WO2010030031A9 - PbフリーCu-Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品 - Google Patents
PbフリーCu-Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010030031A9 WO2010030031A9 PCT/JP2009/066055 JP2009066055W WO2010030031A9 WO 2010030031 A9 WO2010030031 A9 WO 2010030031A9 JP 2009066055 W JP2009066055 W JP 2009066055W WO 2010030031 A9 WO2010030031 A9 WO 2010030031A9
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/24—Brasses; Bushes; Linings with different areas of the sliding surface consisting of different materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2204/00—Metallic materials; Alloys
- F16C2204/10—Alloys based on copper
- F16C2204/18—Alloys based on copper with bismuth as the next major constituent
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
Definitions
- the present invention provides a sliding surface of a Cu-Bi-based sliding material containing Bi instead of Pb, which is a soft metal generally contained in order to exhibit compatibility with a sliding copper alloy. More particularly, the present invention relates to a sliding part made of a Pb-free Cu—Bi-based sintered material, focusing on the influence of these soft metals on the sliding alloy surface on sliding characteristics.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-220630 discloses a Pb-free Cu—Bi-based sintered sliding material in which 1 to 10% by weight of a Bi phase is dispersed, and Ni—Sn or the like around Bi phase particles. There are intermetallic compounds. Note that Pb may be contained instead of Bi or together with Bi. A sketch of the microstructure of the sintered material is shown in FIG. Also, the surface of the sliding material is finished by machining, and then an overlay layer is deposited to form a bearing.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-350772 contains 1 to 30% Bi and 0.1 to 10% hard particles having an average particle size of 10 to 50 ⁇ m, and a Bi phase smaller than the hard particles is Cu.
- a Pb-free Cu-Bi based sintered sliding material having a structure dispersed in a matrix is disclosed. Micrographs of the sintered material are shown in FIGS. Further, the surface state of the Pb-free Cu—Bi-based sintered material is wrapped with paper to have a ten-point average roughness of 1.0 ⁇ m.
- Patent Document 3 WO2008 / 018348 contains 1 to 15% Sn, 1 to 15% Bi, 1 to 10% hard particles having an average particle size of 5 to 70 ⁇ m, and all the hard particles are contained in a copper matrix. Disclosed is a Pb-free Cu—Bi-based sintered sliding material that is bonded. Micrographs of the sintered material are as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, and a large number of Bi phases are dispersed.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 In shifting from a conventional Cu-Pb-based sliding material to a recent Cu-Bi-based sliding material, Patent Documents 1 to 3 consider the characteristics of Bi from various viewpoints. Moreover, since Bi is more expensive than Pb, the viewpoint of the raw material cost of reducing the addition amount as much as possible is also important. JP 2001-220630 A JP 2005-350772 A WO2008 / 018348
- the sliding surface is subjected to machining such as cutting and finished to a predetermined surface roughness, but in the case of Cu-Bi alloy, sintered diamond, etc. Often, high performance tools are used.
- the sliding characteristics of the parts after the processing vary greatly even in the same Bi addition amount and the same Bi phase structure in the Pb-free Cu-Bi sintered sliding material, and the characteristics are the same between the material with a large amount of Bi addition and the material with a small amount of Bi. Sometimes it became. That is, it was found that the Cu—Bi-based sintered sliding material was not a homogeneous material when evaluated with the entire material including the processed surface.
- the present inventors have found that the performance of Bi should be unstable because the state of the surface of the sliding component is affected by machining.
- the cutting tool scrapes the surface of the copper alloy, a part of the copper alloy is separated from the material to be processed as chips.
- the material that is not removed by cutting forms roughness and is under the influence of shear stress by the cutting tool. It was found that the dispersion state of the Bi phase is different from the bulk of the sintered material under the influence of this machining.
- an object of the present invention is to stably exhibit the performance of Bi in a sliding part made of a Pb-free Cu-Bi based sintered material.
- the present invention provides a sliding part made of a Pb-free Cu-Bi based sintered material in which the side contacting the counterpart shaft is finished to a predetermined roughness by machining and a number of Bi phases are present on the finished surface.
