WO2010005083A1 - 熱処理装置 - Google Patents
熱処理装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010005083A1 WO2010005083A1 PCT/JP2009/062617 JP2009062617W WO2010005083A1 WO 2010005083 A1 WO2010005083 A1 WO 2010005083A1 JP 2009062617 W JP2009062617 W JP 2009062617W WO 2010005083 A1 WO2010005083 A1 WO 2010005083A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- heat treatment
- treatment apparatus
- mist
- workpiece
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/02—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity of multiple-track type; of multiple-chamber type; Combinations of furnaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/04—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
- F27B9/045—Furnaces with controlled atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
- F27D7/02—Supplying steam, vapour, gases, or liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat treatment apparatus, for example, a heat treatment apparatus suitable for use in a treatment such as quenching of an object to be treated.
- a heat treatment apparatus suitable for use in a treatment such as quenching of an object to be treated.
- Patent Document 1 a liquid nozzle and a gas nozzle are arranged around a product to be heat-treated, a cooling liquid is supplied from the liquid nozzle in a spray manner, a cooling gas is supplied from the gas nozzle, and cooling is performed.
- a technique for improving controllability and cooling efficiency is disclosed.
- the above-described conventional technology has the following problems.
- the product to be heat-treated has a surface that is likely to be supplied with a coolant and a surface that is difficult to be supplied. Therefore, there is a problem that even if cooling is performed, a temperature distribution occurs and this causes a deformation of the product to be heat-treated.
- the present invention has been made in consideration of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a heat treatment apparatus capable of sufficiently suppressing distortion and deformation of an object to be processed.
- the heat treatment apparatus of the present invention is a heat treatment apparatus provided with a cooling chamber for cooling a heated object to be processed, and a transfer apparatus for transferring a plurality of the objects to be processed simultaneously in a single row, and a transfer path of the transfer apparatus
- a cooling unit is provided in the cooling chamber, which is provided with a mist cooling device that is disposed so as to supply a mist-like coolant and a gas cooling device that is disposed so as to surround a transport path of the transport device and supplies a cooling gas.
- the formation of a vapor film on the surface of the object to be processed can be suppressed by adjusting the supply amount of the mist-like cooling liquid to the object to be processed on the transport path. Furthermore, the workpiece can be cooled with high cooling efficiency by utilizing the latent heat of vaporization. Moreover, by adjusting the supply amount according to the cooling efficiency for the object to be processed, the object to be processed can be cooled with high controllability. Since the objects to be cooled are transported in a single row, when the mist cooling liquid is supplied by the mist cooling device arranged in the surrounding area, the cooling liquid is hidden behind other objects to be treated. The cooling liquid can be uniformly supplied to the whole without generating a portion that is difficult to be supplied. Therefore, in this invention, it becomes possible to cool a to-be-processed object uniformly, and can suppress the distortion and deformation
- the cooling unit a configuration in which a plurality of cooling units are provided in parallel can be suitably employed.
- this invention it becomes possible to perform cooling with respect to a to-be-processed object in parallel, suppressing the distortion and deformation
- positioned in the same cooling chamber can be employ
- the apparatus becomes large.
- in the present invention even when the workpieces are cooled in parallel, an increase in the size of the cooling chamber can be suppressed.
- the said mist cooling device can employ
- the mist cooling device is provided so as to extend along the transport path and is separated from the pipe body to which the cooling liquid is supplied and along the transport path.
- the structure which has the nozzle part provided in this way can be adopted suitably.
- route can be employ
- the cooling liquid can be uniformly supplied from the periphery of the object to be processed in the form of a mist, and the uniform cooling process without causing the temperature distribution can be performed.
- the uniformity is further increased by taking into account the gravitational force experienced by the spray mist.
- the heat treatment apparatus of the present invention preferably has a configuration having a measuring device that measures the temperature of the object to be processed and a control device that controls the supply amount of the coolant based on the measurement result of the measuring device. Can be adopted. Thereby, in this invention, according to the temperature of a to-be-processed object, a cooling fluid can be supplied with the optimal supply amount.
- the measuring device measures the temperature of the object to be processed at a position corresponding to each of the plurality of mist cooling devices provided, and the control device is based on the measurement result,
- a configuration in which the supply amount of the cooling liquid is individually controlled for the plurality of mist cooling devices can be suitably employed.
- the supply amount of the cooling liquid by the mist cooling device can be individually controlled.
- the temperature of the workpiece can be controlled with high accuracy.
- the heat processing apparatus of this invention has a press apparatus which presses the said to-be-processed object from a predetermined direction.
