WO2010035729A1 - 乳飲料 - Google Patents
乳飲料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010035729A1 WO2010035729A1 PCT/JP2009/066476 JP2009066476W WO2010035729A1 WO 2010035729 A1 WO2010035729 A1 WO 2010035729A1 JP 2009066476 W JP2009066476 W JP 2009066476W WO 2010035729 A1 WO2010035729 A1 WO 2010035729A1
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- milk
- fat
- content
- lactose
- snf
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- 235000020124 milk-based beverage Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 147
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 46
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 20
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019543 dairy drink Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 39
- 201000010538 Lactose Intolerance Diseases 0.000 description 16
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 235000020121 low-fat milk Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 102100026189 Beta-galactosidase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010059881 Lactase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- QACUPNAKIPYZAW-RMQWDSPGSA-N O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O.O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O QACUPNAKIPYZAW-RMQWDSPGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010005774 beta-Galactosidase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940116108 lactase Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000020247 cow milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019541 flavored milk drink Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000008476 powdered milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010067482 No adverse event Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020152 coffee milk drink Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020190 lactose-free milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000020185 raw untreated milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013102 re-test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020143 strawberry milk drink Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020138 yakult Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/15—Reconstituted or recombined milk products containing neither non-milk fat nor non-milk proteins
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a milk beverage having a milk flavor, wherein the contents of lactose (lactose) and non-fat milk solids (SNF) belong to a certain range.
- Milk is a highly nutritious food rich in protein, calcium and fat.
- lactose since it contains lactose, it was difficult for lactose intolerant who could not decompose lactose by himself and caused discomfort such as stomach groaning.
- lactose-decomposed milk or lactose-decomposed skim milk powder obtained by previously degrading lactose with an enzyme has been developed and marketed so that lactose intolerant can easily take it (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- these lactose-decomposed milks have a problem that the galactose and glucose produced by lactose degradation are sweeter than milk and the flavor is impaired.
- milk-flavored lactose-free milk having a sweetness adjusted to the level of cow's milk has been developed by removing a part of lactose from raw milk and hydrolyzing all the remaining lactose (for example, Patent Document 2).
- lactose since lactose has an action of promoting calcium absorption, it is desirable not to completely remove it in order to take calcium efficiently. Therefore, by reducing lactose to such an extent that no uncomfortable symptoms are felt, calcium absorbability is increased and milk flavor is improved in milk lactose intolerant and lactose intolerant. It has been desired to provide a milk drink having JP-A-10-262549 International Publication Number WO03 / 094623
- An object of the present invention is to provide a milk beverage having a milk flavor in which the contents of lactose (lactose) and non-fat milk solids (SNF) belong to a certain range.
- lactose is 0.27 wt% or more and 2.30 wt% or less and nonfat milk solids (SNF). It has been found that a milk beverage having a milk flavor can be provided by setting the content within a certain range of 5.0 wt% or more and less than 8.3 wt%, and the present invention has been completed. In the milk beverage of the present invention, the content of lactose is reduced to 0.27 wt% or more and 2.30 wt% or less, so that a person with poor lactose decomposition can take it in peace.
- the present invention relates to the following milk drinks (1) to (8).
- SNF nonfat milk solid content
- a low-fat milk flavored milk beverage belonging to the range represented by (4) The milk beverage according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the content of non-fat milk solid content (SNF) and milk fat content (Fat) is that of non-fat milk solid content (SNF).
- a milk beverage with a component-unadjusted milk flavor belonging to the range represented by (5) The milk beverage according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the content of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) is the non-fat milk solids (SNF) content.
- the present invention has made it possible to provide a milk beverage having a milk flavor that can be safely consumed by persons with poor lactose degradation.
- the milk beverage of the present invention has a calcium absorption higher than that of milk in those with poor lactose degradation and has a milk flavor, so that it is similar to milk in those other than those with poor lactose degradation. Can be ingested.
- the “milk beverage” of the present invention is a milk flavor in which lactose is 0.27 wt% or more and 2.30 wt% or less and nonfat milk solid content (SNF) is 5.0 wt% or more and less than 8.3 wt%.
- SNF nonfat milk solid content
- milk beverage having The “milk drink” of the present invention is a milk drink having a white appearance, and does not include coffee milk drinks, strawberry flavored milk drinks, and the like.