- the Pb-free Cu wherein the sintered material covers a part of the Bi phase, and the exposed area ratio of the entire uncoated Bi phase is 0.5% or more with respect to the finished surface
- a sliding component made of a Bi-based sintered material is provided.
- the present invention will be described in detail below.
- Bi and Cu are hardly dissolved. Therefore, Bi is distributed only by Bi at a plurality of crystal grain boundaries of Cu in the Cu-Bi sintered alloy.
- the Bi phase has a particle form that follows the above-described grain boundary form in the Cu-Bi sintered alloy, and has a number of particle forms. In the present specification, each is referred to as a Bi phase. . Therefore, a large number of Bi phases exist on the finished surface of the sliding part made of the sintered material.
- the sliding parts made of Pb-free Cu—Bi-based sintered material are various parts such as transmission bushes, fuel injection pump bushes, automobile engine sliding bearings, machine tool bushings, and marine engine sliding bearings.
- the sliding surface in contact with these mating shafts is processed with a cutting tool such as sintered diamond, cermet, high-speed steel, or carbide tool.
- the surface roughness after processing is generally about JIS Rz 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the Cu—Bi based sintered material used for the Cu—Bi based sliding component in the present invention generally contains 0.5 to 15% by mass, preferably 2 to 10% by mass of Bi.
- Sn for improving the strength is 1 to 15% by mass, preferably 3 to 10% by mass
- Ni for improving the strength is also 5% by mass or less
- solid solution in the Cu matrix and formation of the Ag—Sn enriched layer
- Ag for forming a Bi—Ag eutectic or the like is 5% by mass or less, preferably 0.1 to 1% by mass
- P for improving sinterability is 0.2% by mass or less, dissolved in a Cu matrix.
- In which improves seizure resistance
- In can be contained in an amount of 10% by mass or less
- Zn, which improves strength and corrosion resistance can be contained in an amount of 30% by mass or less.
- These elements can be contained in combination, but the total amount is preferably 40% by mass or less.
- a small amount of Fe, As, Sb, Mn, Al, Be, S, Ti, Si, etc. contained as an impurity element or an accompanying element in the copper alloy or added for the purpose other than improving the sliding characteristics, for example, 0 0.5 mass% or less can be contained.
- the Cu—Bi-based sliding component can contain 10% by mass or less, preferably 1 to 5% by mass of hard particles that improve wear resistance.
- the hard particles are Fe compounds such as Fe 3 P, Fe 2 P, FeB, Fe 2 B, AlN, NiB, Mo 2 C, Al 2 O 3 and the like, preferably Fe 3 P, Fe 2 P, Fe compounds such as FeB and Fe 2 B.
- the average particle size of the hard particles is preferably 1.5 to 70 ⁇ m.
- MoS 2 and graphite can be contained in an amount of 10% by mass or less, preferably 1 to 3% by mass.
- the conventional Cu-Pb-based sliding material has a relatively high Pb content of 5 to 30% by mass and tends to expose a large amount of Pb on the processed surface. Since there is little content of Bi, Bi tends to be hard to be exposed to the processing surface.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional structure photograph after processing the surface of a Cu—Bi-based sintered material with a cutting tool
- FIG. 2 is a binary representation that the Bi phase of the structure photograph of FIG. 1 is black and the Cu matrix is white.
- FIG. The Cu—Bi-based sintered material above the surface shown in these drawings is removed by a cutting tool. It is clear that the structure state of the cut surface is affected by the shear stress of the cutting process as compared with the inside maintaining the sintered structure state, that is, the bulk.
- the cutting tool since the cutting tool is moving from the left side to the right side of the drawing, the sintered material is exposed to the shear stress in this direction, and after the end of cutting, there is an influence of the cutting process at the place where the different phases are in contact. It can be seen. That is, the Bi phase is extended to the surface of the Cu matrix as shown by the positions surrounded by three ellipses (hereinafter referred to as “case 1”), or conversely, copper covers the surface of the Bi phase. (Hereinafter referred to as “Case 2”).