- a configuration in which the cooling liquid is a fluorine-based inert liquid can be suitably employed.
- the object to be processed can be cooled with high controllability while sufficiently suppressing the distortion and deformation of the object to be processed.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a vacuum heat treatment furnace according to an embodiment.
- 3 is a front sectional view according to a cooling chamber 160.
- FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2. It is a figure which shows 2nd Embodiment of the heat processing apparatus. It is sectional drawing of the cooling chamber which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the cooling chamber which concerns on 3rd Embodiment.
- FIGS. In each drawing used for the following description, the scale of each member is appropriately changed to make each member a recognizable size.
- an example of a multi-chamber type vacuum heat treatment furnace (hereinafter simply referred to as “vacuum heat treatment furnace”) is shown as the heat treatment apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the vacuum heat treatment furnace of the present embodiment.
- a vacuum heat treatment furnace (heat treatment apparatus) 100 performs heat treatment on an object to be processed, and includes a deaeration chamber 110, a preheating chamber 120, a carburizing chamber 130, a diffusion chamber 140, a descending greenhouse 150,
- the cooling chamber 160 is sequentially arranged adjacent to each other, and the objects to be processed are sequentially transferred to the chambers 110 to 160 in a single row.
- FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of the cooling chamber 160
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
- the cooling chamber 160 is formed in the vacuum container 1.
- a cooling unit CU including a transfer device 10, a gas cooling device 20, and a mist cooling device 30 is provided in the vacuum container 1.
- the transport apparatus 10 can transport a plurality of workpieces M in a single row along the horizontal direction and simultaneously.
- a pair of support frames 11 that are arranged to face each other with a space therebetween and extend in the transport direction (horizontal direction), and are provided on opposite surfaces of each support frame 11 so as to be rotatable and at a predetermined interval in the transport direction.
- the conveyance direction of the workpiece M by the conveyance device 10 is simply referred to as a conveyance direction.
- the tray 13 is formed, for example, by arranging wire rods in a grid and is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape.
- the width of the tray 13 is slightly larger than the width of the workpiece M and is supported by the roller 12 at the edge in the width direction of the bottom surface.
- the size is formed.
- the length of the tray 13 is formed in such a size that two workpieces M can be placed at intervals in the transport direction. Therefore, in the present embodiment, a plurality (two in this case) of workpieces M can be conveyed in a single row and simultaneously via the tray 13.
- the gas cooling device 20 cools the workpiece M by supplying a cooling gas into the cooling chamber 160.
- the gas cooling device 20 includes a header pipe 21, a supply pipe 22, and a gas recovery / supply system 23. As shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 3, the header pipe 21 is disposed at the downstream end of the cooling chamber 160 in the transport direction, and is formed in an annular shape centering on the transport path of the workpiece M by the transport device 10. ing. Cooling gas is supplied to the header pipe 21 by a gas recovery / supply system 23.
- the supply pipe 22 has one end connected to the header pipe 21 and the other end extending in the horizontal direction toward the upstream side in the transport direction.
- a plurality of (four here) supply pipes 22 are provided at substantially equal intervals (here, 90 ° intervals) in the circumferential direction around the conveyance path of the workpiece M by the conveyance device 10.
- the supply pipe 22 is provided at the 3 o'clock, 6 o'clock, 9 o'clock, and 12 o'clock positions (up and down, left and right positions) of the annular header pipe 21.
- Each supply pipe 22 has a length that extends over the length of the cooling chamber 160, and the other end extends in the horizontal direction toward the upstream side of the cooling chamber 160 in the transport direction.
- Each supply pipe 22 is formed with a plurality of jet outlets 24 that open toward the conveyance path of the object to be processed over the entire length direction at predetermined intervals.
- the gas recovery / supply system 23 includes an exhaust pipe 25 connected to the vacuum vessel 1, an on-off valve 26 provided in the exhaust pipe 25, and a heat as a cooler for recooling the cooling gas recovered in the exhaust pipe 25. It is mainly composed of an exchanger 27 and a fan 28 that supplies recooled cooling gas to the header pipe 21.
- the cooling gas for example, an inert gas such as argon, helium, or nitrogen is used.
- the mist cooling device 30 cools the workpiece M by supplying the cooling liquid into the cooling chamber 160 in a mist form.
- the mist cooling device 30 includes a header pipe 31 (not shown in FIG. 3), a supply pipe (tube body) 32, and a coolant recovery / supply system 33.
- the header pipe 31 is disposed at the upstream end of the cooling chamber 160 in the transport direction, and is formed in an annular shape centering on the transport path of the workpiece M by the transport device 10.
