WO2010021231A1 - 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010021231A1 WO2010021231A1 PCT/JP2009/063463 JP2009063463W WO2010021231A1 WO 2010021231 A1 WO2010021231 A1 WO 2010021231A1 JP 2009063463 W JP2009063463 W JP 2009063463W WO 2010021231 A1 WO2010021231 A1 WO 2010021231A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- power generation
- generation unit
- unit
- voltage
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04731—Temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system that generates power by reaction of methanol or the like with an oxidant gas (oxygen), and an electronic device equipped with such a fuel cell system.
- an oxidant gas oxygen
- fuel cells have been put to practical use as industrial or household power generators or power sources for artificial satellites, spacecrafts, etc., because they have high power generation efficiency and do not emit harmful substances.
- development as a power source for vehicles such as passenger cars, buses and trucks has been progressing.
- Such fuel cells are classified into types such as alkaline aqueous solution type, phosphoric acid type, molten carbonate type, solid oxide type and direct type methanol.
- DMFCs direct methanol solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells
- DMFCs direct methanol solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells
- MEA Membrane Electrode Assembly
- MEA Membrane Electrode Assembly
- one of the gas diffusion electrodes is used as a fuel electrode (negative electrode) and methanol as fuel is supplied to the surface of the gas diffusion electrode
- the methanol is decomposed to generate hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons, and the hydrogen ions are converted into a solid polymer electrolyte.
- the other of the gas diffusion electrodes is an oxygen electrode (positive electrode) and air as an oxidant gas is supplied to the surface thereof, oxygen in the air is combined with the hydrogen ions and electrons to generate water. . Due to such an electrochemical reaction, an electromotive force is generated from the DMFC.
- fuel cells used for mobile applications are required to stably generate power in various environments, such as indoors, outdoors in midwinter, in hot cars in midsummer, and in bags that are difficult to dissipate heat.
- the fuel cell has an appropriate fuel supply amount that varies depending on the temperature and humidity of the external environment. Therefore, detailed fuel supply control according to environmental fluctuations (fuel supply control that does not cause excess or deficiency in the fuel supply amount) ) Is required.
- This crossover phenomenon is a phenomenon in which surplus fuel burns directly on the oxygen electrode, which not only reduces the use efficiency of the fuel but is wasted, and may cause burns to the user due to the temperature rise. is there. Conversely, if the fuel supply becomes insufficient, sufficient output cannot be obtained, and power supply to devices connected to the fuel cell may be stopped.
- Patent Document 1 a control method of the fuel supply amount for the purpose of suppressing excess and deficiency in the fuel supply amount has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).
- the secondary battery is charged with the generated voltage and generated current (generated power) by the fuel cell to drive the load. Therefore, in such a fuel cell system, it is desired to charge the secondary battery with the power generated by the fuel cell as efficiently as possible.
- Patent Document 2 proposes using a DC / DC converter to control the power generation voltage value of the fuel cell to be kept constant.
- this control method has a problem that, for example, when a crossover phenomenon occurs, the situation becomes worse. Specifically, for example, when fuel is insufficient during constant current control, the voltage drops and falls below the lower limit, but when the crossover phenomenon occurs, the voltage drops in the same way, so the voltage falls below the lower limit. End up. Here, the fuel must be supplied in the former (when fuel is insufficient), but the fuel supply must be stopped in the latter (when the crossover phenomenon occurs).
- the conventional fuel supply control since only the voltage is seen, there is a problem that these differences cannot be distinguished.
- a liquid supply type liquid fuel (methanol aqueous solution) is supplied to the fuel electrode as it is
- a vaporization supply type in a state where the liquid fuel is vaporized.
- the vaporization supply type cannot perform fuel supply control according to the fuel concentration as in the liquid supply type, and is in a fuel supply cycle (operation timing of the fuel supply pump, shutter opening / closing timing, etc.). The fuel supply is controlled accordingly. Therefore, in particular, in the vaporization supply type DMFC, it has been desired to realize a stable power generation operation independent of the external environment by suppressing excess and deficiency in the fuel supply amount.
- a liquid supply type liquid fuel (methanol aqueous solution) is supplied to the fuel electrode as it is
- a vaporization supply type in a state where the liquid fuel is vaporized.
- the vaporization supply type cannot perform fuel supply control according to the fuel concentration as in the liquid supply type, and is intermittent fuel supply control according to the fuel supply cycle.
- the vaporization supply type DMFC it is difficult to control the power generation voltage and power generation current due to intermittent fuel supply control, and it has been desired to realize a stable power generation operation.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and a first object thereof is a fuel cell system capable of generating power more stably than the conventional one without depending on the external environment, and such a fuel cell.
- the object is to provide an electronic device equipped with a system.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of performing more stable power generation than that of a conventional fuel cell of vaporization supply type, and an electronic device equipped with such a fuel cell system. It is in.
- a first fuel cell system includes a power generation unit that generates power by supplying fuel and an oxidant gas, a fuel that supplies liquid fuel to the power generation unit side, and the supply amount of the liquid fuel is adjustable.
- a supply unit a fuel vaporization unit for supplying gaseous fuel to the power generation unit by vaporizing the liquid fuel supplied by the fuel supply unit, a temperature detection unit for detecting the temperature of the power generation unit, and the temperature detection unit
- a control unit that controls the temperature of the power generation unit to be constant by adjusting the amount of liquid fuel supplied by the fuel supply unit based on the detected temperature of the power generation unit.
- the first electronic device of the present invention includes the first fuel cell system of the present invention.
- the liquid fuel supplied from the fuel supply unit is vaporized in the fuel vaporization unit, whereby gaseous fuel is supplied to the power generation unit. And in a power generation part, electric power generation is performed by supply of this gaseous fuel and oxidant gas.
- the temperature of the power generation unit corresponding to such power generation is detected by the temperature detection unit. Then, based on the detected temperature of the power generation unit, the supply amount of the liquid fuel by the fuel supply unit is adjusted, so that the temperature of the power generation unit is controlled to be constant.
- the crossover phenomenon is avoided as compared with the conventional fuel supply control based on the generated voltage, generated current, or generated power. Or fuel supply control according to changes in the external environment. Further, since feedback control is performed so that the temperature of the power generation unit becomes constant, the temperature of the power generation unit is stabilized as compared with simple control by turning on (executing) and turning off (stopping) fuel supply.
- a second fuel cell system of the present invention includes a power generation unit that generates power by supplying fuel and an oxidant gas, and a fuel supply unit that supplies liquid fuel to the power generation unit side and that can adjust the supply amount of the liquid fuel.
- a fuel vaporization unit that vaporizes the liquid fuel supplied by the fuel supply unit to supply gas fuel to the power generation unit, a booster circuit that boosts the power generation voltage supplied from the power generation unit, and a predetermined control
- a control unit that controls the load voltage and the load current supplied from the booster circuit to the load by controlling the operation of the booster circuit using the table is provided.
- a second electronic device of the present invention includes the second fuel cell system of the present invention.
- the liquid fuel supplied from the fuel supply unit is vaporized in the fuel vaporization unit, whereby gaseous fuel is supplied to the power generation unit. And in a power generation part, electric power generation is performed by supply of this gaseous fuel and oxidant gas. Further, the power generation voltage supplied from the power generation unit by such power generation is boosted by the booster circuit and supplied to the load as a load voltage. At this time, the operation of the booster circuit is controlled using a predetermined control table, whereby the load voltage and load current supplied from the booster circuit to the load are controlled.
- the temperature of the power generation unit is adjusted by adjusting the amount of liquid fuel supplied by the fuel supply unit based on the detected temperature of the power generation unit. Since constant control is performed, for example, crossover phenomenon can be avoided or fuel supply control according to changes in the external environment can be facilitated, and the temperature of the power generation unit can be stabilized. Therefore, it is possible to generate power more stably than before without depending on the external environment.
