WO2009157515A1 - 医薬組成物 - Google Patents
医薬組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009157515A1 WO2009157515A1 PCT/JP2009/061636 JP2009061636W WO2009157515A1 WO 2009157515 A1 WO2009157515 A1 WO 2009157515A1 JP 2009061636 W JP2009061636 W JP 2009061636W WO 2009157515 A1 WO2009157515 A1 WO 2009157515A1
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- 0 [*+]SC(CC(CC(N1)=O)CC1=O)=O Chemical compound [*+]SC(CC(CC(N1)=O)CC1=O)=O 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/80—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/84—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/86—Oxygen atoms
- C07D211/88—Oxygen atoms attached in positions 2 and 6, e.g. glutarimide
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/45—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. cycloheximide
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
- A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
- A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition.
- Nitric oxide is an essential endogenous substance involved in various biological maintenance mechanisms, but can also be a causative substance such as inflammation.
- NO synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes NO production using L-arginine as a substrate, and there are three isoforms, iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS.
- inducible NO synthase iNOS usually does not show enzyme activity. However, when cells are stimulated with cytokines or LPS, iNOS production is induced and a large amount of NO is transiently produced. This NO is a mediator of inflammation and causes, for example, septic shock, vasodilation due to inflammation and hypotension.
- COX-2 cyclooxynase 2
- COX-2 is known as an enzyme induced by stimulation of cytokines and growth factors. This enzyme also functions as a mediator of the inflammatory response through the production of prostaglandins.
- iNOS and COX-2 are known to be expressed in macrophages and the like by activating a transcription factor called NF- ⁇ B. Therefore, iNOS and COX can be inhibited by inhibiting NF- ⁇ B. Development of anti-inflammatory agents that inhibit the expression of -2 has been expected.
- iNOS is highly expressed in various cancers including colorectal cancer and breast cancer. Further, since this DTCM glutarimide can inhibit tumor neoplastic transformation and tumor metastasis, it is used as an antitumor agent. it can. Since inhibition of COX-2 in tumor cells suppresses the growth of tumor cells, iNOS and COX-2 inhibitors are also expected as antitumor agents.
- drugs that inhibit the expression of iNOS and COX-2 by inhibiting NF- ⁇ B have a risk of side effects due to inhibition of NF- ⁇ B.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition that inhibits the expression of iNOS and COX-2 without inhibiting NF- ⁇ B.
- the compound of the present invention is represented by the following formula (I).
- n is an integer of 1 to 24.
- nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitor inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression inhibitor, prostaglandin production inhibitor, osteoclast differentiation inhibitor, COX-2 expression inhibitor of the present invention
- the therapeutic agent for diseases mediated by iNOS or COX-2 contains the compound (I) as an active ingredient.
- the disease may be an immune disease, a neurodegenerative disease, an inflammatory disease, or a tumor.
- the method for treating a disease mediated by iNOS or COX-2 includes a step of administering a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound (I) as an active ingredient to a patient having the disease.
- the disease may be an immune disease, a neurodegenerative disease, an inflammatory disease, or a tumor.
- rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, collagen disease, Basedow's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, infection, arthritis, fever, low back pain, dysmenorrhea, teeth Peri-disease, osteoporosis, and bone cancer may be used.
- it is a graph which shows the cell viability with respect to each DTCM glutarimide density
- it is a graph which shows the cell growth rate with respect to each DTCM glutarimide density
- when DTCM glutarimide-C12 is administered to RAW264.7 cells it is a graph which shows the synthesis
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing that DTCM glutarimide-C12 suppresses NO production due to macrophage activation in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a graph showing that DTCM glutarimide-C6 suppresses NO production due to macrophage activation in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. In one Example of the present invention it is a graph showing that the NO production inhibitory effect of DTCM glutarimide-C12 due to macrophage activation is not due to the NO trapping activity of DTCM glutarimide-C12.
- 4 is a graph showing that DTCM glutarimide-C12 suppresses iNOS expression in macrophage activation in one example of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing that DTCM glutarimide-C12 suppresses COX-2 gene expression in macrophage activation in one example of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing that DTCM glutarimide-C12 does not affect IL-6 production by macrophage activation in one example of the present invention.