- milk means milk, component-adjusted milk, non-fat milk, as defined in “Ministerial Ordinance on Component Standards for Milk and Dairy Products” (December 27, 1951, Ministry of Health and Welfare Ordinance No. 52), Refers to low-fat milk, processed milk and milk drinks.
- the milk beverage of the present invention preferably has a milk fat content (Fat) of 0.5 wt% or more and 4.5 wt% or less.
- the milk beverage of the present invention may be any milk beverage that can be ingested by animals, and is preferably a milk beverage that can be easily ingested by humans, particularly those with poor lactose degradation, without complaining of discomfort such as tummy. .
- the contents of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) are within the range shown in FIG. It is preferable to prepare it. Further, when the content (% by weight) of the non-fat milk solids (SNF) is x and the content (% by weight) of the milk fat (Fat) is y, it is within the range represented by the following formula 1. It is preferable to prepare so that it may belong to.
- “having a milk flavor” means that sweetness is suppressed as compared with milk such as lactose-decomposed milk with a reduced amount of lactose, and commercially available low-fat milk, non-adjusted milk and special milk. It has the same sweetness and richness as thick milk.
- “having equivalent sweetness and richness” is preferably one having at least one ⁇ in the result of the sensory evaluation of sweetness and richness, as shown in Table 3. In Table 3, it can be said that as the number of ⁇ is larger, it has a sweetness and richness equivalent to commercially available low-fat milk, non-component milk and Tokuno milk, and has a milk flavor.
- the content of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) is within the range shown in FIG. It is preferred to prepare it to belong. Furthermore, it is preferable to prepare so as to be within the range belonging to the above formula 1 and within the range of 11.5 ⁇ a ⁇ 16.5.
- “having low-fat milk flavor” means commercially available low-fat milk (for example, 1.5% by weight of milk fat (Fat) and 8.6% by weight of nonfat milk solids (SNF)). It has the same sweetness and richness.
- the contents of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) are shown in FIG. It is preferable to prepare such that it falls within the range. Furthermore, it is preferable to prepare so as to be within the range belonging to the above formula 1 and within the range of 13.5 ⁇ a ⁇ 20.5.
- “having non-adjusted milk flavor” means commercially available non-adjusted milk (for example, 3.7% by weight of milk fat (Fat) and 8.6% of non-fat milk solids (SNF)). %) And has the same sweetness and richness.
- the content of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) is shown in FIG. It is preferable to prepare so that it may belong to. Furthermore, it is preferable to prepare so as to be within the range belonging to the above formula 1 and within the range of 15.5 ⁇ a ⁇ 21.5.
- “having Tokuno milk flavor” means commercially available Tokuno milk (for example, milk fat content (Fat) is 4.4 wt%, non-fat milk solid content (SNF) is 8.6 wt%). It has the same sweetness and richness.
- the “milk drink” of the present invention includes a milk drink having a calcium absorption higher than that of milk whose lactose amount is not adjusted in those who have poor lactose degradation.
- “poor lactose degradation” means lactose intolerant and potential lactose intolerant
- “latent lactose intolerant” refers to milk containing lactose or defatted milk. There is no subjective symptom, such as reducing discomfort by ingesting milk, but it is a person who cannot completely decompose and absorb lactose by himself and does not remember discomfort due to decomposition of lactose by intestinal bacteria.
- “Potential lactose intolerant” is judged to have no lactose decomposition because the hydrogen concentration in the breath after ingestion is as high as around 100 ppm due to hydrogen generated when intestinal bacteria decompose lactose.
- “calcium absorbability is increased” means that the calcium absorbed in the lactose-degraded person by ingesting the “milk drink” of the present invention is milk whose lactose is not reduced. This is equivalent to or more than the amount of calcium absorbed when taken.
- the “milk beverage” of the present invention can be prepared by any conventionally known method.
- the prepared milk prepared from nonfat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) is cooled to decompose lactose. It is preferable to prepare by adding an enzyme, treating with enzyme, homogenizing by heating, sterilizing, inactivating the enzyme and cooling. Or, using milk raw materials with reduced lactose such as lactose-decomposed powdered milk and lactose-removed powdered milk, the prepared milk prepared with non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) is cooled, homogenized and sterilized -It is possible to adjust by cooling.