- the power generation voltage supplied from the power generation unit is boosted by the booster circuit, and the operation of the booster circuit is controlled using a predetermined control table.
- the load voltage and load current supplied from the booster circuit to the load are controlled. Therefore, even when intermittent fuel supply is performed in the vaporization supply type fuel cell, the load voltage And efficient control over load current. Therefore, it is possible to perform more stable power generation than before in the vaporization supply type fuel cell.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an overall configuration of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing showing the structural example of the electric power generation part shown in FIG. It is a top view showing the structural example of the electric power generation part shown in FIG. It is a characteristic view for demonstrating the outline
- FIG. It is a schematic characteristic diagram for demonstrating the power generation characteristic by the fuel supply control which concerns on the comparative example 2.
- FIG. It is a schematic characteristic diagram for demonstrating the outline
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram for explaining a detailed configuration of a control unit according to Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 10 is a characteristic diagram illustrating an example of power generation characteristics by fuel supply control according to Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram for explaining the operation of the booster circuit shown in FIG. 24. It is a timing waveform diagram for demonstrating the outline
- FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram illustrating configurations of a booster circuit and a voltage divider circuit illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a timing waveform diagram for explaining a PWM signal generation operation.
- FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram for explaining the operation of the booster circuit shown in FIG. 27. It is a timing waveform diagram for demonstrating the constant voltage operation
- FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of a fuel cell system (fuel cell system 5) according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 5 supplies power for driving the load 6 via the output terminals T2 and T3.
- the fuel supply system 5 includes a fuel cell 1, a temperature detector 30, a current detector 31, a voltage detector 32, a booster circuit 33, a secondary battery 34, and a controller 35. .
- the fuel cell 1 includes a power generation unit 10, a fuel tank 40, and a fuel pump 42. The detailed configuration of the fuel cell 1 will be described later.
- the power generation unit 10 is a direct methanol type power generation unit that generates power by a reaction between methanol and an oxidant gas (for example, oxygen), and includes a plurality of unit cells having a positive electrode (oxygen electrode) and a negative electrode (fuel electrode). It consists of The detailed configuration of the power generation unit 10 will be described later.
- an oxidant gas for example, oxygen
- the fuel tank 40 contains liquid fuel (for example, methanol or aqueous methanol solution) necessary for power generation.
- liquid fuel for example, methanol or aqueous methanol solution
- the fuel pump 42 is a pump for pumping the liquid fuel accommodated in the fuel tank 40 and supplying (transporting) the liquid fuel to the power generation unit 10 side, and is capable of adjusting the fuel supply amount.
- the operation of the fuel supply pump 42 (liquid fuel supply operation) is controlled by a control unit 35 described later.
- the detailed configuration of the fuel pump 42 will be described later.
- the temperature detection unit 30 detects the temperature T1 of the power generation unit 10 (specifically, the temperature at or near the power generation unit 10) T1, and is configured by a thermistor, for example.
- the current detection unit 31 is arranged between the positive electrode side of the power generation unit 10 and the connection point P1 on the connection line L1H, and detects the power generation current I1 of the power generation unit 10.
- the current detection unit 31 includes a resistor, for example. Such a current detection unit 31 may be disposed on the connection line L1L (between the negative electrode side of the power generation unit 10 and the connection point P2).
- the voltage detector 32 is arranged between the connection point P1 on the connection line L1H and the connection point P2 on the connection line L1L, and detects the power generation voltage V1 of the power generation unit 10.
- the voltage detection unit 32 includes, for example, a resistor.
- the booster circuit 33 is disposed between the connection point P1 on the connection line L1H and the connection point P3 on the output line LO, and boosts the power generation voltage V1 (DC voltage) of the power generation unit 10 to generate a DC voltage. It is a voltage conversion part which produces
- the booster circuit 33 is constituted by, for example, a DC / DC converter.
- the secondary battery 34 is disposed between the connection point P3 on the output line LO and the connection point P4 on the ground line LG, and stores power based on the DC voltage V2 generated by the booster circuit 33. It is.
- the secondary battery 34 is composed of, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the control unit 35 includes a power generation unit temperature (detection temperature) T1 detected by the temperature detection unit 30, a power generation current (detection current) I1 detected by the current detection unit 31, and a power generation detected by the voltage detection unit 32.
- the supply amount of the liquid fuel by the fuel pump 42 is adjusted based on the voltage (detection voltage) V1.
- the temperature of the power generation unit 10 is kept constant (substantially approximately) by adjusting the amount of liquid fuel supplied by the fuel pump 42 based on the detected temperature T1 detected by the temperature detection unit 30.
- the control is performed so as to be within a predetermined range.
- the control unit 35 is configured by, for example, a microcomputer. The detailed configuration and detailed operation of the control unit 35 will be described later.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show configuration examples of the unit cells 10A to 10F in the power generation unit 10 in the fuel cell 1, and FIG. 2 corresponds to the cross-sectional configuration taken along the line II-II in FIG. To do.
- the unit cells 10A to 10F are arranged in, for example, 3 rows ⁇ 2 columns in the in-plane direction, and have a planar stacked structure in which a plurality of connection members 20 are electrically connected in series.
- a terminal 20A which is an extension of the connection member 20, is attached to the unit cells 10C and 10F.
- a fuel tank 40, a fuel pump 42, a nozzle 43, and a fuel vaporization unit 44 are provided below the unit cells 10A to 10F.
- Each of the unit cells 10A to 10F has a fuel electrode (a negative electrode, an anode electrode) 12 and an oxygen electrode 13 (a positive electrode, a cathode electrode) arranged to face each other with the electrolyte membrane 11 therebetween.
- a fuel electrode a negative electrode, an anode electrode
- an oxygen electrode 13 a positive electrode, a cathode electrode
- the electrolyte membrane 11 is made of, for example, a proton conductive material having a sulfonic acid group (—SO 3 H).
- proton conducting materials include polyperfluoroalkylsulfonic acid proton conducting materials (for example, “Nafion (registered trademark)” manufactured by DuPont), hydrocarbon proton conducting materials such as polyimide sulfonic acid, or fullerene proton conducting materials. Is mentioned.
- the fuel electrode 12 and the oxygen electrode 13 have a configuration in which a catalyst layer containing a catalyst such as platinum (Pt) or ruthenium (Ru) is formed on a current collector made of, for example, carbon paper.
- the catalyst layer is made of, for example, a dispersion in which a carrier such as carbon black carrying a catalyst is dispersed in a polyperfluoroalkylsulfonic acid proton conductive material or the like.
- an air supply pump (not shown) may be connected to the oxygen electrode 13 or communicate with the outside through an opening (not shown) provided in the connection member 20 to supply air, that is, oxygen by natural ventilation. You may come to be.
- the connecting member 20 has a bent portion 23 between the two flat portions 21 and 22.
- the connecting member 20 is in contact with the fuel electrode 12 of one unit cell (for example, 10A) in one flat portion 21 and in the other flat portion 22.
- Adjacent to the oxygen electrode 13 of the adjacent unit cell (for example, 10B), the two adjacent unit cells (for example, 10A and 10B) are electrically connected in series, and are generated in each of the unit cells 10A to 10F. It also has a function as a current collector for collecting electricity.
- Such a connection member 20 has, for example, a thickness of 150 ⁇ m and is made of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), or stainless steel (SUS), such as gold (Au) or platinum (Pt). It may be plated with.
- the connecting member 20 has openings (not shown) for supplying fuel and air to the fuel electrode 12 and the oxygen electrode 13, respectively.
- the connecting member 20 is made of mesh such as expanded metal, punching metal, or the like. It is configured.
- the bent portion 23 may be bent in advance according to the thickness of the unit cells 10A to 10F, or in the manufacturing process when the connecting member 20 has flexibility such as a mesh having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m or less. It may be formed by bending.
