent Organism Depositary, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. International Depositary Authority: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Patent Biological Deposit Center (Former Name: Institute of Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry) 305-8566 Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Pref. Display for identification: E-396 Accession Number: FERM BP-4283 Original deposit date: April 27, 1993
- A-581-1 strain mentioned as another example of the carotenoid-producing bacterium used in the present invention has been deposited internationally with the above organization as follows. Display for identification: A-581-1 Accession Number: FERM BP-4671 Original deposit date: May 20, 1994
- the carotenoid produced by the method of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- astaxanthin canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin, ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, lycopene, ⁇ -carotene, phenicoxanthine, adonixanthin, echinenone, asteroidenone or 3 -Hydroxyequenone, preferably astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin or ⁇ -cryptoxanthin, more preferably astaxanthin, zeaxanthin or ⁇ -cryptoxanthin.
- One kind of carotenoid produced from the present invention may be used, or a plurality of kinds may be combined.
- the carotenoid production medium used for the culture of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an amino acid-added medium to which a predetermined amino acid is added, and carotenoid-producing bacteria grow and produce carotenoids.
- a medium containing a source, a nitrogen source, inorganic salts and, if necessary, vitamins is preferably used. That is, in the present invention, amino acids are added to a medium (for example, a standard carotenoid production medium) in which carotenoid-producing bacteria grow and can produce carotenoids.
- Examples of the carbon source include sugars such as glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose, trehalose, mannose, mannitol and maltose, and organic acids such as acetic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, propionic acid, malic acid, malonic acid and pyruvic acid. , Alcohols such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, isobutanol and glycenol, and fats and oils such as soybean oil, nuka oil, olive oil, corn oil, sesame oil and linseed oil, among which glucose or Sucrose is used. Among these carbon sources, one type or two or more types can be used. The amount to be added to the medium prior to culture (starting medium) varies depending on the type of carbon source and may be adjusted as appropriate. In addition, the carbon source is preferably added not only to the starting medium, but also to be added continuously or continuously during the culture.
- the inorganic nitrogen source one or more of ammonium salts such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and ammonium phosphate, nitrates such as potassium nitrate, ammonia and urea are used.
- the addition amount varies depending on the type of nitrogen source and may be adjusted as appropriate, but is usually 0.1 to 20 g, preferably 0.2 to 10 g, per 1 L of the medium.
- the organic nitrogen source for example, one or more kinds of corn steep liquor (including filtered products), pharma media, soybean meal, soybean meal, peanut meal, distillers solver and dry yeast are used. It is done.
- the addition concentration varies depending on the type of nitrogen source and may be adjusted as appropriate, but is usually 0 to 80 g / L, preferably 0 to 30 g / L.
- the inorganic nitrogen source and the organic nitrogen source are usually added to the starting medium, but it is also preferable to add them sequentially or continuously.
- inorganic salts include phosphates such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium salts such as magnesium sulfate and magnesium chloride, iron salts such as iron sulfate and iron chloride, Calcium salts such as calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, sodium salts such as sodium carbonate and sodium chloride, manganese salts such as manganese sulfate, cobalt salts such as cobalt chloride, copper salts such as copper sulfate, zinc salts such as zinc sulfate, molybdic acid
- molybdenum salts such as sodium, nickel salts such as nickel sulfate, selenium salts such as sodium selenate, boric acid and potassium iodide are used.
- the addition amount varies depending on the type of inorganic salt and may be adjusted as appropriate, but is usually 0.0001 to 15 g with respect to 1 L of the medium.
- potassium iodide or the like When potassium iodide or the like is added, 0.1 to 15 mg / L is a preferable concentration.
- Inorganic salts are usually added to the starting medium, but they may be additionally supplied sequentially or continuously.
- vitamins for example, cyanocobalamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, thiamine, ascorbic acid, folic acid, niacin, p-aminobenzoic acid, biotin, inositol, choline and the like can be used.
- the addition ratio varies depending on the type of vitamins and may be adjusted as appropriate, but is usually 0.001 to 1000 mg, preferably 0.01 to 100 mg per 1 L of the medium. Vitamins are usually added to the starting medium, but may be supplemented sequentially or continuously.
- a feature of the present invention is that a carotenoid-producing bacterium is cultured in a carotenoid-producing amino acid-added medium supplemented with an amino acid.
- a carotenoid-producing bacterium is cultured in a carotenoid-producing amino acid-added medium supplemented with an amino acid.
- the amino acid used in the present invention is not an amino acid contained in a natural mixture having a complicated composition such as casamino acid, yeast extract, or peptone, but a pure product (single product) that is purified to some extent, that is, an isolated product.
- a natural mixture may contain not only effective amino acids but also unnecessary or inhibitory components, and the composition may vary from lot to lot. Furthermore, natural mixtures such as casamino acid, yeast extract, and peptone are expensive and thus have low industrial utility value.
- the purity of the purified amino acid is preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, still more preferably 98% or more, and particularly preferably 99% or more.
- the amino acid used in the present invention may contain components other than the amino acid to such an extent that the growth of the carotenoid producing bacterium is not inhibited or the production of the carotenoid of the carotenoid producing bacterium is not inhibited.
- the amino acid used in this case is preferably a pure amino acid that does not contain other components such as impurities, but is not purified (for example, an amino acid having a purity of less than 90%) as long as the production of the carotenoid is not inhibited. ).
- glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, alanine, glycine, serine, threonine, arginine, tyrosine, proline, phenylalanine or leucine, or a salt thereof is preferably used.
- These amino acids are preferably L-form, but may be a mixture of L-form and D-form. More preferred is glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine or asparagine or a salt thereof, and further preferred is glutamic acid or aspartic acid or a salt thereof. Of these, glutamic acid or a salt thereof is preferable because it has a high carotenoid production effect.