- milk beverage production method examples include: 1) preparing a non-fat milk solid content (SNF) content of 5.0 wt% or more and less than 8.3 wt%, and milk fat content (Fat) 2) The step of cooling the prepared milk prepared 2) The step of adding lactose-degrading enzyme to the adjusted milk of 1) and subjecting it to an enzyme treatment to make the lactose content 0.27 wt% to 2.30 wt% 3)
- SNF non-fat milk solid content
- Fat milk fat content
- Examples of the production method include steps 1) to 3) in which 2) is heated and homogenized and sterilized to deactivate the enzyme.
- the decomposition rate of lactose contained in the adjusted milk by lactose decomposing enzyme should be 50 to 95%. In particular, 70% to 90% is preferable when targeting a person with poor lactose degradation.
- the lactose-degrading enzyme used in the “method for producing a milk beverage” of the present invention any commercially available one can be used.
- GODO-YNL manufactured by Godo Shusei Co., Ltd.
- lactase F “Amano” Amano Enzyme Co., Ltd., Sumilac L (Shin Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Lactres L3 (Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.), Lactase Y-AO (Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), Lactozyme (Novozymes Japan Co., Ltd.) Etc.
- the lactose content when producing a milk beverage having the same non-fat milk solid content in a range where the non-fat milk solid content (SNF) is 5.0 wt% or more and less than 8.3 wt%, the lactose content is set to 0.
- the lactose content when adjusting to a low decomposition rate of 0.81 wt% or more and 2.30 wt% or less (for example, a decomposition rate of 50 to 70%), the lactose content is 0.27 wt% or more and 0.92 wt% or less.
- the content of milk fat (Fat) increased by 0.5 to 1.5% with respect to the content of milk fat (Fat) when adjusting to a high decomposition rate (for example, a decomposition rate of 80 to 90%) What is necessary is just to prepare. Thereby, even if it is a different lactose content, the same flavor milk drink can be provided with the same SNF.
- a high decomposition rate for example, a decomposition rate of 80 to 90%
- Preparation method of milk drinks Milk, nonfat concentrated milk, nonfat dry milk, butter and cream are mixed, and the nonfat milk solid content is 5.0 wt% or more and 8.5 wt% or less, and the milk fat content is 0.5 wt% or more.
- 20 kg of prepared milk prepared to 5% by weight or less is cooled to 10 ° C., 12 to 21 ml of lactose-degrading enzyme (lactase) is added, the enzyme reaction is carried out at 10 ° C. for 24 hours, and the lactose degradation rate is 50 to 90%.
- lactose content was prepared.
- Table 1 shows the lactose and SNF contents of the milk beverage prepared in the present invention.
- the SNF content is shown in Table 2.
- the amount of lactose contained in the milk beverage of the present invention is expressed by the following formula a.
- step 1 after determining the amount of lactose before decomposition, the formula b. In the above, the amount of lactose before decomposition was determined by multiplying the amount of lactose not decomposed.
- Example 1 ⁇ Examination of flavor> Each milk beverage (Table 2) prepared in Example 1 with a lactose degradation rate of 85% was subjected to a taste test with 10-11 dedicated panel for sensory evaluation.
- the milk beverage of the present invention had the same sweetness and richness as commercially available low-fat milk, ingredient-free milk, or Tokuno milk. It was confirmed that the milk beverage of the invention is a milk beverage having a low-fat flavor, a component-unprepared milk flavor, or a special flavor, and having a sweetness suppressed more than that of milk. As shown in FIGS. Based on the overall results, -1.0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5, 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0 is one, and ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5. ⁇ Secondly, from the total number of ⁇ combined with FIGS. 1 to 3, the relationship between the content of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat), sweetness and richness of the present invention Table 3 shows tendencies preferred for milk-flavored milk beverages.
- SNF non-fat milk solids
- milk fat milk fat
- a milk-flavored milk beverage can be obtained by preparing the contents of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) so as to fall within the range shown in FIG. Furthermore, it is shown that a low-fat milk-flavored milk beverage can be obtained by adjusting the content of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) to be within the range shown in FIG. It was done. In addition, a milk beverage with no component-adjusted milk flavor can be obtained by adjusting the content of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) to be within the range shown in FIG. Indicated.
