WO2010040254A1 - 黄芩黄酮在制备治疗肠道病毒感染药物的应用 - Google Patents

黄芩黄酮在制备治疗肠道病毒感染药物的应用 Download PDF

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WO2010040254A1
WO2010040254A1 PCT/CN2008/072600 CN2008072600W WO2010040254A1 WO 2010040254 A1 WO2010040254 A1 WO 2010040254A1 CN 2008072600 W CN2008072600 W CN 2008072600W WO 2010040254 A1 WO2010040254 A1 WO 2010040254A1
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xanthine
baicalin
enterovirus
flavonoid
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PCT/CN2008/072600
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French (fr)
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刘家琛
曲敬来
刘玉玲
温纯青
温育青
曾晓莲
高雪
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大百汇生物科技(深圳)有限公司
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Publication of WO2010040254A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010040254A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/18Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
    • A61K36/185Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
    • A61K36/53Lamiaceae or Labiatae (Mint family), e.g. thyme, rosemary or lavender
    • A61K36/539Scutellaria (skullcap)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/335Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
    • A61K31/35Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/352Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline 
    • A61K31/3533,4-Dihydrobenzopyrans, e.g. chroman, catechin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7042Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/7048Compounds having saccharide radicals and heterocyclic rings having oxygen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. leucoglucosan, hesperidin, erythromycin, nystatin, digitoxin or digoxin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/107Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/14Antivirals for RNA viruses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a class of flavonoid active substances useful for combating enterovirus infection.
  • the flavonoid active substance is baicalin, and specifically comprises an extract of baicalein, baicalin and total flavonoids of astragalus.
  • the enterovirus refers to coxsackievirus group A, coxsackievirus group B, echovirus and enterovirus EV71 which cause hand, foot and mouth disease.
  • the flavonoid active substance is mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to prepare a patient, which can be administered by injection, mucous membrane, oral administration or inhalation, and can be used for the treatment and prevention of hand, foot and mouth disease. It belongs to the field of biomedical technology. Background technique
  • Hand-foot-mouth disease is a common infectious disease caused by Duozhong enterovirus, which is mainly caused by infants and young children. Most patients have mild symptoms and are characterized by fever and rash or herpes in the hands, feet, mouth, etc. A small number of patients may be complicated by aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, respiratory infections and myocarditis. Individual severe cases are progressing rapidly and are prone to death. Children and adults do not develop symptoms after infection, but can spread the virus.
  • Duozhong enterovirus which is mainly caused by infants and young children. Most patients have mild symptoms and are characterized by fever and rash or herpes in the hands, feet, mouth, etc. A small number of patients may be complicated by aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, respiratory infections and myocarditis. Individual severe cases are progressing rapidly and are prone to death. Children and adults do not develop symptoms after infection, but can spread the virus.
  • enteroviruses causing hand, foot and mouth disease, mainly small RNA virus family, enterovirus genus Coxasckie virus A group 16, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, B group 2, 5 Type 13; certain serotypes of ECHO viruses and enterovirus 71 (EV71), of which CoxA16 and EV71 are the most common.
  • Hand, foot and mouth disease is a global infectious disease, and is reported in most parts of the world.
  • the pathogen of hand-foot-mouth disease found early was mainly Cox A16.
  • EV71 was first confirmed in the United States. Since then, EV71 infection has alternated with Cox A16 infection, becoming the main pathogen of hand, foot and mouth disease.
  • CoxA16 most of which are infections caused by the EV71 enterovirus. Since May 2, 2008, hand, foot and mouth disease has been included in the management of Class C infectious diseases in China.
  • Traditional Chinese medicine not only has the advantages of low drug resistance, side effects and less adverse reactions, but also has a comprehensive effect of inhibiting viral replication, regulating immune function, improving blood circulation, antipyretic and analgesic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, and is unique in preventing and treating viral infections. Advantages and broad development prospects. Studies have shown that most of the traditional Chinese medicines for clearing away heat and detoxification have direct antiviral effects, such as forsythia, honeysuckle, wild chrysanthemum, yellow lotus, astragalus, big green leaf, houttuynia, Bupleurum, and burdock. The composition of this kind of medicinal materials is complex. There are two main types of researches at present: one is polyphenols and the other is flavonoids. Therefore, screening active substances with antiviral activity from polyphenols or flavonoids of heat-clearing and detoxifying Chinese herbal medicines is one of the important ways to develop antiviral drugs.
  • Astragalus is the dry root of the scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. It is also known as the scorpion, the scorpion, the one-tailed scorpion, the scorpion scorpion, the yellow scorpion, etc. It has heat, diarrhea, detoxification, hemostasis, The role of tonics is an important medicine for the treatment of lung heat in Chinese medicine. It has a history of use in China for thousands of years and is safe. It is included in the Shennong Bencao Classic and listed as a middle product. At present, Shuanghuanglian injection, Tanreqing injection and Qingkailing injection, which are used clinically for clearing away heat and detoxifying and treating lung heat, all take Chinese traditional medicine Astragalus as the main medicine.
  • Flavonoids are important active substances in Astragalus, including Baicalin, Baicalein, wogomin, and Wogonoside. Among them, baicalin and baicalein are more active. Strong.
  • the chemical name of baicalein is 5, 6, 7-trihydroxyflavone baicalin.
  • the baicalin-7-0-glucuronide formed by the substitution of the 7-hydroxyl group of baicalein is baicalin.
  • Baicalein is aglycon of baicalin, which has similar pharmacological activities.