- it is a graph showing that DTCM glutarimide-C12 does not affect NF- ⁇ B activation in macrophage activation, using I ⁇ B- ⁇ degradation and reinduction as an index.
- it is a graph showing that DTCM glutarimide-C12 does not affect NF- ⁇ B activation in macrophage activation, using NF- ⁇ B DNA binding ability as an index.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing that DTCM glutarimide-C12 does not affect MAPK activation by macrophage activation in an example of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing that DTCM glutarimide-C12 having a concentration of 3.0 ⁇ g / mL or less is not toxic to mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages in an example of the present invention.
- it is a microscope picture which shows the influence of the RANKL process and DTCM glutarimide-C12 process in the differentiation induction from the bone marrow derived from a mouse
- it is a graph showing the number of differentiated osteoclasts when mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were treated with RANKL or DTCM glutarimide-C12. In one Example of this invention, it is a graph which shows the viable cell rate at the time of treating F9 cell with DTCM glutarimide-C12. In one Example of this invention, it is a graph which shows a cell growth at the time of treating F9 cell with DTCM glutarimide-C12.
- n is not particularly limited, but is preferably an integer of 1 to 24, more preferably an integer of 1 to 18, and further preferably 1 to 12 or 6 to 18. 6 to 12 is most preferable.
- This DTCM glutarimide can be synthesized, for example, as follows. First, compound (II) is dissolved in acetic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid is added, and the mixture is heated to reflux. Add water to the reaction mixture and heat to reflux. The reaction mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate, and the obtained organic layer is washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent is removed under reduced pressure to give an oily substance. This oily substance is dissolved in dimethylformamide, 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and 1-alkanethiol are added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature.
- the iNOS expression inhibitor of the present invention contains DTCM glutarimide represented by the above formula (I) as an active ingredient and inhibits iNOS production by inhibiting iNOS expression without inhibiting NF- ⁇ B. As a result, production of nitric oxide (NO) can be inhibited.
- the COX-2 inhibitor of the present invention contains DTCM glutarimide represented by the formula (I) as an active ingredient, and inhibits the expression of COX-2 without inhibiting NF- ⁇ B. -2 production can be inhibited, and as a result, production of prostaglandins can be inhibited, and differentiation of osteoclasts can be suppressed.
- diseases mediated by iNOS or COX-2 include, for example, rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, collagen disease, and Basedoo's disease, Parkinson's disease and Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, various inflammatory diseases such as infection, arthritis, fever, low back pain, dysmenorrhea, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon Tumors such as cancer, colon cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, brain tumor, bone cancer, multiple myeloma, etc.
- rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, collagen disease, and Basedoo's disease
- Parkinson's disease and Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,
- DTCM glutarimide represented by the formula (I) is particularly useful as an antiimmune disease agent, an anti-neurodegenerative disease agent, an angiogenesis inhibitor, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, an antipyretic analgesic agent, an antitumor agent, etc. It is.
- drugs include DTCM glutarimide, pharmaceutically acceptable ordinary carriers, binders, stabilizers, excipients, diluents, pH buffers, disintegrants, solubilizers, solubilizers, Various preparation compounding ingredients such as isotonic agents can be contained.
- these drugs when administered to a patient, they may be administered at an appropriate dose suitable for the patient's sex, weight, and symptoms, and by an appropriate administration method such as oral administration or parenteral administration.
- cytotoxicity of DTCM glutarimide on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated using cell viability and cell proliferation rate as indices.
- RAW264.7 cells were seeded at 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / ml in a plastic dish using DMEM medium containing 10% FBS, and 0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.
- DTCM glutarimide-C12 was added to the medium at each concentration of 0 ⁇ g / mL, and cultured for 24 and 48 hours. Then, the total cell number was determined using a hemocytometer, and the number of living cells was determined using Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. I investigated.
- FIG. 1 plots the cell viability (viable cell count / total cell count) against each DTCM glutarimide concentration
- FIG. 2 plots the total cell count against each culture time.
- DTCM glutarimide inhibits NO production by macrophage activation.
