WO2009157376A1 - カプシノイドを生合成する遺伝子改変植物 - Google Patents
カプシノイドを生合成する遺伝子改変植物 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a genetically modified plant in which the amount of biosynthesis of capsinoids has increased, a method for producing the genetically modified plant, a method for producing capsinoids from the genetically modified plant, and the like.
- Capsaicinoids (capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, etc.), which is a pungent component of pepper, promotes energy metabolism, stimulates the central nervous system, promotes hormone secretion, and activates lipolytic enzymes, and is therefore effective in preventing obesity. In addition, it has the function of sterilizing the gastrointestinal tract and strengthening immunity, and is effective in stimulating immunity and recovering from fatigue. However, capsaicinoids irritate the mucous membranes, and if taken in large quantities, the gastrointestinal tract may become unwell. In addition, there are many Japanese who are not good at pungent taste.
- Non-Patent Document 1 “CH-19 sweet” (variety registration No. 10375), a non-pungency fixed variety of pepper selected and fixed by Yazawa et al. As a low-pungency pepper, contains a large amount of novel capsinoids that do not exhibit a pungency. Have been reported (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1). Unlike capsaicinoids, compounds belonging to these capsinoids (fatty acid esters of vanillyl alcohol, capsiate, dihydrocapsiate, etc., hereinafter simply referred to as “capsinoids” or “capsinoids”) do not exhibit pungent taste. Has been reported to have an activation effect on energy, an energy metabolism activation action, an oxygen consumption enhancement action, and the like (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2 and Non-Patent Document 2). Application is expected.
- capsaicinoid is biosynthesized by branched chain fatty acid and capsaicinoid synthase (see FIG. 1 (a)).
- capsaicinoids are biosynthesized instead, but the reason has not been known for many years.
- capsinoids exhibit little pungent taste and exhibit excellent physiological activity similar to capsaicinoids, and are expected to be applied as raw materials for supplements and the like in the future. Therefore, it is desired to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of capsinoids and to breed and develop plants that can newly produce capsinoids.
- an object of the present invention is to elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of capsinoids, and based on this knowledge, genetic modification from plants other than CH-19 sweet, which is currently known to produce capsinoids Is to provide a plant having the ability to produce capsinoids.
- the present inventors have inserted into the pAMT gene, which is a gene encoding an aminotransferase that catalyzes a transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine in CH-19 sweet.
- pAMT gene is a gene encoding an aminotransferase that catalyzes a transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine in CH-19 sweet.
- a stop codon is generated due to a single base insertion mutation in the coding region of the pAMT gene of its parent varieties “CH-19 spicy”, and no functional aminotransferase is produced. Became clear.
- the present inventors in CH-19 sweet, dominated the reduction reaction from vanillin to vanillyl alcohol in place of the transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine. It was hypothesized that capsinoids were formed as a result of the esterification reaction with fatty acids (see FIG. 1 (b)).
- the present inventors produced a transgenic plant in which an antisense nucleic acid of pAMT was introduced into Takatsutsume, a pungent variety.
- the capsaicinoid production was greatly increased in the line in which the expression of the pAMT gene was significantly reduced while the capsaicinoid production was reduced.
- the present inventors have completed the present invention.
- the present invention is as follows: [1] A genetically modified plant having the ability to produce capsinoids, characterized in that the expression or activity of an enzyme that catalyzes a transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine is reduced compared to a wild strain; [2] The plant according to [1] above, wherein the enzyme is a pAMT gene product; [3] The decrease in expression or activity of the enzyme is due to destruction or mutation of the enzyme gene, degradation or translational inhibition of the gene transcript, or inhibition of the action of the enzyme on vanillin [1] Or the plant according to [2]; [4] The plant according to any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the wild strain has a capsaicinoid biosynthesis system; [5] The plant according to [4] above, wherein the wild strain is a plant belonging to the genus Capsicum; [6] In a plant having a capsaicinoid biosynthesis system, a gene-modified plant having the ability to produce capsinoids
- the present invention makes it possible to increase the production of capsinoids even in plant species that do not substantially produce capsinoids or produce only a small amount.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the synthetic
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram of a Ti-plasmid vector, pIG121-Hm, in which the pAMT gene is inserted in the antisense direction.
- M is a marker
- C is a control (Takanotsume into which no gene has been introduced), and each number represents a selected transformed red pepper individual.