- Sodium L-glutamate or a hydrate thereof is particularly preferably used because it is inexpensive.
- the salt with an acid include inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate and phosphate, and organic acid salts such as formic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid.
- salts with bases include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salts and magnesium salts, organic base salts such as trimethylamine, triethylamine and pyridine, ammonium salts, and the like. Can do.
- the amino acid added to the carotenoid production medium is at least one of the above amino acids, and may be one, or two or more amino acids can be added.
- cysteine, lysine, isoleucine and methionine have an inhibitory effect on the production of carotenoids. In the present invention, it is preferable to add amino acids not containing these to the medium.
- Amino acids are usually added to the starting medium, but may be added intermittently or continuously during the culture, or may be added intermittently or continuously during the cultivation after addition to the starting medium.
- the amino acid addition concentration (that is, the concentration of the amino acid to be added in the medium) in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 mmol / L or more, more preferably 3 mmol / L or more, further preferably 5 mmol / L or more, particularly Preferably it is 10 mmol / L, and most preferably 15 mmol / L or more.
- the amino acid addition concentration is preferably 200 mmol / L or less, more preferably 150 mmol / L or less, still more preferably 100 mmol / L or less, even more preferably 80 mmol / L or less, particularly preferably 60 mmol / L or less, Most preferably, it is 50 mmol / L or less. Therefore, in the present invention, the amino acid addition concentration is, for example, 1 mmol / L to 200 mmol / L.
- an antifoaming agent is preferably used in order to suppress foaming of the culture solution.
- the type of the antifoaming agent is not particularly limited as long as it has an action of suppressing the generation of foam or eliminating the generated foam and has a small inhibitory action on the producing bacteria. Examples thereof include alcohol-based antifoaming agents, polyether-based antifoaming agents, ester-based antifoaming agents, fatty acid-based antifoaming agents, silicon-based antifoaming agents, and sulfonic acid-based antifoaming agents.
- the amount added varies depending on the type of antifoaming agent and may be adjusted as appropriate, but is usually 0.01 g to 10 g per 1 L of the medium.
- Antifoam is usually added to the starting medium before sterilization. Furthermore, you may add an antifoamer continuously or intermittently during culture
- a method of adding an antifoaming agent during the culture a method of automatically adding bubbles by sensing with a sensor, a method of adding at a fixed time with a program timer, a carbon source for feed, a nitrogen source in conjunction with the growth rate Or the method of mixing and adding with a pH adjuster etc. can be illustrated.
- the antifoaming agent added to the initial culture medium and the antifoaming agent added to the culture medium during the culture may be the same, but different types may be used according to the action.
- the initial pH of the amino acid-added medium supplemented with amino acids is adjusted to 2 to 12, preferably 6 to 9, and more preferably 6.5 to 8.0. It is preferable to maintain the pH in the above range during the culture.
- the pH adjuster include sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, sodium carbonate aqueous solution, ammonia water, ammonia gas, sulfuric acid aqueous solution or a mixture thereof.
- the amino acid-added medium is sterilized and then used for bacterial culture.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately perform the sterilization treatment.
- the medium in a suitable container may be heat sterilized with an autoclave. Or what is necessary is just to sterilize by filtration with a sterilization filter.
- the carotenoid-producing bacterium is inoculated in the amino acid-added medium prepared as described above and cultured under predetermined conditions. Inoculation is performed by appropriately increasing the number of strains by seed culture using a test tube, flask, fermenter, or the like, and adding the obtained culture to an amino acid-added medium for carotenoid production.
- the medium used for seed culture is not particularly limited as long as it is a medium in which carotenoid-producing bacteria grow well, whether it is a medium added with a predetermined amino acid or a medium not added with an amino acid.
- Culture is performed in a suitable culture vessel.
- the culture vessel can be appropriately selected depending on the culture volume, and examples thereof include a test tube, a flask, and a fermenter.
- the culture temperature is 15 to 80 ° C., preferably 20 to 35 ° C., more preferably 25 to 32 ° C., usually 1 to 20 days, preferably 2 to 12 days, more preferably 3 to 9 days, aerobic Cultivate under conditions.
- aerobic conditions include shaking culture or aeration and agitation culture, and it is preferable to control the dissolved oxygen concentration within a certain range.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration can be controlled, for example, by changing the number of rotations of stirring, the amount of ventilation, the internal pressure, and the like.
- the dissolved oxygen concentration is preferably controlled to 0.3 to 10 ppm, more preferably 0.5 to 7 ppm, and still more preferably 1 to 5 ppm.
- the quantification of the carotenoid in the culture obtained by culturing the carotenoid-producing bacteria or the carotenoid collected from the culture through some purification operation can be performed by high performance liquid chromatography.
- Carotenoid-producing bacteria can be cultured as described above, and carotenoids can be collected from the resulting culture.
- the culture include a culture solution, a culture supernatant, a cell concentrate, a wet cell, a dry cell, and a cell lysate.
- the culture supernatant may be prepared by removing the cells from the culture solution by subjecting the culture solution to centrifugation or filtration.
- the bacterial cell concentrate can be obtained by concentrating the culture solution by centrifugation or membrane filtration.
- Wet cells can be obtained by centrifuging or filtering the culture solution.
- the dried cells can be obtained by drying wet cells or cell concentrates by a general drying method.
- the carotenoid-containing dry cells thus obtained can be used as a feed additive as they are.
- the method for collecting carotenoids from the culture is not particularly limited, and any method in which carotenoids are stably and efficiently recovered may be used. These methods can be appropriately selected from extraction techniques and purification techniques known
- one or more treatments may be performed on the culture.