- FIG. 3 and schematic diagram 4 expressing this in black and white binarized form show the same cross-sectional structure, corresponding to case 1, and FIG. 5 and schematic diagram 6 expressing this in black and white binarized form correspond to case 2.
- Case 1 more Bi than expected from the assumption of homogeneous material is exposed to the processing surface.
- case 2 since only a part of the Bi addition amount is exposed on the surface, the sliding characteristics commensurate with the Bi addition amount are not exhibited.
- a method for measuring the Bi exposed area ratio of the Cu-Bi sliding member will be described.
- a sample for measurement is collected after degreasing and washing the machined member.
- the surface exposure state of Bi as shown in the upper half of FIGS. 7 and 8 is observed with an electron microscope, and the result is analyzed by an image analyzer to calculate the exposed area ratio of Bi.
- the Bi phase state of the sample surface changes, so that treatments such as polishing other than degreasing and cleaning must not be performed.
- FIG. 7 shows a micrograph (upper part) and a binarized figure (lower part) of the surface state (Bi exposed area ratio 12.5%) which is machined under the feed speed condition A in Table 1 to form case 1.
- FIG. 8 shows a micrograph (upper part) and a binarized view (lower part) of the surface state (Bi exposed area ratio 0.3%) of the same sample machined under feed condition B to form case 2.
- Bi phase On the processed surface of the Cu—Bi-based sliding component and the detection of Bi using an electron microscope will be described.
- a Bi phase exists at the grain boundary of Cu particles during sintering.
- Ag—Bi eutectic phase In the composition to which an optional element is added, it exists as an Ag—Bi eutectic phase when added simultaneously with Ag.
- Bi is hardly dissolved in Cu, and Bi is detected as distinguished from other phases as Bi phase.
- hard particles when hard particles are added, the liquid phase Bi generated during sintering and the hard particles are present at the same location, and this state becomes the structure of the sintered material as it is. Even in such a structure, hard particles and Bi phases are distinguished in an electron microscope.
- the ratio of the Bi phase existing in the form shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 can be obtained as the Bi exposed area ratio with respect to the machined surface.
- the area ratio of the Bi phase on the processed surface is defined as the Bi exposed area ratio.
- the Bi phase area ratio of the internal cross-sectional structure and the Bi exposed area ratio of the processed surface are often different.
- the results of measurement of the Bi exposed area ratio for a large number of bushes by the present inventor are shown in the following table, organized by Bi content range. As can be seen from this table, even if the Bi content of the Cu—Bi-based sliding component increases, the Bi exposed area ratio may remain at a very low level. As can be seen from this table, even if the Bi content is very high at 10% or more, it is almost the case 2 as in the case of the feed rate B condition, and many Bi phases are covered with Cu deformed by machining. An unexpected result that the exposure rate is extremely low was obtained.
- Cutting conditions Machine Lathe Cutting tool material: Sintered diamond Bush inner diameter: 30mm Rotational speed: 970 r. p. m Feeding speed A: 0.5 mm / rev. Or more Feed rate B: 0.01 mm / rev. Less than
- a Cu—Bi powder having a particle size of 150 ⁇ m or less dispersed on a back metal is sintered in an inert atmosphere at a temperature of 700 to 1000 ° C.
- Bi amount and sintering temperature conditions can be adjusted.
- additive elements such as P, or a hard particle
- the surface of the sintered product is in a state in which the uneven surface due to the sintered particles is pressed down by a rolling roll or the like and the density is increased.
- machining is performed using a cutting tool or the like for adjusting the bearing size and surface roughness.
- the ratio of the substance that flows on the cutting surface after the surface material has been scraped that is, various structures in which Cu or Cu—Sn intermetallic compounds in which pure Cu, Sn, Ni, or the like is dissolved are dispersed.
- Which of the existing Cu matrix and Bi phase is more depends on the machining conditions. For this reason, even if the Bi content of the sintered alloy is constant, it is considered that the Bi exposed area ratio changes depending on the machining conditions.