- Such a connecting member 20 is formed by, for example, screwing a sealing material (not shown) such as PPS (polyphenylene sulfide) or silicone rubber provided around the electrolyte membrane 11 to the connecting member 20. It is joined to the unit cells 10A to 10F.
- the fuel tank 40 includes, for example, a container (for example, a plastic bag) whose volume changes without bubbles or the like even when the liquid fuel 41 increases or decreases, and a rectangular parallelepiped case (structure) that covers the container. Has been.
- the fuel tank 40 is provided with a fuel pump 42 for sucking the liquid fuel 41 in the fuel tank 40 and discharging it from the nozzle 43 near the center.
- the fuel pump 42 is, for example, a flow as a pipe connecting a piezoelectric body (not shown), a piezoelectric support resin portion (not shown) for supporting the piezoelectric body, and the fuel tank 40 to the nozzle 43. And a road (not shown).
- the fuel pump 42 can adjust the fuel supply amount in accordance with the change in the fuel supply amount per operation or the fuel supply cycle ⁇ t. .
- the fuel pump 42 corresponds to a specific example of “fuel supply unit” in the present invention.
- the fuel vaporization unit 44 supplies gaseous fuel to the power generation unit 10 (unit cells 10A to 10F) by vaporizing the liquid fuel supplied by the fuel pump 42.
- the fuel vaporization section 44 is used to promote the diffusion of fuel on a plate (not shown) made of a highly rigid resin material such as a metal or alloy including stainless steel, aluminum, or cycloolefin copolymer (COC).
- the diffusion part (not shown) is provided.
- an inorganic porous material such as alumina, silica, titanium oxide, or a resin porous material can be used.
- the nozzle 43 is a fuel ejection port that is transported by a flow path (not shown) of the fuel pump 42, and ejects fuel toward a diffusion portion provided on the surface of the fuel vaporization portion 44. Yes. Thereby, the fuel transported to the fuel vaporization unit 44 is diffused and vaporized and supplied to the power generation unit 10 (unit cells 10A to 10F).
- the nozzle 43 has a diameter of, for example, 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.
- FIG. 5 shows a detailed block configuration of the control unit 35.
- the control unit 35 includes a subtraction unit (difference calculation unit) 350, a PID control unit 351, and a heat generation correction unit 352.
- the subtraction unit 350 is set in advance in the control unit 35 or is input from the outside (target temperature (set temperature) Tsv (s)), and the temperature (detected temperature) T1 of the power generation unit 10 detected by the temperature detection unit 30.
- the PID control unit 351 causes the difference of the difference value between the target temperature Tsv (s) and the detected temperature Tpv (s) obtained by the subtraction unit 350 to be proportional to the time integral value and the time differential value, thereby reducing the liquid fuel.
- a supply amount (desired heat generation amount H (s)) is calculated, and the desired heat generation amount H (s) is output to the heat generation correction unit 352.
- the PID control unit 351 calculates the desired heat generation amount H (s) using the following equations (1) and (2).
- H (s) K P ⁇ T (s) + T I ⁇ T (s) ds + T D ⁇ d ⁇ T (s) / ds ⁇ (1)
- ⁇ T (s) Tsv (s) ⁇ Tpv (s) (2)
- H (s): Desired calorific value K P , T I , T D PID constant
- the heat generation correction unit 352 calculates the energy conversion efficiency in the power generation unit 10 based on the power generation voltage (detection voltage) V1 detected by the voltage detection unit 32 and the power generation current (detection current) I1 detected by the current detection unit 31.
- the fuel supply amount P (s) is calculated using the calculated energy conversion efficiency (the liquid fuel supply amount calculated by the PID control unit 351 is corrected).
- Information on the fuel supply amount P (s) is output to the fuel pump 42 in the fuel cell 1. Thereby, although mentioned later for details, the temperature of the electric power generation part 10 becomes fixed.
- the heat generation correction unit 352 calculates the fuel supply amount P (s) using the following equations (3) and (4).
- the energy conversion efficiency ⁇ in the power generation unit 10 is calculated in consideration of the power generation current I1 of the power generation unit 10 in addition to the power generation voltage V1 of the power generation unit 10, but the fuel utilization rate By performing an approximation that E is approximately 1, the energy conversion efficiency ⁇ in the power generation unit 10 may be approximately calculated ( ⁇ V O / V T ). In actual control, even if such approximate calculation is performed, there is almost no influence on the control operation.
- the fuel cell system 5 of the present embodiment can be manufactured as follows, for example.
- the fuel electrode 12 and the oxygen electrode 13 are joined to the electrolyte membrane 11 by thermocompression bonding the electrolyte membrane 11 made of the above-described material between the fuel electrode 12 and the oxygen electrode 13 made of the above-described material, Unit cells 10A to 10F are formed.
- a connecting member 20 made of the above-described material is prepared. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, six unit cells 10A to 10F are arranged in 3 rows ⁇ 2 columns, and electrically connected by the connecting member 20. Connect in series. A sealing material (not shown) made of the above-described material is provided around the electrolyte membrane 11, and the sealing material is fixed to the bent portion 23 of the connecting member 20 by screwing.
- the fuel cell 1 Form.
- the temperature detector 30, current detector 31, voltage detector 32, booster circuit 33, secondary battery 34, and controller 35 described above are electrically connected to the fuel cell 1 as shown in FIG. Install in parallel.
- the fuel cell system 5 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is completed.
- the liquid fuel 41 accommodated in the fuel tank 40 is pumped up by the fuel pump 42 and reaches the fuel vaporization section 44 through a flow path (not shown).
- the fuel vaporization section 44 when the liquid fuel is ejected by the nozzle 43, it is diffused over a wide range by a diffusion section (not shown) provided on the surface thereof.
- the liquid fuel is naturally vaporized, and the gaseous fuel is supplied to the power generation unit 10 (specifically, the fuel electrodes 12 of the unit cells 10A to 10F).
- the generated current I1 a part of the chemical energy of the liquid fuel 41, that is, methanol, is converted into electric energy, collected by the connecting member 20, and taken out from the power generation unit 10 as a current (generated current I1).
- the generated voltage (DC voltage) V1 based on the generated current I1 is boosted (voltage converted) by the booster circuit 33 to become a DC voltage V2.
- the DC voltage V2 is supplied to the secondary battery 34 or a load (for example, an electronic device main body).
- the DC voltage V2 is supplied to the secondary battery 34, the secondary battery 34 is charged based on this voltage, while the DC voltage V2 is supplied to the load 6 through the output terminals T2 and T3.
- the load 6 is driven and a predetermined operation is performed.
- the fuel supply amount is adjusted according to the change in the fuel supply amount per one operation or the fuel supply cycle ⁇ t by the control of the control unit 35.
- the temperature (detected temperature) T1 of the power generation unit 10 is detected by the temperature detection unit 30, and this Based on the detected temperature T1, the supply amount of the liquid fuel by the fuel pump 42 is adjusted by the control unit 35.
- the fuel supply amount and the temperature of the power generation unit are different from the above-described power generation voltage and the like, and have a monotonically increasing relationship as shown in FIG. 10, for example.
- PID control is performed by the PID control unit 351 so that the temperature of the power generation unit 10 becomes constant. It has been made.
- This PID control is one of the classic feedback control methods that can quickly bring the control amount close to the target value and stabilize it, and is a control method that makes it possible to approach the actual target value smoothly.
- the calculated fuel supply amount is not supplied as it is, but a power generation test is performed by adding noise to the calculation result (noise). (Results of power generation when there is no noise ⁇ noise) From FIG. 14, it can be seen that even if noise is added, the power generation output is hardly affected and power generation continues stably. In a fuel cell system that uses a fuel pump as a fuel supply means, there is a possibility that the ejection amount changes due to deterioration with time or disturbance of the fuel pump. However, the results shown in FIG. 14 indicate that power generation continues stably even if the ejection amount of the fuel pump changes unexpectedly.