- the solvent used for extraction and washing is not particularly limited, but lower alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, dichloromethane, chloroform, dimethylform.
- examples include amide and dimethyl sulfoxide.
- the treatment may be performed in an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen gas.
- the extract thus obtained can be used as it is as a carotenoid, and can be used after further purification.
- the method for separating bacteria and the like from the extract after the extraction operation is not particularly limited, and membrane filtration, centrifugation, decantation, and the like are used.
- Methods for obtaining carotenoid precipitates from extracts generally include heating and / or vacuum concentration and crystallization.
- the carotenoid pigment may be separated without being concentrated by precipitation of the carotenoid pigment at a low temperature or by precipitation with an acid / alkali agent or various salts. In industrial use, it is desirable to crystallize.
- the obtained carotenoid precipitate may be suspended and stirred using a small amount of a solvent such as a lower alcohol as necessary for washing.
- a solvent such as a lower alcohol
- the method of washing is not particularly limited, and examples include practically preferable methods such as a method of filtering after suspension and stirring or a method of passing liquid from above the precipitate.
- the cultures, extracts or purified products obtained as described above can be used alone as carotenoids, or can be used by mixing them at an arbitrary ratio.
- Example 1 Medium having the following composition (sucrose 30 g / L, corn steep liquor 30 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 g / L, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate 3.8 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 5.0 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.7 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 0.3 g / L, pH 7.2) 8 ml was placed in a test tube with an inner diameter of 18 mm with a cotton plug at 121 ° C. After sterilization by autoclave for 15 minutes, a test tube medium for seed was prepared.
- a medium having the following composition (glucose 30 g / L, corn steep liquor filtered product 5 g / L, ammonium sulfate 1.5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 g / L, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate 3.8 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 5.0 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.7 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 0.6 g / L, ester defoamer 0.2 g / L) Twenty-one 21 ml of 18 mm inner diameter test tubes with a cotton plug were prepared.
- the carotenoid concentration of the culture solution was measured by HPLC, and the cell growth was measured by OD610 (absorbance at 610 nm).
- OD610 absorbance at 610 nm
- glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, alanine, glycine, serine, threonine , Arginine, tyrosine, proline, phenylalanine and leucine were found to promote the production of carotenoid pigments.
- cysteine, lysine, isoleucine and methionine were found to have a clear inhibitory effect on carotenoid production.
- Example 2 Medium of the following composition (glucose 20 g / L, corn steep liquor filtered 5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.54 g / L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate 2.78 g / L, calcium chloride 2 Hydrate 5.0 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.7 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 3.0 g / L, alcohol-based antifoaming agent 0.2 g / L, pH 7.5) 100 ml It put into the 500 mL capacity
- a medium having the following composition (glucose 40 g / L, corn steep liquor 30 g / L, ammonium sulfate 0.5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.25 g / L, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate 5.7 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 0.1 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.5 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 5 g / L, alcohol-based antifoaming agent 0.5 g / L).
- Eight were prepared by putting 0 L in a 5 L fermenter. To this, sodium L-glutamate monohydrate was added at 0, 1, 5, 15, 30, 50, 100 and 200 mmol / L, respectively, and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Paracoccus carotinifaciens E-396 strain (FERM BP-4283) was inoculated into a seed flask medium with one platinum loop, and cultured at 29 ° C for 2 days at 100 rpm. Inoculated. Aerobic culture at 29 ° C. and aeration volume of 1 vvm was performed for 100 hours. The pH was continuously controlled with 15% aqueous ammonia so that the pH during the culture was maintained at 7.2. Glucose was added in an amount of 30 g each on the first and second days of culture so as not to be depleted. In addition, the stirring speed was changed so that the minimum stirring speed was 200 rpm and the dissolved oxygen concentration in the culture solution was maintained at 2 to 4 ppm. By detecting foaming with a bubble sensor, an alcohol-based antifoaming agent was automatically added to suppress foaming.
- Example 3 Paracoccus carotinifaciens E-396 strain was mutated with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to select colonies with a deep red color.
- the carotenoid in the culture solution of the selected strain was analyzed, and a mutant Y-1071 strain with improved astaxanthin productivity was selected.
- a medium having the following composition sucrose 30 g / L, Pharmamedia 20 g / L, ammonium sulfate 1.5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 g / L, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate 3.8 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 0.1 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 4.5 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 5 g / L, biotin 1 mg / L, silicon-based antifoaming agent 1 g / L 2) Two pieces of 8 ml placed in a test tube with a cotton plug having an inner diameter of 18 mm were prepared. Add one soda L-glutamate monohydrate to 30 mmol / L, add nothing to the other for comparison, and finally adjust to pH 7.1 with aqueous sodium hydroxide. And autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- Example 4 Medium having the following composition (glucose 20 g / L, dry yeast 5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 g / L, disodium hydrogen phosphate 12 hydrate 3.8 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 0 .1g / L, Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.7g / L, Iron sulfate heptahydrate 3g / L, pH 7.2) 8ml was put into a test tube with a cotton plug with an inner diameter of 18mm and autoclaved at 121 ° C for 15 minutes. Then, a test tube medium for seed was prepared.
- a medium having the following composition (glucose 40 g / L, ammonium sulfate 1.5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.54 g / L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2.78 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 1 g / L, sodium chloride 3 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.7 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 5 g / L, zinc sulfate heptahydrate 2 mg / L, cobalt chloride hexahydrate 2 mg / L, Copper sulfate pentahydrate 1 mg / L, manganese sulfate pentahydrate 4 mg / L, sodium molybdate dihydrate 2 mg / L, nickel sulfate hexahydrate 1 mg / L, sodium selenate 0.5 mg / L, Boric acid 5 mg / L, potassium iodide 1 mg / L,
- a medium having the following composition (glucose 40 g / L, corn steep liquor 30 g / L, ammonium sulfate 0.5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.25 g / L, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate 5.7 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 0.1 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.5 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 5 g / L, alcohol-based antifoaming agent 0.5 g / L).