- low Bi exposed area ratio results such as the feed rate B conditions in Table 1 are obtained.
- the processed Cu—Bi-based sliding component is used as it is, but if necessary, it can be used with a metal-based or resin-based overlay such as Sn having conformability.
- the Bi exposed area ratio is the Bi exposed area ratio of the machined surface before covering the overlay.
- FIG. 9 is data showing the relationship between the Bi or Pb exposed area ratio of the sintered material part and the baking surface pressure.
- the sintered alloy composition of the test material in the figure is as follows, and the surface roughness was set to JIS Rz 2 to 3 ⁇ m by machining.
- the Bi exposed area ratio was changed by mainly adjusting the feed rate, finely adjusting the cutting speed and the shape of the cutting tool, and changing the ratio between cases 1 and 2.
- ⁇ black circle
- Bi ⁇ white diamond
- Pb ⁇ white triangle
- test conditions for seizure resistance were as follows. Testing machine: Bush journal testing machine Sliding speed: 20m / S Load: 1MPa step up Lubrication: ATF
- the Bi exposed area ratio and seizure resistance are related.
- the seizure surface pressure is low when the Bi exposed area ratio is extremely low, and the seizure surface pressure increases as the Bi exposed area ratio increases. That is, Bi that plastically flows with the cutting tool and covers the surface of the sintered material also contributes to the improvement of seizure resistance. Further, the seizing surface pressure is rapidly increased from the Bi exposed area ratio of 0.5%. Therefore, in the present invention, based on such findings, the sliding component is specified by the Bi exposed area ratio, not by the Bi addition amount or content as in the conventional sintered material. .
- the aforementioned Bi exposed area ratio of 0.5% was adopted as a characteristic in the Cu—Bi-based sliding component of the present invention.
- the exposed area ratio of Bi is about 3%, and the seizure surface pressure is almost constant. Even if Bi is added more than this, an effect commensurate with the added amount cannot be obtained.
- this constant baking surface pressure region is almost the same as the characteristics of the conventional Cu-Pb alloy, it is understood that the Pb-free Cu-Bi based sintered alloy can obtain performance comparable to the Cu-Pb based material. .
- the present invention achieves the following effects.
- A The seizure resistance can be improved by controlling the Bi exposed area ratio of the Cu-Bi sintered sliding component.
- B Even with a small Bi addition amount, good seizure resistance can be obtained by increasing the amount of Bi phase exposed on the part surface (Bi exposed area ratio).
- C Seizure resistance equivalent to that of a conventional Cu-Pb-based sintered material can be achieved.
- D Increasing the amount of Bi added to the Bi-based sintered material improves seizure resistance, but deteriorates fatigue resistance, strength and wear resistance. According to the present invention, an excellent seizure resistance can be obtained with a small Bi addition amount, so that characteristics such as fatigue resistance can be improved.
- the prior art has proposed various improvements in the Cu-Bi-based sliding material, but the present invention has advanced discussion and research into the field of machined sliding parts, and has achieved excellent sliding performance. It provides moving parts.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of FIG. 3. It is a cross-sectional microscope picture which shows the surface of the machined Cu-Bi type sliding component, Comprising: The case 2 where Cu is extended to the surface of Bi phase is shown. It is a schematic diagram of FIG.
- the surface machined under feed condition A in Table 1 (Bi exposed area ratio 12.5%) is shown, the upper side is a micrograph, and the lower side is a schematic diagram.