- FIGS. 15A to 15D is a case where the fuel supply amount is suddenly and drastically changed (here, suddenly lowered). From FIG. 15, it can be seen that even if the fuel supply amount is suddenly and drastically changed, the fluctuation can be almost absorbed by the PID control.
- FIGS. 16 (A) to 16 (C) is a case where bubbles are mixed into the liquid fuel.
- FIG. 16 shows that even when some air is mixed into the fuel electrode, the fluctuation can be almost absorbed by the PID control.
- the temperature T1 of the power generation unit 10 is adjusted by adjusting the amount of liquid fuel supplied by the fuel pump 42 based on the temperature T1 of the power generation unit 10 detected by the temperature detection unit 30. Since constant control is performed, for example, crossover phenomenon can be avoided or fuel supply control according to fluctuations in the external environment can be facilitated, and the temperature of the power generation unit 10 can be stabilized. . Therefore, it is possible to generate power more stably than in the past, regardless of the external environment (for example, deterioration with time or disturbance).
- the supply amount of the liquid fuel is proportional to the time integral value and the time differential value of the difference value between the target temperature Tsv (s) and the detected temperature T1 (Tpv (s)).
- the heat generation correction unit 352 calculates the energy conversion efficiency ⁇ in the power generation unit 10 based on the power generation voltage V1 detected by the voltage detection unit 32 and the power generation current I1 detected by the current detection unit 31. Since the supply amount of the liquid fuel is corrected using the energy conversion efficiency ⁇ , fuel supply control in consideration of the energy conversion efficiency ⁇ is possible, and it is possible to perform more stable power generation than in the past.
- FIG. 17 shows a block configuration of the control unit 36 of the present embodiment.
- the control unit 36 includes a subtraction unit (difference calculation unit) 350, a PID control unit 351, a heat generation correction unit 352, a utilization rate control unit 361, and a minimum value selection unit 362. That is, in the control unit 35 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a utilization rate control unit 361 and a minimum value selection unit 362 are further provided.
- Calculated theoretical current value I T ) and the liquid fuel supply amount P E (s) is calculated so that the calculated fuel utilization rate E is maintained (so as to be constant).
- the fuel utilization rate E means that the ratio of the measured current (here, the detected current I1) to the theoretical maximum current, calculated based on this relationship, is that 6e ⁇ charge is extracted per molecule of methanol. Means.
- the utilization rate control unit 361 calculates the fuel supply amount P E (s) using the following equation (8).
- P E (s) Kcell ⁇ Esv ⁇ Ipv (s) (8) (Kcell: proportional constant, Esv: set value of utilization rate, Ipv (s): current generated current value)
- the minimum value selection unit 362 uses the PID control unit 351 and the heat generation correction unit 352 to calculate the fuel supply amount P PID (s) (first fuel supply amount) calculated based on the temperature T1 of the power generation unit 10 and the utilization rate.
- the control unit 361 determines the final fuel supply amount P (s) in consideration of the fuel supply amount P E (s) (second fuel supply amount) calculated based on the fuel utilization rate E.
- the fuel is supplied to the fuel pump 42 in the fuel cell 1. Specifically, the final fuel supply amount P (s) is determined by selecting one of the fuel supply amount P PID (s) and the fuel supply amount P E (s). Yes. More specifically, the final fuel supply amount P (s) is determined by selecting the smaller one of the fuel supply amount P PID (s) and the fuel supply amount P E (s). It comes to decide.
- the selection method in the minimum value selection unit 36 instead of the selection method in the minimum value selection unit 36, another selection method may be used. For example, depending on the type of power generation mode in the power generation portion 10, by selecting one of the fuel supply amount P PID (s) and the fuel supply amount P E (s), the final fuel supply amount P ( s) may be determined.
- the above-described utilization rate control unit 361 is provided in the control unit 106, and the liquid fuel is controlled so that the calculated utilization rate of fuel becomes constant. It is conceivable to adjust the supply amount P E (s). This is because, for example, even when sudden cooling or the like occurs, it is considered possible to follow environmental changes.
- the PID control unit 351 and the heat generation correction unit 352 calculate the fuel supply amount P PID (s) calculated based on the temperature T1 of the power generation unit 10 and the utilization rate.
- the final fuel supply amount P (s) is determined in consideration of both the fuel supply amount P E (s) calculated based on the fuel utilization rate. . That is, the advantage in the PID control in which the temperature of the heat generating unit 10 is constant and the advantage in the utilization rate control in which the utilization rate of the heat generating unit 10 is constant are combined, so that the respective disadvantages are offset.
- the utilization rate E of the power generation unit 10 becomes constant, thereby avoiding a high heat generation phenomenon in the case of PID control and an upper limit on the temperature of the power generation unit 10. Since it is provided, the high temperature phenomenon in the case of utilization rate control is avoided.
- the fuel supply amount P PID (s) calculated based on the temperature T1 of the power generation unit 10 and the utilization rate control unit 361 The final fuel supply amount P (s) is determined in consideration of both the fuel supply amount P E (s) calculated based on the fuel utilization rate E. A high heat generation phenomenon and a high temperature phenomenon in the case of utilization rate control can be avoided. Therefore, compared to the first embodiment, it is possible to generate power stably even under various changes in the external environment.
- the minimum fuel supply amount P PID (s) and the fuel supply amount P E (s) are selected by the minimum value selector 362 to select the final fuel supply amount. Since P (s) is determined, the effects as described above can be obtained.
- the PID control and the utilization rate control it is possible to define the upper limit value (Tmax) of the temperature of the power generation unit 10 and the lower limit value (Emin) of the utilization rate, which is safe against various disturbances. Thus, it is possible to realize a robust power generation operation.
- the fuel is completely consumed every 10 minutes, and the actual value of the fuel utilization rate E in the past 10 minutes is calculated each time. Then, the lower limit value of the utilization rate E is automatically updated so that the calculated utilization rate E is maintained even in the next 10 minutes.
- FIG. 24 shows the overall configuration of a fuel cell system (fuel cell system 5A) according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the fuel cell system 5A supplies power for driving the load 6 via the output terminals T2 and T3.
- the fuel cell system 5A includes a fuel cell 1, a current detector 31, a voltage detector 32, a booster circuit 33A, a voltage divider circuit 37, a secondary battery 34, and a controller 35A.
- symbol is attached
- the voltage detection unit 32 is disposed between the connection point P1 on the connection line L1H and the connection point P2 on the connection line L1L, and generates the power generation voltage V1 of the power generation unit 10 (the input voltage Vin of the booster circuit 33A). It is to detect.
- the voltage detection unit 32 includes, for example, a resistor.
- the booster circuit 33A is disposed between the connection point P1 on the connection line L1H and the connection point P5 on the output line LO, and boosts the power generation voltage V1 (DC input voltage Vin) of the power generation unit 10, It is a voltage conversion part which produces
- the booster circuit 33A includes, for example, a DC / DC converter, and compares the potential between a divided voltage VFB generated by a voltage divider circuit 37 described later and a predetermined reference voltage (reference voltage Vref described later). Depending on the result, a boosting operation is performed. By such a boosting operation of the booster circuit 33A, for example, as shown in FIG.
- the output voltage Vout can be made larger than the terminal voltage LiV of the secondary battery 34 to generate a potential difference ⁇ V. Can be charged. Further, the value of the output current Iout from the booster circuit 33A at this time is determined by the potential difference ⁇ V and the internal resistance value of the secondary battery 34. The detailed configuration and detailed operation of the booster circuit 33A will be described later.
- the voltage dividing circuit 37 is disposed between a connection point P5 on the output line LO and a connection point P6 on the ground line LG, and is configured by resistors R3 and R4 and a variable resistor Rv. One end of the resistor R3 is connected to the connection point P5, and the other end is connected to one end of the variable resistor Rv. The other end of the variable resistor Rv is connected to one end of the resistor R4 at the connection point P7. The other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the connection point P6.
