WO2010012726A1 - Procède de confinement de déchets par vitrification en pots métalliques - Google Patents
Procède de confinement de déchets par vitrification en pots métalliques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010012726A1 WO2010012726A1 PCT/EP2009/059735 EP2009059735W WO2010012726A1 WO 2010012726 A1 WO2010012726 A1 WO 2010012726A1 EP 2009059735 W EP2009059735 W EP 2009059735W WO 2010012726 A1 WO2010012726 A1 WO 2010012726A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- waste
- oxidizing agent
- vitrification
- metal pot
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 59
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002901 radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 12
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical group [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate group Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])[O-] NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910018071 Li 2 O 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017493 Nd 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007527 glass casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005816 glass manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/005—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture of glass-forming waste materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/20—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste
- B09B3/25—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix
- B09B3/29—Agglomeration, binding or encapsulation of solid waste using mineral binders or matrix involving a melting or softening step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/06—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in pot furnaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of confining waste by vitrification in a metal pot. More specifically, the process of the invention is an improvement to vitrification waste containment processes which use a hot metal pot as a production crucible.
- the technical field of the invention can thus be defined, in general, as that of the treatment of waste, effluents, by confinement, coating or immobilization.
- the technical field of the invention is that of the containment of waste by vitrification and more specifically by vitrification in a hot metal pot.
- This waste can be solid or liquid wastes in the form of solutions. It may be nuclear waste, but also any industrial or household waste which contains mineral species, in particular polluting metals and / or polluting metal ions.
- wastes for example, solid residues from the incineration of household waste, in particular residues consisting of boiler ashes, "fly" ash, and filter cakes from the neutralization and treatment of incineration fumes.
- the waste and vitrification additives are introduced into a metal pot heated to a high temperature so that decomposition reactions of the waste and incorporation of the minerals of the waste such as the elements occur. chemically toxic or radioactive species, in a vitreous network.
- the metal pot is filled with molten glass
- the glass is poured into a container in which it is cooled, and the process is referred to as a "hot crucible” process, ie the metal pot is taken out of the furnace to then be cooled and serve as a container for the final glass, and the process is then called “in can melting” process.
- a hot crucible process ie the metal pot is taken out of the furnace to then be cooled and serve as a container for the final glass, and the process is then called “in can melting” process.
- Containment glasses which are currently developed industrially, such as containment glasses for nuclear waste or incineration residues from household waste, are the result of formulation studies that optimize their composition or even their temperature of preparation in the as the latter is not already fixed by constraints related to the process or the composition of the glasses.
- composition and temperature optimizations are aimed at obtaining a glass formulation that makes it possible: to reduce the volume of the waste once confined, to be compatible with a development in industrial processes, in particular those currently available, to improve the confinement qualities of the final glass matrix (chemical durability, radiation resistance, leach resistance, etc.) for storage.
- current processes for vitrification of nuclear waste such as fission products generally comprise two steps: evaporation-calcination of the fission product solutions to obtain a calcinate, followed by vitrification of the formed calcine.
- the evaporation-calcination step can be carried out for example in a rotary tube heated by a resistance furnace. This process is known to those skilled in the art.
- a vitrification adjunct for example in the form of a glass frit
- the latter is a borosilicate glass, consisting mainly of about 80% of SiO 2 (silica), B2O 3 (boric anhydride), Al 2 O 3 (alumina) and Na 2 0 (sodium oxide).
- the role of the vitrification additive such as a glass frit, is only to provide the elements that make it possible to achieve after mixing with the waste to their confinement in a glass having the desired properties some of which have been listed above.
- foaming is generally meant the accumulation of bubbles on the surface of the molten glass bath.
- the foaming can go up to molten glass rising past the melt pot.
- vitrification processes of waste in hot metal pots are often observed for the formation of metal species or sulphides which are dispersed or sedimented in the glass and whose presence is very troublesome.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a process for the containment of waste by vitrification in a heated metal pot that meets these needs, among others.
- the object of the present invention is still to provide a process for the containment of waste by vitrification in a heated metal pot which does not have the drawbacks, defects, limitations and disadvantages of waste containment processes by vitrification in a metal pot heated by prior art especially in terms of volatilization, degassing and foaming, and which provides a solution to the problems of the processes of the prior art.
- the purpose of the present invention is more precisely, and in summary, to overcome problems specific to the use in metal pot "in can" which include corrosion and foaming related to the volatilization of species of the glass bath reduced by the melting pot.
- oxidizing agent in the metal pot and in that the concentration of oxidizing agent (s) expressed as oxide (s) in the glass iron is from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 4 to 20% by weight more preferably from 5 to 15% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 13% by weight of the weight of the glassmelt.
- the inventors have identified, which has never been realized so far, the origin of the problems of volatilization and foaming in a heated metal pot and have surprisingly provided a solution to these problems by introducing according to the invention, an oxidizing agent in the metal pot in addition to the waste and the vitrification aid.
- the inventors have demonstrated that the degassing and foaming phenomena in fact come from the reduction, under the action of the metal pot, of some of the species present in the molten glass bath, this reduction producing reduced forms which are volatile at the same time. working temperature of the process.