- the present invention provides a genetically modified plant having the ability to produce capsinoids in which the expression or activity of an enzyme that catalyzes a transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine is reduced as compared to a wild strain.
- wild strain means a plant to be subjected to genetic modification of the present invention.
- Wild strains that can be used in the present invention include enzymes necessary for capsaicinoid biosynthesis (eg, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydrolase (Ca4H), coumaric acid 3-hydrolase (Ca3H), caffeic acid O).
- PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase
- Ca4H cinnamic acid 4-hydrolase
- Ca3H coumaric acid 3-hydrolase
- caffeic acid O caffeic acid O
- These enzyme groups may be those originally possessed by the plant, or one or more of those enzymes may be provided by expression of a foreign gene.
- the wild strain that can be used in the present invention is a plant originally having capsaicinoid biosynthesis ability, more preferably a plant belonging to the genus Capsicum, such as C. annuum (Takanotsume, CH-19 spicy).
- C. baccatum e.g. Ahi Amarillo
- C. chinense e.g. Habanero, Boot Jolokia
- C. frutescens e.g. Capsicum
- C. pubescens e.g. Rokoto
- the enzyme that catalyzes the transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine is not particularly limited as long as it is a protein having the aminotransferase activity produced by the wild strain and can use vanillin as a substrate, but preferably habanero
- the pAMT protein of the present invention (also referred to as pAMT gene product) comprises the same or substantially the same amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the “substantially identical amino acid sequence” means a natural allelic variant, genetic polymorphism, or other plant varieties of the p-19MT-derived pAMT protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. It means the amino acid sequence of an ortholog.
- orthologs of pAMT in other plant varieties include habanero-derived pAMT (Refseq No. AAC78480), rice GABA aminotransferase (Refseq No. AAQ14479), tomato GABA aminotransferase (Refseq No. AAO92257) and the like. It is done.
- substantially identical amino acid sequence is 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, and most preferably 97% or more similarity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 (preferably , Identity).
- similarity refers to an optimal alignment when two amino acid sequences are aligned using a mathematical algorithm known in the art (preferably, the algorithm uses a sequence of sequences for optimal alignment). The percentage of identical and similar amino acid residues relative to all overlapping amino acid residues in which one or both of the gaps can be considered).
- the present invention is at least partially in common with the enzyme group constituting the capsaicinoid biosynthesis system, except that the capsinoid biosynthesis system enzyme group catalyzes the reduction reaction from vanillin to vanillyl alcohol.
- the amount ratio of capsinoid and capsaicinoid produced is based on the discovery that the above reduction reaction and the transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine depend on which reaction proceeds more dominantly. Therefore, by reducing the expression or activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine, the reduction reaction from vanillin to vanillyl alcohol becomes more dominant, resulting in the production of capsinoids. Performance can be improved.
- “Expression” of an enzyme that catalyzes a transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine means that a translation product (ie, a protein) is produced from a gene encoding the enzyme (eg, pAMT gene) and is functional. It means to localize at its site of action.
- the expression “decreased expression” of the enzyme means a state in which the protein amount of the enzyme present in the plant body of the genetically modified plant is significantly decreased as compared with that in the wild strain. Therefore, the genetic modification that reduces the expression of the enzyme can be performed at any stage such as, for example, gene level, transcription level, post-transcriptional regulation level, translation level, post-translational modification level.
- genetic modifications that suppress enzyme expression at the gene level include disruption of the enzyme gene and introduction of a function-deficient mutation.
- the “function-deficient mutation” may be a mutation that reduces the activity of the enzyme to such an extent that the production of capsinoid is significantly increased in the genetically modified plant as compared with the wild type strain. It is not necessary to lose activity.
- These genetic modifications can be achieved by an enzyme gene knockout (or knockin) technique using homologous recombination.
- the enzyme gene (genomic DNA) derived from a plant to be genetically modified (ie, a wild strain) is isolated according to a conventional method (for example, in the case of pAMT gene, SEQ ID NO: A colony or plaque hybridization method from a genomic DNA library prepared from a genomic DNA isolated from a wild strain, using as a probe a nucleic acid containing all or part of the base sequence of p-19M cDNA derived from CH-19 spp.
- PAMT genomic DNA can be cloned by, for example, (1) exon by inserting another DNA fragment (for example, a selectable marker gene such as drug resistance gene or reporter gene) into the exon part or promoter region.