- the voltage dividing circuit 37 feeds back the divided voltage V FB (feedback voltage) of the output voltage Vout from the booster circuit 33A generated between the connection points P7 and P6 to the booster circuit 33A. Yes. Details of this feedback operation will be described later.
- the secondary battery 34 is disposed between the connection point P3 on the output line LO and the connection point P4 on the ground line LG, and a DC output voltage Vout (load voltage) generated by the booster circuit 33A; Electric storage is performed based on the output current Iout (load current) from the booster circuit 33A.
- the secondary battery 34 is composed of, for example, a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the control unit 35A controls the fuel pump 42 based on the generated current (detected current) I1 detected by the current detector 31 and the generated voltage (detected voltage) V1 (input voltage Vin) detected by the voltage detector 32. The amount of liquid fuel supplied by is adjusted. Further, the control unit 35A controls the boosting operation of the booster circuit 33A using a predetermined control table to be described later, whereby the output voltage supplied from the booster circuit 33A to the load (the secondary battery 34 and the load 6). Control is performed on Vout (load voltage) and output current Iout (load current).
- a control unit 35A is configured by, for example, a microcomputer. Details of the control operation of the output voltage Vout and the output current Iout by the control unit 35A will be described later.
- the fuel pump 42 is, for example, a flow as a pipe connecting a piezoelectric body (not shown), a piezoelectric support resin portion (not shown) for supporting the piezoelectric body, and the fuel tank 40 to the nozzle 43. And a road (not shown).
- the fuel pump 42 adjusts the fuel supply amount in accordance with the change in the fuel supply amount per operation or the fuel supply cycle ⁇ t. Can be done.
- the fuel pump 42 corresponds to a specific example of “fuel supply unit” in the present invention.
- FIG. 27 shows detailed circuit configurations of the booster circuit 33A and the voltage divider circuit 37.
- the step-up circuit 33A includes a DC / DC converter including an inductor 33L, a capacitor 33C, and two switching elements Tr1 and Tr2, a reference power supply (reference power supply) 331, an error amplifier 332, an oscillation circuit 333, and a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). ; Pulse width modulation) signal generation unit 334.
- a DC / DC converter including an inductor 33L, a capacitor 33C, and two switching elements Tr1 and Tr2, a reference power supply (reference power supply) 331, an error amplifier 332, an oscillation circuit 333, and a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). ; Pulse width modulation) signal generation unit 334.
- the DC / DC converter is a voltage conversion unit that boosts the power generation voltage V1 (DC input voltage Vin) of the power generation unit 10 to generate a DC output voltage Vout.
- the inductor 33L is disposed on the connection line L1H.
- the switching element Tr1 is disposed between the connection line L1H and the connection line L1L.
- the switching element Tr2 is inserted and arranged on the connection line L1H and the output line LO.
- the capacitor 33C is disposed between the output line LO and the ground line LG.
- each of the switching elements Tr1 and Tr2 is configured by, for example, an N-channel MOS-FET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor-Field Effect Transistor).
- Control signals (PWM signals) S1 and S2 output from a PWM signal generation unit 334, which will be described later, are supplied to the gate terminals of the switching elements Tr1 and T2, and the respective switching operations are controlled. Yes.
- the reference power supply (reference power supply) 331 is a power supply that supplies the reference voltage (reference voltage) Vref of the error amplifier 332.
- the error amplifier 332 compares the potential difference between the divided voltage VFB supplied from the voltage dividing circuit 37 and the reference voltage Vref supplied from the reference power supply 331, and compares the result (“H (high)” or “L (low)” signal) is output to the PWM signal generator 334.
- the oscillation circuit 333 generates a pulse signal used when the PWM signal generation unit 334 generates a PWM signal, and supplies the pulse signal to the PWM signal generation unit 334.
- the PWM signal generation unit 334 generates control signals S1 and S2 of the switching elements Tr1 and Tr2 made of PWM signals based on the comparison result in the error amplifier 332 and the pulse signal supplied from the oscillation circuit 333. .
- the pulse width has a period during that period.
- a PWM signal (control signal S1) is generated.
- the pulse width of the control signal S1 becomes smaller as the potential of the divided voltage VFB becomes larger.
- the pulse width of the control signal S1 becomes larger.
- the fuel cell system 5A of the present embodiment can be manufactured as follows, for example.
- the fuel cell 1 is formed in the same manner as the method described in the first embodiment. Then, the current detector 31, voltage detector 32, booster circuit 33A, voltage divider circuit 37, secondary battery 34, and controller 35A described above are electrically connected to the fuel cell 1 as shown in FIG. Connect and install. Thus, the fuel cell system 5A shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 is completed.
- the fuel cell 1 as a whole undergoes the reaction shown in the equation (7) as in the first embodiment, and generates power.
- the generated voltage (DC voltage) V1 (input voltage Vin) based on the generated current I1 is boosted (voltage converted) by the booster circuit 33A to become a DC voltage (output voltage) Vout.
- the output voltage Vout (load voltage) and the output current Iout (load current) from the booster circuit 33A are supplied to the secondary battery 34 or a load (for example, an electronic device main body).
- the secondary battery 34 When the output voltage Vout and the output current Iout are supplied to the secondary battery 34, the secondary battery 34 is charged based on these voltages and currents, while being supplied to the load 6 via the output terminals T2 and T3. When the output voltage Vout and the output current Iout are supplied, the load 6 is driven and a predetermined operation is performed.
- the fuel supply amount or fuel supply period ⁇ t per operation is controlled by the control unit 35A, and the fuel supply amount is adjusted accordingly.
- FIGS. 29A to 29C show the boosting operation of the booster circuit 33A using circuit state diagrams.
- the above-described DC / DC converter portion in the booster circuit 33A is extracted and shown. Yes.
- the input voltage Vin is illustrated as a power source for convenience, and a load connected to the output side is illustrated as a load resistance RL for convenience.
- the switching elements Tr1 and T2 are illustrated in the form of switches for convenience.
- the current Ia having the current path shown in the drawing is supplied to the inductor 33L. Flows. At this time, the switching element Tr1 is in an off state and the switching element Tr2 is in an on state.
- FIG. 29B and FIG. 29C are repeated to generate an output voltage Vout that is higher than the input voltage Vin (a boost operation is performed), and the load resistance R L is reached. Will be supplied.
- the divided voltage VFB of the output voltage Vout as shown in FIG. 28A is fed back to the booster circuit 33A by the voltage divider circuit 37, for example.
- the PWM signal generation unit 334 based on the comparison result in the error amplifier 332 and the pulse signal supplied from the oscillation circuit 333, for example, as shown in FIG. Control signals S1 and S2 for Tr2 are generated.
- the pulse width of the control signal S1 in response to the potential of the divided voltage V FB becomes greater becomes smaller, depending on the potential of the opposite to the divided voltage V FB becomes smaller control
- the pulse width of the signal S1 becomes larger.
- the pulse width of the control signal S1 is increased and the output voltage Vout is increased.
- the pulse width of the control signal S1 is decreased and the output voltage Vout is increased. It becomes operation to lower.
- the divided voltage VFB is controlled to be equal to the reference voltage Vref, whereby the output voltage Vout (load voltage) is controlled to be constant (constant voltage operation).
- the voltage corresponding to the generated current (input current) I1 is fed back to the booster circuit 33A, so that the output current Iout (load current) is constant. Operation control (constant current operation) is also possible.
- the control unit 35A uses, for example, a control table as shown in FIGS. 34 (A) to (C).
- the boosting operation of the boosting circuit 33A is controlled.
- the set value of the reference voltage Vref becomes larger as the set value of the output voltage Vout (FC voltage, load voltage) increases.
- the operation of the booster circuit 33A is controlled so as to increase. Thereby, a constant voltage operation or a constant current operation according to the set value of the FC voltage becomes possible.