- the glass formulations are based on oxides and are often of the silicates or borosilicate type.
- the constitutive elements of the glasses of waste many are able to exist under different states of oxidation: Fe 3+ Z 2+ / 0 , Zn 2+ / Zn °, Cd 2 VCd, Cr 6 VCr 3 VCr 2 VCr 0 , S 6 V 4+ / 0 / "2 , Ni 2+ / 0 , Mn 3 V 2+ / 0 , Mo 6 V 5 V 4 V 3+ / 0 , CsVCs 0 ...
- the pot can act as a powerful reducer of the glass bath and the multivalent elements that On the contrary, the metallic elements of the metal pot oxidize and diffuse into the glass.
- the reduction phenomena are variable as a function of the residence time at high temperature, the temperatures involved, the composition of the glass and the nature of the metals used for the metal pots, so the inventors have observed that pressures they are very low oxygen, of the order It is possible to obtain an atmosphere of 10 minutes in glasses of oxides after a few hours of operation at the temperature of the process (1100 ° C.). Under these conditions, many elements having several valence states can be reduced, and give volatile species.
- the degassing and the foaming are the consequence of the volatilization of certain species of the molten glass bath whose reduced form is volatile at the working temperature of the process, for example close to 1100 ° C.
- This is the case for example cadmium or zinc whose boiling temperatures of metal forms are respectively 767 ° C and 907 0 C, and other species such as cesium.
- the introduction into the heated metal pot of an oxidizing agent makes it possible to counteract quantitatively the reduction reactions of the elements, such as the multivalent elements of the glass, by the metal pot.
- the process according to the invention by introducing oxidizing agents into the heated metal pot, makes it possible, surprisingly: to completely avoid or limit the volatilization of volatile species in a reduced form; to completely avoid or limit the degassing and foaming phenomena related to the volatilization of these species.
- oxidizing agents into the pot also allows, in addition: to completely avoid or limit the formation of metal species or dispersed or sedimented sulfides in the final glass; to possibly limit the corrosion of the melting pot, by choosing a suitable oxidizing agent such as Fe2O3, this limitation of the corrosion of the melting pot going together with the limitation of the reduction of the glass bath by the metal pot; maintain the integrity of the metal pot; to use less expensive metal materials for fusion pots due to less corrosion caused by the bath; to produce glass elaborations over longer periods while avoiding a phenomenon of redhibitory reduction of glass melting, which makes it possible to envisage processes with long waiting phases, namely of a few minutes (for example 2, 3, 5, 10) at a few tens of hours (for example 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 hours) at high temperature (for example of the order of 1100 ° C.); to allow the containment of species such as Cd that was previously problematic.
- a suitable oxidizing agent such as Fe2O3
- Document FR-A-2 888 576 describes, of course, the reduction of the frothing phenomena in molten glasses for vitrifying fission products, by using as a vitrification additive a reducing frit but the process implemented in this document. is not specifically a vitrification process pot in the sense of the invention.
- the teachings of this document can absolutely not be transposed to vitrification in a heated metal pot.
- the foaming mentioned in this document has a fundamentally different origin from that revealed by the inventors for vitrification in a metal pot, namely the departure of oxygen in the form of bubbles, linked to a medium that is too oxidizing.
- this document does not specifically concern vitrification in a metal pot, nor the problems specific to this process in metal pot such as corrosion and foaming related to the volatilization of species of the glass bath reduced by the melt pot. He does not mention or suggest any solution to these problems.
- the oxidizing agent (s) may be chosen from multivalent oxidizing elements.
- the oxidizing agent (s) is (are) thus chosen from among the oxidizing multivalent species (at a high oxidation state) of iron, chromium, vanadium, antimony, titanium, arsenic, cerium, manganese, chromium, ruthenium, and mixtures thereof.
- the oxidizing agent (s) may be chosen from Fe 3+ , Ce 4+ , Mn 4+ , Sb 5+ , As 5+ , V 5+ 'Ru 4+ , and their mixtures.
- the oxidizing agent (s) such as the multivalent oxidizing species may (may) be in the form of their oxides, or precursors of these oxides.
- the at least one oxidizing agent is an agent which has a limiting effect on the corrosion of the metal pot, such as Fe2O3.
- concentration of oxidizing agent (s) expressed as oxide (s) in the glass cast iron may generally be from 0.1 to 20% by weight, preferably from 4 to 20% by weight, more preferably from 5 to 15% by weight. % by weight, better 10 to 13% by weight of the mass of the glass roof. This concentration depends in particular on the nature of the oxidizing agent.
- the concentration of oxidizing agent can thus be 0.1% to 1% by weight, respectively, for Cr 3+ , expressed as Cr 2 ⁇ 3; from 1 to 15% by weight for V 5+ , expressed as V 2 O 5 ; from 0.5 to 7 or 8% by weight for Sb 5+ , expressed as Sb 2 O 5 ; from 1 to 15% by weight for Ti 4+ , expressed as TiO 2 ; from 0.5 to 7 or 8% by weight for As 5+ , expressed as As 2 O 5 ; from 0.5 to 10% by weight for Ce 4+ , expressed as CeO 2 ; from 0.1 to 2% by weight for Mn 4+ , expressed as MnO 2 ; and 1 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15%, more preferably 3 to 13%, more preferably 4 or 5 to 13%, more preferably 10 to 13% by weight, and more preferably 12 to 13%.