- 2 RAW264.7 cells were added using a medium supplemented with DTCM glutarimide-C12 at each concentration (0, 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 ⁇ g / mL). After the time culture, 3.0 ⁇ g / mL LPS was added, and further cultured for 20 hours. Thereafter, the NO production was measured by Griess reaction, and graphed (bar graph in FIG. 4) against each DTCM glutarimide-C12 concentration.
- RAW264.7 cells produced excessive NO 20 hours after stimulation with LPS, and DTCM glutarimide-C12 significantly suppressed this NO production in a concentration-dependent manner.
- C negative control that does not express NO
- cells not stimulated with LPS were used.
- P positive control for suppressing NO expression
- 10 ⁇ g was used instead of DTCM glutarimide-C12.
- D a medium supplemented with / mL ( ⁇ )-DHMEQ
- NO is rapidly metabolized to nitrite (NO 2 ⁇ ) when released into the sperm on the culture. Therefore, nitrite in the culture supernatant is measured by the Griess method, and DTCM glutarimide-C12 is trapped by NO. It was used as an index of activity.
- the calibration curve was prepared using sodium nitrite.
- DTCM glutarimide-C12 did not have NO scavenging activity.
- NO production suppression effect of DTCM glutarimide by macrophage activation is not due to the NO scavenging activity of DTCM glutarimide.
- DTCM glutarimide-C12 significantly suppressed this iNOS expression in a concentration-dependent manner.
- DTCM glutarimide suppresses iNOS gene expression in macrophage activation, and the strength of the suppression correlates with the concentration of DTCM glutarimide.
- RAW264.7 cells express COX-2 upon stimulation with LPS, but DTCM glutarimide-C12 significantly suppresses COX-2 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. did.
- DTCM glutarimide suppresses COX-2 gene expression in macrophage activation, and the strength of the suppression correlates with the concentration of DTCM glutarimide.
- DTCM glutarimide does not affect IL-6 production by macrophage activation
- Macrophages activated by inflammatory stimuli produce inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF- ⁇ .
- the example shows that DTCM glutarimide does not affect IL-6 production by macrophage activation.
- RAW264.7 cells became capable of expressing IL-6 upon stimulation with LPS, and DTCM glutarimide-C12 was expressed at a concentration of 3.0 ⁇ g / mL or less. Had no effect on the production of. Thus, DTCM glutarimide does not inhibit IL-6 expression in macrophage activation at concentrations that do not cause cytotoxicity.
- DTCM glutarimide does not affect NF- ⁇ B activation in macrophage activation NF- ⁇ B, which is involved in signal transduction from the inside of the cell to the nucleus, is stimulated by many genes that are stimulated in immune / inflammatory reactions. It is known as a transcription factor involved in expression induction.
- LPS stimulation that activates macrophages activates NF- ⁇ B via TLR4.
- NF- ⁇ B usually forms a complex with the inhibitory protein I ⁇ B and exists in the cytoplasm in an inactivated state.
- I ⁇ B- ⁇ is phosphorylated and then ubiquitin And is degraded by the proteasome.
- NF- ⁇ B since the binding site of NF- ⁇ B exists in the promoter region of I ⁇ B- ⁇ , I ⁇ B- ⁇ is re-induced by the activation of NF- ⁇ B.
- NF- ⁇ B plays an important role in the regulation after macrophage activation, in this Example, it is shown that DTCM glutarimide does not affect NF- ⁇ B activation in macrophage activation.
- RAW264.7 cells were cultured for 2 hours under the same conditions as in (2) using a medium added with 3.0 ⁇ g / mL DTCM glutarimide-C12 and a medium added thereto, and then 3.0 ⁇ g / mL LPS was added and further cultured for 0, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes. Each cell was collected and protein was extracted by a conventional method. Anti-I ⁇ B- ⁇ antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was diluted at 1/500, and anti- ⁇ -tubulin antibody (Sigma Aldrich Japan) was diluted at 1/3000. Used for Western blotting.
- the TE buffer that had been packed was removed and washed with distilled water, and then 100 ⁇ L of the reaction solution was placed on a Nick Column (Amersham), and then 400 ⁇ L of distilled water was placed on it, and the eluate from the column was 1. Collected in 5 mL Eppendorf tubes. Further, 400 ⁇ L of distilled water was added, and the fraction coming out of the column again was collected in a 1.5 mL Eppendorf tube, which was used as a labeled DNA probe.