- a milk beverage with a flavor of Tokuno milk can be obtained by adjusting the content of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and milk fat (Fat) to be within the range shown in FIG. It was done. 1 to 3 in FIG. From the overall results, -1.0 ⁇ x ⁇ -0.5, 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.0 is marked as ⁇ , -0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.5 is marked as ⁇ These are shown in FIGS.
- the milk beverage of the present invention can be provided by preparing a combination of the content of non-fat milk solids (SNF) and the content of milk fat (Fat). Indicated.
- Test Example 2 ⁇ Examination of calcium absorption> 1. Preparation of test milk Calcium absorbability was examined using milk that was confirmed to be safe by conducting a 5-month storage test and a milk beverage prepared by the same method as in Example 1. The composition of each milk drink is shown in Table 4.
- Test method 1 Selection of test subjects Preliminary questionnaire survey on lactose intolerance was conducted for female university students (228 first graders, 224 second graders, 90 fourth graders), whether lactose intolerance was present, The past milk and dairy product intake situation was investigated. In response to the question “Do you have any tummy symptoms when you drink milk?” In the pre-questionnaire, I answered one of “a. Always, b. Sometimes, c. As subjective symptoms of tolerance, the results shown in Table 5 were obtained.
- Test procedure (AE) A. Test day is early in the morning on fasting (8:30), before consuming urine before drinking (0 urine), test milk a. To d. Each was ingested 200 ml. B. Urine was collected 60 minutes after the start of the test (60 minutes urine), and 200 ml of water was ingested immediately after this urine collection. C. Urine was collected 120 minutes after the start of the test (120 minutes urine), and 200 ml of water was ingested immediately after urine collection. D. Urine was collected 240 minutes after the start of the test (240 minute urine), and the test was terminated. E.
- 44Ca was measured by a 44Ca specialist (measuring organization: Mitsui Chemical Analysis Center, Inc., measuring method: ISP-MS (inductive plasma emission mass spectrometry)). 60 Minute urine and 120 minute urine were stored frozen as preliminary samples.
- test milk b lactose degradation rate 50%
- test milk c lactose degradation rate 75%) showed higher calcium absorbability than test milk a. It was.
- test milk a cow milk: lactose decomposition rate 0%