- the at least one oxidizing agent may be introduced in the form of a powder preferably consisting of a mixture of oxide powders and / or the oxidizing agent may be introduced in the form of a glass including this element, agent oxidant, for example in the form of a glass frit, glass beads, or pieces of glass.
- the at least one oxidizing agent may be mixed with the waste prior to introduction into the metal pot.
- the oxidizing agent may be mixed or chemically incorporated into the vitrification aid prior to introduction into the metal pot.
- the oxidizing agent can be introduced directly into the metal pot, separately waste and vitrification adjunct.
- Two or more of said introduction modes for the oxidizing agent may be combined.
- the oxidizing agent may be introduced continuously into the metal pot, or the oxidizing agent may be introduced discontinuously into the pot.
- the metal pot may be an iron-based alloy such as a steel for example a stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy such as inconel.
- the vitrification aid may be in the form of a mixture of oxide powders or in the form of a glass, for example a glass frit, glass beads or pieces of glass.
- the vitrification adjuvant may comprise oxides selected from the following oxides SiO 2 (silica), B2O3 (boron oxide), Al2O3 (alumina), Na 2 O (sodium oxide), Fe 2 ⁇ 3, CaO, Li 2 O, ZnO, ZrO 2 , etc.
- the vitrification adjuvant may be a borosilicate glass or a silicate glass.
- the chemical element (s) to be contained may be selected from the following chemical elements: Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Ce, Cd, Cr, Cs, F, Fe, Gd, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn , Mo, Na, Ni, Nd, P, Pb, S, Sb, Tc,
- the waste treated by the process according to the invention can be solid or liquid.
- This waste can be in particular a solid or liquid nuclear waste.
- the nuclear waste may in particular be a radioactive liquid effluent such as a radioactive solution.
- the nuclear waste may be a calcine of a radioactive liquid effluent, especially of medium activity.
- the waste can also be waste resulting from the incineration of radioactive waste or household waste.
- the glass can be poured into a container and cooled in it, or the glass can be cooled in the metal pot where it was prepared.
- the single FIGURE is a diagrammatic view in vertical section of a device for implementing the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a pot, metal container (1) for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- This pot is generally in the form of a straight cylinder, vertical, of circular section open at its upper part and comprising a side wall (2) and a base (3).
- This pot generally has a diameter of 100 mm to 1000 mm and a height of 100 mm to 1100 mm and can have a volume of 1 to 250 L.
- This pot is a metal pot, which means that its wall and its base are generally made of a metal or a metal alloy such as an iron-based alloy, for example a stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy, such as only inconel.
- a metal or a metal alloy such as an iron-based alloy, for example a stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy, such as only inconel.
- This metal or alloy may, depending on the case, be coated.
- One of the advantages of the process according to the invention is that it makes it possible to use common metals and alloys which do not exhibit a particular resistance to corrosion and which are less expensive such as stainless steels, in particular steels of the grades 309, 310 or 314, whereas in the processes of the prior art without the addition of oxidizing agents in the glass cast iron it is generally necessary to use metals and alloys having a high resistance to corrosion such as wrought nickel-based alloys such as inconels, for example of the type 600 or 601 ..., and special steels such as oxidation-dispersed "ODS" steels. Of course, it is also possible to use according to the invention these metals and alloys having a high resistance to corrosion.
- the heating of the metal pot is generally carried out by placing the pot in a medium frequency induction furnace (4), for example an induction furnace with a generator of 200 kW of power operating at a frequency of 4 kHz.
- a medium frequency induction furnace for example an induction furnace with a generator of 200 kW of power operating at a frequency of 4 kHz.
- the glass inside the metal pot is then melted by conduction in contact with the metal wall.
- the pot can also be heated in an electric resistance furnace.
- the heating is carried out in fusion, that is to say that it must allow to form a melt or cast iron.
- the temperature of the melt must be high enough to cause the total melting of the vitrification aid and the oxidizing agent and to incorporate the waste to be contained. This temperature is a function of the vitrification adjuvant, the oxidizing agent and the waste to be contained.
- the heating of the sintered glass mixture, oxidizing agent and waste can generally be carried out at a temperature of 900 to 1300 ° C., for example at 1100 ° C. or 1200 ° C.
- the vitrification adjuvant is introduced into the metal pot via a pipe (5) connected to the upper part of the metal pot.
- This vitrification adjuvant (6) is generally chosen from mixtures of oxide powders, and preferably from glasses, but also from glass precursors such as carbonates, nitrates, oxides, borides, nitrides, carbides, metals, sulphates, sulphides, hydroxides, etc. and mixtures thereof.
- glass When glass is used, it can be in various forms: it can be for example glitter still called “glass frit”, beads, or even pieces of glass.
- the vitrification adjuvant for example the glass frit or its precursors, may be in a physicochemical form such as those commonly used to provide the confinement glass in one of the known waste containment processes by vitrification of the glass. prior art.