- a coolant is supplied to the header pipe 31 by a coolant recovery / supply system 33.
- the supply pipe 32 has one end connected to the header pipe 31 and the other end extending in the horizontal direction toward the downstream side in the transport direction.
- a plurality of (four here) supply pipes 32 are provided at substantially equal intervals (here, 90 ° intervals) in the circumferential direction around the conveyance path of the workpiece M by the conveyance device 10.
- the supply pipe 32 is provided in the annular header pipe 21 at a position of ⁇ 45 ° from the horizontal direction.
- Each supply pipe 32 has a length that extends over the length of the cooling chamber 160, and the other end extends in the horizontal direction toward the downstream side in the conveying direction of the cooling chamber 160.
- a plurality of nozzle portions 34 for injecting a cooling liquid in a mist shape toward the conveyance path of the object to be processed are formed at predetermined intervals over the entire length direction.
- the supply pipe 32 and the nozzle portion 34 it is preferable to avoid the vertical direction that may cause a difference in the supply amount because the mist-like coolant is affected by gravity, and the horizontal direction is the same. It is preferable to supply a mist-like coolant. However, when supplying the coolant along the vertical direction, different amounts of coolant may be supplied in consideration of the influence of gravity. Further, when three supply pipes 32 are arranged instead of four, for example, it is preferable to arrange the zenith part and a position of ⁇ 120 ° across the zenith part in order to reduce the vertical component as much as possible. .
- the coolant recovery / supply system 33 includes a drain pipe 35 connected to the vacuum vessel 1, an on-off valve 36 provided in the drain pipe 35, a pump 38, a sensor 40, an inverter 41, a liquefier. (Liquefaction trap) 42 is mainly configured.
- the pump 38 sends the coolant collected by the drainage pipe 35 to the header pipe 31 via the pipe 37 by driving the motor 39.
- the sensor 40 measures the pressure (atmospheric pressure) in the cooling chamber 160.
- the inverter 41 is a coolant flow controller that controls the driving of the motor 39 based on the measurement result of the sensor 40.
- the liquefier 42 liquefies the cooling liquid vaporized by receiving heat from the processed product.
- the cooling liquid for example, oil, salt, a fluorine-based inert liquid described later, and the like can be used.
- the workpieces M are placed on the tray 13 in a single row and separated in the transport direction, and are transported to the cooling chamber 160.
- the cooling liquid is supplied and sprayed in a mist form from the nozzle part 34 in the mist cooling device 30 to the workpiece M conveyed to the cooling chamber 160.
- the diffusion angle from the nozzle portion 34 is set to 90 °, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, so that the cooling liquid is sprayed over the entire side surface (outer peripheral surface) of the workpiece M. Can do.
- the cooling liquid ejected from the nozzle portion 34 located obliquely below the workpiece M (tray 13) is formed by the tray 13 formed by arranging the wire rods in a lattice shape.
- the workpiece M can be cooled by passing through the gap and reaching the workpiece M without hindrance.
- the nozzle portion 34 is provided over the entire length direction of the cooling chamber 160 on the front surface and the back surface in the conveyance direction of the workpiece M, the nozzle portions particularly located on both ends of the supply pipe 32.
- the mist-like coolant is supplied by the injection from 34. For this reason, the to-be-processed object M can be cooled without trouble.
- cooling fluid when making it into normal temperature 25 degreeC under atmospheric pressure, it is desirable that it is a boiling point equivalent to water or more (boiling point of 100 degreeC or more). This is because the temperature of the cooling liquid ejected as mist rises due to heat exchange with the workpiece M, and a heat exchanger is used as a structure (liquefier 42) for cooling this, which is generally used as a heat exchange medium. This is because water is used.
- water as a heat exchange medium is generally cooled in a cooling tower, and is used at a temperature of about 40 to 50 ° C. (that is, heat exchange) in consideration of heat exchange efficiency with the cooling liquid. It is appropriate that the subsequent coolant temperature (the temperature at which the mist coolant is supplied) is about 40 to 50 ° C.). Further, since the cooling liquid absorbs a heat quantity corresponding to the difference between the boiling point and the temperature of the workpiece M, the cooling liquid is 30 to 50 to the supply temperature of the mist cooling liquid so that a larger quantity of heat can be absorbed. It is desirable to have a boiling point as high as about ° C.
- the cooling liquid has a boiling point equal to or higher than that of water (a boiling point of 100 ° C. or higher).
- a fluorine-based inert liquid having a boiling point of 131 ° C. and a normal temperature of 25 ° C. under atmospheric pressure 101 kPa (abs)
- an atmosphere adjustment pressure of 55 kPa ( abs) to a boiling point of 80 ° C. an atmosphere adjustment pressure of about 20 kPa (abs) is preferable.