- NF- ⁇ B As a negative control that does not activate NF- ⁇ B, cells that are not activated by LPS are used.
- a positive control that suppresses the activity of NF- ⁇ B 10 ⁇ g / mL ( ⁇ ) is used instead of DTCM glutarimide-C12. -Cells cultured in medium supplemented with DHMEQ were used.
- the signal from the probe to which NF- ⁇ B was bound was identified by disappearance by DHMEQ and supershift by anti-p65 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
- DTCM glutarimide-C12 pretreatment suppressed DNA binding ability of NF- ⁇ B at a concentration of 3.0 ⁇ g / mL or less. I did not. Thus, DTCM glutarimide does not inhibit NF- ⁇ B activation in macrophage activation at concentrations that do not cause cytotoxicity.
- DTCM glutarimide does not affect MAPK activation by macrophage activation NO production induced by macrophage activation activates MAPK including not only NF- ⁇ B but also ERK1 / 2, JNK and p38 Is known to be involved. It has also been reported that MAPK activation including ERK1 / 2, JNK and p38 is essential for the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes. However, this example shows that DTCM glutarimide does not affect the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK in macrophage activation.
- an anti-phosphorylated p38 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-p38 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-phosphorylated ERK antibody (Cell Signaling Technology), Anti-ERK antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-phosphorylated JNK antibody (Cell Signaling Technology) and anti-JNK antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) are used at a dilution ratio of 1/500, respectively, and anti- ⁇ -tubulin antibody (Sigma) Western blotting was performed using Aldrich® Japan) at a dilution ratio of 1/300.
- ERK is activated 10 minutes after LPS stimulation of cells without treatment with DTCM glutarimide-C12, and the activation is attenuated 60 minutes later. Even in the DTCM glutarimide-C12 pretreatment, there is no change in the activation pattern of ERK.
- DTCM glutarimide does not affect the activation of MAPK in the activation of macrophages at a concentration that does not cause cytotoxicity.
- the prepared mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were seeded at 1 mL each in a 24-well plate (Corning) (1.25 to 3.75 ⁇ 10 6 cells / mL). 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, or 30.0 ⁇ g / mL DTCM glutarimide-C12 was added to each well, and each experimental group was cultured at 37 ° C. under 5% CO 2 conditions. The control group was cultured under the same conditions without adding DTCM glutarimide-C12.
- Viability (%) (total number of cells ⁇ number of dead cells) ⁇ total number of cells ⁇ 100
- the survival rate of mouse bone marrow cell-derived macrophages was 80% or more regardless of the culture time.
- the survival rate of mouse bone marrow cell-derived macrophages was reduced regardless of the culture time.
- DTCM glutarimide-C12 has no toxicity to mouse bone marrow cell-derived macrophages. Therefore, DTCM glutarimide-C12 in the following Examples using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages was set to 3.0 ⁇ g / mL or less.
- the primary mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages prepared in Example (10) were seeded at a dose of 500 ⁇ L in a 24-well plate (Corning) (1.25 to 3.75 ⁇ 10 6 cells / mL). To this, 5 ⁇ L of DTCM glutarimide-C12 was added to a final concentration of 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 ⁇ g / mL. Each experimental group was cultured at 37 ° C. under 5% CO 2 for 2 hours. 5 ⁇ L of 10 ⁇ g / mL hRANKL (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) prepared with PBS containing 0.1% BSA was added (final concentration 100 ng / mL), and the culture was continued.
- RANKL is known as a factor that induces osteoclast differentiation from macrophages and the like (Kobayashi et al. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 19 (1), 61-72, 2009).
- the control group was cultured under the same conditions except that RANKL and DTCM glutarimide were not added.
- TRAP tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- osteoclasts were not observed in the group without RANKL (FIG. 14A), but osteoclast differentiation was induced in the group with RANKL added (FIG. 14B).
- DTCM glutarimide-C12 was added, the number of osteoclasts was significantly reduced (FIGS. 14C to E and FIG. 15).