- composition depends of course on the objective sought in the implementation of the vitrification process of the invention, in particular the material, the species, elements to be confined.
- the vitrification adjuvant used such as a glass frit, can comprise, for example, the following oxides: SiO 2 (silica), B2O 3 (boric anhydride), Al 2 O 3 (alumina), Na 2 O (sodium oxide), Fe 2 O 3,
- the vitrification adjuvant may be in particular a borosilicate glass or a silicate glass.
- the vitrification adjuvant such as a glass frit is intended for containment of a material such as a waste comprising radionuclides and / or metalloids and / or metals
- the vitrification aid, such as a glass frit is preferably a silicate glass. It may be for example a glass for example in the form of a glass frit mainly comprising about 80% SiO 2 (silica), B2O 3 (boric anhydride), Al 2 O 3
- R7T7 As borosilicate glass may be mentioned glass called "R7T7" which is widely used for vitrification of fission products and whose composition is known.
- vitrification adjuvants known to those skilled in the art and adapted for the containment of specific waste can of course be used in the context of the present invention.
- the waste (7) containing the chemical element (s) to be confined is introduced into the metal pot (1).
- This waste is in the single figure introduced into the metal pot via the same pipe (5) but it could be introduced by a different, separate path.
- the introduction of waste and the introduction of the vitrification adjuvant can be simultaneous or successive.
- the element (s) to be contained is (are) not particularly limited and may be chosen from the following chemical elements Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Ce, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, F, Fe, Gd, Hg, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Nd, P, Pb, S, Sb, Tc, Te, Ti, V, Zn, Zr, actinides such as Pu, platinoids, isotopes, especially radioactive thereof, and mixtures thereof.
- the waste may be in solid or liquid form, for example in the form of a solution.
- This nuclear waste can for example be in the form of radioactive liquid effluents, in particular medium-activity radioactive liquid effluents, for example aqueous solutions.
- radioactive liquid effluents may be aqueous nitric effluents containing nitrates of metals or metalloids.
- the nuclear waste is a solid waste
- it may be in particular a calcine of a radioactive liquid effluent including medium activity.
- the calcination step is generally carried out in a rotary tube heated for example at 400 ° C. by an electric furnace.
- the solid calcine is milled by an idle bar placed inside the rotating tube heated to the desired temperature.
- a dilution adjuvant or calcination aid may be added.
- the waste treated by the process of the invention may also be waste resulting from the incineration of radioactive or household waste.
- At least one oxidizing agent in the metal pot is introduced further, that is to say in addition to waste and vitrification adjunct, at least one oxidizing agent in the metal pot.
- the oxidizing agent may be chosen from nitrates and sulphates associated with a cation which may itself have an oxidizing action or not.
- iron nitrate it is difficult to determine whether the oxidant is iron oxide from the decomposition of nitrate or iron nitrate itself.
- iron oxide By decomposing iron nitrate gives iron oxide and Nox and it appears that there is a synergistic effect between these two compounds which increases their respective effects including oxidizing and "dope" their benefits.
- Nitrates or sulphates when heated to a high temperature, oxidize the glass bath, the glass roof and allow it to counteract the reduction reactions of the multivalent elements of the glass roof by the metal pot.
- the oxidizing agent (s) is (are) chosen from multivalent oxidizing elements.
- this or these oxidizing agent (s) may be chosen from the multivalent oxidizing species of iron, chromium and vanadium. antimony, titanium, arsenic, cerium, manganese, chromium, ruthenium, and mixtures thereof.
- multivalent oxidizing species is generally meant a multivalent species of high degree of oxidation namely generally greater than or equal to 2, and up to 6, for example equal to 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.
- the multivalent oxide species has the highest degree of oxidation, for example in the Fe (III) / Fe (II) redox couple it is the species Fe (III) which will be put implemented in the process according to the invention.
- the oxidizing agent (s) is (are) chosen from Fe 3+ , Ce 4+ , Mn 4+ , V 5+ , Sb 5+ , As 5+ , Ru 4+ , and their mixtures.
- the oxidizing agent (s), such as the multivalent oxidizing species mentioned above, can be brought into a chemical form, for example in the form of oxides of these species or precursors of these oxides, such as nitrates or sulphates.
- the function nitrate or sulfate has an oxidizing role but it is difficult to determine whether the nitrate function has an oxidizing role greater or not the oxide function.
- the oxidizing agents in the form of oxides for example oxides of elements taken in a high oxidation state such as Fe 3+ , Ce 4+ , Mn 4+ , or V 5+ , because once they are introduced into the melting pot, these oxides or their precursors are incorporated into the glass and perform with it oxidation reactions which counteract the reactions reduction generated by the metal elements of the pot.
- the oxidants introduced in the form of nitrates or sulphates the oxidants introduced in the form of oxides do not cause degassing that must then be managed during the gas treatment.
- the oxidizing agent may also be chosen from oxidizing agents that do not enter into the composition of the final glass because they completely disappear at the melting temperature of the glassmelt, during the preparation of the glass or the confinement.
- the latter are, for example, nitric acid, etc.
- the oxidizing agent is an agent which has a limiting effect on the corrosion of the metal pot such as Fe2O3.