- the cooling gas is supplied / injected to the workpiece M from the outlet 24 in the gas cooling device 20.
- the workpiece M is directly cooled by the jetted cooling gas.
- the cooling liquid sprayed in a mist form in the cooling chamber 160 is diffused by the flow of the cooling gas, and the atmosphere of the cooling chamber 160 can be made uniform.
- heat exchange with the workpiece M can be performed by continuously supplying the coolant.
- the contact area with the cooling liquid is reduced by the bubbles generated by boiling the cooling liquid in contact with the high temperature workpiece M, and the cooling efficiency is improved. There is no decline. Further, the amount of bubbles is increased to form a vapor film to form a heat insulating layer, and the cooling efficiency is not significantly reduced. Therefore, the cooling process for the workpiece M can be continuously performed.
- the coolant supplied to the cooling chamber 160 in the form of a mist is liquefied by the inner wall surface of the vacuum vessel 1 or the liquefier 42 and stored at the bottom of the vacuum vessel 1.
- the stored coolant is operated by driving the motor 38 and operating the pump 38 with the on-off valve 26 in the gas recovery / supply system 23 closed and the on-off valve 36 in the coolant recovery / supply system 33 opened.
- the header pipe 31 is circulated through the pipe 37.
- the drive of the motor 39 is controlled by the inverter 41 to supply the cooling liquid.
- the cooling gas supplied to the cooling chamber 160 is also circulated and reused. Specifically, the on-off valve 36 in the coolant recovery / supply system 33 is closed, and the on-off valve 26 in the gas recovery / supply system 23 is opened, whereby the cooling gas introduced from the cooling chamber 160 into the exhaust pipe 25 is converted into a heat exchanger. 27 is re-cooled and supplied to circulate through the header pipe 21 by the operation of the fan 28.
- the coolant is supplied in a mist form from the nozzle portion 34 disposed around the transport path to the workpieces M transported in a single row at the same time. Therefore, the cooling liquid can be supplied uniformly to the surface of the workpiece M, and the distortion and deformation of the workpiece M that occur when the cooling is not uniform can be suppressed sufficiently small.
- the workpiece M is cooled using a mist-like cooling liquid, a vapor film or the like is not generated on the surface of the workpiece M, and the cooling characteristics by the liquid having a high heat exchange rate are obtained.
- the to-be-processed object M can be cooled with high controllability, for example, by adjusting the flow rate of the coolant to be maintained and supplied. Therefore, in the present embodiment, for example, even when a heat treatment such as quenching is performed on the workpiece M of the steel material, the steel material can be cooled under a condition in which a hard and brittle pearlite structure is not formed. Is obtained.
- a plurality of nozzle portions 34 are arranged along the transport path, it becomes possible to reliably supply the cooling liquid over the entire workpiece M, and one for the workpiece. Such a cooling process can be performed more reliably.
- a plurality of supply pipes 32 having the nozzle portions 34 are arranged at substantially equal intervals in the circumferential direction around the conveyance path of the workpiece M, so that the entire workpiece M is covered. It is possible to cool uniformly.
- a fluorine-type inert liquid As a cooling fluid in the said embodiment, it is desirable to use a fluorine-type inert liquid.
- a fluorinated inert liquid When a fluorinated inert liquid is used, it is possible to prevent the material to be processed M from being adversely affected without affecting the constituent material of the object to be processed M.
- the fluorine-type inert liquid has nonflammability, safety can also be improved.
- the fluorine-based inert liquid has a boiling point higher than that of water, the cooling potential is high, and problems such as oxidation and vapor film that occur when water is used can be suppressed.
- the heat transfer capability is excellent in terms of latent heat of vaporization, and the workpiece M can be efficiently cooled. Furthermore, since it is not necessary to wash even if the fluorine-based inert liquid adheres to the workpiece M, the productivity can be improved.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a second embodiment of the heat treatment apparatus of the present invention.
- the same components as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that the cooling units CU are provided in parallel.
- each cooling unit CU is independently separated in parallel in the direction substantially orthogonal to the conveyance direction of the workpiece M in the same cooling chamber 160 having a substantially oval shape in cross section.
- Each cooling unit CU includes a transfer device 10, a gas cooling device 20, and a mist cooling device 30, and has the same configuration as in the first embodiment.
