WO2010035875A1 - 合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス及び合わせガラス用中間膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス及び合わせガラス用中間膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010035875A1 WO2010035875A1 PCT/JP2009/066976 JP2009066976W WO2010035875A1 WO 2010035875 A1 WO2010035875 A1 WO 2010035875A1 JP 2009066976 W JP2009066976 W JP 2009066976W WO 2010035875 A1 WO2010035875 A1 WO 2010035875A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oxide fine
- gallium
- zinc oxide
- fine particles
- laminated glass
- Prior art date
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 273
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 170
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- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
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- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl undecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=O GYHFUZHODSMOHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanal Chemical compound CCCCCCCC=O NUJGJRNETVAIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002895 organic esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005461 organic phosphorous group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-M ricinoleate Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940066675 ricinoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OXFUXNFMHFCELM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropan-2-yl phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)OP(=O)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C OXFUXNFMHFCELM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOCCOP(=O)(OCCOCCCC)OCCOCCCC WTLBZVNBAKMVDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10614—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising particles for purposes other than dyeing
- B32B17/10633—Infrared radiation absorbing or reflecting agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
- Y10T428/3163—Next to acetal of polymerized unsaturated alcohol [e.g., formal butyral, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass containing gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles as heat shielding fine particles, having high transparency and excellent heat shielding properties. Further, the present invention relates to a laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- Laminated glass is safe because there is little scattering of glass fragments even if it is damaged by an external impact.
- Laminated glass is widely used as a window glass for vehicles such as automobiles, aircraft, and buildings.
- the laminated glass include laminated glass in which an interlayer film for laminated glass containing a plasticizer and a polyvinyl butyral resin is sandwiched between at least a pair of glasses.
- the wavelength range of infrared rays is longer than the wavelength range of visible light and has a wavelength range of 780 nm or more.
- the amount of infrared energy is about 10% of the amount of ultraviolet energy.
- infrared rays are released as heat when absorbed by a substance, the ambient temperature rises. For example, if an infrared ray transmitted through a windshield or side glass of an automobile is blocked, an increase in the temperature inside the automobile can be suppressed. In recent years, since the area of the opening of an automobile or the like tends to increase, it is required to reduce the infrared transmittance of the laminated glass.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an interlayer film for laminated glass containing heat shielding fine particles such as tin-doped indium oxide fine particles and antimony-doped tin oxide fine particles and a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- heat shielding fine particles such as tin-doped indium oxide fine particles and antimony-doped tin oxide fine particles and a polyvinyl acetal resin.
- Laminated glass using an interlayer film for laminated glass in which heat shielding fine particles are dispersed has excellent heat shielding properties.
- tin-doped indium oxide fine particles and antimony-doped tin oxide fine particles have a problem that they are expensive. Therefore, the use of zinc oxide fine particles as the heat shielding fine particles has been studied.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Group IIIB metal elements and Group IVB metal elements and zinc are used as metal components, and the zinc content is zinc relative to the total number of atoms of the metal components.
- Zinc oxide fine particles having a zinc oxide crystallinity of 80 to 99.9% in terms of X-ray diffraction analysis are disclosed, and the zinc oxide fine particles are used for shielding infrared rays. It is described that it has an excellent effect.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass that contains gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles as heat shielding fine particles, has high transparency, and is excellent in heat shielding properties. It is another object of the present invention to provide a laminated glass using the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the present invention is an interlayer film for laminated glass containing gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles, a plasticizer, a dispersant, and a thermoplastic resin, wherein the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles have a hexagonal crystal structure and have a c-axis
- a laminated glass obtained by sandwiching the interlayer film for laminated glass between a pair of clear glasses having a thickness of 2.5 mm is obtained by a method based on JIS R 3106.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass has a visible light transmittance TV of 70% or more and an infrared transmittance TIR of less than 75%.
- gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles are likely to aggregate in a composition containing a thermoplastic resin and a plasticizer. Therefore, when adding gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles, bead mill, jet mill, ultrasonic jet mill, supercritical jet mill, high pressure jet mill, paint shaker, rocking mill, ball mill, etc. It was dispersed by vigorous stirring.
- the present inventors have found that the infrared shielding performance of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is lowered by distorting the crystal structure of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles by vigorous stirring. That is, the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles rapidly deteriorate in the infrared absorption performance when the c-axis crystal lattice constant in the hexagonal crystal is less than 0.5207 nm. Then, the present inventors have found that the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles have a hexagonal crystal structure and the gallium-doped zinc oxide in the interlayer film for laminated glass so that the c-axis crystal lattice constant is 0.5207 nm or more. The inventors have found that when fine particles are dispersed, both high visible light transmittance and infrared shielding performance can be achieved, and the present invention has been completed.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention contains gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles, a plasticizer, a dispersant, and a thermoplastic resin.
- the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles contain at least zinc and gallium as metal components.
- the content of gallium is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit of the ratio of the number of gallium atoms in the total number of zinc atoms and gallium atoms is 0.1%, and a preferable upper limit is 10%. If the ratio of the number of gallium atoms is less than 0.1%, sufficient infrared shielding performance may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 10%, gallium may precipitate as a metal or metal oxide.