- the output current Iout (FC current, load current) decreases as the set value of the fuel conversion efficiency in the power generation unit 10 increases.
- the operation of the booster circuit 33A is controlled. This makes it possible to optimize the fuel supply amount and the fuel conversion efficiency when performing constant voltage operation.
- the generated voltage V1 (input voltage Vin) supplied from the power generation unit 10 is boosted by the booster circuit 33A, and the load (secondary battery 34 and load) is output as the output voltage Vout (load voltage). To 6).
- the output voltage Vout (load voltage) and the output current Iout (load current) supplied from the booster circuit 33A to the load are controlled. Is done.
- the output power (FC power) is increased even if the fuel supply amount (cc / h) per unit time is increased, as indicated by reference numeral P11 in the figure. ) Does not increase with increasing fuel, but is almost constant.
- the output power (FC power) is increased by increasing the fuel supply amount (cc / h) per unit time as shown by the arrow P12 in the figure. ) Can be increased.
- the FC voltage width (voltage region) ⁇ V1 in which the maximum power can be obtained also has a certain size.
- the voltage value width ⁇ V2 at which the fuel conversion efficiency becomes the highest value is wide.
- the FC power can also be changed according to the fuel supply amount per unit time. Therefore, by generating power with the FC voltage set to a constant value, the FC power and the fuel supply amount can be reduced. Simultaneously with the power generation in a state where the proportional relationship is established, it is possible to generate power with a high fuel conversion efficiency.
- the fuel is particularly important.
- the power generation state of the battery 1 can be improved.
- the power generation voltage V1 (input voltage Vin) supplied from the power generation unit 10 is boosted by the booster circuit 33A, and the control unit 35A uses the predetermined control table to boost the circuit 33A.
- the output voltage Vout (load voltage) and output current Iout (load current) supplied from the booster circuit 33A to the load (secondary battery 34 and load 6) are controlled by controlling the operation of Even when the fuel supply of the vaporization supply type fuel cell 1 is intermittently supplied with fuel, efficient control over the output voltage Vout and the output current Iout is realized. Therefore, it is possible to perform more stable power generation than before in the vaporization supply type fuel cell.
- the power generation state of the fuel cell 1 is particularly changed. Can be good.
- the supply amount of the liquid fuel is determined based on the time integral value and the time differential value of the difference value between the target temperature Tsv (s) and the detected temperature Tpv (s).
- PID control proportionality with respect to
- the control is performed so that the temperature of the power generation unit 10 becomes constant by performing proportionality with respect to (PID control) is described, for example, P control, PI control, fuzzy control, H ⁇ control, etc. You may make it control so that the temperature of the electric power generation part 10 may become fixed using other feedback control. Specifically, the control is performed so that the temperature of the power generation unit 10 becomes constant by making the supply amount of the liquid fuel proportional to the difference value between the target temperature Tsv (s) and the detected temperature Tpv (s).
- P control is performed. Further, the supply amount of the liquid fuel is controlled to be proportional to the time integral value of the difference value between the target temperature Tsv (s) and the detected temperature Tpv (s) so that the temperature of the power generation unit 10 becomes constant. (PI control) may be performed. Further, the supply amount of the liquid fuel is proportional to the time differential value of the difference value between the target temperature Tsv (s) and the detected temperature Tpv (s), so that the temperature of the power generation unit 10 is controlled to be constant. (PD control) may be performed.
- the heat generation correction unit 352 uses the power generation voltage (detected voltage) V1 detected by the voltage detection unit 32 to convert the energy conversion efficiency ⁇ in the power generation unit 10.
- the energy conversion efficiency ⁇ in the power generation unit 10 may be calculated using a predetermined voltage (set voltage) set in advance instead of the power generation voltage V1.
- circuit configurations of the booster circuit 33A and the voltage divider circuit 37 are not limited to those described in the third embodiment, and may be circuit configurations using other methods.
- control table is not limited to the one described in the third embodiment (FIGS. 34A to 34C), and a table having another configuration may be used.
- the power generation unit 10 includes six unit cells electrically connected in series to each other has been described, but the number of unit cells is not limited thereto.
- the power generation unit 10 may be configured with one unit cell, or may be configured with two or more arbitrary unit cells.
- the supply of air to the oxygen electrode 13 is natural ventilation, but it may be forcibly supplied using a pump or the like. In that case, oxygen or a gas containing oxygen may be supplied instead of air.
- the fuel cell system of the present invention can be suitably used for portable electronic devices such as a mobile phone, an electrophotographic machine, an electronic notebook, or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).
- portable electronic devices such as a mobile phone, an electrophotographic machine, an electronic notebook, or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る燃料電池システム(燃料電池システム5)の全体構成を表すものである。燃料電池システム5は、負荷6を駆動するための電力を出力端子T2,T3を介して供給するものである。この燃料供給システム5は、燃料電池1と、温度検出部30と、電流検出部31と、電圧検出部32と、昇圧回路33と、二次電池34と、制御部35とから構成されている。
H(s)=KPΔT(s)+TI∫ΔT(s)ds+TD{dΔT(s)/ds}…(1)
ΔT(s)=Tsv(s)-Tpv(s) …(2)ここで、
H(s) :所望発熱量
KP,TI,TD:PID定数
Tsv(s) :目標温度
ΔT(s) :温度の差分
s :時間
P(s)(=PPID(s))=H(s)×(1-η) ……(3)
η={(VOIO)/(VTIT)}=(VO/VT)×E ……(4)
IT:燃料供給量から見積もられる理論電流値
CH3OH+H2O→ CO2+6H++6e- ……(5)
6H++(3/2)O2+6e-→ 3H2O ……(6)
CH3OH+(3/2)O2→ CO2+2H2O ……(7)
次に、本発明の第2の実施の形態について説明する。本実施の形態の燃料電池システムは、図1に示した第1の実施の形態の燃料電池システム5において、制御部35の代わりに、後述する制御部36を設けるようにしたものである。なお、第1の実施の形態における構成要素と同一のものには同一の符号を付し、適宜説明を省略する。
PE(s)=Kcell×Esv×Ipv(s) ……(8)
(Kcell:比例定数、Esv:利用率の設定値、Ipv(s):現在の発電電流値)
なお、第2の実施の形態の燃料供給制御(PID制御と利用率制御との組み合わせ)では、利用率Eの下限値の設定が不適切である場合、十分な発電出力が得られなかったり、逆に無駄に燃料を消費してしまう可能性がある。なお、利用率Eの下限値の設定が不適切である場合とは、具体的には、利用率Eの下限値の設定が外部環境等に適合しなかった場合や、燃料供給系の不具合などに起因して、燃料ポンプ42の一動作当りの燃料供給量が変動してしまった場合などが挙げられる。そこで、燃料の利用率Eの設定値(ここでは、下限値)を、制御部36において、環境に応じて定期的に(ダイナミックに)更新するようにするのが好ましい。具体的には、例えば10分ごとに燃料を完全消費させると共に、過去10分間における燃料の利用率Eの実力値を、その都度計算するようにする。そして、その計算された利用率Eが、次の10分間においても維持されるよう、利用率Eの下限値を自動更新するようにする。
図24は、本発明の第3の実施の形態に係る燃料電池システム(燃料電池システム5A)の全体構成を表すものである。燃料電池システム5Aは、負荷6を駆動するための電力を出力端子T2,T3を介して供給するものである。この燃料電池システム5Aは、燃料電池1と、電流検出部31と、電圧検出部32と、昇圧回路33Aと、分圧回路37と、二次電池34と、制御部35Aとから構成されている。なお、第1,第2の実施の形態における構成要素と同一のものには同一の符号を付し、適宜説明を省略する。
Vout=Vin+VL ……(9)
Claims (20)
- 燃料および酸化剤ガスの供給により発電を行う発電部と、
前記発電部側へ液体燃料を供給すると共に、この液体燃料の供給量が調節可能となっている燃料供給部と、
前記燃料供給部により供給された液体燃料を気化させることによって、気体燃料を前記発電部へ供給する燃料気化部と、
前記発電部の温度を検出する温度検出部と、
前記温度検出部により検出された発電部の温度に基づいて、前記燃料供給部による液体燃料の供給量を調整することにより、前記発電部の温度が一定となるように制御する制御部と
を備えた燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記発電部の発電電圧または所定の設定電圧に基づいて、前記発電部におけるエネルギー変換効率を近似的に算出すると共に、算出したこのエネルギー変換効率を用いて、前記液体燃料の供給量を補正する
請求項1に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記発電部の発電電圧または所定の設定電圧に加え、前記発電部の発電電流をも考慮して、前記発電部におけるエネルギー変換効率を算出する
請求項2に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記発電部の発電電流を検出する電流検出部を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記電流検出部により検出された発電電流に基づいて、前記発電部における燃料の利用率を算出すると共に、算出したこの燃料の利用率が一定となるように、前記液体燃料の供給量を算出し、
前記発電部の温度に基づいて算出された第1の燃料供給量と、前記燃料の利用率に基づいて算出された第2の燃料供給量とを考慮して、最終的な液体燃料の供給量を決定する