- both cooling units CU are arranged in the same cooling chamber 160, in addition to obtaining the same operation and effect as in the first embodiment, a cooling chamber is provided for each cooling unit CU. Compared to the case, the size of the apparatus can be reduced. Moreover, in this embodiment, since each cooling unit CU is cooling the to-be-processed object M conveyed by the single row, the location where it is difficult to supply a cooling fluid behind the other to-be-processed object does not arise. . Therefore, it is possible to perform a cooling process in a plurality of rows while supplying the cooling liquid uniformly throughout, and a high-quality workpiece can be obtained with high productivity.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 the same components as those of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- a pressing device pressing device that presses the workpiece M is provided.
- the pressing device 50 includes an upper press frame 51, a lower press frame 52, and both press frames that are supported by pillars 53 on both sides in the vertical direction across the vacuum vessel 1.
- the main part is composed of a column part 53 supported between them, an upper press part 60 provided on the upper press frame 51, and a lower press part 70 provided on the lower press frame 52.
- the upper press section 60 includes a hydraulic cylinder 61, a cylinder shaft 62, a press ram 63, and an upper punch 64.
- the hydraulic cylinder 61 is fixed on the upper press frame 51.
- the cylinder shaft 62 is provided in the hydraulic cylinder 61 so as to be movable in the vertical direction, and penetrates the upper press frame 51.
- the upper punch 64 has a surface shape corresponding to the upper surface shape of the workpiece M, and is provided so as to be detachable from the press ram 63 by inserting and removing a joining pin (not shown).
- the press ram 63 has a tip end (upper punch 64) provided in the cooling chamber 160, provided through the outer wall of the vacuum vessel 1, and joined to the tip of the cylinder shaft 62.
- the press unit 70 includes a hydraulic cylinder 71, a cylinder shaft 72, a press ram 73, and a lower punch 74.
- the hydraulic cylinder 71 is fixed to the lower press frame 52.
- the cylinder shaft 72 is provided in the hydraulic cylinder 71 so as to be movable in the vertical direction, and penetrates the lower press frame 52.
- the lower punch 74 has a surface shape corresponding to the lower surface shape of the workpiece M, and is provided so as to be detachable from the press ram 73 by inserting and removing a joining pin (not shown).
- the press ram 73 is provided with its tip end (lower punch 74) positioned in the cooling chamber 160 so as to penetrate the outer wall of the vacuum vessel 1, and is joined to the tip of the cylinder shaft 72.
- a sealing material such as an O-ring is provided on a joint surface between the hydraulic cylinder 61 and the upper press frame 51 and the lower press frame 52 so that the vacuum environment of the cooling chamber 160 is maintained. Yes.
- the upper press unit 60 and the lower press unit 70 are opposed to each other and in the transport direction at substantially the same pitch as the interval between the workpieces M placed in a single row on the tray 13. They are spaced apart.
- the tray 13 is formed with a through hole 74A through which the lower punch 74 can be inserted along the movement path of the lower punch 74 when the workpiece M is positioned at the cooling position.
- the hydraulic cylinder 61 is actuated in the upper press unit 60 to operate the cylinder shaft 62 and The press ram 63 descends and the upper punch 64 presses the upper surface of the workpiece M.
- the hydraulic cylinder 71 is operated in the lower press unit 70 to raise the cylinder shaft 72 and the press ram 73, and the upper punch 74 is raised through the through hole 74 ⁇ / b> A of the tray 13. Then, the lower surface of the workpiece M is pressed.
- the workpiece M is sandwiched between the upper punch 64 and the lower punch 74 at the upper and lower surfaces.
- the above-described cooling process is performed on the target portion M in a state of being sandwiched and held between the upper punch 64 and the lower punch 74 as described above.
- the two workpieces M are transported in a single row by the tray 13, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the structure to do may be sufficient.
- the two cooling units CU are arranged in parallel in the same cooling chamber 160, but may be arranged in three or more rows.
- measuring devices such as a radiation thermometer
- the inverter 41 as a control device may be configured to control the supply amount of the mist-like coolant depending on the temperature.
- a measurement device that measures the temperature of the workpiece M at a position corresponding to each of the plurality of nozzle portions 34 is provided, and an opening / closing valve is provided for each nozzle portion 34, and based on the measurement result at each position.
- the supply amount of the mist coolant may be controlled for each nozzle unit.
- the temperature of the workpiece M can be controlled for each position corresponding to the nozzle portion 34, and the workpiece M can be more uniformly cooled to suppress distortion and deformation.
- the supply of the cooling liquid described in the above embodiment is normally performed under vacuum.
- the above-described inert gas may be added at the time of mist cooling.
- the cooling capacity due to the latent heat of vaporization of the cooling liquid can be suppressed, and conversely, by lowering the atmospheric pressure, the boiling point decreases and the temperature is reduced.