- the method according to the invention not only avoids the degassing and foaming phenomena but also prevents corrosion of the hot pot.
- the oxidizing agent may be introduced into the metal pot in any suitable form.
- the oxidizing agent particularly when it is an oxide, can be introduced under the form of a powder, for example a powder consisting of a mixture of oxides.
- the oxidizing agent may also be introduced in the form of a glass and especially a glass frit.
- the oxidizing agent may be mixed with the waste prior to introduction into the metal pot and / or the oxidizing agent may be mixed with the vitrification adjuvants prior to their introduction into the pot and / or the oxidizing agent may be introduced directly. in the metal pot, separately from waste and vitrification additives.
- the oxidizing agent if it is an oxide or a precursor of an oxide, can be incorporated chemically, prior to its introduction into the pot, in the vitrification adjuvant which is under the shape of a glass, especially in the form of a glass frit.
- the oxidizing agent (s) can be incorporated into this glass of the adjuvant to give it an oxidizing power.
- the oxidizing agent may be introduced continuously into the metal pot, or the oxidizing agent may be introduced discontinuously into the pot. The same is true of vitrification additives and waste. The introduction of the oxidizing agent, waste and vitrification adjuvants can be done in one go or in several times.
- the nature of the oxidizing agents, such as multivalent oxidizing elements, and their content are to be determined according to: the composition of the waste, the chemical species to be confined, the ability of the glass formulation to accept the incorporation of the oxidizing species the mode of addition, introduction of the vitrification additives (glass frit, powder mixture, etc.), the level of oxidation at which the molten glass is to be preserved, the magnitude of the reduction reactions that it is desired to counteract between the metal crucible and the glass bath, which itself depends on the nature of the metal pot, the residence time of the glass at high temperature in the metal pot, the temperature to which is carried the vitrified during its preparation, and the composition of the glass, its impact on the corrosion of the melting pot.
- the waste, the oxidizing agent, the vitrification adjuvant can be introduced into the metal pot in any order, successively; they can be introduced at the same point (for example via line 5) or at different points; and two or all of them may be introduced simultaneously into the reactor by the same or different routes.
- the process according to the invention may have an overall duration of, for example, 20 to 120 hours, with waiting phases or holding phases at elevated temperature, for example at 900 to 1200 ° C. for a period of time. a few minutes (for example 2, 5, 10 minutes) to a few tens of hours (for example 20, 30, 50, 100 hours).
- the process according to the invention may comprise from 2 to 5 feed phases lasting from 4 to 12 hours each followed by a standby phase, holding, at a high temperature, the glass casting, each of a duration of 10 to 14 hours.
- the method according to the invention is completely adaptable, completely variable in terms of its overall duration, as well as the nature, number, duration, conditions of the various phases.
- the glass cast iron can be poured into a container different from the metal pot and cooled in it, or the glass cast iron is cooled in the metal pot ("in can melting").
- the device shown in the single figure comprises a pipe (8) for discharging the gas from the metal pot and route to a gas treatment facility (not shown).
- the pot, metal container used in all the examples has a volume of about 50 liters. It is heated at 1100 ° C. by resistances.
- the metal pot is fed continuously during the feeding phases each of about
- the waste is in the form of a nitric aqueous solution containing the chemical species to be contained. These species are Li, S, Zr, F, Na (at 50% by weight of the solution), Cd (at 15% by weight of the solution), Fe, Ca, Cr, Al, Mg, Nd. and Zn (10% by weight of the solution).
- the waste solution is fed at a rate of about 5 L / h.
- vitrification additives which are intended to supply the oxides complementary to the waste oxides, to give the final glass composition, are given in the examples in the form of glass flakes called "glass frit" at a flow rate of order of 2.5 Kg / h.
- glass frit glass frit
- One of the peculiarities of the tests carried out in the examples which follow is the alternation between 12-hour continuous supply phases and 12-hour standby phases with temperature maintenance. These two phases are alternated until the pot is filled with about 110 Kg of glass.
- waste solution always has the same composition, as defined above, and the same flow rate.
- metal pots made with different types of steel and different vitrification adjuvants that is to say adjuvants for vitrification without the addition of adjuvants, are used.
- oxidant or with the addition of various oxidizing adjuvants of different natures are used.
- reduction of the glass is estimated by measuring the oxygen pressure in the molten glass at 1100 ° C. using an electrochemical system such as an oven.
- This example is an example not in accordance with the invention in which no addition of oxidizing adjuvants into the vitrification aid is carried out.
- the waste solution has the composition specified above;
- the pot is a 316L stainless steel pot.
- the vitrification adjuvant consists solely of the following oxides, in percentage by weight, without any addition of oxidizing adjuvant: SiO 2
- the measured oxygen pressure is 10 ⁇ 10 atmosphere.
- EXAMPLE 2 This example is an example according to the invention, in which an addition of oxidizing adjuvants is carried out in the vitrification adjuvant.
- the waste solution is the same as that of Example 1.
- the pot is a stainless steel pot 310 (NS30).
- Iron oxide is added to the frit to provide acceptable properties to the material for processing in the process.