請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記第1および第2の燃料供給量のうちの一方を選択することにより、前記最終的な液体燃料の供給量を決定する
請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記第1および第2の燃料供給量のうち、供給量値の小さいほうを選択することにより、前記最終的な液体燃料の供給量を決定する
請求項5に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記燃料の利用率の設定値を、定期的に更新する
請求項4に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記液体燃料の供給量を、設定温度と検出された発電部の温度との差分の時間積分値および時間微分値に対して比例させることにより、前記発電部の温度が一定となるように制御を行う
請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記液体燃料の供給量を、設定温度と検出された発電部の温度との差分値に対して比例させることにより、前記発電部の温度が一定となるように制御を行う
請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記液体燃料の供給量を、設定温度と検出された発電部の温度との差分の時間積分値に対して比例させることにより、前記発電部の温度が一定となるように制御を行う
請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記液体燃料の供給量を、設定温度と検出された発電部の温度との差分の時間微分値に対して比例させることにより、前記発電部の温度が一定となるように制御を行う
請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 燃料電池システムを備え、
前記燃料電池システムは、
燃料および酸化剤ガスの供給により発電を行う発電部と、
前記発電部側へ液体燃料を供給すると共に、この液体燃料の供給量が調節可能となっている燃料供給部と、
前記燃料供給部により供給された液体燃料を気化させることによって、気体燃料を前記発電部へ供給する燃料気化部と、
前記発電部の温度を検出する温度検出部と、
前記温度検出部により検出された発電部の温度に基づいて、前記燃料供給部による液体燃料の供給量を調整することにより、前記発電部の温度が一定となるように制御する制御部とを有する
電子機器。 - 燃料および酸化剤ガスの供給により発電を行う発電部と、
前記発電部側へ液体燃料を供給すると共に、この液体燃料の供給量を調節可能な燃料供給部と、
前記燃料供給部により供給された液体燃料を気化させることによって、気体燃料を前記発電部へ供給する燃料気化部と、
前記発電部から供給される発電電圧を昇圧する昇圧回路と、
所定の制御用テーブルを用いて前記昇圧回路の動作を制御することにより、この昇圧回路から負荷へ供給される負荷電圧および負荷電流に対する制御を行う制御部と
を備えた燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記負荷電圧が一定となるように、前記昇圧回路の動作制御を行う
請求項13に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記昇圧回路は、前記負荷電圧に基づく電圧と所定の基準電圧との電位比較結果に応じて昇圧動作を行うものであり、
前記制御部は、前記負荷電圧の設定値が大きくなるのに応じて前記基準電圧の設定値が大きくなるように、前記昇圧回路の動作制御を行う
請求項14に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記制御用テーブルを用いて、前記発電部における燃料変換効率の設定値が大きくなるのに応じて前記負荷電流が小さくなるように、前記昇圧回路の動作制御を行う
請求項14に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記負荷電流が一定となるように、前記昇圧回路の動作制御を行う
請求項13に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記制御部は、前記燃料供給部による液体燃料の供給量が一定である場合に、前記制御用テーブルを用いて、前記負荷の大きさに応じて前記負荷電圧および負荷電流の大きさの調整を行う
請求項13ないし請求項17のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 前記昇圧回路が、DC/DCコンバータを含んで構成されている
請求項13に記載の燃料電池システム。 - 燃料電池システムを備え、
前記燃料電池システムは、
燃料および酸化剤ガスの供給により発電を行う発電部と、
前記発電部側へ液体燃料を供給すると共に、この液体燃料の供給量を調節可能な燃料供給部と、
前記燃料供給部により供給された液体燃料を気化させることによって、気体燃料を前記発電部へ供給する燃料気化部と、
前記発電部から供給される発電電圧を昇圧する昇圧回路と、
所定の制御用テーブルを用いて前記昇圧回路の動作を制御することにより、この昇圧回路から負荷へ供給される負荷電圧および負荷電流に対する制御を行う制御部と
を有する電子機器。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2011106110/07A RU2477909C2 (ru) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-07-29 | Система топливного элемента и электронное устройство |
BRPI0917951A BRPI0917951A2 (pt) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-07-29 | sistema de célula de combustível, e, dispositivo eletrônico. |
US13/058,770 US8846257B2 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-07-29 | Fuel cell system and electronic device |
CN200980131258.2A CN102119460B (zh) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-07-29 | 燃料电池系统和电子装置 |
EP09808167.2A EP2323208A4 (en) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-07-29 | FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008209873A JP5344218B2 (ja) | 2008-08-18 | 2008-08-18 | 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 |
JP2008-209873 | 2008-08-18 | ||
JP2008-233116 | 2008-09-11 | ||
JP2008233116A JP5344219B2 (ja) | 2008-09-11 | 2008-09-11 | 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010021231A1 true WO2010021231A1 (ja) | 2010-02-25 |
Family
ID=41707109
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2009/063463 WO2010021231A1 (ja) | 2008-08-18 | 2009-07-29 | 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8846257B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2323208A4 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20110041508A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN102119460B (ja) |
BR (1) | BRPI0917951A2 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2477909C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2010021231A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011024386A1 (ja) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-03 | 株式会社 東芝 | 燃料電池 |
WO2011052204A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-05-05 | 株式会社 東芝 | 燃料電池 |
US20110244351A1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | Jung-Kurn Park | Operating method of fuel cell system |
CN102263400A (zh) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-11-30 | 索尼公司 | 蓄电池保护电路和混合电源设备 |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK2668690T3 (da) * | 2011-01-28 | 2019-07-08 | Ird Fuel Cells As | Fremgangsmåde og system til stabil direkte methanol-brændselscelledrift ved varierende belastninger og minustemperaturer |
CN103413955B (zh) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-04-01 | 东南大学 | 一种防止固体氧化物燃料电池燃料利用率超限的控制方法 |
CN106898797B (zh) * | 2015-12-21 | 2020-07-14 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种直接甲醇燃料电池电堆进料控制方法 |
CN108615917B (zh) * | 2018-04-11 | 2020-08-18 | 华中科技大学 | 一种固体氧化物燃料电池系统的故障检测系统及方法 |
CN110545601A (zh) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-12-06 | 山东建筑大学 | 一种采用燃料电池作为电源的路灯 |
JP7363674B2 (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2023-10-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
Citations (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61151970A (ja) * | 1984-12-25 | 1986-07-10 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | 液体燃料電池の燃料供給装置 |
JPS63168971A (ja) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池の燃料補給方法 |
JP2000106201A (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-11 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2004071260A (ja) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-03-04 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池装置 |
JP2004152741A (ja) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-05-27 | Toshiba Corp | 直接型メタノール燃料電池システム、燃料カートリッジ及び燃料カートリッジ用メモリ |
JP2004171813A (ja) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-06-17 | Nec Corp | 燃料電池システム、燃料電池を用いた携帯型電気機器、および燃料電池の運転方法 |
WO2005112172A1 (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | 燃料電池 |
JP2005327583A (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-24 | Sony Corp | 電気化学エネルギー生成装置及びこの装置の駆動方法 |
JP2005340174A (ja) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-12-08 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
WO2006025321A1 (ja) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-09 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
JP2006286321A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 燃料電池システムならびにそのような燃料電池システムを備える電子機器および画像形成装置 |
JP2006286408A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池の最大電力点電圧特定方法および燃料電池制御システムならびに燃料電池制御システムに使用される電力制御装置 |
JP2007087736A (ja) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-04-05 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池発電装置の運転方法 |
JP2007165148A (ja) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-06-28 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
JP2007227336A (ja) * | 2006-02-23 | 2007-09-06 | Inst Nuclear Energy Research Rocaec | 燃料電池の燃料供給制御方法 |
JP2008066275A (ja) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-03-21 | Sony Corp | 燃料電池、電子機器および燃料供給方法 |
JP2008078068A (ja) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-04-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム、電子機器及び画像形成装置 |
JP2008146950A (ja) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-26 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム、電子機器及び画像形成装置 |
JP2008210566A (ja) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-09-11 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2009016311A (ja) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-22 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2009054546A (ja) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-12 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池装置の駆動方法 |
JP2009134885A (ja) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-18 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