- a DNA sequence for example, a polyadenylation signal
- a method in which a DNA strand (targeting vector) having a DNA sequence constructed so as to be activated is incorporated into a wild-type enzyme locus by homologous recombination can be preferably used.
- the selectable marker gene is preferably in the form of an expression cassette containing any promoter capable of functioning in the cells of the target plant, but inserted so that the gene is under the control of the endogenous promoter of the target enzyme gene.
- the selectable marker gene does not require a promoter.
- gene recombination in plants is mostly non-homologous, and the introduced DNA is randomly inserted at any position on the chromosome. Therefore, depending on selection such as detection of drug resistance and reporter gene expression, it is not possible to efficiently select only clones targeted to the target enzyme gene by homologous recombination. It is necessary to confirm the integration site by hybridization or PCR.
- HSV-tk herpes simplex virus-derived thymidine kinase
- a diphtheria toxin gene is linked instead of the HSV-tk gene
- cells into which the vector has been randomly inserted will be killed by the toxin produced by the vector, so that homologous recombinants can be removed in the absence of a drug.
- the presence of the introduced DNA can be confirmed by subjecting some of the emerged resistant colonies to PCR or Southern hybridization.
- Another genetic modification that suppresses enzyme expression at the gene level is the introduction of a function-deficient mutation into the enzyme gene by mutagen treatment.
- Any mutagen treatment can be used as long as it induces point mutation, deletion or frameshift mutation in wild-type DNA.
- Specific examples include treatment with ethyl nitrosourea, nitrosoguanidine, benzopyrene, acridine dye, irradiation with radiation, and the like.
- Various alkylating agents and carcinogens can also be used as mutagens. Examples of methods for allowing mutagens to act on cells are described in, for example, tissue culture technology, 3rd edition (Asakura Shoten), edited by the Japanese Society for Tissue Culture (1996), Nature Genetics, 314 (2000), etc.
- a function-deficient mutant of an enzyme gene can be selected using the amount of target protein as an index.
- Western blot analysis can be performed using a polyclonal antibody of pAMT protein to examine the amount of pAMT protein.
- Examples of the gene modification that suppresses the expression of the enzyme at the translation level include introduction of a nucleic acid having an activity of degrading the transcript of the enzyme gene, or a nucleic acid that suppresses translation of the transcript into the enzyme protein.
- Examples of such a nucleic acid include a nucleic acid containing a base sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to the base sequence of the enzyme mRNA or a part thereof.
- the base sequence substantially complementary to the base sequence of the mRNA of the target enzyme has complementarity that can bind to the target sequence of the mRNA and inhibit its translation under physiological conditions in the target plant.
- base sequence specifically, for example, about 80% or more, preferably about the base sequence completely complementary to the base sequence of the mRNA (that is, the base sequence of the complementary strand of the mRNA) Is a nucleotide sequence having a similarity of about 90% or more, more preferably about 95% or more, and most preferably about 97% or more.
- NCBI BLAST National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
- the base sequence complementary or substantially complementary to the base sequence of pAMT mRNA includes (a) the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 or (b) the base A base sequence that hybridizes with a sequence under stringent conditions, and is complementary or substantially complementary to a sequence encoding a protein having the same activity as the protein consisting of the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the stringent conditions include, for example, the conditions described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, John Wiley and Sons, 6.3.1-6.3.6, 1999, for example, 6 ⁇ SSC (sodium chloride / sodium citrate) / 45 ° C. Hybridization, followed by one or more washes at 0.2 ⁇ SSC / 0.1% SDS / 50 to 65 ° C., those skilled in the art will know the conditions for hybridization that will give the same stringency. It can be selected appropriately.
- the pAMT mRNA is preferably a CH-19 spicy pAMT mRNA comprising the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, or their orthologs in other plant varieties (for example, pAMT from Habanero (Refseq No. AF085149), GABA aminotransferase (Refseq No. AF297651) and tomato GABA aminotransferase (Refseq No. AY240231), etc.) and their natural allelic variants and gene polymorphisms.
- Part of a base sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to the base sequence of the target enzyme mRNA means that the target enzyme mRNA can be specifically bound and the protein is translated from the mRNA.
- the length and position of the target sequence are not particularly limited as long as they can be inhibited. However, from the viewpoint of sequence specificity, at least 10 bases, preferably about 15 bases, are complementary or substantially complementary to the target sequence. More preferably, it contains about 20 bases or more.