  • the chemical structural formula is as follows: HO HO
  • the flavonoids in Astragalus membranaceus have a wide range of pharmacological effects such as inhibition of pancreatic enzyme activity, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and scavenging free radicals.
  • the main anti-inflammatory and anti-viral active substances are baicalin, baicalein and Han Huangqi.
  • the flavonoids of Astragalus membranaceus have broad-spectrum antiviral activity, have inactivated effects on various viruses, and have obvious inhibitory effects on inflammatory exudation and edema, and have obvious antipyretic effects on fever caused by various viral infections; Enhance the immune function of the body cells, improve the phagocytic ability of white blood cells, neutrophils and macrophages.
  • Studies on the antiviral effects of Astragalus flavonoids have focused on respiratory influenza viruses, hepatitis viruses and HIV, and the inhibitory effects on various enteroviruses causing hand, foot and mouth disease have not been reported.
  • the present invention is applied to the research field of intestinal viruses, and the inhibitory effects of flavonoids of Astragalus membranaceus on various enteroviruses are investigated.
  • the research content of the present invention has important value and great practical significance for the development of hand, foot and mouth disease treatment and prevention drugs.
  • the present invention provides a use of a flavonoid active substance for the preparation of a medicament for treating enterovirus infection.
  • the active substance is xanthine flavone, specifically including baicalein, baicalin and total flavonoid extract of astragalus.
  • the monomers of baicalein and baicalin which are involved in the present invention can be obtained by a method of extracting and improving the extract of Astragalus membranaceus, and can also be prepared by a chemical synthesis method.
  • the total flavonoid extract of Astragalus membranaceus can be obtained by a known technique or by purchasing a commercially available product.
  • the conventional extraction method includes a water boiling method, an ethanol reflux method, an ethanol and/or a water room temperature leaching method, and the like, and a mixed component obtained from the Astragalus membranaceus; the flavonoid component of the extract,
  • baicalin In addition to baicalin, at least one of baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin is also included.
  • the total flavonoid content (calculated as baicalin) was more than 50% as determined by HPLC.
  • the invention carries out in vitro antiviral test and clinical curative effect observation on the flavonoid active substance of astragalus.
  • the invention investigates the cytotoxic effect of baicalein, baicalin and different content of total flavonoids of astragalus on VERO cells (green monkey kidney cells), and calculates the half toxic concentration TC 5Q of the drug by Reed and Muench method, and determines Maximum non-toxic concentration TQ).
  • VERO cells green monkey kidney cells
  • the inhibitory effects of each test drug on Coxsackie virus group A subtype, Coxsackie virus B subtype, Echovirus and enterovirus EV71 were investigated, and the drug pair was calculated by Reed and Muench method.
  • Virus growth inhibition rate and half effective concentration IC 5 () were investigated.
  • baicalin > baicalin > baicalin extract the sum of baicalein and baicalin was 74.4%.
  • the extract of baicalin the sum of safrole and baicalin was 50%).
  • the enterovirus is selected from at least one of enterovirus EV71, Coxasckie virus or ECHO viruses.
  • the Coxsackie virus includes a Coxsackie virus group A subtype and a Coxsackie virus B group subtype.
  • the Coxsackievirus A subtype includes the A16, A4, A5, A7, A9 and A10 types of the A group
  • the B group subtype of the Coxsackie virus includes the B2, B5 and B13 types of the B group.
  • Coxsackie viruses include Cox A16, A5 and Cox B 2 or enterovirus EV71, and more preferably Coxsackie virus is A 16 type or enterovirus EV71 of the Cox A group.
  • the present invention also examined the clinical effect of baicalein in the treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease.
  • the patients meeting the diagnostic criteria were randomly divided into two groups, 30 in the treatment group and 30 in the control group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, duration of illness, and condition.
  • the control group was treated with ribavirin.
  • the treatment group was combined with the application of baicalein spray on the basis of the control group.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of treating and preventing hand, foot and mouth disease caused by an enterovirus, which is administered by oral, injection, inhalation or mucosal route.
  • the xanthine flavonoid preparation is a mixture of xanthine flavonoids and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to form a patient acceptable preparation.
  • Preferred in the xanthine flavonoid preparation is the xanthine flavonoid/lipid complex.
  • the lipid material is selected from the group consisting of natural lipids, synthetic lipids, and mixtures thereof.
  • the natural lipid material described therein is selected from at least one of soybean lecithin, egg yolk lecithin, cholesterol, cholic acid, sodium alginate or chitosan. Preferred is soy lecithin.
  • the preparation method of the astragalus flavonoid/lipid complex is as follows: the flavonoids of the astragalus and the lipid material are mixed in a certain ratio, dissolved in an appropriate amount of organic solvent, or separately dissolved in different organic solvents, and then mixed, and stirred under suitable temperature conditions. Dry, to obtain a xanthine flavonoid / lipid complex.
  • the drying includes rotary evaporation, spray drying or freeze drying.
  • Preferred among the organic solvents is tetrahydrofuran. Take the appropriate amount of soybean lecithin, the drug/soybean phospholipid molar ratio is 1:4, dissolve in tetrahydrofuran, stir for 2 hours, remove the dissolved phospholipid complex by rotary evaporation, add appropriate amount of mannitol and CMC-Na, use 40% uncle Butanol is dissolved, lyophilized, and diluted with water to form a solution containing xanthophyll concentration of 0. 1-1. 0%, dispensed in a quantitative spray bottle, and set aside.
  • Or soy lecithin is firstly made into a phospholipid complex, and then dissolved in a 0.5% CMC-Na solution to prepare a solution containing baicalein 0.1-1. 0%, which is administered by oral and throat spray. Optimal The concentration is 0.5%.