- test milk d lactose decomposition rate 100%
- the lactose of the present invention is contained in an amount of 0.27% by weight to 2.30% by weight, and the non-fat milk solid content (SNF) is 5.0% by weight or more and 8.3%.
- Milk beverages containing less than% by weight are milk beverages that have higher calcium absorption than milk in those with poor lactose degradation and are less sweet than milk such as lactose-decomposed milk with reduced lactose content. It was confirmed.
- the milk beverage of the present invention is a milk beverage having a milk flavor that can be safely consumed by persons with poor lactose degradation, and can be ingested by persons other than those with poor lactose degradation in the same manner as milk. Therefore, the milk beverage of the present invention can also be used as a raw material for producing dairy products for a wide range of consumers including those with poor lactose degradation.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の乳飲料は乳糖の含有量が0.27重量%以上2.30重量%以下と低減されているため、乳糖分解不良者が安心して摂取できる。また、乳糖分解不良者において牛乳類よりもカルシウム吸収性が高められていることから、十分にカルシウムを摂取することができる。さらに、乳糖の含有量が低減されているにも関わらず、牛乳風味を有していることから、乳糖分解不良者以外の者においても牛乳類と同様に摂取することができる。
(1)ラクトース0.27重量%以上2.30重量%以下および無脂乳固形分(SNF)が5.0重量%以上8.3重量%未満である牛乳風味を有する乳飲料。
(2)乳脂肪分(Fat)が0.5重量%以上4.5重量%以下である上記(1)に記載の乳飲料。
(3)上記(1)または(2)に記載の乳飲料であって、さらに無脂乳固形分(SNF)および乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量が、無脂乳固形分(SNF)の含有量(重量%)をxとして、乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量(重量%)をyとした場合に、y=-2x+a(5.0≦x<8.3、0.5≦y≦4.5、11.5≦a≦16.5)で表わされる範囲内に属する低脂肪牛乳風味の乳飲料。
(4)上記(1)または(2)に記載の乳飲料であって、さらに無脂乳固形分(SNF)および乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量が、無脂乳固形分(SNF)の含有量(重量%)をxとして、乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量(重量%)をyとした場合に、y=-2x+a(5.0≦x<8.3、0.5≦y≦4.5、13.5≦a≦20.5)で表わされる範囲内に属する成分無調整牛乳風味の乳飲料。
(5)上記(1)または(2)に記載の乳飲料であって、さらに無脂乳固形分(SNF)および乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量が、無脂乳固形分(SNF)の含有量(重量%)をxとして、乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量(重量%)をyとした場合に、y=-2x+a(5.0≦x<8.3、0.5≦y≦4.5、15.5≦a≦21.5)で表わされる範囲内に属する特濃牛乳風味の乳飲料。
(6)乳糖分解不良者において乳糖量を調整していない牛乳類よりもカルシウム吸収性が高められた)上記(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の乳飲料。
(7)無脂乳固形分(SNF)と乳脂肪分(Fat)を調製した調整乳を冷却し、乳糖分解酵素を添加して酵素処理して加熱均質化し、殺菌して酵素を失活して冷却してなる上記(1)~(6)のいずれかに記載の乳飲料。
(8)次の1)~3)の工程を含む上記(1)に記載の乳飲料の製造方法、
1)無脂乳固形分(SNF)と乳脂肪分(Fat)を調製した調整乳を冷却する、
2)上記1)の調整乳に乳糖分解酵素を添加して酵素処理する、
3)上記2)を加熱均質化し、殺菌して酵素を失活する。
本発明において「牛乳類」とは、「乳及び乳製品の成分規格等に関する省令」(昭和26年12月27日 厚生省令第52号)で規定された牛乳、成分調整牛乳、無脂肪牛乳、低脂肪牛乳、加工乳および乳飲料のことをいう。