- a more preferable lower limit of the ratio of the number of gallium atoms is 1%, a further preferable lower limit is 2%, a particularly preferable lower limit is 3%, a more preferable upper limit is 8%, a still more preferable upper limit is 7%, and a particularly preferable upper limit is 5%. %.
- the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles may further contain other metals.
- the other metals are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include boron, aluminum, indium, thallium, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead.
- the surface of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles may be coated with a resin, metal, metal oxide or the like.
- the preferable lower limit of the BET value of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is 10 m 2 / g, and the preferable upper limit is 100 m 2 / g. If the BET value is less than 10 m 2 / g, the haze of the laminated glass may increase, and if it exceeds 100 m 2 / g, the infrared shielding performance may not be sufficiently obtained.
- fine-particles is not specifically limited, For example, conventionally well-known methods, such as a coprecipitation method, a sintering method, an arc-type discharge gas phase method, and a spray pyrolysis method, can be used.
- the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles have a hexagonal crystal structure and are dispersed in a state where the c-axis crystal lattice constant is 0.5207 nm or more in the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention.
- the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass can achieve both high infrared shielding ability and high visible light transmittance. If the c-axis crystal lattice constant of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is less than 0.5207 nm, sufficient infrared shielding performance cannot be obtained.
- fine-particles is not specifically limited, A preferable minimum is 0.01 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of said thermoplastic resins, and a preferable upper limit is 2.5 weight part. If the content of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is less than 0.01 parts by weight, the infrared shielding performance may not be sufficiently obtained. When the content of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles exceeds 2.5 parts by weight, the haze of the laminated glass may increase.
- the more preferable lower limit of the content of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is 0.1 parts by weight, the more preferable upper limit is 2.0 parts by weight, the still more preferable lower limit is 0.2 parts by weight, and the more preferable upper limit is 1.5 parts by weight.
- the content of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles in the interlayer film for laminated glass is not particularly limited, and the preferred lower limit is 0.15% by weight and the preferred upper limit is 1.5% by weight.
- the content of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is in the range of 0.15 to 1.5% by weight, excellent infrared shielding performance can be obtained.
- the more preferable lower limit of the content of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is 0.2% by weight, the more preferable upper limit is 1.0% by weight, the still more preferable lower limit is 0.35% by weight, and the still more preferable upper limit is 0.7% by weight. %.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include organic plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, and phosphoric acid plasticizers such as organic phosphoric acid plasticizers and organic phosphorous acid plasticizers. Is mentioned.
- the monobasic organic acid ester is not particularly limited.
- glycol such as triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptylic acid, n-octyl
- glycol ester compounds obtained by reaction with monobasic organic acids such as acid, 2-ethylhexylic acid, pelargonic acid (n-nonyl acid), and decyl acid.
- triethylene glycol dicaproate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-n-octylate, and triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexylate are preferred.
- the polybasic organic acid ester is not particularly limited.
- an ester compound of a polybasic organic acid such as adipic acid, sebacic acid or azelaic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- dibutyl sebacic acid ester, dioctyl azelaic acid ester, and dibutyl carbitol adipic acid ester are preferable.
- the organic ester plasticizer is not particularly limited, and triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, Triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2 -Ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethyl hexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2 Ethyl butyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylpentanoate, te
- the organophosphate plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, triisopropyl phosphate and the like.
- dihexyl adipate DHA
- triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate 3GO
- tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate 4GO
- plasticizers are suitable because they can prevent a decrease in the adhesive force between the interlayer film for laminated glass and the glass, and can prevent whitening of the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylbutyrate (3GH), tetraethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate (4GO) and dihexyl Adipate (DHA) is particularly preferable because it hardly causes hydrolysis, and triethylene glycol-di-2-ethylhexanoate is particularly preferable.
- a preferable lower limit of the content of the plasticizer with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin is 30 parts by weight, and a preferable upper limit is 70 parts by weight.
- a preferable upper limit is 70 parts by weight.
- the melt viscosity of the interlayer film for laminated glass becomes high, so that the deaeration during the production of the laminated glass may be lowered.
- content of the said plasticizer exceeds 70 weight part, a plasticizer may raise
- the upper limit with more preferable content of the said plasticizer is 50 weight part.
- the dispersant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyglycerin fatty acid ester, phosphate ester surfactant, nonionic surfactant, ⁇ -diketone and the like.
- the polyglycerin fatty acid ester is not particularly limited.
- polyglycerin ricinoleate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether phosphate esters.
- the nonionic surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether.
- the ⁇ -diketone is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acetylacetone.
- the dispersing agent is preferably added in a state dissolved in a suitable solvent.
- the solvent for dissolving the dispersant is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent having high compatibility with the plasticizer.
- Examples of the solvent for dissolving the dispersant include alcohol, glycol solvent, ketone, ester solvent, N, N-dimethylformamide, toluene, hexane, xylene, and cyclohexane.