- DTCM glutarimide suppresses osteoclast differentiation from macrophages. Therefore, DTCM glutarimide can be used for treatment of various diseases in which bone destruction is caused by osteoclasts.
- Mouse embryonic tumor-derived F9 cells (purchased from RIKEN Tsukuba BioResource Center Cell Materials Development Office) were seeded at 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL in a plastic dish using DMEM medium containing 15% FBS. , 0.1, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, 10.0, 30.0 ⁇ g / mL, DTCM glutarimide-C12 was added to the medium and cultured for 24, 48, or 72 hours . The cell viability was measured according to “Measurement of viable cell rate by trypan blue staining” described in Example (10). In addition, the number of cells in the cultured cell suspension prepared in the same manner was counted with a call counter (Beckman coulter) to detect cell proliferation.
- a call counter Beckman coulter
- the cell viability of F9 cells was significantly reduced depending on the DTCM glutarimide-C12 concentration (t test).
- the DTCM glutarimide-C12 concentration was 10 or 30 ⁇ g / mL
- the cell viability was significantly reduced in the 72-hour culture group compared to the 24-hour or 48-hour culture group.
- DTCM glutarimide has an effect of reducing the survival rate of tumor cells and an effect of suppressing proliferation. Therefore, DTCM glutarimide can be used for the treatment of various cancers.
- the present invention makes it possible to provide a pharmaceutical composition that inhibits the expression of iNOS and COX-2 without inhibiting NF- ⁇ B.
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Abstract
Description
(式中、nは1~24のいずれかの整数である。)
また、本発明の、一酸化窒素(NO)産生阻害剤、誘導型一酸化窒素合成酵素(iNOS)発現阻害剤、プロスタグランジン産生阻害剤、破骨細胞分化抑制剤、COX-2発現阻害剤、iNOSまたはCOX-2が介在する疾患の治療剤は、上記化合物(I)を有効成分として含有する。前記疾患が、免疫性疾患、神経変性疾患、炎症性疾患、または腫瘍であってもよい。
本出願は、平成20年6月25日付で出願した日本国特許出願第2008-166290に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、当該基礎出願を引用することにより、本明細書に含めるものとする。
本発明の化合物は、式(I)で示されるDTCMグルタルイミドである。
式中、nは特に限定されないが、1~24のいずれかの整数であれば好ましく、1~18のいずれかの整数であればより好ましく、1~12または6~18であることがさらに好ましく、6~12であることがもっとも好ましい。
まず、化合物(II)を酢酸に溶解させ、濃硫酸を加え、加熱還流する。反応混合物に水を加え、さらに加熱還流する。反応混合物を酢酸エチルで抽出し、得られた有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた後、減圧下で溶媒を除去すると、油状物質が得られる。この油状物質をジメチルホルムアミドに溶解し、1-(3-ジメチルアミノプロピル)-3-エチルカルボジイミド、4-ジメチルアミノピリジン、1-アルカンチオールを加え、室温で撹拌する。得られた反応液に水を加え、クロロホルムで抽出し、得られた有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた。ろ過後、溶媒を減圧留去して得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製すると、化合物(I)が無色固体として得られる。ここで、1-アルカンチオールのアルカン鎖のCの数を選択することで、化合物(I)のnの数を調整できる。
本発明のiNOS発現阻害剤は、有効成分として、上記式(I)で示されるDTCMグルタルイミドを含有し、NF-κBを阻害せずにiNOSの発現を阻害することにより、iNOS産生を阻害し、結果的に一酸化窒素(NO)の産生を阻害することができる。
iNOS産生の抑制及びCOX-2産生の抑制は、それぞれiNOS及びCOX-2が介在する疾患の治療につながる。したがって、iNOS発現やCOX-2発現を抑制することにできる、式(I)で示されるDTCMグルタルイミドは、iNOSまたはCOX-2が介在する疾患の治療剤として有用である。
これらの薬剤は、DTCMグルタルイミドの他、薬学的に許容しうる通常の担体、結合剤、安定化剤、賦形剤、希釈剤、pH緩衝剤、崩壊剤、可溶化剤、溶解補助剤、等張剤等の各種調剤用配合成分を含有することができる。またこれらの薬剤を患者に投与するに際しては、患者の性別・体重・症状に見合った適切な投与量で、また、経口投与又は非経口投与などの適切な投与方法で投与すれば良い。
1H-NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3) δ 0.89 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.30 (6H, complex), 1.55 (2H, dd, J = 7.6, 14.9 Hz), 2.36 (2H, complex), 2.73 (5H, complex), 2.90 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz); 13C-NMR (67.8 MHz, CDCl3) 14.1, 22.5, 27.7, 28.5, 29.3, 29.4, 31.3, 37.1, 47.9, 166.8, 171.12, 171.15.