- Two were prepared by putting 0 L in a 5 L fermenter. To one fermentor, sodium L-glutamate monohydrate was added at 15 mmol / L, and nothing was added to one fermentor for comparison. These fermenters were autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- One platinum ear of a Paracoccus genus A-581-1 strain (FERM BP-4671) was inoculated into a seed flask medium and cultured at 27 ° C. for 2 days at 150 rpm, and then 90 mL of the culture solution was added. Each fermentor was inoculated. Aerobic culture at 27 ° C. and aeration volume of 1 vvm was performed for 100 hours. The pH was continuously controlled with a 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution so that the pH during the culture was maintained at 7.1. Glucose was added in an amount of 30 g each on the first and second days of culture so as not to be depleted.
- Example 6 A Paracoccus genus A-581-1 strain (FERM BP-4671) was subjected to mutation treatment by ultraviolet irradiation, and colonies having a deep red color were selected. The carotenoid in the culture solution of the selected strain was analyzed, and a mutant K-185 strain with improved astaxanthin productivity was selected.
- a medium having the following composition (glucose 30 g / L, soybean meal 20 g / L, ammonium sulfate 1.5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 g / L, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate 3.8 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 5.0 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.7 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 0.6 g / L, ester defoamer 0.2 g / L) 8 ml
- a test tube with a cotton plug having an inner diameter of 18 mm 8 ml
- sodium L-glutamate monohydrate was added to a concentration of 30 mmol / L, and for the other one nothing was added for comparison, and finally the pH was adjusted to 7.1 with aqueous ammonia. Adjusted and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- Paracoccus genus K-185 strain was inoculated into a seed tube medium for seeding, and cultured at 28 ° C. for 2 days with shaking at 300 spm, and 0.1 ml each of the culture solution was added to two types of test tube mediums. Inoculated and cultured with shaking at 300 spm at 28 ° C. for 3 days. When the carotenoid concentration of the culture solution was measured by HPLC, the results were as shown in Table 6. Also in the mutant strain Paracoccus genus K-185, the group to which glutamic acid was added showed a higher carotenoid production concentration than the group to which glutamic acid was not added.
- Example 7 E-396 strain (FERM BP-4283) was mutagenized with N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to select a mutant colony exhibiting a reddish purple color, and further analysis of carotenoid compounds in the culture broth was performed by high performance liquid chromatography, and the strain L-25 which specifically produced lycopene was selected.
- a medium having the following composition (glucose 30 g / L, corn steep liquor filtered product 5 g / L, ammonium sulfate 1.5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 g / L, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate 3.8 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 5.0 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.7 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 0.6 g / L, ester defoamer 0.2 g / L)
- Two pieces of 8 ml placed in a test tube with a cotton plug having an inner diameter of 18 mm were prepared.
- sodium L-glutamate monohydrate was added to a concentration of 30 mmol / L, and for the other one nothing was added for comparison, and finally the pH was adjusted to 7.1 with aqueous ammonia. Adjusted and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 20 minutes.
- the Paracoccus genus L-25 strain selected above is inoculated into a test tube medium for seeding, and cultured at 28 ° C. for 2 days at 300 spm, and the culture solution is then added to two types of test tube media. Each 0.1 ml was inoculated and cultured with shaking at 300 spm at 28 ° C. for 3 days. When the carotenoid concentration of the culture solution was measured by HPLC, the results were as shown in Table 7. In the mutant Paracoccus genus L-25 strain, the group to which glutamic acid was added showed a higher carotenoid production concentration than the group to which glutamic acid was not added.
- Example 8 Medium of the following composition (sucrose 20 g / L, corn steep liquor filtered 5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.54 g / L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate 2.78 g / L, calcium chloride Dihydrate 5.0 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.7 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 3.0 g / L, fatty acid antifoam 0.2 g / L, pH 7.5) 100 ml Was placed in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask with a cotton stopper and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 15 minutes to prepare two seed flask media.
- composition sucrose 20 g / L, corn steep liquor filtered 5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.54 g / L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate 2.78 g / L, calcium chloride Dihydrate 5.0
- a medium having the following composition sucrose 40 g / L, corn steep liquor 30 g / L, ammonium sulfate 0.5 g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.25 g / L, disodium hydrogen phosphate 12 hydrate 5. 7 g / L, calcium chloride dihydrate 0.1 g / L, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.5 g / L, iron sulfate heptahydrate 5 g / L, fatty acid antifoam 0.5 g / L) 2 Two sets of 0.0 L in a 5 L capacity fermentor were prepared. To one fermentor, sodium L-glutamate monohydrate was added to a concentration of 50 mmol / L, and for comparison, nothing was added for comparison, and autoclaved at 121 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the mutant Paracoccus genus Y-1071 selected in Example 3 was inoculated with a platinum loop in a seed flask medium and cultured at 28 ° C. for 2 days at 150 rpm, and then 80 mL of the culture solution was added. Each fermentor was inoculated. Aerobic culture at 28 ° C. and aeration volume of 1 vvm was performed for 120 hours. The pH was continuously controlled with 15% aqueous ammonia so that the pH during the culture was maintained at 7.2. Glucose was added in an amount of 30 g on the first day, the second day, and the third day so as not to be depleted.