- the alcohol is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and 2-butanol.
- the glycol solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and the like.
- the ketone is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include acetone and methyl ethyl ketone.
- the ester solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, and propyl acetate.
- the content of the dispersant is not particularly limited, the preferable lower limit of the content of the dispersant with respect to 100 parts by weight of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is 1 part by weight, and the preferable upper limit is 30 parts by weight.
- the content of the dispersant is less than 1 part by weight, the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles may aggregate.
- content of the said dispersing agent exceeds 30 weight part, the transparency of the intermediate film for laminated glasses may fall.
- the minimum with more preferable content of the said dispersing agent is 5 weight part, and a more preferable upper limit is 25 weight part.
- the thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, but a polyvinyl acetal resin is preferable.
- a polyvinyl acetal resin is preferable.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin is used in combination with a plasticizer, an interlayer film for laminated glass having excellent adhesion to glass can be obtained.
- the said polyvinyl acetal resin may use 2 or more types together as needed.
- the preferable lower limit of the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin is 40 mol%, and the preferable upper limit is 85 mol%.
- the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin is less than 40 mol%, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass may be lowered, and when it exceeds 85 mol%, the adhesion of the interlayer film for laminated glass to the glass is lowered.
- the more preferable lower limit of the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal resin is 60 mol%, the more preferable upper limit is 80 mol%, the still more preferable lower limit is 61 mol%, and the still more preferable upper limit is 75 mol%.
- the polyvinyl acetal resin can be produced by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 80 to 99.8 mol% is preferable.
- the preferable lower limit of the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 200, and the preferable upper limit is 3500.
- the polymerization degree is less than 200, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass may be lowered.
- the more preferable lower limit of the polymerization degree is 500, and the more preferable upper limit is 3000.
- the aldehyde is not particularly limited, but in general, an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable.
- the aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is not particularly limited.
- n-butyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, and n-valeraldehyde are preferable, and n-butyraldehyde having 4 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- These aldehydes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention may contain heat shielding fine particles other than the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles.
- heat shielding fine particles other than the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles conventionally known infrared shielding particles can be used.
- one or more kinds of heat shielding fine particles selected from the group consisting of tin-doped indium oxide fine particles, antimony-doped tin oxide fine particles, aluminum-doped zinc oxide fine particles, indium-doped zinc oxide fine particles, and lanthanum hexaboride fine particles are preferable. It is.
- the heat shielding fine particles other than the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles are preferably tin-doped indium oxide fine particles or antimony-doped tin oxide fine particles, and more preferably tin-doped indium oxide fine particles.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention comprises an antioxidant, a heat shielding fine particle, a light stabilizer, a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, an adhesive force adjusting agent, a moisture resistant agent, a heat ray reflective agent, a heat ray absorbent, if necessary.
- As said heat ray absorber you may contain a phthalocyanine compound, an imonium compound, an aminium compound, etc.
- the thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a preferred lower limit is 0.1 mm and a preferred upper limit is 3 mm.
- a preferred lower limit is 0.1 mm and a preferred upper limit is 3 mm.
- the penetration resistance of the laminated glass may be lowered.
- the thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass exceeds 3 mm, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass may be lowered.
- the more preferred lower limit of the thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass is 0.25 mm, the more preferred upper limit is 1.5 mm, the still more preferred lower limit is 0.3 mm, the still more preferred upper limit is 1.2 mm, and the particularly preferred lower limit is 0. 0.4 mm, and a particularly preferred upper limit is 1.0 mm.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention has a visible light transmittance T when a laminated glass obtained by being sandwiched between a pair of clear glasses having a thickness of 2.5 mm is measured by a method according to JIS R 3106.
- V is 70% or more, and infrared transmittance TIR is less than 75%.
- Such A a high visible light transmittance T V and low infrared transmittance T IR, by finely dispersing a gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles in the crystalline structure as described above, the first time can be achieved.
- the visible light transmittance T V is preferably 74% or more, more preferably 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more.
- the infrared transmittance TIR is preferably less than 70%, and more preferably less than 65%.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention has a thickness of 0.4 to 1.0 mm, and a laminated glass obtained by being sandwiched between a pair of clear glasses having a thickness of 2.5 mm conforms to JIS R 3106.
- the visible light transmittance TV is 70% or more and the infrared transmittance TIR is less than 75%.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention has a thickness of 760 ⁇ m and a laminated glass obtained by being sandwiched between a pair of clear glasses having a thickness of 2.5 mm was measured by a method based on JIS R 3106.
- the visible light transmittance TV is 70% or more and the infrared transmittance TIR is less than 75%.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention it is important to mix with other components so that the crystal structure of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is not distorted and sufficiently finely dispersed. . Specifically, the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles are dispersed so that the c-axis crystal lattice constant in a hexagonal crystal is 0.5207 nm or more. Below, an example of the manufacturing method of the intermediate film for laminated glasses of this invention is demonstrated.
- a gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion containing gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles, a plasticizer, and a dispersant is prepared.
- a bead mill is used to prepare the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion.