- a nucleic acid containing a base sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to the base sequence of the target enzyme mRNA or a part thereof is preferably exemplified by any of the following (a) to (c): Is done.
- (a) Antisense RNA against mRNA of target enzyme (b) iRNA against target enzyme mRNA (interfering RNA) (c) Ribozyme for target enzyme mRNA
- the “antisense RNA” in the present invention is a nucleic acid comprising a base sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to the base sequence of the target mRNA or a part thereof, and is a duplex that is specific and stable with the target mRNA. It has a function to suppress protein synthesis by forming and binding.
- the length of the target region of the antisense RNA is not particularly limited as long as the antisense RNA hybridizes, and as a result, the translation from the target mRNA to the enzyme protein is inhibited.
- the entire sequence or partial sequence of mRNA may be a short sequence of about 10 bases, and the long sequence may be the entire sequence of mRNA.
- the antisense RNA of the present invention not only hybridizes with mRNA of a target enzyme and inhibits translation into a protein, but also binds to a gene of the enzyme that is a double-stranded DNA to form a triplex. May be formed (antigene) that can inhibit transcription to RNA.
- RNA interference in which double-stranded RNA is introduced into a cell and its complementary mRNA is degraded, has been known in nematodes, insects, plants, etc.
- RNAi Designer RNAi Designer
- Invitrogen RNAi Designer
- Ribozyme against mRNA of target enzyme The most versatile ribozyme is self-splicing RNA found in infectious RNA such as viroid and virusoid, and hammerhead type and hairpin type are known.
- the hammerhead type exhibits enzyme activity at about 40 bases, and several bases at both ends adjacent to the part that takes the hammerhead structure (about 10 bases in total) are made complementary to the desired cleavage site of mRNA. By doing so, it is possible to specifically cleave only the target mRNA.
- This type of ribozyme has the additional advantage of not attacking genomic DNA since it only uses RNA as a substrate.
- the target sequence is made single-stranded by using a hybrid ribozyme linked with an RNA motif derived from a viral nucleic acid that can specifically bind to an RNA helicase.
- a hybrid ribozyme in which a sequence modified with tRNA is further linked can be used [Nucleic Acids Res., 29 (13): 2780-2788 (2001)].
- the antisense RNA against the mRNA of the target enzyme has a relatively long antisense RNA of, for example, 100 bp or more
- the cDNA of the target enzyme is cloned according to a conventional method and used as it is or with an appropriate restriction enzyme. And then fragmenting to a desired length including the desired region, and then ligating in the antisense direction downstream of a promoter that can function in the cells of the target plant.
- the antisense RNA is relatively short, for example, 100 bp or less, it can be chemically synthesized using a commercially available DNA / RNA automatic synthesizer.
- the DNA encoding the iRNA for the mRNA of the target enzyme is prepared by amplifying the target sequence on the mRNA (for example, about 200 to 500 bases) by RT-PCR to prepare a double-stranded DNA, and then using a restriction enzyme and a ligase, Two such double-stranded DNAs can be ligated in the sense orientation and the antisense orientation via an appropriate linker sequence to construct a DNA encoding a hairpin dsRNA.
- the linker sequence is not particularly limited in its sequence or length as long as it can form a loop that can form a hairpin dsRNA when the constructed DNA is transcribed, but for example, a ⁇ -glucuronidase gene is used.
- a DNA encoding a ribozyme for the target enzyme mRNA can be prepared by synthesizing a DNA having the designed ribozyme base sequence using a DNA / RNA automatic synthesizer.
- a nucleic acid containing a base sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to the base sequence of the mRNA of the target enzyme or a part thereof may be introduced into the target plant by any genetic engineering technique, for example, so as to contain the nucleic acid.
- the genetically modified plant of the present invention is obtained by transforming a cell of the wild strain with an expression vector containing the nucleic acid under the control of a promoter that can function in the target plant (wild strain) cell. It is a transgenic plant.
- Promoters that can function in wild-type cells can be appropriately selected according to the plant species used as wild-type strains, but are generally gene promoters that are constitutively expressed in plant cells, preferably constitutively derived from plants or plant viruses. Examples thereof include promoters (for example, cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter, CaMV 19S promoter, NOS promoter, etc.), promoters endogenous to wild-type target enzyme genes, and the like.