Abstract
Description
微生物によるアスタキサンチンの生産方法としては、緑藻類Haematococcus pluvialisによる培養法(特許文献1:特開2007-97584)、赤色酵母Phaffia rhodozymaによる発酵法(特許文献2:特開平11-69969)、Paracoccus属に属する細菌(以下、「Paracoccus属細菌」ともいう)による発酵法が報告されている。アスタキサンチンを生産するParacoccus属に属する細菌の例としては、E-396株およびA-581-1株が挙げられる(特許文献3:特開平7-79796および非特許文献3:International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (1999), 49, 277-282)。他のアスタキサンチン生産性のParacoccus属に属する細菌としては、Paracoccus marcusii MH1株(特許文献4:特表2001-512030)、Paracoccus haeundaensis BC74171株(非特許文献4:International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2004), 54, 1699-1702)、Paracoccus属細菌N-81106株(特許文献5:特開2007-244205)、Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens(非特許文献5:International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2003), 53, 231-238)およびParacoccus sp. PC-1株(特許文献6:WO 2005/118812)などが挙げられる。
アミノ酸が添加された培地を用いてカロテノイド産生細菌を培養し、得られる培養物からカロテノイドを採取することを含む、カロテノイドを製造する方法であって、
前記アミノ酸が、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン、アスパラギン、アラニン、グリシン、セリン、スレオニン、アルギニン、チロシン、プロリン、フェニルアラニンおよびロイシン並びにこれらの塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである、前記方法に関する。
上記方法において、アミノ酸はグルタミン酸またはグルタミン酸塩が好ましい。
また、アミノ酸の添加濃度は、例えば、1mmol/L~200mmol/Lである。本明細書において、「アミノ酸の添加濃度」とは、当該アミノ酸が添加された培地において達成されるアミノ酸の濃度(すなわち、添加されるアミノ酸の培地中濃度)を意味する。
また、上記カロテノイドは、例えば、アスタキサンチン、カンタキサンチン、ゼアキサンチン、β-クリプトキサンチン、リコペン、β-カロテン、フェニコキサンチン、アドニキサンチン、エキネノン、アステロイデノンおよび3-ヒドロキシエキネノンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである。
上記方法において、細菌は、Paracoccus属に属する細菌が好ましく用いられる。また、上記細菌は、16SリボソームRNAに対応するDNAの塩基配列が配列番号1に記載の塩基配列と95%以上の相同性を有する細菌でもよい。特に、上記細菌は、E-396株(FERM BP-4283)もしくはA-581-1株(FERM BP-4671)またはそれらの変異株が好ましい。
なお、本明細書において引用した全ての刊行物、例えば、先行技術文献、公開公報、特許公報およびその他の特許文献は、その全体が本明細書において参考として組み込まれる。本明細書は、本願優先権主張の基礎となる特願2008-268106号明細書の内容を包含する。
16SリボソームRNAに対応するDNAの塩基配列とは、16SリボソームRNAの塩基配列中のU(ウラシル)をT(チミン)に置き換えた塩基配列を意味する。
この16SリボソームRNAの塩基配列の相同性に基づいた微生物の分類法は、近年主流になっている。従来の微生物の分類法は、当該微生物の運動性、栄養要求性、糖の資化性など菌学的性質に基づいているため、自然突然変異による形質の変化等が生じた場合に、微生物を誤って分類する場合があった。これに対し、16SリボソームRNAの塩基配列は極めて遺伝的に安定であるので、その相同性に基づく分類法は従来の分類法に比べて分類の信頼度が格段に向上する。
変異株のスクリーニング方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、寒天培地上のコロニーの色調で目的の変異株を選択する方法の他、試験管、フラスコ、発酵槽などで変異株を培養し、吸光度、高速液体クロマトグラフィー、薄層クロマトグラフィーなどを利用したカロテノイド色素分析により目的の変異株を選択する方法などが例示される。
変異およびスクリーニングの工程は1回でもよいし、また、例えば突然変異処理とスクリーニングにより変異株を得て、これをさらに変異処理とスクリーニングにより生産性の改良された変異株を取得するというように、変異およびスクリーニング工程を2回以上繰り返してもよい。
国際寄託当局:独立行政法人 産業技術総合研究所 特許生物寄託センター
(旧名称:通商産業省工業技術院生命工学工業技術研究所)
〒305-8566
茨城県つくば市東1丁目1番地1中央第6
識別のための表示:E-396
受託番号:FERM BP-4283
原寄託日:平成5年(1993年)4月27日
識別のための表示:A-581-1
受託番号:FERM BP-4671
原寄託日:平成6年(1994年)5月20日
本発明の方法によって産生されるカロテノイドは特に限定されないが、例えば、アスタキサンチン、カンタキサンチン、ゼアキサンチン、β-クリプトキサンチン、リコペン、β-カロテン、フェニコキサンチン、アドニキサンチン、エキネノン、アステロイデノンまたは3-ヒドロキシエキネノンであり、好ましくは、アスタキサンチン、カンタキサンチン、ゼアキサンチンまたはβ-クリプトキサンチンであり、より好ましくは、アスタキサンチン、ゼアキサンチンまたはβ-クリプトキサンチンである。本発明より製造されるカロテノイドは一種でもよいし、複数種が組み合わされていてもよい。
本発明の培養に用いるカロテノイド生産用培地は、所定のアミノ酸が添加されたアミノ酸添加培地であって、かつ、カロテノイド産生細菌が生育し、カロテノイドを生産するものであるならば特に限定されないが、炭素源、窒素源、無機塩類および必要に応じてビタミン類などを含有する培地が好ましく用いられる。すなわち、本発明において、アミノ酸は、カロテノイド産生細菌が生育し、カロテノイドを産生し得る培地(例えば、標準的なカロテノイド生産用培地)に添加される。
有機窒素源としては、例えば、コーンスティープリカー(ろ過処理物を含む)、ファーマメディア、大豆粕、大豆粉、ピーナッツミール、ディスティラーズソルブルおよび乾燥酵母などの中、1種または2種以上が用いられる。添加濃度は窒素源の種類により異なり適宜調整すれば足りるが、通常、0~80g/L、好ましくは0~30g/Lである。
無機窒素源および有機窒素源は、通常始発培地に添加するが、逐次的または連続的に追加供給することも好ましく行われる。
精製アミノ酸の純度は、好ましくは90%以上、より好ましくは95%以上、さらに好ましくは98%以上、特に好ましくは99%以上である。
但し、本発明で用いるアミノ酸は、カロテノイド産生細菌の生育を阻害しない程度またはカロテノイド産生細菌のカロテノイドの産生を阻害しない程度に当該アミノ酸以外の成分を含んでいてもよい。この場合に使用されるアミノ酸は、例えば不純物などの他の成分を含まない純粋なアミノ酸であることが好ましいが、上記カロテノイドの産生を阻害しない限り未精製のもの(例えば、純度90%未満のアミノ酸)であってもよい。