- the dispersion method of the heat shielding fine particles using the bead mill it is general to use beads having a particle size very large with respect to the particle size of the heat shielding fine particles for the purpose of applying a high shearing force.
- beads having a particle diameter smaller than that of beads usually used are used.
- the shearing force applied to the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles can be reduced and dispersed under mild conditions. As a result, distortion is unlikely to occur in the crystal structure of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles.
- a preferable upper limit of the volume average particle diameter of the beads is 0.3 mm.
- the lower limit of the volume average particle diameter of the beads is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 0.01 mm. If the volume average particle diameter of the beads is less than 0.01 mm, the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles may not be sufficiently dispersed.
- a more preferable lower limit of the volume average particle diameter of the beads is 0.015 mm, a more preferable upper limit is 0.1 mm, a still more preferable lower limit is 0.03 mm, and a still more preferable upper limit is 0.05 mm.
- the beads used in the bead mill are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include zirconia beads, alumina beads, and glass beads. Among these, zirconia beads are preferable because the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles can be easily dispersed.
- the apparatus which performs the said bead mill is not specifically limited, For example, a batch type bead mill, a circulation type bead mill, a pin type
- the apparatus which performs the said bead mill is commercially available from Asada Iron Works, AIMEX, Shinmaru Enterprises, Buehler, Ashizawa Finetech, Kotobuki Industries, etc.
- the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion using the bead mill is prepared by placing the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles, the plasticizer, the dispersant, and the beads in a dispersion container, and removing the wings installed in the dispersion container. This is done by rotating.
- the use amount of the beads is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit of the volume of the beads occupying the volume of the dispersion container is 1% by volume, and a preferable upper limit is 95% by volume. If the amount of the beads used is less than 1% by volume, the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles may not be sufficiently dispersed.
- a more preferable lower limit of the use amount of the beads is 10% by volume, and a more preferable upper limit is 90% by volume.
- a preferable upper limit is 25 m / s.
- the lower limit of the peripheral speed of the wing is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 1 m / s.
- the peripheral speed of the wing is less than 1 m / s, the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles may not be sufficiently dispersed.
- a more preferable lower limit of the peripheral speed of the wing is 5 m / s, a more preferable upper limit is 22 m / s, a still more preferable lower limit is 7 m / s, and a further preferable upper limit is 20 m / s.
- the particle size of the beads is relatively large, it is preferable to set the peripheral speed of the wings slow so that the shearing force does not become too high.
- the particle diameter of the beads is relatively small, it is preferable to set the peripheral speed of the wings fast so that the shearing force does not become too small.
- the time for performing the bead mill is not particularly limited, but a preferred lower limit is 10 minutes and a preferred upper limit is 20 hours. If the time for performing the bead mill is less than 10 minutes, the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles may not be sufficiently dispersed. When the time for performing the bead milling exceeds 20 hours, the crystal structure of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is distorted, so that sufficient infrared shielding performance may not be obtained. When the particle diameter of the beads is relatively large, it is preferable to set the bead milling time short so that the crystal structure of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is not distorted. On the other hand, when the particle size of the beads is relatively small, it is preferable to set the time for performing the bead mill so that the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles are sufficiently finely dispersed.
- the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles are preferably dispersed in a gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion in a state where the volume average particle diameter is 100 nm or less.
- the volume average particle diameter of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion exceeds 100 nm, the haze of the laminated glass may increase.
- a more preferable upper limit of the volume average particle diameter of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is 80 nm, a still more preferable upper limit is 70 nm, and a particularly preferable upper limit is 67 nm.
- the lower limit of the volume average particle diameter of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is not particularly limited, but is substantially about 10 nm.
- the average particle diameter of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles in the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion can be measured by, for example, a dynamic light scattering method.
- the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion may be subjected to a centrifugal separation process for the purpose of separating the aggregated gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles.
- the centrifugal separation treatment By performing the centrifugal separation treatment, the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles that have not been sufficiently dispersed can be selectively removed even when the shearing force of the bead mill is kept small so that the crystal structure of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles is not distorted. it can.
- gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles having a larger c-axis crystal lattice constant and a smaller volume average particle diameter are obtained.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass having high infrared shielding performance and high visible light transmittance can be obtained.
- centrifugal force in the said centrifugation process is not specifically limited, A preferable minimum is 10G and a preferable upper limit is 100,000G. If the centrifugal force is less than 10 G, the aggregated gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles may not be sufficiently removed. When the centrifugal force exceeds 100,000 G, the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles dispersed in the bead mill may be separated. It is preferable to reduce the centrifugal force when the time for the centrifugation process is relatively long, and to increase the centrifugal force when the time for the centrifugation process is relatively short.
- the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles have a hexagonal crystal structure and are finely dispersed in a state where the c-axis crystal lattice constant is 0.5207 nm or more. is doing.
- the obtained gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion and the thermoplastic resin are mixed using an extruder, a plastograph, a kneader, a Banbury mixer, a calender roll, or the like.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention can be produced by molding into a sheet by a conventionally known method such as an extrusion method, a calendering method, a pressing method, a casting method, or an inflation method.