- the temperature difference with the processed material M is widened, and the cooling rate (cooling capacity) can be increased.
- the addition amount of the inert gas it becomes possible to control the cooling characteristics for the workpiece M, and it is possible to perform cooling with higher accuracy.
- oil, salt, fluorine-based inert liquid, etc. are exemplified as the cooling liquid.
- water may be used when the influence of oxidation, vapor film, etc. is minor.
- an atmosphere in which the boiling point is 90 kPa (abs) to the boiling point is 80 ° C. for the same reason as in the case of using the fluorine-based inert liquid described above.
- the treatment is preferably performed under conditions of an adjustment pressure of about 48 kPa (abs).
- water is used as the cooling liquid, it can be safely discharged without any complicated post-treatment, either in the liquid phase or in the gas phase. It is also suitable from the viewpoint of protection.
- the object to be processed can be cooled with high controllability while sufficiently suppressing the distortion and deformation of the object to be processed.
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Abstract
Description
複数の被熱処理品に対して一括的に冷却を行う場合、冷却を一様に行うことが困難であり冷却にむらが生じる可能性がある。特に、被熱処理品には、冷却液が供給されやすい面と供給されづらい面が生じやすいため、冷却を施しても温度分布が生じ被熱処理品の変形の一因になるという問題があった。
本発明の熱処理装置は、加熱された被処理物を冷却する冷却室を備えた熱処理装置であって、複数の前記被処理物を同時に単列で搬送する搬送装置と、前記搬送装置の搬送経路を囲んで配置されミスト状の冷却液を供給するミスト冷却装置と、前記搬送装置の搬送経路を囲んで配置され冷却ガスを供給するガス冷却装置とを備えた冷却ユニットが前記冷却室に設けられている。
従って、本発明の熱処理装置では、搬送経路上の被処理物に対してミスト状の冷却液の供給量を調整することにより、被処理物の表面に蒸気膜が形成されることを抑制できる。さらに、気化潜熱を利用し、高い冷却効率で被処理物を冷却できる。また、被処理物に対する冷却効率に応じて供給量を調整することにより、高いコントロール性をもって被処理物を冷却できる。そして、冷却対象となる被処理物が単列で搬送されることから、周囲に配されたミスト冷却装置によるミスト状の冷却液供給に際しては、他の被処理物の陰となって冷却液が供給されづらい箇所が生じることなく、全体に一様に冷却液を供給できる。そのため、本発明では、被処理物を一様に冷却することが可能になり、温度分布等に起因して生じる被処理物の歪や変形を抑制できる。
これにより、本発明では、被処理物の歪や変形を抑制しつつ、被処理物に対する冷却を並行して行うことが可能になり、生産性の向上に寄与できる。
上記の場合、前記複数の冷却ユニットが、同一の冷却室内に配置される構成を好適に採用できる。
冷却ユニット毎に冷却室を設けた場合、装置が大型化する。しかし、本発明では並列して被処理物を冷却する場合でも、冷却室の大型化を抑制できる。
これにより、本発明では、被処理物の全体に亘って確実に冷却液を供給でき、被処理物に対する一様な冷却処理をより確実に行える。
これにより、本発明では、管体に供給された冷却液がノズル部から一様にミスト状となって噴出し、被処理物の全体に亘って一様に冷却できる。
これにより、本発明では、被処理物の周囲から均等に冷却液をミスト状に供給でき、温度分布を生じさせない均等な冷却処理を行える。前記管体の配置に際しては、噴出ミストが受ける重力を考慮し配置することでより均一性が増す。
これにより、本発明では、被処理物の温度に応じて、冷却液を最適な供給量で供給できる。
これにより、本発明では、ミスト冷却装置に対応する位置の被処理物の温度分布に応じて、この温度分布を解消するために、ミスト冷却装置による冷却液の供給量を個別に制御でき、高精度に被処理物の温度を制御できる。
これにより、本発明では、冷却時に被処理物の熱伝達率の変動があった場合でも、被処理物が強制的に押圧されることで被処理物の歪や変形を小さく抑えることが可能になる。
これにより、本発明では、冷却液が被処理物に悪影響を及ぼすことを防止できるとともに、水冷式の場合に生じる表面酸化を防止できる。