- the vitrification additive contains 3% by weight Fe 2 O 3 as an oxidizing agent and a 3.6% by weight Fe 2 O 3 preparation is contemplated in the glass cast iron, since part of the Fe 2 O 3 originates from Fe 2 O 3. waste.
- the mass composition of the glass frit which constitutes the vitrification adjuvant is therefore the following: SiO 2 60%, B 2 O 3 19%; Li 2 O 2%; ZrO 2 2%; Na 2 O 7%; Fe 2 O 3 3%; CaO 2%; Al 2 O 3 3%; Nd 2 O 3 2%.
- the oxygen pressure is 10 ⁇ 9 ' 3 atmosphere.
- the glass is slightly more oxidized than in Example 1, which has the effect of limiting the phenomena of reduction of cadmium to the metallic state and therefore reducing the degassing phenomena compared with Example 1. Corrosion significant pot comparable to that of Example 1 is noted.
- This example is an example according to the invention, in which a contribution of oxidizing additives is made in the waste solution.
- the waste solution is the same as that of Examples 1 and 2.
- the pot and the glass frit constituting the vitrification adjunct are the same as those used in Example 2, except that 9% additional iron oxide III is additionally added to the glass solution. waste so that the final glass contains 12.6% by mass of Fe 2 O 3 iron oxide
- the oxygen pressure in the final glass is considerably increased compared to Examples 1 and 2 since it is 10 '3 ' 1 atmosphere. At this level of oxygen pressure, cadmium is completely oxidized and no longer causes degassing.
- the metal pot is slightly corroded.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09802505.9A EP2303786B1 (fr) | 2008-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | Procédé de confinement de déchets par vitrification en pots métalliques |
JP2011520471A JP5753782B2 (ja) | 2008-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | 金属缶中のガラス固化による廃棄物の閉じ込めプロセス |
US12/737,617 US10538448B2 (en) | 2008-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | Process for waste confinement by vitrification in metal cans |
CN200980134749.2A CN102164864B (zh) | 2008-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | 通过在金属罐内的玻璃化而封存废料的方法 |
RU2011107300/13A RU2523844C2 (ru) | 2008-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | Способ локализации отходов остекловыванием в металлических контейнерах |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0855168A FR2934183B1 (fr) | 2008-07-28 | 2008-07-28 | Procede de confinement de dechets par vitrification en pots metalliques. |
FR0855168 | 2008-07-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2010012726A1 true WO2010012726A1 (fr) | 2010-02-04 |
Family
ID=40404772
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2009/059735 WO2010012726A1 (fr) | 2008-07-28 | 2009-07-28 | Procède de confinement de déchets par vitrification en pots métalliques |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10538448B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2303786B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5753782B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101653421B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102164864B (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2934183B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2523844C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2010012726A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103641304A (zh) * | 2013-10-26 | 2014-03-19 | 溧阳市浙大产学研服务中心有限公司 | 包括CeO2的铍硅酸盐玻璃及处理放射性废液的方法 |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3002075B1 (fr) | 2013-02-14 | 2015-03-06 | Areva Nc | Panier en fibre de verre et procede d'incineration de dechets |
FR3002314A1 (fr) | 2013-02-18 | 2014-08-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Four a induction et procede de traitement des dechets metalliques a entreposer |
JP6077366B2 (ja) * | 2013-04-02 | 2017-02-08 | アルプス電気株式会社 | 廃棄物の処理方法 |
FR3009642B1 (fr) | 2013-08-08 | 2018-11-09 | Areva Nc | Procede et installation d'incineration, fusion et vitrification de dechets organiques et metalliques |
KR101510669B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-04 | 2015-04-10 | 한국수력원자력 주식회사 | 혼합 폐기물을 유리화하기 위한 유리조성물 및 이를 이용한 혼합 폐기물의 유리화 방법 |
CN104318971B (zh) * | 2014-10-11 | 2017-10-03 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种用于中低水平放射性玻璃纤维的玻璃基体组合物及由其制备的玻璃固化体 |
CN104386910B (zh) * | 2014-10-11 | 2016-11-16 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种用于中低水平放射性岩棉玻璃固化的基体组合物及由其制备的固化体 |
US9849438B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2017-12-26 | Dundee Sustainable Technologies Inc. | Method and composition for sequestration of arsenic |
DE102016207661B4 (de) * | 2016-05-03 | 2021-09-16 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Durchführung von chemischen Reaktionen in Glasschmelzen |
WO2018014106A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-21 | 2018-01-25 | Dundee Sustainable Technologies Inc. | Procédé de vitrification d'arsenic et d'antimoine |
US9981295B2 (en) | 2016-07-21 | 2018-05-29 | Dundee Sustainable Technologies Inc. | Method for vitrification of arsenic and antimony |
US11168014B2 (en) * | 2018-04-30 | 2021-11-09 | Dundee Sustainable Technologies Inc. | System and method of fabrication of arsenic glass |
CN109127672B (zh) * | 2018-09-21 | 2024-05-07 | 绍兴市上虞众联环保有限公司 | 废工业盐固化装置及其工艺 |