- a method for producing an interlayer film for laminated glass containing gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles, plasticizer, dispersant and thermoplastic resin, the gallium-doped zinc oxide containing the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles, plasticizer and dispersant A step of preparing a fine particle dispersion by mixing with a bead mill using beads having a volume average particle diameter of 0.03 to 0.3 mm, and a step of mixing the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion and a thermoplastic resin.
- the manufacturing method of the intermediate film for laminated glasses which has these is also one of this invention.
- the method for producing an interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention preferably further includes a step of subjecting the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion to a centrifugal separation treatment. It is preferable to perform the said centrifugation process after the process adjusted by mixing with a bead mill.
- a laminated glass in which the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention is sandwiched between a pair of transparent plates is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the transparent plate used for the laminated glass of this invention is not specifically limited,
- the transparent plate glass generally used can be used. Examples thereof include inorganic glass such as float plate glass, polished plate glass, template glass, netted glass, wire-containing plate glass, colored plate glass, heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass, and green glass.
- organic plastics boards such as a polycarbonate and a polyacrylate, can also be used.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass that contains gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles as heat shielding fine particles, has high transparency, and is excellent in heat shielding properties.
- the laminated glass which uses this intermediate film for laminated glasses can be provided.
- Example 1 Preparation of gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion
- Zinc oxide fine particles containing gallium as a trivalent metal element (the ratio of the number of gallium atoms in the total number of zinc atoms and gallium atoms is 3%, (BET value 60 m 2 / g) 30 parts by weight, 267 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate as a plasticizer, 3 parts by weight of a polyglycerol fatty acid ester (manufactured by Sakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., CR-ED) as a dispersant
- 1125 parts by weight of zirconia beads having a volume average particle size of 0.1 mm were placed in a dispersion container of an 800 ml batch-type bead mill (manufactured by AIMEX, RMB-08). Stirring was performed for 3 hours at a feather peripheral speed of 8 m / s to obtain a gallium-doped zinc
- Example 2 Dispersion of gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles, bead mill dispersion conditions, and gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the concentrations of gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles in the interlayer film for laminated glass are as shown in Tables 1 to 3
- the liquid was obtained and the intermediate film for laminated glasses and the laminated glass were produced.
- the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle concentration was adjusted by the blending amount of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate.
- the prepared gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion was centrifuged under the conditions described in Tables 1 and 2 to remove precipitates.
- Example 20 A gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dispersant used was changed to phosphate ester (Plysurf A208F, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) Glass was produced.
- phosphate ester Plysurf A208F, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
- Example 21 A gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that the centrifugation treatment was not performed, and an interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced.
- Example 22 15 parts by weight of zinc oxide fine particles containing gallium as a trivalent metal element (the ratio of the number of gallium atoms in the total of the number of zinc atoms and the number of gallium atoms is 4%, the BET value is 60 m 2 / g), 15 parts by weight of tin-doped indium oxide fine particles (volume average particle diameter 35 nm), 267 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate as a plasticizer, 3 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether phosphate as a dispersant, In addition, 1125 parts by weight of zirconia beads having a volume average particle diameter of 0.05 mm were placed in a dispersion container of an 800 ml batch type bead mill (manufactured by AIMEX, RMB-08).
- Example 23 18 parts by weight of zinc oxide fine particles containing gallium as a trivalent metal element (the ratio of the number of gallium atoms in the total number of zinc atoms and gallium atoms is 4%, the BET value is 60 m 2 / g), 12 parts by weight of tin-doped indium oxide fine particles (volume average particle diameter 35 nm), 267 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate as a plasticizer, 3 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether phosphate as a dispersant, In addition, 1125 parts by weight of zirconia beads having a volume average particle diameter of 0.05 mm were placed in a dispersion container of an 800 ml batch type bead mill (manufactured by AIMEX, RMB-08).
- Example 24 and 25 The tin-doped indium oxide fine particles were changed to antimony-doped tin oxide fine particles, and the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle concentration, the antimony-doped tin oxide fine particle concentration, and the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle concentration in the interlayer film for laminated glass are as shown in Table 2. Except that, a gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 22, and an interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced.
- Example 1 30 parts by weight of zinc oxide fine particles containing gallium as a trivalent metal element (the ratio of the number of gallium atoms in the total number of zinc atoms and gallium atoms is 4%, the BET value is 60 m 2 / g), 267 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate as a plasticizer and 3 parts by weight of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate as a dispersing agent are mixed, and an ultrasonic cleaner is used for 48 Hz for 10 minutes. Then, mixing by ultrasonic treatment was performed to obtain a gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion. Using the obtained gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion, an interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 A gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that the peripheral speed of the wing was changed to 30 m / s, and an interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced.
- Example 4 A gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the feather speed was changed to 30 m / s, and an interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced.
- gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle dispersion has a gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle concentration of 0.7% by weight, 1.0% by weight, and 0.4% by weight.
- a dispersion for measurement was prepared by diluting with triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate so that the concentration was 0.2% or 0.2% by weight.
- triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate was used so that the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particle concentration, the tin-doped indium oxide fine particle concentration and the antimony-doped tin oxide fine particle concentration were the concentrations shown in Table 3.
- the dispersion for measurement was prepared by diluting.
- Spectrophotometer manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, "U-4100", a quartz cell optical path length 1mm
- T V visible light transmittance
- T IR infrared transmittance
- the volume average particle diameter of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles in the dispersion was measured using a dynamic light scattering particle size distribution analyzer (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Nanotrack UPA).
- the c-axis crystal lattice constant in the hexagonal structure of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles was 52 kV, 100 mA, scan speed 2.000, sampling width 0.020, Si single crystal cell ( The sample area was measured under the condition of ⁇ 5.0 mm), and the c-axis crystal lattice constant in the hexagonal structure of the gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles was determined from the ZnO (101) peak near 36.1 °.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass that contains gallium-doped zinc oxide fine particles as heat shielding fine particles, has high transparency, and is excellent in heat shielding properties.
- the laminated glass which uses this intermediate film for laminated glasses can be provided.
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- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
しかしながら、これらの方法で得られる合わせガラス用中間膜は、赤外線透過率が高いという問題があった。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
上記ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子は、金属成分として、少なくとも亜鉛とガリウムとを含有する。上記ガリウムの含有量は特に限定されないが、亜鉛の原子数とガリウムの原子数との合計に占めるガリウムの原子数の割合の好ましい下限は0.1%、好ましい上限は10%である。上記ガリウムの原子数の割合が0.1%未満であると、赤外線遮蔽性能が充分に得られないことがあり、10%を超えると、ガリウムが金属又は金属酸化物として析出することがある。上記ガリウムの原子数の割合のより好ましい下限は1%、更に好ましい下限は2%、特に好ましい下限は3%であり、より好ましい上限は8%、更に好ましい上限は7%、特に好ましい上限は5%である。
また、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルブチレート(3GH)、テトラエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(4GO)およびジヘキシルアジペート(DHA)は加水分解を起こし難いことから特に好適であり、なかでも、トリエチレングリコール-ジ-2-エチルヘキサノエートが好適である。
上記リン酸エステル界面活性剤は特に限定されず、例えば、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテルリン酸エステル等が挙げられる。
上記ノニオン界面活性剤は特に限定されず、例えば、ポリオキシアルキレンアルキルエーテル等が挙げられる。
上記β-ジケトンは特に限定されず、例えば、アセチルアセトン等が挙げられる。
上記分散剤を溶解させる溶剤は、上記可塑剤に対する相溶性が高い溶剤であれば特に限定されない。上記分散剤を溶解させる溶剤として、例えば、アルコール、グリコール溶剤、ケトン、エステル溶剤、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、トルエン、ヘキサン、キシレン、シクロヘキサン等が挙げられる。
上記アルコールは特に限定されず、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、1-プロパノール、2-プロパノール、1-ブタノール、2-ブタノール等が挙げられる。
上記グリコール溶剤は特に限定されず、例えば、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール等が挙げられる。
上記ケトンは特に限定されず、例えば、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン等が挙げられる。
上記エステル溶剤は特に限定されず、例えば、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル等が挙げられる。
上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度の好ましい下限は200、好ましい上限は3500である。上記重合度が200未満であると、合わせガラスの耐貫通性が低下することがある。上記重合度が3500を超えると、合わせガラス用中間膜の成形が困難となることがある。上記重合度のより好ましい下限は500、より好ましい上限は3000である。
上記ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子以外の遮熱微粒子として、従来公知の赤外線を遮蔽する粒子を用いることができる。なかでも、錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子、アンチモンドープ酸化錫微粒子、アルミニウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子、インジウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子、及び、6ホウ化ランタン微粒子からなる群から選択される1種以上の遮熱微粒子が好適である。なかでも、上記ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子以外の遮熱微粒子は、錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子又はアンチモンドープ酸化錫微粒子であることが好ましく、錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子であることがより好ましい。
上記熱線吸収剤として、フタロシアニン化合物、イモニウム化合物、アミニウム化合物等を含有してもよい。
特に、本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜は、厚さを760μmとし、厚さ2.5mmの一対のクリアガラスの間に挟み込んで得られた合わせガラスを、JIS R 3106に準拠した方法で測定したときに、可視光線透過率TVが70%以上、かつ、赤外線透過率TIRが75%未満であることが好ましい。
以下に本発明の合わせガラス用中間膜の製造方法の一例を説明する。
上記ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液の調製には、ビーズミルを用いる。