酸との塩としては、例えば、塩酸塩、臭化水素酸塩、硫酸塩、リン酸塩などの無機酸塩およびギ酸、酢酸、乳酸などの有機酸塩などを挙げることができる。また、塩基との塩としては、ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩などのアルカリ金属塩、カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩などのアルカリ土類金属塩、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ピリジンなどの有機塩基塩、アンモニウム塩などを挙げることができる。
カロテノイド生産用培地に添加されるアミノ酸は、上記アミノ酸中少なくとも1種以上であり、1種でもよいが2種以上のアミノ酸を添加することも可能である。
必須アミノ酸の中でもシステイン、リジン、イソロイシンおよびメチオニンはカロテノイドの生産に対して阻害的に作用するので、本発明ではこれらを含有しないアミノ酸を培地に添加することが好ましい。
本発明の方法におけるアミノ酸添加濃度(すなわち、添加するアミノ酸の培地中濃度)に特に下限はないが、好ましくは1mmol/L以上、より好ましくは3mmol/L以上、さらに好ましくは5mmol/L以上、特に好ましくは10mmol/L、最も好ましくは15mmol/L以上である。アミノ酸の添加濃度に上限はないが、好ましくは200mmol/L以下、より好ましくは150mmol/L以下、さらに好ましくは100mmol/L以下、さらにもっと好ましくは80mmol/L以下、特に好ましくは60mmol/L以下、最も好ましくは50mmol/L以下である。従って、本発明においては、アミノ酸添加濃度は例えば1mmol/L~200mmol/Lである。
消泡剤は通常殺菌前の始発培地に添加する。さらに、培養途中に連続的または間欠的に消泡剤を追加添加してもよい。培養途中に消泡剤を添加する方法としては、センサーで泡を感知して自動添加する方法、プログラムタイマーで一定時間ごとに添加する方法、生育速度に連動するようにフィード用炭素源、窒素源またはpH調整剤などと混合して添加する方法などを例示できる。始発培地に添加する消泡剤と培養途中に培養液に添加する消泡剤とは同種でもよいが、作用に合わせて異なる種類を用いることもできる。
培養は、適切な培養容器において行われる。培養容器は培養容量により適宜選択することができ、例えば、試験管、フラスコ、発酵槽などをあげることができる。
培養温度は15~80℃、好ましくは20~35℃、より好ましくは25℃~32℃であり、通常1日~20日間、好ましくは2~12日間、より好ましくは3~9日間、好気条件で培養を行う。好気条件としては、例えば、振とう培養または通気撹拌培養等が挙げられ、溶存酸素濃度を一定の範囲に制御するのが好ましい。溶存酸素濃度の制御は、例えば、攪拌回転数、通気量、内圧などを変化させることにより行うことができる。溶存酸素濃度は好ましくは0.3~10ppm、より好ましくは0.5~7ppm、さらに好ましくは1~5ppmに制御する。
培養物は、例えば、培養液、培養上清、菌体濃縮液、湿菌体、乾燥菌体、菌体溶解物などが挙げられる。培養上清は、培養液を遠心処理またはろ過処理することで、培養液から菌体を除いて調製すればよい。菌体濃縮液は、培養液を遠心分離または膜ろ過濃縮することにより得ることができる。湿菌体は、培養液を遠心またはろ過することにより得ることができる。乾燥菌体は、湿菌体または菌体濃縮液を一般的な乾燥方法によって乾燥させることにより得ることができる。このようにして得られたカロテノイド含有乾燥菌体をそのまま飼料添加物として用いることができる。
本発明においてカロテノイドを上記培養物から採取する方法は特に限定されず、カロテノイドが安定に効率よく回収されるいずれの方法でもよい。これらの方法は、当業者に公知の抽出技術および精製技術から適宜選択して行うことができる。
抽出操作中のカロテノイドの酸化を極力防止したい場合には、窒素ガスなどの不活性ガス雰囲気で処理すればよい。また、医薬品や食品で用いられている酸化防止剤を選択して抽出溶媒に加えてもよい。あるいは、これらの処理を組み合わせてもよい。
また、光によるカロテノイドの分解を極力防止するために、光を当てない条件下で行ってもよい。
工業的に用いる場合には、晶析することが望ましい。
洗浄の手法は特に限定されないが、例えば、懸濁攪拌後に濾取する方法または沈殿物の上から通液する方法等が実用的に好ましい方法として挙げられる。
なお、実施例におけるカロテノイド類の定量は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)を用いて以下のように行った。
カラムはWakosil-II 5 SIL-100(φ4.6×250mm)(和光純薬製)を2本連結して使用した。溶出は、移動相であるn-ヘキサン-テトラヒドロフラン-メタノール混合液(40:20:1)を室温付近一定の温度にて毎分1.0mL流すことで行った。測定においては、サンプルをテトラヒドロフランで溶解したものを移動相にて100倍希釈した液20μLを注入量とし、カラム溶離液の検出は波長470nmで行った。また、定量のための標準品としては、シグマ社製アスタキサンチン(Cat.No.A9335)を用いた。標準液のアスタキサンチン濃度の設定は、標準液の477nmの吸光度(A)及び上記条件でHPLC分析を行ったときのアスタキサンチンピークの面積百分率%(B)を測定した後に、以下の式を用いて行った。
アスタキサンチンの濃度(mg/L)=A÷2150×B×100
以下の組成の培地(シュークロース30g/L,コーンスティープリカー30g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム1.5g/L,リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物3.8g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物5.0g/L、硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.7g/L、硫酸鉄7水和物0.3g/L、pH7.2)8mlを内径18mmの綿栓付き試験管に入れ121℃で15分間オートクレーブ殺菌し、シード用試験管培地を調製した。
次に以下の組成の培地(グルコース30g/L,コーンスティープリカーろ過処理物5g/L,硫酸アンモニウム1.5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム1.5g/L,リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物3.8g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物5.0g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.7g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物0.6g/L、エステル系消泡剤0.2g/L)8mlを内径18mmの綿栓付き試験管に入れたものを21本準備した。
これにグリシン、アラニン、バリン、ロイシン、イソロイシン、セリン、スレオニン、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン、グルタミン、リジン、アルギニン、システイン、メチオニン、フェニルアラニン、チロシン、トリプトファン、ヒスチジンおよびプロリンの20種類のアミノ酸をそれぞれ1.0g/Lになるように添加した。1本は比較のためアミノ酸を何も添加しなかった。最後に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液または硫酸水溶液でpH7.1に調整し、121℃で20分間オートクレーブ殺菌した。