- CaMV cauliflower mosaic virus
- transcription of a nucleic acid containing a base sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to the base sequence of mRNA of the target enzyme or a part thereof is controlled by a promoter that can function in wild type cells. So that it is located downstream of the promoter. It is preferable that a transcription termination signal (terminator region) that can function in wild-type cells is further added downstream of the nucleic acid sequence. Examples of such terminator include NOS (nopaline synthase) gene terminator.
- the expression vector of the present invention may further contain a cis-regulatory element such as an enhancer sequence.
- the expression vector is a marker gene for selecting a transformant such as a drug resistance gene marker, such as neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene, hygromycin synphosphotransferase (HPT) phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT). It is desirable to further include a gene, a glyphosate resistant gene, and the like.
- the expression vector contains an origin of replication that allows autonomous replication in E. coli and a selectable marker gene in E.
- the expression vector of the present invention can be conveniently constructed by inserting an expression cassette of the above nucleic acid and, if necessary, a selectable marker gene into the cloning site of a pUC or pBR E. coli vector.
- T- on the Ti or Ri plasmid held by the bacteria is used.
- the nucleic acid expression cassette can be inserted into a DNA region (region that is transferred to a plant chromosome).
- a standard method for transformation by the Agrobacterium method uses a binary vector system. The functions required for T-DNA transfer are supplied independently from both the T-DNA itself and the Ti (or Ri) plasmid, and each component can be split on separate vectors.
- the binary plasmid has 25 bp border sequences at both ends necessary for excision and integration of T-DNA, and the plant hormone gene causing crown gall (or hairy root) has been removed, and at the same time, there is room for insertion of foreign genes. ing.
- binary vectors for example, pBI101 and pBI121 (both CLONTECH) are commercially available. Note that the vir domain that acts on T-DNA integration is located on another Ti (or Ri) plasmid called a helper plasmid and acts on trans.
- protoplasts are isolated from cells of a target plant by treatment with cell wall degrading enzymes such as cellulase and hemicellulase, and polyethylene glycol is added to a suspension of the protoplasts and an expression vector containing the expression cassette of the pAMT gene to obtain endocytosis.
- cell wall degrading enzymes such as cellulase and hemicellulase
- a micropipette As a means for gene introduction into intact cells with cell walls, a micropipette is inserted into the cell, and vector DNA in the pipette is injected into the cell by hydraulic pressure or gas pressure, and micro metal particles coated with DNA
- a direct introduction method such as a particle gun method that accelerates the explosives using explosives and gas pressure, and introduces them into cells
- a method that uses infection by Agrobacterium Microinjection requires the skill of operation and has the disadvantage that the number of cells that can be handled is small. Therefore, in consideration of the ease of operation, it is preferable to transform plants by the Agrobacterium method and the particle gun method.
- the particle gun method is further useful in that a gene can be directly introduced into the apical meristem of a plant under cultivation.
- a plant vector for example, a genomic DNA of a gemini virus such as tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) is simultaneously inserted into a binary vector between border sequences, so that an arbitrary site of a plant being cultivated can be detected.
- TGMV tomato golden mosaic virus
- each of the above-described transformation methods and microinjection methods using protoplasts can select a redifferentiated plant from a single cell, so that a homogeneous transgenic plant having the pAMT gene introduced into all cells is obtained. It can be said that it is an excellent transformation means from the viewpoint.
- a method for introducing a target nucleic acid by Agrobacterium and regenerating a transformed cell into a plant body in a Capsicum plant is shown below, but this is merely an example, and the genetically modified plant of the present invention The production method is not limited to this.
- the seeds of the pepper plant are sterilized and then sown in an appropriate seed germination medium (eg, MS medium, LS medium, B5 medium, etc.) and cultivated aseptically.
- an appropriate seed germination medium eg, MS medium, LS medium, B5 medium, etc.
- Agrobacterium transformed with a plasmid having a target nucleic acid connected to a promoter and having a kanamycin resistance gene and a hygromycin resistance gene is cultured, and diluted with an appropriate medium to prepare an Agrobacterium solution.
- desired plant hormones for example, auxins such as IAA and NAA, cytokinins such as kinetin and benzyladenine
- the cells are transferred to an added selective medium (eg, MS medium, LS medium, B5 medium, etc.) and cultured at 20-30 ° C.
- the obtained kanamycin- and hygromycin-resistant callus and seedlings are transplanted into a redifferentiation (rooting) medium (eg, MS medium, LS medium, B5 medium, etc.) to which benzyladenine is added as necessary to regenerate ( Rooting) is induced to obtain seedlings.