ビーズミルを用いた遮熱微粒子の分散方法では、高いせん断力をかける目的で、遮熱微粒子の粒子径に対して非常に粒子径の大きなビーズを使用することが一般的である。しかしながら、本態様の合わせガラス用中間膜の製造方法では、通常に用いられるビーズよりも粒子径の小さなビーズを使用する。このような小さな粒子径のビーズを用いることにより、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子にかかるせん断力を小さくして、穏やかな条件で分散させることができる。その結果、上記ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子の結晶構造に歪が発生しにくい。
上記ビーズミルを行う装置は特に限定されず、例えば、バッチ式ビーズミル、循環式ビーズミル、ピン型ロータービーズミル、アニュラー型ロータービーズミル等が挙げられる。上記ビーズミルを行なう装置は、浅田鉄工社、AIMEX社、シンマルエンタープライゼス社、ビューラー社、アシザワファインテック社、寿工業社等から市販されている。
上記ビーズの使用量は特に限定されないが、分散容器の体積に占める上記ビーズの体積の好ましい下限が1体積%、好ましい上限が95体積%である。上記ビーズの使用量が1体積%未満であると、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子を充分に分散させることができないことがある。上記ビーズの含有量が95体積%を超えると、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子にかかるせん断力が大きくなり、結晶構造が歪むため、充分な赤外線遮蔽性能が得られないことがある。上記ビーズの使用量のより好ましい下限は10体積%、より好ましい上限は90体積%である。
なお、上記ビーズの粒子径が比較的大きい場合には、せん断力が高くなりすぎないように羽の周速を遅く設定することが好ましい。一方、上記ビーズの粒子径が比較的小さい場合には、せん断力が小さくなりすぎないように羽の周速を早く設定することが好ましい。
なお、上記ビーズの粒子径が比較的大きい場合には、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子の結晶構造が歪まないようにビーズミルを行う時間を短く設定することが好ましい。一方、上記ビーズの粒子径が比較的小さい場合には、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子が充分に微分散されるようにビーズミルを行う時間を長く設定することが好ましい。
上記ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子の体積平均粒子径の下限は特に限定されないが、実質的には10nm程度が限界である。
なお、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液におけるガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子の平均粒子径は、例えば、動的光散乱法により測定することができる。
本発明の合わせガラスに用いられる透明板は特に限定されず、一般に使用されている透明板ガラスを使用することができる。例えば、フロート板ガラス、磨き板ガラス、型板ガラス、網入りガラス、線入り板ガラス、着色された板ガラス、熱線吸収ガラス、熱線反射ガラス、グリーンガラス等の無機ガラスが挙げられる。また、ポリカーボネートやポリアクリレート等の有機プラスチックス板を用いることもできる。
(1)ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液の調製
3価の金属元素としてガリウムを含有する酸化亜鉛微粒子(亜鉛の原子数とガリウムの原子数との合計に占めるガリウムの原子数の割合が3%、BET値が60m2/g)30重量部、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート267重量部、分散剤としてポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル(阪本薬品社製、CR-ED)3重量部、及び、体積平均粒子径が0.1mmのジルコニアビーズ1125重量部を、800mlのバッチ式ビーズミル(AIMEX社製、RMB-08)の分散容器に入れた。羽の周速を8m/sとして、3時間撹拌を行って、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を得た。
得られたガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液10重量部と、熱可塑性樹脂としてポリビニルブチラール樹脂(重合度1700、ブチラール化度68.5モル%、アセチル基量0.9モル%、水酸基量30.6モル%)100重量部とを混合した。更に、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエートを熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対して可塑剤全量が40重量部となるように添加し、混合することにより熱可塑性樹脂組成物を作製した。
得られた熱可塑性樹脂組成物を、押出機を用いて成形し、膜厚が760μmの合わせガラス用中間膜を作製した。
得られた合わせガラス用中間膜を2枚の透明なフロートガラス(縦5cm×横5cm×厚さ2.5mm)の間に挟み、真空バッグに入れ、933.2hPaまで真空バッグ内を脱気した。次いで、真空バッグを加熱し、真空バッグの内部が100℃に達した後20分間その温度を保持した。真空バッグを自然冷却させ、仮圧着された合わせガラスを取り出した。仮圧着された合わせガラスを、135℃、圧力1.2MPaで20分間オートクレーブを行うことにより合わせガラスを作製した。
ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子、ビーズミルによる分散条件、及び、合わせガラス用中間膜中のガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子濃度を表1~3のようにした以外は実施例1と同様にしてガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を得、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを作製した。なお、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子濃度は、トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエートの配合量により調整した。
実施例3、6、9~14では、調製したガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を、表1及び表2に記載した条件にて遠心分離処理し、沈殿物を除去した。
用いた分散剤をリン酸エステル(第一工業製薬社製、プライサーフA208F)に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を得、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを作製した。
遠心分離処理をしなかったこと以外は実施例9と同様にしてガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を得、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを作製した。
3価の金属元素としてガリウムを含有する酸化亜鉛微粒子(亜鉛の原子数とガリウムの原子数との合計に占めるガリウムの原子数の割合が4%、BET値が60m2/g)15重量部、錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子(体積平均粒子径35nm)15重量部、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート267重量部、分散剤としてポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルリン酸エステル3重量部、及び、体積平均粒子径が0.05mmのジルコニアビーズ1125重量部を、800mlのバッチ式ビーズミル(AIMEX社製、RMB-08)の分散容器に入れた。羽の周速を8m/sとして、1時間撹拌を行って、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を得た。
ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子濃度、錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子濃度を表3のようにした以外は実施例1と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを作製した。