JP2009176483A (ja) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-08-06 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP2009245641A (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-22 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池システム |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6329089B1 (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2001-12-11 | Ballard Power Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for increasing the temperature of a fuel cell |
US6447941B1 (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2002-09-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Fuel cell |
JP3480451B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-22 | 2003-12-22 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
RU2206939C1 (ru) * | 2002-04-12 | 2003-06-20 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Индепендент Пауэр Технолоджис" | Электрохимический генератор на основе метанольных топливных элементов |
US6590370B1 (en) | 2002-10-01 | 2003-07-08 | Mti Microfuel Cells Inc. | Switching DC-DC power converter and battery charger for use with direct oxidation fuel cell power source |
DE602005022699D1 (de) * | 2004-04-07 | 2010-09-16 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Brennstoffzellensystem und steuerverfahren dafür |
JPWO2008020562A1 (ja) * | 2006-08-17 | 2010-01-07 | 株式会社東芝 | 電子機器 |
JP4395621B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-13 | 2010-01-13 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | 電子機器 |
-
2009
- 2009-07-29 RU RU2011106110/07A patent/RU2477909C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-07-29 KR KR1020117003024A patent/KR20110041508A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-07-29 EP EP09808167.2A patent/EP2323208A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-07-29 WO PCT/JP2009/063463 patent/WO2010021231A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2009-07-29 CN CN200980131258.2A patent/CN102119460B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-29 US US13/058,770 patent/US8846257B2/en active Active
- 2009-07-29 BR BRPI0917951A patent/BRPI0917951A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS61151970A (ja) * | 1984-12-25 | 1986-07-10 | Shin Kobe Electric Mach Co Ltd | 液体燃料電池の燃料供給装置 |
JPS63168971A (ja) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-07-12 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池の燃料補給方法 |
JP2000106201A (ja) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-11 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2004152741A (ja) * | 2002-06-12 | 2004-05-27 | Toshiba Corp | 直接型メタノール燃料電池システム、燃料カートリッジ及び燃料カートリッジ用メモリ |
JP2004071260A (ja) * | 2002-08-02 | 2004-03-04 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池装置 |
JP2004171813A (ja) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-06-17 | Nec Corp | 燃料電池システム、燃料電池を用いた携帯型電気機器、および燃料電池の運転方法 |
JP2005340174A (ja) * | 2004-04-07 | 2005-12-08 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
WO2005112172A1 (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | 燃料電池 |
JP2005327583A (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-24 | Sony Corp | 電気化学エネルギー生成装置及びこの装置の駆動方法 |
WO2006025321A1 (ja) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-09 | Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha | 燃料電池システムおよびその制御方法 |
JP2006286321A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 燃料電池システムならびにそのような燃料電池システムを備える電子機器および画像形成装置 |
JP2006286408A (ja) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-19 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池の最大電力点電圧特定方法および燃料電池制御システムならびに燃料電池制御システムに使用される電力制御装置 |
JP2007087736A (ja) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-04-05 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 燃料電池発電装置の運転方法 |
JP2007165148A (ja) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-06-28 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
JP2007227336A (ja) * | 2006-02-23 | 2007-09-06 | Inst Nuclear Energy Research Rocaec | 燃料電池の燃料供給制御方法 |
JP2008066275A (ja) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-03-21 | Sony Corp | 燃料電池、電子機器および燃料供給方法 |
JP2008078068A (ja) * | 2006-09-25 | 2008-04-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム、電子機器及び画像形成装置 |
JP2008146950A (ja) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-26 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム、電子機器及び画像形成装置 |
JP2008210566A (ja) * | 2007-02-23 | 2008-09-11 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2009016311A (ja) * | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-22 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
JP2009054546A (ja) * | 2007-08-29 | 2009-03-12 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池装置の駆動方法 |
JP2009134885A (ja) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-06-18 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム及びその制御方法 |
JP2009176483A (ja) * | 2008-01-22 | 2009-08-06 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池システム |
JP2009245641A (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-22 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池システム |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2323208A4 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2011024386A1 (ja) * | 2009-08-31 | 2011-03-03 | 株式会社 東芝 | 燃料電池 |
WO2011052204A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-05-05 | 株式会社 東芝 | 燃料電池 |
JP2011096459A (ja) * | 2009-10-28 | 2011-05-12 | Toshiba Corp | 燃料電池 |
US9088022B2 (en) | 2009-10-28 | 2015-07-21 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell |
US20110244351A1 (en) * | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | Jung-Kurn Park | Operating method of fuel cell system |
CN102263400A (zh) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-11-30 | 索尼公司 | 蓄电池保护电路和混合电源设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0917951A2 (pt) | 2015-11-10 |
RU2011106110A (ru) | 2012-08-27 |
US8846257B2 (en) | 2014-09-30 |
CN102119460B (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
KR20110041508A (ko) | 2011-04-21 |
RU2477909C2 (ru) | 2013-03-20 |
EP2323208A1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
US20110140547A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
CN102119460A (zh) | 2011-07-06 |
EP2323208A4 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2010021231A1 (ja) | 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 | |
WO2004093212A2 (en) | Dual power source switching control | |
JP5439584B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム、及びその制御方法 | |
JP5340484B2 (ja) | 燃料電池の劣化判定方法 | |
KR100844785B1 (ko) | 펌프 구동 모듈 및 이를 구비한 연료전지 시스템 | |
CN101438443B (zh) | 充电装置 | |
US20100181867A1 (en) | Piezoelectric vibration device system and electronics apparatus | |
JP5344223B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 | |
JP2007265840A (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP5344219B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 | |
JP5344218B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 | |
US20110136031A1 (en) | Fuel cell system and electronic device | |
JP5228697B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システムおよび電子機器 | |
WO2010013709A1 (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び電子機器 | |
JP5154175B2 (ja) | 給電装置 | |
JP5496749B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
US20090081503A1 (en) | Fuel cell system and driving method thereof | |
JP5710863B2 (ja) | 燃料電池システム | |
JP2005184970A (ja) | 発電システム | |
JP2010033904A (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び電子機器 | |
JP2010170732A (ja) | 燃料電池システム及び電子機器 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200980131258.2 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09808167 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20117003024 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13058770 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 1031/DELNP/2011 Country of ref document: IN |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2009808167 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2009808167 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011106110 Country of ref document: RU |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: PI0917951 Country of ref document: BR Kind code of ref document: A2 Effective date: 20110211 |