  • Another preferred ingredient in the xanthine flavonoid preparation is the xanthine flavonoid oil-in-water (0/W) fat emulsion.
  • Fat emulsions include oil phase, aqueous phase, emulsifier, co-emulsifier and stabilizer.
  • Astragalus flavonoid oil-in-water (0/W) preparation method of fat emulsion The xanthine flavonoid/lipid complex is dissolved in oil to form an oil phase, and an aqueous phase, an emulsifier, a co-emulsifier and a stabilizer are added, and emulsified to prepare an oil-in-water (0/W) fat emulsion.
  • the xanthine flavonoids described in the flavonoid preparation of xanthine are selected from the group consisting of baicalein, baicalin and xanthine xanthone extract, and the preferred xanthine flavonoid is baicalein. detailed description
  • Determination method Take four groups of test samples, accurately weighed, add methanol to dissolve and dilute to a concentration of lO g / mL solution, filter, take the filtrate as a test solution; another take baicalein, jaundice
  • the appropriate amount of the glycoside reference substance is prepared by the same method as the reference solution of the same concentration; the control solution and the test solution are respectively measured, and the column is determined by HPLC method, and the column is Agilent ZORBAX SB C18 column (25 mm ⁇ 4.6 mm, 5 ⁇ ), mobile phase and See the elution gradient
  • the following table flow rate lmL / min, injection volume 20 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , detection wavelength 275nm, room temperature detection.
  • the contents of baicalein and baicalin were calculated according to the external standard according to the respective control methods.
  • the content of total flavonoids extract of astragalus was calculated by external standard method using baicalin as control.
  • the cells used in the in vitro antiviral test were VERO green monkey kidney cells (granted by the University of Hong Kong, self-subcultured); the reagents used included cell culture medium, MEM medium (IX) 500 ml (GIBCO, USA), trypsin digestion Liquid (0.25% trypsin, 0.02% EDTA) (GIBCO, USA), fetal bovine serum (GIBCO, USA); Amp + strep (GIBCO, USA), maintenance solution (MEM medium + 2% fetal cattle) Serum), DMSO (Sigma) and MTT (Sigma); instruments used include T25 cell culture flasks, culture plates 96-well plates (CORNING, USA), carbon dioxide incubators (CORNING, USA), microplate readers (Bole) ) and inverted microscope (OLYMPAS).
  • Cell culture should be covered with VERO cells, aspirate the culture solution, add 1 ml of trypsin digest, digest at 37 ° C for 10 minutes, discard the trypsin, add the culture solution to blow the cells down, pass 1:3, 3 days to fill, digest And counting, inoculation 96-well cell culture plate, 0.1 ml per well, the number of cells was 10 4 /ml, cultured at 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 for 24 hours, and the cells were grown into a single layer and then subjected to an experiment.
  • Drug cytotoxicity test Take the test drug, add DMSO to make a stock solution with a concentration of 10m g /ml, and store the stock solution with the culture solution to the appropriate concentration, 5 dilutions.
  • each drug was given a drug-free cell control. After culturing for 48 hours, discard the culture solution, add 0.5 ⁇ l/ml of MTT solution to 20 ⁇ l, continue to culture for 4 hours, remove the supernatant, add 40 ⁇ l DMSO per well to reduce solvent interference, and measure each well with a microplate after 20 min. The OD value (select a single wavelength of 570 nm) and calculate TD 5() by the Reed and Muench method.
  • TC 50 lg" 1 [lgD-i ( ⁇ Pi-0. 5 )]
  • D is the maximum concentration of the drug
  • i is the logarithm of the ratio between adjacent doses
  • P is the inhibition rate of the drug on the cell growth
  • the maximum non-toxic concentration was determined according to the MTT results 03 ⁇ 4)).
  • Drug-to-virus inhibition test VERO cells were seeded in 96-well cell culture plates at 0.1 ml per well, cultured at 37 ° C, 5 % CO 2 for 24 hours, and the culture medium was discarded. Each well was inoculated with 50 ⁇ l of 100 TCID 5Q virus solution, and after adsorption for 90 min, discarded. The virus supernatant, according to the results of the cytotoxicity experiment, added different concentrations of the drug ⁇ /well in a non-toxic range, and set a normal cell control group and a virus control group. The plate was then incubated at 37 ° C 5% CO 2 and the CPE was observed daily.
  • Half effective concentration (IC 5 Q) lg - 1 [lgD-i ( ⁇ Pi-0. 5 )] where D is the maximum concentration of the drug, 1 is the logarithm of the ratio between adjacent doses, and P is the drug against virus growth Inhibition rate
  • test method is the same as in the second embodiment.
  • test method is the same as in the second embodiment.
  • Table 4 Total flavonoid extract of Astragalus membranaceus 1 Inhibition of different enteroviruses
  • Coxsackie virus type A16 >400 100 1.605 >25
  • Coxsackie virus type A5 >400 100 1.749 >25
  • Coxsackie virus type B2 >400 100 1.980 >25
  • Example 5 Total flavonoid extract of astragalus 2 Inhibition of enterovirus
  • test method is the same as in the second embodiment.
  • baicalein Take the appropriate amount of baicalein, according to the drug / soybean phospholipid molar ratio of 1: 4, dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, stirred for 2 hours, remove the solvent by rotary evaporation, add appropriate amount of mannitol and CMC-Na, dissolve with 40% t-butanol, freeze The solution is prepared by dissolving with water and diluting with a concentration of 0.5% of baicalein in a quantitative spray bottle.