以下の組成の培地(グルコース20g/L,コーンスティープリカーろ過処理物5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム0.54g/L,リン酸水素二カリウム12水和物2.78g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物5.0g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.7g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物3.0g/L、アルコール系消泡剤0.2g/L、pH7.5)100mlを500mL容量の綿栓付き三角フラスコに入れ、121℃で15分間オートクレーブ殺菌し、シード用フラスコ培地を8本調製した。
次に以下の組成の培地(グルコース40g/L,コーンスティープリカー30g/L,硫酸アンモニウム0.5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム2.25g/L,リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物5.7g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物0.1g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.5g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物5g/L、アルコール系消泡剤0.5g/L)2.0Lを5L容量の発酵槽に入れたものを8基準備した。これにL-グルタミン酸ナトリウム1水和物をそれぞれ0、1、5、15、30、50、100および200mmol/Lになるように添加し、121℃で30分間オートクレーブ殺菌した。
Paracoccus carotinifaciens E-396株をN-メチル-N’-ニトロ-N-ニトロソグアニジンで変異処理し、赤色の色調が濃いコロニーを選択し
た。選択された株の培養液中のカロテノイドを分析し、アスタキサンチン生産性の向上した変異株Y-1071株を選択した。
次に以下の組成の培地(シュークロース30g/L,ファーマメディア20g/L,硫酸アンモニウム1.5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム1.5g/L,リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物3.8g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物0.1g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物4.5g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物5g/L、ビオチン1mg/L、シリコン系消泡剤1g/L)8mlを内径18mmの綿栓付き試験管に入れたものを2本準備した。1本にはL-グルタミン酸ソーダ1水和物を30mmol/Lになるように添加し、他の1本には比較のため何も添加せず、最後に水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpH7.1に調整し、121℃で20分間オートクレーブ殺菌した。
培養液のカロテノイド濃度をHPLCにより測定したところ、結果は表3に示すとおりであった。
変異株であるParacoccus属細菌Y-1071株においても、グルタミン酸を添加した区は、添加しなかった区に比較して高いカロテノイド生産濃度を示した。
以下の組成の培地(グルコース20g/L,乾燥酵母5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム1.5g/L,リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物3.8g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物0.1g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.7g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物3g/L、pH7.2)8mlを内径18mmの綿栓付き試験管に入れ121℃で15分間オートクレーブ殺菌し、シード用試験管培地を調製した。
ここで、グルコース、無機塩類、微量金属類およびビタミン類は別々に調製し、グルコース、無機塩類および微量金属類は121℃、15分加熱殺菌し、ビタミン類はろ過滅菌し、あとで4種の溶液を混合した。
さらに、試験管の1本には加熱殺菌したL-グルタミン酸ソーダ1水和物水溶液を6g/L(32mmol/L)になるように加え、1本には加熱殺菌した酵母エキス水溶液を6g/Lになるように,1本には当該酵母エキスを12g/Lになるように加え,残りの1本には何も添加しなかった。最後にpH7.2になるように無菌的に12%アンモニア水を加えた。
培養液のカロテノイド濃度をHPLCにより測定したところ、表4に示すとおり、無添加区に比較してグルタミン酸添加区では高いカロテノイド生産濃度を示した。酵母エキス添加区ではグルタミン酸添加区ほどの顕著な生産向上効果は認められなかった。
以下の組成の培地(シュークロース20g/L,コーンスティープリカーろ過処理物5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム0.54g/L,リン酸水素二カリウム12水和物2.78g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物5.0g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.7g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物3.0g/L、アルコール系消泡剤0.2g/L、pH7.5)100mlを500mL容量の綿栓付き三角フラスコに入れ、121℃で15分間オートクレーブ殺菌し、シード用フラスコ培地を2本調製した。
次に以下の組成の培地(グルコース40g/L,コーンスティープリカー30g/L,硫酸アンモニウム0.5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム2.25g/L,リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物5.7g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物0.1g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.5g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物5g/L、アルコール系消泡剤0.5g/L)2.0Lを5L容量の発酵槽に入れたものを2基準備した。1基の発酵槽にはL-グルタミン酸ナトリウム1水和物を15mmol/Lになるように添加し、1基には比較のために何も添加しなかった。これらの発酵槽を121℃で30分間オートクレーブ殺菌した。
Paracoccus属細菌A-581-1株(FERM BP-4671)を紫外線照射により変異処理し、赤色の色調が濃いコロニーを選択した。選択された株の培養液中のカロテノイドを分析し、アスタキサンチン生産性の向上した変異株K-185株を選択した。