同様に、1-ヘキサンチオールの代わりに、1-ドデカンチオールを用いて反応させ、上記式(IV)で表されるDTCMグルタルイミドC-12を合成した。
1H-NMR (270 MHz, CDCl3) δ 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 1.27 (18H, complex), 1.55 (2H, dd, J=6.5, 13.2 Hz), 2.36 (2H, complex), 2.71 (5H, complex), 2.93 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz); 13C-NMR (67.8 MHz, CDCl3) 14.2, 22.7, 27.7, 28.9, 29.1, 29.3, 29.4, 29.5, 29.6, 29.7, 32.0, 37.2, 47.8, 166.8, 171.0.
(2)DTCMグルタルイミドが細胞に与える毒性の評価 I
本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドがRAW264.7細胞に与える細胞毒性を、細胞生存率及び細胞増殖率を指標として評価した。
RAW264.7細胞を、10%FBSを含むDMEM培地を用いてプラスティックディッシュに1×104cells/mlで播種し、0、0.1、0.3、1.0、3.0、10.0μg/mLの各濃度でDTCMグルタルイミド-C12を培地に添加し、24時間及び48時間培養した後、血球計算盤を用いて全細胞数を調べ、Trypan blue dye exclusion assayを用いて生細胞数を調べた。図1には各DTCMグルタルイミド濃度に対する細胞生存率(生細胞数/全細胞数)を、図2には各培養時間に対する全細胞数をプロットした。
本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドがRAW264.7細胞に与える細胞毒性を、DNA、RNA、タンパク質に対する合成阻害を指標として評価した。
(2)と同様の条件で各濃度(0、0.1、0.3、1.0、3.0,10.0μg/mL)のDTCMグルタルイミド-C12を添加した培地を用いてRAW264.7細胞を6時間培養後、3H標識の0.1%チミジン、0.1%ウリジン、0.1%ロイシンを添加し、さらに1時間培養した。細胞を回収し、TCA不溶性画分の放射能を液体シンチレーションカウンターで測定した。DTCMグルタルイミド-C12添加無しのコントロールで得られた結果を100とし、各DTCMグルタルイミド-C12濃度で得られた計測値を相対値として図3のようにグラフ化した。
本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドがマクロファージ活性化によるNO産生を抑制することを示す。
(2)と同様の条件で各濃度(0、0.1、0.3、1.0、3.0μg/mL)のDTCMグルタルイミド-C12を添加した培地を用いてRAW264.7細胞を2時間培養後、3.0μg/mLのLPSを添加して、さらに20時間培養した。その後、NO産生量をGriess反応によって測定し、各DTCMグルタルイミド-C12濃度に対してグラフ化(図4の棒グラフ)した。
このように、DTCMグルタルイミドの、マクロファージ活性化によるNO産生抑制効果は、DTCMグルタルイミドのNO捕捉活性によるものではない。
本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドがマクロファージ活性化におけるiNOS遺伝子発現を抑制することを示す。
(4)と同様の条件でRAW264.7細胞を活性化し、細胞を回収して常法によってタンパク質を抽出し、抗iNOS抗体(Santa Cruz Biotechnology)及び抗α-チューブリン抗体(Sigma Aldrich Japan)を希釈率1/3000で用いて、ウエスタン・ブロッティングを行った。なお、iNOSを発現しないネガティブコントロールとして、LPSによって刺激していない細胞を用い、iNOS発現を抑制するポジティブコントロールとして、DTCMグルタルイミド-C12のかわりに、10μg/mLの(-)-DHMEQを添加した培地で培養した細胞を用いた。
このように、DTCMグルタルイミドは、マクロファージ活性化におけるiNOS遺伝子発現を抑制し、その抑制の強さはDTCMグルタルイミドの濃度に相関する。
本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドがマクロファージ活性化におけるCOX-2遺伝子発現を抑制することを示す。
(4)と同様の条件でRAW264.7細胞を活性化し、細胞を回収して常法によってタンパク質を抽出し、抗COX-2抗体(BD Bioscience)及び抗α-チューブリン抗体(Sigma Aldrich Japan)を希釈率1/3000で用いて、ウエスタン・ブロッティングを行った。COX-2を発現しないネガティブコントロールとして、LPSによって刺激していない細胞を用い、COX-2発現を抑制するポジティブコントロールとして、DTCMグルタルイミド-C12のかわりに、10μg/mLの(-)-DHMEQを添加した培地で培養した細胞を用いた。
このように、DTCMグルタルイミドは、マクロファージ活性化におけるCOX-2遺伝子発現を抑制し、その抑制の強さはDTCMグルタルイミドの濃度に相関する。