3価の金属元素としてガリウムを含有する酸化亜鉛微粒子(亜鉛の原子数とガリウムの原子数との合計に占めるガリウムの原子数の割合が4%、BET値が60m2/g)18重量部、錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子(体積平均粒子径35nm)12重量部、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート267重量部、分散剤としてポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテルリン酸エステル3重量部、及び、体積平均粒子径が0.05mmのジルコニアビーズ1125重量部を、800mlのバッチ式ビーズミル(AIMEX社製、RMB-08)の分散容器に入れた。羽の周速を8m/sとして、1時間撹拌を行って、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を得た。
ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子濃度、錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子濃度を表2のようにした以外は実施例1と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを作製した。
錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子をアンチモンドープ酸化錫微粒子に変更し、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子濃度、アンチモンドープ酸化錫微粒子濃度、及び、合わせガラス用中間膜中のガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子濃度を表2のようにした以外は実施例22と同様にしてガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を得、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを作製した。
3価の金属元素としてガリウムを含有する酸化亜鉛微粒子(亜鉛の原子数とガリウムの原子数との合計に占めるガリウムの原子数の割合が4%、BET値が60m2/g)30重量部、可塑剤としてトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート267重量部、分散剤としてポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルリン酸エステル3重量部を混ぜ合わせ、超音波洗浄器を用いて48Hz、10分間の条件にて、超音波処理による混合を行ってガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を得た。得られたガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を用い、実施例1と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを作製した。
羽の周速を30m/sに変更したこと以外は実施例7と同様にしてガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を得、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを作製した。
羽周速を30m/sに変更したこと以外は実施例8と同様にしてガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を得、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを作製した。
実施例、参考例及び比較例で得られた分散液、わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスについて、以下のように評価を行った。
結果を表1、表2及び表3に示した。
得られたガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子濃度が0.7重量%、1.0重量%、0.4重量%又は0.2重量%となるようにトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエートで希釈して、測定用の分散液を調整した。
また、実施例22~25では、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子濃度、錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子濃度及びアンチモンドープ酸化錫微粒子濃度を表3の濃度になるようにトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエートで希釈して、測定用の分散液を調整した。
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」、石英セル光路長1mm)を用いて、測定用の分散液の可視光線透過率TVと、赤外線透過率TIRとを測定した。
また、動的光散乱粒度分布測定機(日機装社製、ナノトラックUPA)を用いて、分散液中におけるガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子の体積平均粒子径を測定した。
得られた合わせガラス用中間膜を、酢酸エチルとアセトンとの混合溶剤(酢酸エチル:アセトン=50重量%:50重量%)を用いて洗浄し、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子を取り出した。取り出したガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子の六方晶構造におけるc軸の結晶格子定数を、粉末X線回折装置(リガク社製、RINT1100)を用いて測定した。なお、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子の六方晶構造におけるc軸の結晶格子定数は、粉末X線回折装置を用いて、52kV、100mA、スキャンスピード2.000、サンプリング幅0.020、Si単結晶セル(サンプル面積φ5.0mm)の条件にて測定し、36.1°付近のZnO(101)ピークより、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子の六方晶構造におけるc軸の結晶格子定数を求めた。
分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、JIS R 3106に準拠した方法により、得られた合わせガラスの可視光線透過率TV、赤外線透過率TIRを測定した。また、積分式濁度計(東京電色社製ヘイズメーター)を用いて、得られた合わせガラスのヘイズ値を測定した。
Claims (7)
- ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子、可塑剤、分散剤及び熱可塑性樹脂を含有する合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
前記ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子は、六方晶構造を有し、かつ、c軸の結晶格子定数が0.5207nm以上であり、
前記合わせガラス用中間膜を、厚さ2.5mmの一対のクリアガラスの間に挟み込んで得られた合わせガラスを、JIS R 3106に準拠した方法で測定したときに、可視光線透過率TVが70%以上、かつ、赤外線透過率TIRが75%未満であることを特徴とする合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対して、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子を0.2~1.5重量部含有することを特徴とする請求項1記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 熱可塑性樹脂は、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 更に錫ドープ酸化インジウム微粒子又はアンチモンドープ酸化錫微粒子を含有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 請求項1又は2記載の合わせガラス用中間膜が、一対の透明板の間に挟み込まれていることを特徴とする合わせガラス。
- ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子、可塑剤、分散剤及び熱可塑性樹脂を含有する合わせガラス用中間膜を製造する方法であって、
上記ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子、可塑剤、分散剤を含有するガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を、体積平均粒子径が0.03~0.3mmのビーズを用いたビーズミルにより混合することにより調製する工程と、
前記ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液と熱可塑性樹脂とを混合する工程とを有する
ことを特徴とする合わせガラス用中間膜の製造方法。 - 更に、ガリウムドープ酸化亜鉛微粒子分散液を遠心分離処理する工程を有することを特徴とする合わせガラス用中間膜の製造方法。
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