  • baicalein a 0.5% solution containing baicalein was prepared and dispensed into a quantitative spray bottle for use.
  • Example 7 Observation of clinical efficacy of baicalein in hand, foot and mouth disease
  • Cases and group children with hand, foot and mouth disease in 60 cases all meet the following diagnostic criteria: (1) epidemiological data, (2) fever, mostly moderate or moderate fever, (3) herpes, to the palm of the hand and foot Herpes is characterized by a blush around the base of herpes, and some cases of herpes occur around the anus. (4) Oral herpes often coincides with hand and foot herpes or precedes herpes and feet.
  • the patients were randomly divided into two groups, 30 in the treatment group and 30 in the control group, aged 6 months to 10 years. There were no significant differences in gender, age, disease duration, and condition between the two groups.
  • Treatment plan The control group was treated with ribavirin injection 10-15 mg / kg, diluted with 5 % glucose injection and intravenously infused once a day.
  • the treatment group was administered with 0.5% baicalein spray, administered by oral and throat spray, twice daily, 1 spray per spray, 0.1 ml per spray. 5 days was a course of treatment, and both groups were given conventional fluid therapy and symptomatic treatment.
  • Curative effect Cure normal body temperature, rash subsided, oral ulcers healed well; effective: body temperature showed a downward trend, rash decreased, oral ulcer partially healed; invalid: no change in body temperature or higher than normal, no change in rash and oral ulcer.
  • the results showed that the treatment group treated with baicalin spray was significantly better than the control group, and the two were statistically significant.
  • Table 6 The therapeutic effect of baicalein on the foot and mouth disease

Description

黄芩黄酮在制备治疗肠道病毒感染药物中的应用
技 术领 域
本发明涉及一类可用于抗肠道病毒感染的黄酮类活性物质。所述 的黄酮活性物质为黄芩黄酮, 具体包括黄芩素、黄芩苷和黄芩总黄酮 提取物。 所述的肠道病毒系指引起手足口病的柯萨奇病毒 A组、 柯萨 奇病毒 B组、 埃可病毒和肠道病毒 EV71。 将黄酮类活性物质与药剂学 上允许的赋形剂混合, 制成患者可按受的制剂, 通过注射、 粘膜、 口 服或吸入给药, 可用于手足口病的治疗及预防。属于生物医药技术领 域。 背 景 技术
手足口病 (Hand-foot-mouth disease, HFMD) 是由多禾中肠道病 毒引起的常见传染病, 以婴幼儿发病为主。大多数患者症状轻微, 以 发热和手、足、 口腔等部位的皮疹或疱疹为主要特征。少数患者可并 发无菌性脑膜炎、 脑炎、 急性弛缓性麻痹、 呼吸道感染和心肌炎等, 个别重症患儿病情进展快, 易发生死亡。少年儿童和成人感染后多不 发病,但能够传播病毒。引起手足口病的肠道病毒很多,主要为小 RNA 病毒科、 肠道病毒属的柯萨奇病毒(Coxasckie virus) A组 16、 4、 5、 7、 9、 10型, B组 2、 5、 13型; 埃可病毒 (ECHO viruses ) 的某些血 清型和肠道病毒 71型 (EV71 ) , 其中以 CoxA16型及 EV71型最为常见。 手足口病是全球性传染病, 世界大部分地区均有此病流行的报道。早 期发现的手足口病的病原体主要为 Cox A16型, 1969年 EV71在美国被 首次确认。 此后 EV71感染与 Cox A16感染交替出现, 成为手足口病的 主要病原体。 EV71感染引起重症的比例高于其他类型肠道病毒, 重症 患儿病死率较高。上世纪 70年代以来, 一些欧亚国家和地区先后发生 较大规模 EV71感染流行。 1998年, 我国台湾地区曾发生大规模 EV71 疫情,报告病例 129106例,其中重症 405例,死亡 78例。 2008年 3月, 安 徽省阜阳市发生了较大规模的手足口病疫情, 病原体为 EV71和