- a redifferentiation (rooting) medium eg, MS medium, LS medium, B5 medium, etc.
- Rooting benzyladenine is added as necessary to regenerate
- the seedlings are transplanted to soil and acclimatized, and cultivated in a controlled greenhouse such as Biotron. Seeds and fruits can be obtained from the transformant thus obtained.
- Genomic DNA is extracted from the above transformant according to a conventional method, this DNA is cleaved with an appropriate restriction enzyme, Southern hybridization is performed using the introduced target nucleic acid as a probe, and the presence or absence of transformation can be confirmed. it can.
- a primer that specifically amplifies the target nucleic acid can be synthesized, and the presence or absence of transformation can be confirmed by PCR.
- RNA can be extracted from the transformant and non-transformant according to a conventional method, and the change in the expression level of the target enzyme mRNA can be examined by quantitative RT-PCR, Northern hybridization, and the like.
- a protein is extracted from a transformant or a non-transformant according to a conventional method, and an antibody against the target enzyme is used to change the expression level of the protein of the target enzyme by immunoassay (RIA method, ELISA method, FIA method, etc. ).
- RIA method ELISA method
- FIA method FIA method
- the expression level of the target enzyme at the RNA level or protein level is measured and compared between the transformant and the non-transformant, so that the expression of the target enzyme is wild in the transgenic plant.
- the target genetically modified plant can be obtained by confirming that it is lower than that of the strain.
- Plants that differentiate from seeds obtained by self-pollination of the transgenic plants thus obtained have decreased target enzyme expression compared to the wild type, resulting in increased capsinoid production capacity compared to the wild type.
- the appearance ratio of the improved ability to produce capsinoids in a plant that differentiates from R1 seeds obtained by self-pollination of the redifferentiated generation (R0) plant usually follows Mendel's law. For example, when the nucleic acid of interest is heterozygously integrated at one locus, the improved capsinoid-producing ability is separated at a ratio of 3: 1 in R1 seed.
- R2 seeds obtained by cultivating R1 plants differentiated from R1 seeds and having improved capsinoid-producing ability and self-pollinated the improved capsinoid-producing ability is retained in all seeds
- the R1 plant is homozygous for the introduced nucleic acid, and if the improved capsinoid-producing ability is separated 3: 1, the R1 plant is heterozygous for the introduced nucleic acid. Can be determined.
- the genetically modified plant that is selected in this way and is homozygous for the introduced nucleic acid is extremely useful as a line in which improved capsinoid-producing ability is fixed. Since capsinoids accumulate in fruits (fruit skin, placenta, etc.), in order to know capsinoid production ability at an earlier stage, it is desirable to use the expression or activity of the target enzyme that is also expressed in tissues such as leaves as an index. .
- the genetic modification that inhibits the activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine is not particularly limited as long as it is known, but for example, introduction of an antibody gene and dominant negative mutant gene for the enzyme Etc.
- the antibody gene encodes a single-chain antibody produced by genetic engineering such as scFv, scFv-Fc, minibody, diabody, etc. so as to avoid barriers such as assembly efficiency of heavy and light chains in plants. It is desirable to be a thing.
- Such an antibody is prepared by producing an antibody-producing hybridoma from a mouse immunized with a target enzyme protein or a fragment thereof by a conventional method, and cloning the antibody gene from the cell by a conventional method, and appropriately fragmenting the fragment via a linker DNA. It can be prepared by linking.
- Dominant negative mutant refers to a mutant whose activity has been reduced by introducing a mutation into the target enzyme.
- the dominant negative mutant can indirectly inhibit its function by competing with the target enzyme endogenous to the wild strain for the substrate vanillin.
- the dominant negative mutant can be prepared by introducing a mutation into a nucleic acid encoding a target gene. Examples of the mutation include an amino acid mutation (for example, deletion, substitution, or addition of one or more amino acids) that causes a decrease in the function of the functional site.
- the dominant negative mutant can be prepared by a method known per se using PCR or a known kit.
- a method of obtaining a transgenic plant by introducing DNA encoding an antibody gene or a dominant negative mutant into a target plant is a base sequence complementary to or substantially complementary to the base sequence of mRNA of the target enzyme or a part thereof.
- a method similar to that described above for the introduction of a nucleic acid containing can be preferably used.
- the target enzyme activity is lower than that of the wild strain.
- the target enzyme activity is measured and compared between the transformant and the non-transformant.