炎症性刺激によって活性化されたマクロファージは、IL-6やTNF-αなどの炎症性サイトカインを産生するが、本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドがマクロファージ活性化によるIL-6産生には影響しないことを示す。
このように、DTCMグルタルイミドは、細胞毒性の生じない濃度では、マクロファージ活性化におけるIL-6の発現を阻害しない。
細胞内から核内へのシグナル伝達に関与するNF-κBは、免疫・炎症反応において刺激誘導される多くの遺伝子の発現誘導に関わっている転写因子として知られている。RAW264.7細胞において、マクロファージを活性化するLPS刺激は、TLR4を介してNF-κBを活性化する。また、NF-κBは通常、抑制タンパク質IκBと複合体を形成し、不活化された状態で細胞質中に存在するが、LPSなどの刺激を受けると、IκB-αはリン酸化された後、ユビキチン化を受け、プロテアソームによって分解される。さらに、IκB-αのプロモーター領域にはNF-κBの結合サイトが存在するため、NF-κBの活性化によってIκB-αは再誘導される。このように、マクロファージ活性化後の調節にNF-κBが重要な役割を果たしているが、本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドがマクロファージ活性化におけるNF-κB活性化には影響しないことを示す。
このように、DTCMグルタルイミドは、細胞毒性の生じない濃度では、マクロファージの活性化におけるNF-κBの活性化を阻害しない。
マクロファージ活性化によって誘導されるNO産生には、NF-κBだけでなく、ERK1/2、JNKおよびp38を含むMAPKの活性化が関わっていることが知られている。また、炎症性サイトカイン遺伝子の発現にも、ERK1/2、JNKおよびp38を含むMAPKの活性化が必須であるということも報告されている。しかし、本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドがマクロファージ活性化におけるp38、ERKおよびJNKのリン酸化には影響しないことを示す。
本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドが初代マウス骨髄由来マクロファージに与える細胞毒性を、細胞の生存率によって評価した。
各実験群において、DTCMグルタルイミド―C12添加24時間、48時間あるいは72時間後に、細胞をセルスクレーパーで剥離してα―MEMに懸濁し、1mLの細胞懸濁液を新しいエッペンドルフチューブに回収した。対照群でも同様にして、培養開始から24時間、48時間、あるいは72時間後に細胞懸濁液を回収した。これを、3500rpmで5分間遠心して細胞を沈殿させた。実験群については、上清を除去した。対照群について、上清を回収した。その後、各実験群および対照群の細胞沈殿に、対照群から回収した上清を80μL、および、20μLトリパンブルー染色液(4mgトリパンブルーを1mLの9mg/mL NaClに溶解して調製)を加えて再懸濁することにより、トリパンブルーによって死細胞が青く染色される。この細胞懸濁液10μLを、血球計算盤(エルマ社)に滴下し、倍率100倍の顕微鏡下で全細胞と死細胞を計数した。この時、1枚の血球計算盤において一視野あたりおよそ100個前後の細胞を計数し、4視野から各々得られた細胞死生存率の平均を算出した。細胞生存率(%)の算出には下記式を用いた。
図13に示すように、DTCMグルタルイミド―C12が3.0μLの群では、培養時間に関わらずマウス骨髄細胞由来マクロファージの生存率は80%以上であった。一方、DTCMグルタルイミド―C12が10.0あるいは30.0μLの群では、培養時間に関わらずマウス骨髄細胞由来マクロファージの生存率は低下した。
本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドが、マウス骨髄由来マクロファージの破骨細胞分化を抑制することを示す。
本実施例では、DTCMグルタルイミドが癌細胞の生存率を低下させ、増殖を抑制する効果を有することを示す。
Claims (10)
- 請求項1に記載の医薬組成物を有効成分として含有する一酸化窒素(NO)産生阻害剤。
- 請求項1に記載の医薬組成物を有効成分として含有する誘導型一酸化窒素合成酵素(iNOS)発現阻害剤。
- 請求項1に記載の医薬組成物を有効成分として含有するシクロオキシゲナーゼ-2(COX-2)発現阻害剤。
- 請求項1に記載の医薬組成物を有効成分として含有するプロスタグランジン産生阻害剤。
- 請求項1に記載の医薬組成物を有効成分として含有する破骨細胞分化抑制剤。
- 誘導型一酸化窒素合成酵素(iNOS)またはシクロオキシゲナーゼ-2(COX-2)が介在する疾患の治療剤であって、
請求項1に記載の医薬組成物を有効成分として含有する治療剤。 - 前記疾患が、自己免疫性疾患、神経変性疾患、炎症性疾患、または腫瘍であることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の治療剤。
- リウマチ、変形性関節症、膠原病、バセドー氏病、パーキンソン病、アルツハイマー病、多発性硬化症、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、感染症、関節炎、発熱、腰痛症、月経困難症、歯周病、骨粗鬆症、骨がんであることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の治療剤。