CoxA16 , 其中多数为 EV71肠道病毒引起的感染。 自 2008年 5月 2日起, 手足口病纳入我国丙类传染病管理。
目前尚无针对手足口病的疫苗和特效治疗药物。 因此, 寻找一种 疗效明确的治疗及预防手足口病药物成为医疗界关注的焦点。
中药不仅具有耐药性低、 副作用和不良反应少等优点, 而且还有 抑制病毒复制、 调节免疫功能、 改善血液循环、解热镇痛及抗菌消炎 等综合功效,其在防治病毒感染方面具有独特的优势和广阔的发展前 景。研究表明,清热解毒类中药大多具有直接抗病毒的作用,如连翘、 金银花、 野菊花、 黄莲、 黄芩、 大青叶、 鱼腥草、 柴胡、 牛蒡子等。 该类药材所含成分复杂, 目前研究比较清楚的主要有两类:一是多酚 类物质, 另一类是黄酮类物质。 因此, 从清热解毒类中药材的多酚或 黄酮类成分中筛选具有抗病毒作用的活性物质是发展抗病毒药物的 重要途径之一。
黄芩为唇形科 (l abiatae)植物黄芩 (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)的干 燥根, 又名子芩、 条芩、 独尾芩、 鼠尾芩、 黄芩条等, 具有清热、 泻 火、 解毒、 止血、 安胎等作用, 是中医治疗肺热的要药, 在我国有上 千年的使用历史, 安全性好,被收载于《神农本草经》中并列为中品。 目前临床上用于清热解毒和治疗肺热的双黄连注射液、痰热清注射液 和清开灵注射液均将中药黄芩作为主要药材。黄酮是黄芩中的重要活 性物质, 主要包括黄芩苷 ( Baicalin)、 黄芩素 (Baicalein)、 汉黄芩素 (wogomin)、 汉黄芩苷 (Wogonoside) 等四种成分, 其中以黄芩苷和 黄芩素活性较强。 黄芩素化学名称为 5, 6, 7—三羟黄酮黄芩苷。 黄 芩素 7位羟基被取代后形成的黄芩素 -7-0-葡萄糖醛酸苷即为黄芩苷。 黄芩素为黄芩苷的苷元,两者具有类似的药理活性,化学结构式如下: HO HO
Figure imgf000004_0001
大量研究证实黄芩中的黄酮类成分具有抑制胰酶活性、 抗菌、 抑 制炎症反应、 抗病毒、 清除自由基等广泛的药理作用, 其中抗炎、 抗 病毒的主要活性物质为黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素。黄芩黄酮类成分 具有广谱抗病毒活性, 对多种病毒有灭活作用, 对炎症的渗出、 水肿 均有明显的抑制作用, 对各种病毒感染引起的发热有明显解热作用; 并能增强机体细胞的免疫功能, 提高白细胞、 中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞 对病毒的吞噬能力。有关黄芩黄酮抗病毒作用的研究, 目前主要集中 在呼吸道流感病毒、肝炎病毒和艾滋病病毒, 而对引起手足口病的各 类肠道病毒的抑制作用尚未见报道。
基于黄芩黄酮类成分的药理作用特点,本发明将其应用到肠道病 毒的研究领域中, 考察黄芩黄酮类成分对各类肠道病毒的抑制作用。 鉴于手足口病目前尚无特效治疗药物和疫苗,本发明研究内容对发展 手足口病治疗及预防药物具有重要价值和重大现实意义。
B月 ^ I
为解决现有技术中存在的问题, 本发明提供了一类黄酮活性物质 在制备治疗肠道病毒感染药物的应用。
所述的活性物质为黄芩黄酮, 具体包括黄芩素、 黄芩苷和黄芩总 黄酮提取物。 本发明中涉及的黄芩素和黄芩苷的单体可采用黄芩药材提取精 制的方法获得, 还可采用化学合成的方法制备。
黄芩总黄酮提取物可以通过公知的技术制备或购买市售的产品 获得。 常规提取方法包括水煎煮法、 乙醇回流法、 乙醇和 /或水室温 浸提法等,从黄芩药材中提取得到的混合成分;提取物的黄酮组分中, 除黄芩苷外, 还包含黄芩素、 汉黄芩苷和汉黄芩素中的至少一种。采 用 HPLC法测定, 总黄酮含量 (以黄芩苷计) 在 50 %以上。 本发明进行对黄芩黄酮类活性物质进行了体外抗病毒试验和临 床疗效观察。
本发明考察了黄芩素、 黄芩苷及不同含量的黄芩总黄酮提取物对 VERO细胞 (绿猴肾细胞) 的细胞毒性作用, 采用 Reed and Muench 法对药物半数有毒浓度 TC5Q进行了计算, 并确定最大无毒浓度 TQ)。 在此基础上, 考察了各受试药物对柯萨奇病毒 A组亚型、柯萨奇病毒 B组亚型、埃可病毒和肠道病毒 EV71的抑制效果,以 Reed and Muench 法计算药物对病毒生长抑制率及半数有效浓度 IC5()
结果表明, 黄芩素和黄芩苷单体及黄芩总黄酮提取物对肠道病毒 具有明显的抑制作用, 安全性好。 对病毒的抑制活性依次为黄芩素〉 黄芩苷〉 黄芩黄酮提取物 (黄芩素和黄芩苷含量总和为 73. 4% )〉 黄 芩黄酮提取物 (黄芩素和黄芩苷含量总和为 50% )。
所述的肠道病毒选自肠道病毒 EV71、 柯萨奇病毒(Coxasckie virus)或埃可病毒 ( ECHO viruses ) 中至少一种。
所述的柯萨奇病毒包括柯萨奇病毒 A组亚型、 柯萨奇病毒 B组亚 型。
所述的柯萨奇病毒 A组亚型包括 A组的 A16、 A4、 A5、 A7、 A9 和 A10型, 柯萨奇病毒 B组亚型包括 B组的 B2、 B5、 B13型。