次に以下の組成の培地(グルコース30g/L,大豆粕20g/L,硫酸アンモニウム1.5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム1.5g/L,リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物3.8g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物5.0g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.7g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物0.6g/L、エステル系消泡剤0.2g/L)8mlを内径18mmの綿栓付き試験管に入れたものを2本準備した。1本の試験管にはL-グルタミン酸ソーダ1水和物を30mmol/Lになるように添加し、他の1本には比較のため何も添加せず、最後にアンモニア水でpH7.1に調整し、121℃で20分間オートクレーブ殺菌した。
変異株であるParacoccus属細菌K-185株においても、グルタミン酸を添加した区は、添加しなかった区に比較して高いカロテノイド生産濃度を示した。
E-396株(FERM BP-4283)をN-メチル-N'-ニトロ-N-ニトロソグアニジンで変異処理し、赤紫色を呈する変異株コロニーを選択し、さらに、培養液中のカロテノイド化合物の分析を高速液体クロマトグラフィーにより行い、リコペンを特異的に生産する菌株L-25株を選抜した。
次に以下の組成の培地(グルコース30g/L,コーンスティープリカーろ過処理物5g/L,硫酸アンモニウム1.5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム1.5g/L,リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物3.8g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物5.0g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.7g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物0.6g/L、エステル系消泡剤0.2g/L)8mlを内径18mmの綿栓付き試験管に入れたものを2本準備した。1本の試験管にはL-グルタミン酸ソーダ1水和物を30mmol/Lになるように添加し、他の1本には比較のため何も添加せず、最後にアンモニア水でpH7.1に調整し、121℃で20分間オートクレーブ殺菌した。
変異株であるParacoccus属細菌L-25株においても、グルタミン酸を添加した区は、添加しなかった区に比較して高いカロテノイド生産濃度を示した。
以下の組成の培地(シュークロース20g/L,コーンスティープリカーろ過処理物5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム0.54g/L,リン酸水素二カリウム12水和物2.78g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物5.0g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.7g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物3.0g/L、脂肪酸系消泡剤0.2g/L、pH7.5)100mlを500mL容量の綿栓付き三角フラスコに入れ、121℃で15分間オートクレーブ殺菌し、シード用フラスコ培地を2本調製した。
次に以下の組成の培地(シュークロース40g/L,コーンスティープリカー30g/L,硫酸アンモニウム0.5g/L、リン酸二水素カリウム2.25g/L,リン酸水素二ナトリウム12水和物5.7g/L,塩化カルシウム2水和物0.1g/L,硫酸マグネシウム7水和物0.5g/L,硫酸鉄7水和物5g/L、脂肪酸系消泡剤0.5g/L)2.0Lを5L容量の発酵槽に入れたものを2基準備した。1基の発酵槽にはL-グルタミン酸ナトリウム1水和物を50mmol/Lになるように添加し、1基には比較のために何も添加せず、121℃で30分間オートクレーブ殺菌した。
培養終了時の培養液のカロテノイド濃度をHPLCにより測定したところ、結果は表8に示すとおりであった。グルタミン酸添加区は、無添加区に比較して高いカロテノイド生産濃度を示した。
n=a,c,gまたはt(存在位置:1350)
Claims (7)
- アミノ酸が添加された培地を用いてカロテノイド産生細菌を培養し、得られる培養物からカロテノイドを採取することを含む、カロテノイドを製造する方法であって、
前記アミノ酸が、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン、アスパラギン、アラニン、グリシン、セリン、スレオニン、アルギニン、チロシン、プロリン、フェニルアラニンおよびロイシン並びにこれらの塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである、前記方法。 - アミノ酸がグルタミン酸またはグルタミン酸塩である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アミノ酸の添加濃度が1mmol/L~200mmol/Lである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- カロテノイドがアスタキサンチン、カンタキサンチン、ゼアキサンチン、β-クリプトキサンチン、リコペン、β-カロテン、フェニコキサンチン、アドニキサンチン、エキネノン、アステロイデノンおよび3-ヒドロキシエキネノンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 細菌がParacoccus属に属する細菌である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 細菌は、16SリボソームRNAに対応するDNAの塩基配列が配列番号1に記載の塩基配列と95%以上の相同性を有する細菌である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 細菌が、E-396株(FERM BP-4283)もしくはA-581-1株(FERM BP-4671)またはそれらの変異株である、請求項1に記載の方法。
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CA2740967C (en) | 2016-02-23 |
CN102186984B (zh) | 2016-01-13 |
JPWO2010044469A1 (ja) | 2012-03-15 |
JP5714907B2 (ja) | 2015-05-07 |
US20110262981A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
CN102186984A (zh) | 2011-09-14 |
NZ592213A (en) | 2012-10-26 |
KR20110071013A (ko) | 2011-06-27 |
US8993282B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
EP2345736A1 (en) | 2011-07-20 |
RU2461628C1 (ru) | 2012-09-20 |
KR101392066B1 (ko) | 2014-05-07 |
AU2009304688A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
EP2345736A4 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
CA2740967A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
AU2009304688B2 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
EP2345736B1 (en) | 2016-04-20 |
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