KR102255388B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-05-26 | 한국원자력연구원 | 방사성 핵종의 고형화 방법 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5421275A (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-06-06 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method and apparatus for reducing mixed waste |
FR2888576A1 (fr) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-01-19 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de confinement d'une matiere par vitrification |
Family Cites Families (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3365578A (en) * | 1962-08-10 | 1968-01-23 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Glass composition comprising radioactive waste oxide material contained within a steel vessel |
FR2487328A1 (fr) * | 1979-07-04 | 1982-01-29 | Santt Rene | Materiaux et procedes de retraitement des dechets radioactifs |
US4404129A (en) * | 1980-12-30 | 1983-09-13 | Penberthy Electromelt International, Inc. | Sequestering of radioactive waste |
DE3204204C2 (de) * | 1982-02-08 | 1986-05-07 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Verfahren zur Konditionierung radioaktiver Abfälle |
US4847008A (en) * | 1984-04-11 | 1989-07-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Energy | Lead iron phosphate glass as a containment medium for disposal of high-level nuclear waste |
US5120342A (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1992-06-09 | Glasstech, Inc. | High shear mixer and glass melting apparatus |
US5461185A (en) * | 1994-04-19 | 1995-10-24 | Forsberg; Charles W. | Radioactive waste material disposal |
CN1052036C (zh) * | 1994-05-21 | 2000-05-03 | 朴庸秀 | 有高耐腐蚀性的双相不锈钢 |
US5662579A (en) * | 1995-03-21 | 1997-09-02 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Vitrification of organics-containing wastes |
GB9515299D0 (en) * | 1995-07-26 | 1995-09-27 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Waste processing method & apparatus |
US5750824A (en) * | 1996-02-23 | 1998-05-12 | The Curators Of The University Of Missouri | Iron phosphate compositions for containment of hazardous metal waste |
JPH10167754A (ja) * | 1996-12-06 | 1998-06-23 | Toshiba Glass Co Ltd | 廃棄物固化用ガラス化材及び廃棄物固化ガラス |
RU2108633C1 (ru) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-04-10 | Московское государственное предприятие Объединенный эколого-технологический и научно-исследовательский центр по обезвреживанию РАО и охране окружающей среды | Способ переработки радиоактивных отходов |
JP4067601B2 (ja) * | 1997-07-28 | 2008-03-26 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 廃棄物処理体およびその製造方法並びにその製造装置 |
JP3965728B2 (ja) * | 1997-07-30 | 2007-08-29 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | 無アルカリガラス板の製造方法 |
RU2124770C1 (ru) * | 1997-10-27 | 1999-01-10 | Московское государственное предприятие - объединенный эколого-технологический и научно-исследовательский центр по обезвреживанию РАО и охране окружающей среды | Способ остекловывания радиоактивного зольного остатка |
JP3423605B2 (ja) * | 1997-12-12 | 2003-07-07 | 株式会社テラボンド | テルミット反応を利用した焼却灰の処理方法及び装置 |
US6145343A (en) * | 1998-05-02 | 2000-11-14 | Westinghouse Savannah River Company | Low melting high lithia glass compositions and methods |
JP3864203B2 (ja) * | 1998-05-18 | 2006-12-27 | 北海道電力株式会社 | 放射性廃棄物の固化処理方法 |
RU2152652C1 (ru) | 1998-11-12 | 2000-07-10 | Московское государственное предприятие - объединенный эколого-технологический и научно-исследовательский центр по обезвреживанию РАО и охране окружающей среды "Радон" | Способ остекловывания радиоактивной золы и устройство для его реализации |
US6295888B1 (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2001-10-02 | Shimano Inc. | Gear indicator for a bicycle |
JP2001027694A (ja) * | 1999-05-10 | 2001-01-30 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 放射性濃縮廃物質の固化体及び該固化体の製造方法 |
EP1303860B1 (fr) * | 2000-06-12 | 2008-03-26 | Geomatrix Solutions, Inc. | Procedes d'immobilisation de dechets radioactifs et dangereux |
JP2003294890A (ja) | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-15 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 放射性物質処理方法 |
FR2870758B1 (fr) * | 2004-05-26 | 2006-08-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede permettant la combustion et l'oxydation complete de la fraction minerale d'un dechet traite dans un appareil de combustion-vitrification directe |
JP2006056768A (ja) * | 2004-07-23 | 2006-03-02 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd | 屈折率分布型ロッドレンズ用クラッドガラス組成物、およびそれを用いた屈折率分布型ロッドレンズ母ガラスロッド、ならびに屈折率分布型ロッドレンズ、およびその製造方法 |
WO2006081440A1 (fr) * | 2005-01-28 | 2006-08-03 | Geosafe Corporation | Doublure d'isolation thermique pour la vitrification de l'interieur de recipient |
US20070105705A1 (en) * | 2005-11-07 | 2007-05-10 | Entec Co., Ltd. | Porous ceramic and method for manufacturing the same |
WO2008048362A2 (fr) * | 2006-03-20 | 2008-04-24 | Geomatrix Solutions, Inc. | Procédé et composition pour l'immobilisation de déchets fortement alcalins radioactifs et dangereux dans des verres à base de silicate |
US7871499B2 (en) * | 2007-10-29 | 2011-01-18 | Simeken, Inc. | Retort oven with adjustable floor |
-
2008
- 2008-07-28 FR FR0855168A patent/FR2934183B1/fr active Active
-
2009
- 2009-07-28 CN CN200980134749.2A patent/CN102164864B/zh active Active