优选的柯萨奇病毒包括 Cox A16、 A5 和 Cox B 2 或肠道病毒 EV71 ,更优选的柯萨奇病毒为 Cox A组的 A 16型或肠道病毒 EV71。 在体外抗病毒试验基础上, 本发明又考察了黄芩素用于手足口病 治疗的临床效果, 将符合诊断标准的病例随机分为两组, 治疗组 30 例, 对照组 30例, 两组在性别、 年龄、 病程、 病情方面无明显差异。 对照组用利巴韦林治疗。治疗组在对照组基础上, 配合应用黄芩素喷 剂。结果显示治疗组的治愈率为 18/30、 有效率为 10/30、 总有效率为 93.3 % , 而对照组的治愈率为 10/30、 有效率为 8/30、 总有效率为 60.3 %。 经卡方检验, p<0.05, 治疗组与对照组有统计学意义。 说明 黄芩黄酮类活性物质用于手足口病的治疗和预防, 具有显著疗效。 本发明另一方面涉及一种治疗和预防由肠道病毒引起的手足口 病的方法, 通过口服、 注射、 吸入或粘膜途径给予黄芩黄酮制剂。
所述的黄芩黄酮制剂是黄芩黄酮与药剂学上允许的赋形剂混合, 制成患者可接受的制剂。 黄芩黄酮制剂中优选的是黄芩黄酮 /脂质复合物。
所述的黄芩黄酮 /脂质复合物中黄芩黄酮和脂质重量比例范围黄 芩黄酮: 脂质材料 =1 : 19-3 : 1。
脂质材料选自天然脂质、 合成脂质以及它们的混合物,
其中所述的天然脂质材料选自大豆卵磷脂、蛋黄卵磷脂、胆甾醇、 胆酸、 海藻酸钠或壳聚糖中至少一种。 优选的是大豆卵磷脂。 黄芩黄酮 /脂质复合物的制备方法如下: 将黄芩黄酮与脂质材料 按一定比例混合, 加适量有机溶剂溶解, 或者分别用不同的有机溶剂 溶解后再混合, 在合适的温度条件下搅拌, 干燥, 制得黄芩黄酮 /脂 质复合物。
所述的干燥包括旋转蒸发、 喷雾干燥或冷冻干燥。
所述的有机溶剂中优选的是四氢呋喃。 取大豆卵磷脂适量, 按药物 /大豆磷脂摩尔比为 1 : 4投料, 用四 氢呋喃溶解, 搅搅 2小时, 旋转蒸发去除溶解制备磷脂复合物, 加入 适量甘露醇和 CMC-Na, 用 40 %的叔丁醇溶解, 冷冻干燥, 临用时加 水稀释制成含黄芩素浓度为 0. 1-1. 0 %的溶液,分装于定量喷雾瓶中, 备用。 或将大豆卵磷脂先制成磷脂复合物, 再溶于 0.5 %的 CMC-Na溶液 中, 制成含黄芩素 0. 1-1. 0 %的溶液, 经口腔及咽喉喷雾给药。 优选 的浓度是 0.5 % 黄芩黄酮制剂中另一种优选的是黄芩黄酮水包油 (0/W) 脂肪乳 剂。
黄芩黄酮水包油 (0/W) 脂肪乳剂包括油相、 水相、 乳化剂、 助 乳化剂和稳定剂。
黄芩黄酮水包油 (0/W) 脂肪乳剂的制备方法。 将黄芩黄酮 /脂质 复合物溶于油中形成油相, 加入水相、 乳化剂、 助乳化剂和稳定剂, 经乳化制成水包油 (0/W) 脂肪乳剂。 黄芩黄酮制剂中所述的黄芩黄酮选自黄芩素、 黄芩苷和黄芩总黄 酮提取物, 优选的黄芩黄酮是黄芩素。 具体实施方式
以下内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一歩详 细说明, 但本发明的权利要求并不只局限于这些具体实施例的内容。 对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思 的前提下, 还可以做出若干简单推演或替换, 都应当视为属于本发明 的保护范围。 实施例 1 受试样品的含量测定
受试样品: 黄芩素
黄芩苷
黄芩总黄酮提取物 1
黄芩总黄酮提取物 2
测定方法: 取四组受试样品适量, 精密称定, 分别加甲醇溶解并 稀释成浓度为 l.O g/mL的溶液, 滤过, 取续滤液作为供试品溶液; 另取黄芩素、 黄芩苷对照品适量, 同法制备浓度相当的对照品溶液; 分别量取对照溶液和供试溶液, 照 HPLC法测定, 色谱柱为 Agilent ZORBAX SB C18柱 (25mmX 4. 6mm, 5μπι), 流动相及洗脱梯度见 下表, 流速 lmL/min, 进样体积 20μΙ^, 检测波长 275nm, 室温检测。 黄芩素和黄芩苷含量分别根据各自的对照按外标法计算, 黄芩总 黄酮提取物的含量以黄芩苷为对照按外标法计算。
表 1 HPLC 流动相组成及梯度
洗脱梯度 (%)(v/v)
时间 (分钟) 流速 (mL/min)
Figure imgf000008_0001
0. 05%磷酸
0 1. 0 20 80
5 1. 0 30 70
20 1. 0 50 50
25 1. 0 20 80
30 1. 0 20 80 结果表明, 黄芩素受样品含量为 94.2% ; 黄芩苷受试样品含量为 96.5 %; 黄芩总黄酮提取物 1的黄酮总含量 (以黄芩苷计) 为 50% ; 黄芩总黄酮提取物 2的黄酮总含量为 73.4%。 实施例 2 黄苓素对肠道病毒的抑制作用
实验材料: 体外抗病毒试验使用的细胞为 VERO绿猴肾细胞(香 港大学赠与, 自行传代培养); 使用的试剂包括细胞培养液、 MEM培 养基 (I X ) 500ml (美国 GIBCO公司)、 胰酶消化液 (0.25%胰酶, 0.02% EDTA ) (美国 GIBCO公司)、胎牛血清(美国 GIBCO公司); 双抗(Amp +strep) (美国 GIBCO公司)、 维持液(MEM培养基 +2% 胎牛血清)、 DMSO ( Sigma公司)和 MTT ( Sigma 公司 ); 使用的 仪器包括 T25细胞培养瓶、培养板 96孔板(美国 CORNING公司)、 二氧化碳孵箱 (美国 CORNING公司)、 酶标仪 (伯乐公司) 和倒置 显微镜 (OLYMPAS)。
体外抗病毒试验具体操作方法如下:
细胞培养 待 VERO 细胞铺满, 吸去培养液, 加入胰酶消化液 lml, 37°C消化 10 分钟, 弃去胰酶, 加培养液把细胞吹打下来, 1 :3 传代, 3天长满, 消化并计数, 接种 96孔细胞培养板, 每孔 0.1ml, 细胞个数 104 /ml,37°C, 5%C02 培养 24小时, 细胞长成单层后进行 实验。 药物细胞毒性试验 取受试药物,加 DMSO制成浓度为 10mg/ml 的贮备液, 贮备液用培养液稀释至合适浓度, 5个稀释度。 每浓度 8 孔, 每个药品均设无药物细胞对照。 培养 48小时后弃去培养液, 加 入 0.5mg/ml的 MTT液 20μ1, 继续培养 4小时, 去掉上清液, 每孔加 入 40μ1 DMSO以减少溶剂的干扰,作用 20min后用酶标仪测每孔 OD 值 (选择单波长 570nm), 并以 Reed and Muench法计算 TD5()
TC50 = lg"1[lgD-i (∑Pi-0. 5 )]
其中 D为药物最大浓度值, i为相邻剂量间比例的对数, P为药 物对细胞生长的抑制率, P= (对照孔 A570—实验孔 A570) /对照 孔 A570。
根据 MTT结果确定最大无毒浓度 0¾))。
药物对病毒的抑制试验 VERO细胞接种 96孔细胞培养板, 每孔 0.1ml, 37°C, 5 %C02 培养 24小时, 弃培养液, 每孔接种 50μ1 100 TCID5Q病毒液, 吸附 90min后, 弃病毒上清液, 根据细胞毒性实验 的结果, 在无毒范围内, 加入不同浓度的药物 ΙΟΟμΙ/孔, 并设正常细 胞对照组和病毒对照组。 然后将培养板置 37°C 5%C02 培养, 每日 观察 CPE。 完全破坏为 4; 破坏 75%为 3 ; 破坏 50%为 2; 破坏 25% 为 1 ; 无病变为 0。 约在病毒对照 75%-100%病变时用 MTT法测各孔 570nm波长下 OD值, 并以 Reed and Muench法计算药物对病毒生长 抑制率及半数有效浓度 IC5Q。 按以下公式计算 IC5() :
半数有效浓度 (IC5Q) =lg— 1 [lgD-i (∑Pi-0. 5 )] 其中 D为药物最大浓度值, 1为相邻剂量间比例的对数, P为药 物对病毒生长的抑制率
药物处理组 OD值 -病毒对照组 OD值
P =
细胞对照组 OD值 -病毒对照组 OD值
按照发明内容项下的体外抗病毒试验方法, 依法考察黄芩素受试 样品对柯萨奇病毒 A16型(Cox A16)、 肠道病毒 71型 (EV 71 )、 柯萨 奇病毒 A5型(Cox A5)和柯萨奇病毒 B2型(Cox B2)所致细胞病变的抑 制作用, 考察结果见下表:
表 2: 黄芩素对不同肠道病毒的抑制作用
Figure imgf000010_0001
实施例 3: 黄苓苷对肠道病毒的抑制作用
试验方法同实施例 2,
依法考察黄芩苷受试样品对柯萨奇病毒 A16型(Cox A16)、 肠道 病毒 71型 (EV 71 )、 柯萨奇病毒 A5型(Cox A5)和柯萨奇病毒 B2型
(Cox B2)所致细胞病变的抑制作用, 考察结果见下表:
表 3 : 黄芩苷对不同肠道病毒的抑制作用
Figure imgf000010_0002
实施例 4: 黄苓总黄酮提取物 1对肠道病毒的抑制作用
试验方法同实施例 2,
依法考察黄芩总黄酮提取物 1对柯萨奇病毒 A16型(Cox 肠道病毒 71型 (EV 71 )、 柯萨奇病毒 A5型(Cox A5)和柯萨
B2型 (Cox B2)所致细胞病变的抑制作用, 考察结果见下表:
表 4: 黄芩总黄酮提取物 1对不同肠道病毒的抑制作用
黄芩总黄酮提取物 1抗病毒试验结果 病毒 TD50( μ g/ml) TD0( μ g/ml) IC50( μ g/ml) TI
柯萨奇病毒 A16型 >400 100 1.605 >25
肠道病毒 EV 71 >400 100 1.531 >25
柯萨奇病毒 A5型 >400 100 1.749 >25
柯萨奇病毒 B2型 >400 100 1.980 >25
实施例 5: 黄苓总黄酮提取物 2对肠道病毒的抑制作用
试验方法同实施例 2,
依法考察黄芩总黄酮提取物 2对柯萨奇病毒 A16型(Cox A16) 肠道病毒 71型 (EV 71 )、 柯萨奇病毒 A5型(Cox A5)和柯萨奇病
B2型 (Cox B2)所致细胞病变的抑制作用, 考察结果见下表:
表 5: 黄芩总黄酮提取物 2对不同肠道病毒的抑制作用
Figure imgf000011_0001
实施例 6: 黄苓素的制剂
取黄芩素适量, 按药物 /大豆磷脂摩尔比为 1 : 4投料, 用四氢呋 喃溶解,搅搅 2小时,旋转蒸发去除溶剂,加入适量甘露醇和 CMC-Na, 用 40 %的叔丁醇溶解, 冷冻干燥, 临用时加水稀释制成含黄芩素浓 度为 0. 5 %的溶液, 分装于定量喷雾瓶中, 备用。 或取黄芩素适量, 按药物 /大豆磷脂摩尔比为 1 : 4投料, 用四氢 呋喃溶解, 搅搅 2小时, 旋转蒸发去除溶剂制成磷脂复合物, 再溶于 0.5 %的 CMC-Na溶液中, 制成含黄芩素 0.5 %的溶液, 分装于定量喷 雾瓶中, 备用。 实施例 7: 黄苓素用于手足口病临床疗效的观察
病例及分组 小儿手足口病患儿 60 例, 均符合以下诊断标准: (1)流行病学资料, (2)发热, 多为中度或中度以上发热 , (3)疱疹, 以手足掌部疱疹为特征 , 疱疹基底部围以红暈 , 部分病例疱疹发生 在肛门周围, (4)口腔疱疹常与手足疱疹同时存在或先于手足部疱疹。 将病例随机分为两组, 治疗组 30例, 对照组 30例, 年龄 6个月〜 10 岁。 两组在性别、 年龄、 病程、 病情方面无明显差异。 治疗方案 对照组单用利巴韦林注射液 10-15 mg / kg,加入 5 % 葡萄糖注射液稀释后静脉滴注, 每日 1次。 治疗组在对照组基础上, 配合使用 0.5 %黄芩素喷剂, 经口腔及咽喉喷雾给药, 每日两次, 每 次 1 喷, 每喷 0. 1ml。 5天为 1疗程, 两组均给予常规液体疗法及 对症处理。 疗效标准 治愈: 体温正常, 皮疹消退, 口腔溃疡愈合良好; 有 效: 体温呈下降趋势, 皮疹减少, 口腔溃疡部分愈合; 无效: 体温无 变化或高于正常, 皮疹及口腔溃疡无变化。 结果显示, 配合使用黄芩素喷剂的治疗组疗效明显优于对照组, 两者有统计学意义。 治疗组和对照组疗效结果见下表: 表 6: 黄芩素对手足口病治疗效果