ここで、「同等の甘味やコクを有する」とは、表3に示したように、甘味やコクの官能評価の結果において●が1つ以上とされるものであることが好ましい。表3において、●の数が多い程、市販の低脂肪牛乳、成分無調整牛乳および特濃牛乳と同等の甘味やコクを有し、牛乳風味を有するといえる。
ここで、「低脂肪牛乳風味を有する」とは、市販の低脂肪牛乳(例えば、乳脂肪分(Fat)が1.5重量%、無脂乳固形分(SNF)が8.6重量%のもの)と同等の甘味やコクを有することをいう。
ここで、「成分無調整牛乳風味を有する」とは、市販の成分無調整牛乳(例えば、乳脂肪分(Fat)が3.7重量%、無脂乳固形分(SNF)が8.6重量%のもの)と同等の甘味やコクを有することをいう。
ここで、「特濃牛乳風味を有する」とは、市販の特濃牛乳(例えば、乳脂肪分(Fat)が4.4重量%、無脂乳固形分(SNF)が8.6重量%のもの)と同等の甘味やコクを有することをいう。
本発明において、「乳糖分解不良者」とは、乳糖不耐症者および潜在的乳糖不耐症者のことをいい、「潜在的乳糖不耐症者」とは、乳糖を含む牛乳類や脱脂乳等の摂取によって不快感をおぼえる等の自覚症状はないが、自ら乳糖を完全に分解吸収できず、腸内細菌によって乳糖が分解されることで不快症状をおぼえない者のことである。
「潜在的乳糖不耐症者」は、腸内細菌が乳糖を分解するときに発する水素により、摂取後の呼気中の水素濃度が100ppm前後と高く、乳糖分解がされていないと判断される。
上記2)の工程において、ラクトース含有量を0.27重量%以上2.30重量%以下するためには、乳糖分解酵素による調整乳に含まれる乳糖の分解率を50~95%とすることが好ましく、特に乳糖分解不良者を対象とする場合には、70~90%とすることが好ましい。
本発明の「乳飲料の製造方法」に用いる乳糖分解酵素としては、市販されているいずれのものも用いることができるが、例えばGODO-YNL(合同酒精株式会社製)、ラクターゼF「アマノ」(天野エンザイム株式会社製)、スミラクトL(新日本化学工業株式会社製)、ラクトレスL3(大和化成株式会社製)、ラクターゼY-AO(ヤクルト薬品工業株式会社製)、ラクトザイム(ノボザイムズジャパン株式会社製)等を用いることができる。
乳糖分解率が高いほど、ラクトースの含有量が減り、乳糖分解によって生成される単糖由来の甘さが強くなるので、乳脂肪分は低く調整する。具体的には、無脂乳固形分(SNF)が5.0重量%以上8.3重量%未満の範囲で、同じ無脂乳固形分の乳飲料を製造する場合、ラクトースの含有量を0.81重量%以上2.30重量%以下の低分解率(例えば、分解率50~70%)に調整する場合には、ラクトース含有量が0.27重量%以上0.92重量%以下である高分解率(例えば、分解率80~90%)に調整する場合の乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量に対して0.5~1.5%増やした乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量に調製すればよい。これにより異なるラクトース含量であっても同じSNFで同等の風味の乳飲料を提供することができる。
牛乳、脱脂濃縮乳、脱脂粉乳、バター、クリームを混合し、無脂乳固形分5.0重量%以上8.5重量%以下、乳脂肪分0.5重量%以上4.5重量%以下に調製した20Kgの調整乳を10℃に冷却して乳糖分解酵素(ラクターゼ)を12~21ml添加し、10℃で24時間酵素反応を行い、乳糖分解率が50~90%となるようにして、ラクトース含有量を調製した。これを70℃に加温し、ホモゲナイザーで15Mpaの圧力で均質化し、130℃で2秒間殺菌して酵素を失活した後、5℃に冷却することにより本発明の乳飲料15Kgを得た。
本発明で調製した乳飲料のラクトースおよびSNFの含有量を表1に示した。また、乳糖分解率を85%として調製した乳飲料のラクトースおよびSNFの含有量と、比較として乳糖不耐症者用として販売されている市販の乳飲料(市販1~3)に含まれるラクトース及びSNFの含有量を表2に示した。
なお、本発明の乳飲料に含有されるラクトース量は、以下の式a.において、分解前乳糖量を求めた後、式b.において、当該分解前乳糖量に、乳糖が分解されなかった率をかけることにより求めた。
<風味の検討>
実施例1において乳糖分解率を85%として調製したそれぞれの乳飲料(表2)について、官能評価専用パネル10-11人で呈味試験を行った。
サンプル量は50mL、サンプル温度は8℃で行った。評価は-3~+3の7段階で点数を付け、コントロールと同程度のものを0とした。
この図1~3に示された3.総合の結果より、-1.0≦x<-0.5、0.5<x≦1.0とされたものは●1つ、-0.5≦x≦0.5とされたものは●2つとして、図1~3を合わせた●の合計数より、無脂乳固形分(SNF)および乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量と、甘さおよびコクとの関係において、本発明の牛乳風味の乳飲料において好ましいとされる傾向を表3に示した。
<カルシウム吸収性の検討>
1.試験乳の調製
5ヶ月の保存試験を行って安全性を確認した牛乳および実施例1と同様の方法によって調製した乳飲料を用い、カルシウム吸収性を検討した。各乳飲料の組成を表4に示した。
1)試験対象者の選抜
女子大学生(1年生228名、2年生224名、4年生90名)を対象に乳糖不耐症についての事前アンケートを行い、乳糖不耐症の有無、現在および過去の牛乳・乳製品摂取状況を調べた。
事前アンケートにおける「牛乳を飲むとなんらかのおなかの症状がありますか?」という問に対して、「a.いつもある、b.時々ある、c.全くない」のいずれかを回答させたところ、乳糖不耐症の自覚症状として、表5に記載の結果が得られた。