- the surface (Bi exposed area ratio 0.3%) which machined the same sample as FIG. 7 by feed condition B is shown, an upper side is a microscope picture, and a lower side is a schematic diagram. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the exposed area ratio of Bi or Pb, and a baking surface pressure about Cu-Sn type
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Abstract
Description
以下、本発明を詳しく説明する。なお、BiとCuはほとんど固溶しない。そのためBiはCu−Bi焼結合金中でCuの複数の結晶粒界にBiだけで分布する。したがって、Bi相はCu−Bi焼結合金中で、上記の結晶粒界の形態に倣う粒子形態をもち、多数の粒子形態をとっているが、本明細書ではそれぞれをBi相と称している。したがって、焼結材料製摺動部品の仕上面には多数のBi相が存在する。
PbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品とは、トランスミッション用ブシュ、燃料噴射ポンプ用ブシュ、自動車エンジン用すべり軸受、工作機械用ブシュ、船舶エンジン用すべり軸受などの各種部品である。
これらの相手軸と接触する側の摺動面は焼結ダイヤモンド、サーメット、高速度鋼、超硬工具などの切削工具により加工されている。なお、加工後の表面粗さは一般にJIS Rz0.5~5μm程度である。
また、固体潤滑剤として、MoS2、黒鉛を10質量%以下、好ましくは1~3質量%含有することができる。
従来のCu−Pb系摺動材料では、Pb含有量が5~30質量%と比較的多く、加工表面に多くのPbが露出し易い傾向があったが、Cu−Bi系摺動材料ではBiの含有量が少ないために、Biが加工表面に露出し難い傾向がある。
Cu−Bi系合金においては焼結時にCu粒子の粒界にBi相が存在する。任意元素が添加された組成では、Agと同時添加された場合Ag−Bi共晶相として存在する。このような様々のBi存在形態はあるが、BiはCuにはほとんど固溶しないため、BiはBi相として他の相から区別して検出される。さらに、硬質粒子が添加されていると、焼結中に生成する液相Biと硬質粒子が同じ箇所に存在し、この状態がそのまま焼結材料の組織となる。このような組織においても電子顕微鏡において硬質粒子とBi相は区別される。以上のように種々の焼結組織が生成されるが、個々には図1~6に示すような形態で存在するBi相の割合を機械加工面に対するBi露出面積率として求めることができる。
加工表面のBi相の面積率をBi露出面積率と定義する。同一材料であっても内部の断面組織のBi相面積率と加工表面のBi露出面積率は異なることが多い。
加工機:旋盤
切削工具材質:焼結ダイヤモンド
ブシュ内径:30mm
回転数:970r.p.m
送り速度A:0.5mm/rev.以上
送り速度B:0.01mm/rev.以下
Cu−Bi系焼結材料の製造に際しては、裏金上に散布した粒径150μm以下のCu−Bi粉末を温度700~1000℃、不活性雰囲気中で焼結する。Cu−Bi粉末は所定の成分になるようにCu粉末とBi粉末を混合しても良い。また、Bi量、焼結温度条件を調節することができる。また、Pなどの添加元素、あるいは硬質粒子や固体潤滑剤を配合する場合はこれらも混合した上で、焼結を行う。
焼結製品の表面は、焼結粒子による凹凸面が圧延ロールなどで圧下され、密度が高くなった状態である。通常、摺動材として使用する場合は軸受寸法及び表面粗さの調整のために切削工具などを使用して機械加工を行う。さらに、表面の材料が削り取られた後の切削面において、流動する物質の割合、即ち純Cu、Sn、Niなどを固溶したCuやCu−Sn系金属間化合物などを分散した種々の組織で存在するCuマトリクスとBi相のどちらが多いか、が機械加工条件により異なる。このため、焼結合金のBi含有量が一定でも、機械加工条件により、Bi露出面積率が変化すると考えられる。即ち、切削工具の送り速度を速くするほうが、Biが流動して切削面を被覆しやすいことが分かった。非常に低速の送り速度では、表1の送り速度B条件のような低いBi露出面積率の結果が得られる。
加工後のCu−Bi系摺動部品はそのまま使用されるが、必要によりなじみ性を有するSnなどの金属系あるいは樹脂系オーバレイを被着して使用することができる。なお、この場合のBi露出面積率とは、オーバレイを被覆する前の機械加工表面のBi露出面積率である。
図中の供試材の焼結合金組成は、次のとおりであり、機械加工により表面粗さJISRz2~3μmとした。但し、主として送り速度を調節し、切削速度と切削工具の形状を微調節して、ケース1と2の割合を変化させることによりBi露出面積率を変化させた。
●(黒丸):Cu‐3%Sn−7%Bi
◇(白菱形):Cu−3%Sn−23%Pb
△(白三角形):Cu−3%Sn
試験機:ブシュジャーナル試験機
すべり速度:20m/S
荷重:1MPaステップアップ
潤滑:ATF
(イ) Cu−Bi系焼結摺動部品のBi露出面積率を制御することにより耐焼付性を良好にすることができる。
(ロ) 少ないBi添加量でも部品表面に露出するBi相の量(Bi露出面積率)を多くすることにより、良好な耐焼付性を得ることができる。