组别 例数 治愈 有效 无效 总有效率% 治疗组 30 18 10 2 93.3% 对照组 30 10 8 12 60% 经卡方检验, p<0.05, 有统计学意义。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 黄芩黄酮在制备预防和 /或治疗抗肠道病毒感染药物的应用。
2、根据权利要求 1的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的黄芩黄酮选自式 (I)所示的黄芩素、 式(Π)所述的黄芩苷或黄芩总黄酮提取物,
Figure imgf000013_0001
3、 根据权利要求 1 的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的黄芩素和黄芩 苷可由黄芩药材中提取精制制备或通过化学合成方法制备; HPLC法 测定, 单体含量 90%。
4、 根据权利要求 1 的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的黄芩总黄酮提 取物为由黄芩药材经水和 /或醇提取而得, 提取物的活性成分由黄芩 苷和黄芩素、汉黄芩苷、汉黄芩素中的至少一种组成; HPLC法测定, 以黄芩苷计算, 提取物中总黄酮含量 50%。
5、 根据权利要求 1的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的肠道病毒选自肠 道病毒 EV71、 柯萨奇病毒(Coxasckie virus)或埃可病毒 (ECHO viruses) 中 禾中。
6、 根据权利要求 5的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的柯萨奇病毒包括 柯萨奇病毒 A组亚型、 柯萨奇病毒 B组亚型。
7、 根据权利要求 6 的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的柯萨奇病毒 A 组亚型包括 A16、 A4、 A5、 A7、 A9和 A10型; 所述的柯萨奇病毒 B组亚型包括 B2、 B5、 B13型。
8、 根据权利要求 5 的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的肠道病毒选自 柯萨奇病毒包括 Cox A16、 A5和 Cox B 2或肠道病毒 EV71 ,
9、 根据权利要求 8 的应用, 其特征在于, 所述的肠道病毒选自 柯萨奇病毒 A 16型或肠道病毒 EV71。
10、 一种治疗和预防由肠道病毒引起的手足口病的方法, 包括通 过口服、 注射、 吸入或粘膜途径给药给予患者黄芩黄酮制剂,
11、 根据权利要求 10 的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的黄芩黄酮制 剂选自黄芩黄酮 /脂质复合物或黄芩黄酮水包油 (0/W) 脂肪乳剂。
12、 根据权利要求 11的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的黄芩黄酮 /脂 质复合物中黄芩黄酮和脂质重量比例范围为黄芩黄酮: 脂质材料 =1 : 19-3 : 1。
13、 根据权利要求 12 的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的脂质材料选 自天然脂质、 合成脂质以及它们的混合物。
14根据权利要求 13的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的天然脂质材料 选自大豆卵磷脂、 蛋黄卵磷脂、 胆 醇、 胆酸、 海藻酸钠或壳聚糖中 至少一种。
15、 根据权利要求 11 的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的黄芩黄酮水 包油 (0/W)脂肪乳剂包括油相、 水相、 乳化剂、 助乳化剂和稳定剂。
16、 根据权利要求 11-15中任一的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的黄 芩黄酮选自黄芩素、 黄芩苷和黄芩总黄酮提取物。
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CN102516301B (zh) * 2011-11-28 2016-08-03 江苏天地人和药业有限公司 用于治疗的汉黄芩素衍生物
CN105929067A (zh) * 2016-04-25 2016-09-07 广西壮族自治区梧州食品药品检验所 同时检测感冒止咳糖浆中黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素的方法
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CN114015068A (zh) * 2021-11-23 2022-02-08 中国医学科学院生物医学工程研究所 一种基于黄芩素与铜离子配位的花状mof材料及其制备方法和应用
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