なお、以下の説明に用いる各図面では、各部材を認識可能な大きさとするため、各部材の縮尺を適宜変更している。
また、本実施形態では、熱処理装置として、多室型の真空熱処理炉(以下、単に「真空熱処理炉」と称する)の例を示す。
図1は、本実施形態の真空熱処理炉の全体構成図である。
真空熱処理炉(熱処理装置)100は、被処理物に対して熱処理を施すものであって、脱気室110と、予熱室120と、浸炭室130と、拡散室140と、降温室150と、冷却室160とが順次隣接して配置された構成を有しており、被処理物は各室110~160に順次単列で搬送される。
図2は、冷却室160の正面断面図であり、図3は、図2におけるA-A線視断面図である。冷却室160は、真空容器1内に形成される。また、真空容器1内には、搬送装置10と、ガス冷却装置20と、ミスト冷却装置30とからなる冷却ユニットCUが設けられている。
なお、以下の説明においては、搬送装置10による被処理物Mの搬送方向を単に搬送方向と称する。
冷却ガスとしては、例えばアルゴン、ヘリウム、窒素等の不活性ガスが用いられる。
冷却液としては、例えば油、ソルト、後述するフッ素系不活性液体等を用いることができる。
図2及び図3に示すように、被処理物Mはトレー13に単列で、且つ搬送方向に離間した状態で載せられて冷却室160に搬送される。
具体的には、例えば、大気圧の下(101kPa(abs))で、常温25℃で沸点が131℃のフッ素系不活性液を用いる場合には、沸点が110℃となる雰囲気調整圧55kPa(abs)~沸点が80℃となる雰囲気調整圧20kPa(abs)程度の条件で処理することが好ましい。
具体的には、冷却液回収・供給系33における開閉弁36を閉じ、ガス回収・供給系23における開閉弁26を開くことにより、冷却室160から排気管25に導入した冷却ガスが熱交換器27で再冷却され、ファン28の作動によりヘッダ管21を循環するように供給される。
そのため、本実施形態では、例えば鋼材の被処理物Mに対して焼き入れ等の熱処理を施す際にも、鋼材に硬くて脆いパーライト組織が形成されない条件で冷却でき、高品質の被処理物Mが得られる。
フッ素系不活性液体を用いた場合には、被処理物Mの構成材料を侵さず被処理物Mに悪影響を及ぼすことを防止できる。また、フッ素系不活性液体は、不燃性を有しているため、安全性も向上させることができる。また、フッ素系不活性液体は、沸点が水よりも高いため、冷却ポテンシャルも高く、水を用いた場合に生じる酸化や蒸気膜等の問題も抑制することができる。また、蒸発潜熱の点でも熱伝達能力に優れており、被処理物Mを効率的に冷却することができる。さらに、被処理物Mにフッ素系不活性液体が付着しても洗浄する必要がないことから、生産性も向上させることができる。
図4は、本発明の熱処理装置の第2実施形態を示す図である。
この図において、図1乃至図3に示す第1実施形態の構成要素と同一の要素については同一符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
第2実施形態と上記の第1実施形態とが異なる点は、冷却ユニットCUを並列して設けたことである。
また、本実施形態では、各冷却ユニットCUが単列で搬送された被処理物Mを冷却していることから、他の被処理物の陰となって冷却液が供給されづらい箇所が生じない。従って、全体に一様に冷却液を供給しつつ複数列での冷却処理が可能となり、高い生産性で高品質の被処理物を得ることができる。
続いて、第3実施形態について図5及び図6を参照して説明する。
これらの図において、図1乃至図3に示す第1実施形態の構成要素と同一の要素については同一符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
本実施形態では、被処理物Mを押圧する押圧装置(プレス装置)が設けられている。
上記油圧シリンダ61と、71の上プレスフレーム51と、下プレスフレーム52との接合面には、Oリング等のシール材が設けてあり、冷却室160の真空環境が維持される構成となっている。
そして、このように、上パンチ64及び下パンチ74の間で挟まれて保持された状態の被処理部Mに対して、上述した冷却処理が施される。
なお、第2実施形態についても、第3実施形態と同様に、押圧装置50を設けて被処理物Mを押圧しつつ冷却できることは言うまでもない。
また、上記第2実施形態では、同一の冷却室160に2つの冷却ユニットCUを並列させる構成としたが、3列以上に並列させる構成でもよい。
さらに、この場合、複数のノズル部34のそれぞれに対応する位置の被処理物Mの温度を計測する計測装置を設けるとともに、ノズル部34毎に開閉弁を設け、各位置で計測した結果に基づいて、ノズル部毎にミスト状冷却液の供給量を制御する構成としてもよい。
これにより、ノズル部34と対応する位置毎に被処理物Mの温度を制御することが可能になり、被処理物Mをより均一に冷却して歪や変形を抑えることができる。
通常、雰囲気圧が高いと沸点は上がり、雰囲気圧が低いと沸点が下がる。そのため、不活性ガスの添加量を調整して、雰囲気圧を上昇させることにより、冷却液の気化潜熱による冷却能力を抑えることができ、逆に雰囲気圧を下降させることにより、沸点が下がって被処理物Mとの温度差が広がって冷却速度(冷却能力)を高めることができる。
このように、不活性ガスの添加量を調整することにより、被処理物Mに対する冷却特性を制御することも可能になり、より高精度の冷却を実施することができる。
冷却液として水を用いた場合には、液相または気相のいずれであっても、煩雑な後処理を要することなく安全に排出することが可能であり、後処理に係るコスト面及び地球環境保護の観点からも好適である。
20…ガス冷却装置
30…ミスト冷却装置
32…供給管(管体)
34…ノズル部
50…押圧装置