- 2009-07-28 WO PCT/EP2009/059735 patent/WO2010012726A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2009-07-28 US US12/737,617 patent/US10538448B2/en active Active
- 2009-07-28 JP JP2011520471A patent/JP5753782B2/ja active Active
- 2009-07-28 EP EP09802505.9A patent/EP2303786B1/fr active Active
- 2009-07-28 KR KR1020117003820A patent/KR101653421B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2009-07-28 RU RU2011107300/13A patent/RU2523844C2/ru active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5421275A (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-06-06 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method and apparatus for reducing mixed waste |
FR2888576A1 (fr) * | 2005-07-15 | 2007-01-19 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de confinement d'une matiere par vitrification |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
DATABASE COMPENDEX [online] ENGINEERING INFORMATION, INC., NEW YORK, NY, US; 2006, WANG X-T ET AL: "Influence of atmospheres on behavior of heavy metals during melting process of fly ashes from municipal solid waste incinerator", XP002518566, Database accession no. E2006249929848 * |
ZHONGGUO DIANJI GONGCHENG XUEBAO/PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 20060401 CHINESE SOCIETY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING CN, vol. 26, no. 7, 1 April 2006 (2006-04-01), pages 47 - 52 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103641304A (zh) * | 2013-10-26 | 2014-03-19 | 溧阳市浙大产学研服务中心有限公司 | 包括CeO2的铍硅酸盐玻璃及处理放射性废液的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102164864B (zh) | 2015-07-29 |
US20110144408A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
RU2523844C2 (ru) | 2014-07-27 |
FR2934183B1 (fr) | 2011-02-11 |
JP2011528992A (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
RU2011107300A (ru) | 2012-09-10 |
EP2303786A1 (fr) | 2011-04-06 |
US10538448B2 (en) | 2020-01-21 |
EP2303786B1 (fr) | 2017-04-12 |
FR2934183A1 (fr) | 2010-01-29 |
KR101653421B1 (ko) | 2016-09-01 |
CN102164864A (zh) | 2011-08-24 |
JP5753782B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 |
KR20110055556A (ko) | 2011-05-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2303786B1 (fr) | Procédé de confinement de déchets par vitrification en pots métalliques | |
EP1904411B1 (fr) | Procede de confinement d'une matiere par vitrification | |
EP2374137B1 (fr) | Verre alumino-borosilicaté pour le confinement d'effluents liquides radioactifs, et procédé de traitement d'effluents liquides radioactifs | |
CA2294072C (fr) | Procede pour la vitrification d'un materiau pulverulent et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede | |
EP2252555A2 (fr) | Procede d'elaboration de verre | |
EP0241364B1 (fr) | Procédé d'immobilisation de déchets nucléaires dans un verre borosilicaté | |
CA2822454C (fr) | Poudre d'un alliage a base d'uranium et de molybdene utile pour la fabrication de combustibles nucleaires et de cibles destinees a la production de radioisotopes | |
EP2415055B1 (fr) | Procédé de conditionnement de déchets radioactifs sous forme de roche synthétique | |
FR2596910A1 (fr) | Procede pour la preparation d'un verre borosilicate contenant des dechets nucleaires | |
EP2675578B1 (fr) | Procede de fabrication de grains refractaires contenant de l'oxyde de chrome 3 | |
EP1751069A1 (fr) | Procede permettant la combustion et l'oxydation complete de la fraction minerale d'un dechet traite dans un appareil de combustion-vitrification directe | |
WO2014184187A1 (fr) | Procédé d'extraction d'un élément chimique d'un matériau impliquant une réaction d'oxydoréduction liquide-liquide | |
JP2003300750A (ja) | ガラス組成物 | |
EP2717270B1 (fr) | Matrice d'immobilisation de déchets radioactifs comprenant au moins des sels alcalins et procédé d'immobilisation de ces déchets radioactifs pour obtenir la matrice d'immobilisation | |
EP1383137A1 (fr) | Procédé d'immobilisation de sodium métallique sous forme de verre | |
WO1990011853A1 (fr) | Procede pour revetir un recipient metallurgique par un revetement epurant et composition s'y rapportant, et revetement de protection ainsi obtenu | |
CA2692518C (fr) | Melange sec pour le traitement de substrats refractaires et procede le mettant en oeuvre | |
FR2808537A1 (fr) | Creuset de fusion | |
FR2928145A1 (fr) | Procede d'elaboration de verre | |
FR2697451A1 (fr) | Procédé de vitrification de résidus solides issus d'incinération de déchets ménagers et/ou industriels, et produit issu de ce procédé. | |
FR2801521A1 (fr) | Procede et dispositif de traitement et de conditionnement d'un effluent en vue d'une vitrification | |
FR2936239A1 (fr) | Procede de d'elaboration de verre | |
BE365814A (fr) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200980134749.2 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09802505 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
DPE2 | Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2009802505 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2009802505 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2011520471 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20117003820 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12737617 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011107300 Country of ref document: RU |