(ハ) 従来のCu−Pb系焼結材料と同等の耐焼付性を達成することができる。
(ニ) Bi系焼結材料のBi添加量を多くすると、耐焼付性が向上するが、その反面耐疲労性、強度及び耐摩耗性が劣化する。本発明により少ないBi添加量によって、優れた耐焼付性が得られるので、耐疲労性などの特性も良好にすることができる。
粒径150μm以下の表2に組成を示す銅合金アトマイズ粉末を裏金鋼板に厚さ1mmに散布し、850℃で20分間焼結した。その後、焼結材を圧延し、再び同一条件での焼結及び圧延を行った。得られたバイメタル状焼結材の表面を、内径が50mmのブシュ状に曲げ加工した。ブシュ内面を焼結ダイヤモンドの切削工具で加工した。ブシュのBi露出面積率及び耐焼付性を表2に示す。
Claims (8)
- 相手軸と接触する側が機械加工により所定の粗さに仕上げられ、且つ多数のBi相が仕上面に存在するPbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品において、前記機械加工により該焼結材料が一部のBi相を被覆しており、且つ被覆されていないBi相の全体の露出面積率が前記仕上面に対して0.5%以上であることを特徴とするPbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品。
- 前記Cu−Bi系焼結材料のBi含有量が0.5~15質量%である請求項1記載のPbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品。
- 前記Bi露出面積率が2~10%である請求項1又は2記載のPbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品。
- 前記Cu−Bi系焼結材料のBi含有量が2~10質量%である請求項3記載のPbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品。
- 1~15質量%のSn、5質量%以下のNi、5質量%以下のAg、0.2質量%以下のP、10質量%以下のIn、及び30質量%以下のZnの1種又は2種以上を総量で40質量%以下含有することを特徴とする請求項1から4までの何れか1項記載のPbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品。
- 10質量%以下の硬質粒子を含有する請求項1から5までの何れか1項記載のPbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品。
- 10質量%以下の固体潤滑剤を含有する請求項1から6までの何れか1項記載のPbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品。
- 機械加工されたCu−Bi系焼結材料の表面がオーバレイで被覆されていることを特徴とする請求項1から7までの何れか1項記載のPbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品。
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US13/063,069 US8993493B2 (en) | 2008-09-10 | 2009-09-09 | Sliding part made of Pb-free Cu-Bi based sintered alloy |
CN2009801353934A CN102149833B (zh) | 2008-09-10 | 2009-09-09 | 不含Pb的Cu-Bi系烧结材料制得的滑动部件 |
KR1020157002287A KR101696562B1 (ko) | 2008-09-10 | 2009-09-09 | Pb 프리 Cu-Bi계 소결 재료제 슬라이딩 부품 |
EP09813174A EP2322676A4 (en) | 2008-09-10 | 2009-09-09 | SLIDING ELEMENT CONSISTING OF SINTERED MATERIAL FREE OF Pb Cu-Bi TYPE |
JP2010528775A JP5492089B2 (ja) | 2008-09-10 | 2009-09-09 | PbフリーCu−Bi系焼結材料製摺動部品 |
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CN109804095B (zh) * | 2016-09-30 | 2021-07-16 | 大同金属工业株式会社 | 滑动材料及其制造方法、以及滑动构件 |
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US20110224112A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
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WO2010030031A1 (ja) | 2010-03-18 |
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US8993493B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
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