乳糖負荷試験は、試験対象者に早朝空腹時(8時30分)に乳糖7.5gまたは15.0gを水100mlで摂取させ、摂取前、摂取後30分、60分、90分の4回呼気ガスをサンプリングバッグに採取し、水素濃度を測定することで行った。その結果、2名が乳糖15g摂取後90分で呼気中水素濃度は100ppmに上昇したが、その他の対象者にはこの上昇が見られなかった。ただし、90分にかけてわずかに上昇が見られる対象者もいたことから、乳糖15gを摂取させた後、180分までの呼気を集めるという再試験を行った。
再試験には上記試験に参加した35名中25名が参加し、別途10名の大学院生を加えた35名に対して行った。その結果、100ppmを超える上昇は見られなかったが、180分後に上昇する者が数名存在した。
次に1年生29名を対象に、乳糖15g負荷、180分呼気採取の試験を行ったところ、10名が100ppmに近い水素濃度の上昇を示した。これらの対象者には7.5gの負荷試験も行い、その際の上昇は少ないことを確認した。
以上の結果から、1年生10名、大学院生2名(合計12名)を潜在的乳糖不耐症者として、カルシウム吸収性比較試験を行った。
上記2.1)で選抜した潜在的乳糖不耐症者12名を無作為に4グループに分け、上記1.で調製した乳飲料a.~d.300mlにそれぞれ44Ca25mgとなるように44Ca溶液10mlを添加し、一晩冷蔵庫内で平衡化させた試験乳a.~d.を表6に記載のスケジュールで摂取させた。
A.試験日は早朝空腹時(8時30分)に、飲料摂取前を採尿後(0時尿)、試験乳a.~d.をそれぞれ200mlを摂取させた。
B.試験開始後60分に採尿を行い(60分尿)、この採尿後ただちに水200mlを摂取させた。
C.試験開始後120分に採尿を行い(120分尿)、採尿後ただちに水200mlを摂取させた。
D.試験開始後240分に採尿を行い(240分尿)、試験を終了した。
E.0時尿と240分尿をサンプルとして、44Caの専門業者(計測機関:株式会社 三井化学分析センター、計測方法:ISP-MS(誘導プラズマ発光質量分析法)にて44Caの測定を行った。60分尿および120分尿は予備サンプルとして凍結保存した。
その結果、図8に示したように、試験乳b(乳糖分解率50%)および試験乳c(乳糖分解率75%)では、試験乳aに比べてカルシウムの吸収性が高いことが示された。試験乳a(牛乳:乳糖分解率0%)と試験乳d(乳糖分解率100%)とは差が見られなかったことから、潜在的乳糖不耐症者において、適度な乳糖が存在することによりカルシウムの吸収性が高まることが示された。この結果より、本発明によって調製される乳飲料は乳糖の含有量が低下しているにもかかわらず、カルシウム吸収性が高められていることが確認された。
Claims (8)
- ラクトース0.27重量%以上2.30重量%以下および無脂乳固形分(SNF)が5.0重量%以上8.3重量%未満である牛乳風味を有する乳飲料。
- 乳脂肪分(Fat)が0.5重量%以上4.5重量%以下である請求項1に記載の乳飲料。
- 請求項1または2に記載の乳飲料であって、さらに無脂乳固形分(SNF)および乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量が、無脂乳固形分(SNF)の含有量(重量%)をxとして、乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量(重量%)をyとした場合に、y=-2x+a(5.0≦x<8.3、0.5≦y≦4.5、11.5≦a≦16.5)で表わされる範囲内に属する低脂肪牛乳風味の乳飲料。
- 請求項1または2に記載の乳飲料であって、さらに無脂乳固形分(SNF)および乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量が、無脂乳固形分(SNF)の含有量(重量%)をxとして、乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量(重量%)をyとした場合に、y=-2x+a(5.0≦x<8.3、0.5≦y≦4.5、13.5≦a≦20.5)で表わされる範囲内に属する成分無調整牛乳風味の乳飲料。
- 請求項1または2に記載の乳飲料であって、さらに無脂乳固形分(SNF)および乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量が、無脂乳固形分(SNF)の含有量(重量%)をxとして、乳脂肪分(Fat)の含有量(重量%)をyとした場合に、y=-2x+a(5.0≦x<8.3、0.5≦y≦4.5、15.5≦a≦21.5)で表わされる範囲内に属する特濃牛乳風味の乳飲料。
- 乳糖分解不良者において乳糖量を調整していない牛乳類よりもカルシウム吸収性が高められた請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の乳飲料。
- 無脂乳固形分(SNF)と乳脂肪分(Fat)を調製した調整乳を冷却し、乳糖分解酵素を添加して酵素処理して加熱均質化し、殺菌して酵素を失活して冷却してなる請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の乳飲料。
- 次の1)~3)の工程を含む請求項1に記載の乳飲料の製造方法、
1)無脂乳固形分(SNF)と乳脂肪分(Fat)を調製した調整乳を冷却する、
2)上記1)の調整乳に乳糖分解酵素を添加して酵素処理する、
3)上記2)を加熱均質化し、殺菌して酵素を失活する。
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