100…真空熱処理炉(熱処理装置)
160・・・冷却室
CU…冷却ユニット
Claims (10)
- 加熱された被処理物を冷却する冷却室を備えた熱処理装置であって、
複数の前記被処理物を同時に単列で搬送する搬送装置と、
前記搬送装置の搬送経路を囲んで配置されミスト状の冷却液を供給するミスト冷却装置と、
前記搬送装置の搬送経路を囲んで配置され冷却ガスを供給するガス冷却装置とをそれぞれ備えた冷却ユニットが前記冷却室に設けられる熱処理装置。 - 請求項1に記載の熱処理装置において、
前記冷却ユニットは、並列して複数設けられる熱処理装置。 - 請求項2に記載の熱処理装置において、
前記複数の冷却ユニットは、同一の冷却室内に配置される熱処理装置。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の熱処理装置において、
前記ミスト冷却装置は、前記搬送経路に沿って互いに離間した位置から前記冷却液を供給する熱処理装置。 - 請求項4に記載の熱処理装置において、
前記ミスト冷却装置は、前記搬送経路に沿って延在して設けられ前記冷却液が供給される管体と、前記管体に前記搬送経路に沿って互いに離間して設けられたノズル部とを有する熱処理装置。 - 請求項5に記載の熱処理装置において、
前記管体は、前記搬送経路を中心として、周方向に略等間隔で複数配置される熱処理装置。 - 請求項1に記載の熱処理装置において、
前記被処理物の温度を計測する計測装置と、
前記計測装置の計測結果に基づいて、前記冷却液の供給量を制御する制御装置とを有する熱処理装置。 - 請求項7に記載の熱処理装置において、
前記計測装置は、複数設けられた前記ミスト冷却装置のそれぞれに対応する位置における前記被処理物の温度を計測し、
前記制御装置は、前記計測結果に基づいて、前記複数のミスト冷却装置に対して個別に前記冷却液の供給量を制御する熱処理装置。 - 請求項1に記載の熱処理装置において、
前記被処理物を所定の方向から押圧する押圧装置を有する熱処理装置。 - 請求項1に記載の熱処理装置において、
前記冷却液は、フッ素系不活性液体である熱処理装置。
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- 2009-07-10 KR KR1020117002067A patent/KR20110025851A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-07-10 DE DE112009001647.2T patent/DE112009001647B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-07-10 WO PCT/JP2009/062617 patent/WO2010005083A1/ja active Application Filing
-
2014
- 2014-01-21 US US14/159,972 patent/US20140131930A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130008567A1 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2013-01-10 | Kazuhiko Katsumata | Heat treatment method |
US9593390B2 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2017-03-14 | Ihi Corporation | Heat treatment method |
WO2011129340A1 (ja) * | 2010-04-12 | 2011-10-20 | 株式会社Ihi | ミスト冷却装置及び熱処理装置 |
JP2011220627A (ja) * | 2010-04-12 | 2011-11-04 | Ihi Corp | ミスト冷却装置及び熱処理装置 |
CN102918347A (zh) * | 2010-04-12 | 2013-02-06 | 株式会社Ihi | 喷雾冷却装置及热处理装置 |
US20130032977A1 (en) * | 2010-04-12 | 2013-02-07 | Kazuhiko Katsumata | Mist cooling apparatus and heat treatment apparatus |
US9359654B2 (en) | 2010-04-12 | 2016-06-07 | Ihi Corporation | Mist cooling apparatus and heat treatment apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102089610A (zh) | 2011-06-08 |
US20140131930A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
US20110262877A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
KR20110025851A (ko) | 2011-03-11 |
DE112009001647T5 (de) | 2011-05-05 |
CN102089610B (zh) | 2013-05-29 |
JP2010038531A (ja) | 2010-02-18 |
DE112009001647B4 (de) | 2014-07-24 |
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