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CN2009801319261A CN102123986B (zh) | 2008-06-25 | 2009-06-25 | 药物组合物 |
US13/000,442 US8524747B2 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2009-06-25 | Pharmaceutical compositions |
EP09770225.2A EP2308842B1 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2009-06-25 | DTCM glutarimide C-12 as iNOS and COX-2 inhibitor |
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Citations (4)
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US3435007A (en) * | 1964-12-24 | 1969-03-25 | Dow Chemical Co | Mercury derivative of glutarimide-beta-acetic acid |
JPH10120654A (ja) * | 1996-10-17 | 1998-05-12 | Ono Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 一酸化窒素合成酵素阻害剤 |
WO2007077861A1 (ja) * | 2006-01-05 | 2007-07-12 | Keio University | NF-κB阻害剤 |
JP2008166290A (ja) | 2008-02-04 | 2008-07-17 | Internatl Rectifier Corp | 単純化されたパッケージにおける混成安定器制御回路 |
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US7135575B2 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2006-11-14 | Array Biopharma, Inc. | P38 inhibitors and methods of use thereof |
GB0322409D0 (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2003-10-29 | Astrazeneca Ab | Quinazoline derivatives |
-
2009
- 2009-06-25 EP EP09770225.2A patent/EP2308842B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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US3435007A (en) * | 1964-12-24 | 1969-03-25 | Dow Chemical Co | Mercury derivative of glutarimide-beta-acetic acid |
JPH10120654A (ja) * | 1996-10-17 | 1998-05-12 | Ono Pharmaceut Co Ltd | 一酸化窒素合成酵素阻害剤 |
WO2007077861A1 (ja) * | 2006-01-05 | 2007-07-12 | Keio University | NF-κB阻害剤 |
JP2008166290A (ja) | 2008-02-04 | 2008-07-17 | Internatl Rectifier Corp | 単純化されたパッケージにおける混成安定器制御回路 |
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US20110213001A1 (en) | 2011-09-01 |
EP2308842A1 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
CN102123986A (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
EP2308842A4 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
US8524747B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
JP5504158B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
CN102123986B (zh) | 2013-08-28 |
EP2308842B1 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
JPWO2009157515A1 (ja) | 2011-12-15 |
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