- Genetically modified plants can be obtained. For example, when the target enzyme is pAMT, protein is extracted from placenta, flowers, etc., vanillin is added to the extract and incubated for a certain period of time, and then the generated vanillylamine is quantified by HPLC or the like, thereby increasing the enzyme activity. You can investigate.
- the genetically modified plant having a reduced expression or activity of the enzyme that catalyzes the transamination reaction from vanillin to vanillylamine, compared to the wild strain, has a capsinoid-producing ability higher than that of the wild strain. It is increasing. “Increased productivity” may be a further increase in the ability to produce capsinoids relative to a wild strain that originally has the ability to produce capsinoids. A plant that has not been recognized may newly acquire the production ability.
- the present invention also provides a method for producing capsinoids by recovering capsinoids from the genetically modified plant of the present invention.
- a method for recovering capsinoids any known method may be used.
- JP-A-11-246478, JP-A-2002-226445, JP-A-2004-018428 Although the method described in the international publication WO2005 / 122787 publication pamphlet and / or the international publication 2006/043601 publication pamphlet can be used, it is not limited to these.
- Example 1 Production of pAMT Gene Expression Suppressed Transformed Capsicum
- the pAMT gene amplified by RT-PCR from cDNA extracted from CH-19 sweet was inserted in the GUS region of Ti-plasmid vector pIG121-Hm in the antisense direction ( Figure 2).
- This plasmid was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 strain and used for transformation of pepper.
- Takatsume seeds were surface sterilized with 70% ethanol for 1 minute and 2% sodium hypochlorite for 15 minutes, rinsed 3 times with sterile water and sown in MS medium.
- the cotyledons germinated after 10 days were cut out and placed in an MS medium containing 10 mg / l benzyladenine (BA).
- BA mg / l benzyladenine
- the cells were immersed in an Agrobacterium solution cultured for 24 hours in a YEP medium containing 50 mg / l kanamycin and 50 mg / l hygromycin.
- a YEP medium containing 50 mg / l kanamycin and 50 mg / l hygromycin.
- leaf pieces were placed on a sterilized filter paper, and then placed again in MS medium containing 10 mg / l benzyladenine (BA). After co-cultivation for 3 days in the dark, the leaf pieces were transplanted into MS medium (selection medium) containing 10 mg / l BA, 50 mg / l kanamycin and 300 mg / l carbenicillin, 16 hours long, 25 Culturing was performed at 0 ° C.
- MS medium selection medium
- the selection medium was transplanted to a new medium every 10 days to 2 weeks.
- Shoots that had been redifferentiated one to two months after the start of selection were transplanted to MS medium (rooting medium) containing 50 mg / l kanamycin and 300 mg / l carbenicillin to induce rooting.
- 16 rooted plants were transplanted into soil and cultivated in Biotron.
- DNA was extracted from the leaf pieces of the selected individuals, and genomic PCR analysis was performed using primers that amplify the NPTII gene in the vector. PCR products were electrophoresed on a 1.5% agarose gel and stained with ethidium bromide. As a result, it was found that the NPTII gene was introduced into the selected individuals (FIG. 3).
- Example 2 Measurement of capsiate and capsaicin content of transformed capsicum Fruits were collected from 16 strains of transformed capsicum and Takatsume without the gene introduced, and capsiate and capsaicin content were measured according to a conventional method. As a result, it was found that three transformed peppers (TG-3, 8 and 14) contained a larger amount of capsiate than the control Takanome. TG-3 and TG-8 had a lower capsaicin content than other strains (FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b)).
- Example 3 Transcriptional expression analysis of pAMT gene in transformed pepper fruit RNA was extracted from the fruit of a strain having a high capsiate content, and RT-PCR analysis was performed on the transcription amount of the endogenous pAMT gene.
- RT-PCR analysis was performed on the transcription amount of the endogenous pAMT gene.
- the transcriptional expression of the pAMT gene was suppressed.
- the transcriptional expression of the endogenous pAMT gene was not suppressed in the strain in which the capsiate content was not high even when the gene was introduced (FIG. 5). From the above results, it was found that by suppressing the expression of the pAMT gene, the plant can be modified to artificially synthesize capsiate.
- Example 4 Analysis of the amount of pAMT protein in transformed pepper fruit
- the full length of the pAMT gene isolated from CH-19 was inserted into the multicloning site of the expression system vector (pColdI vector, Takara Bio Inc.) in Escherichia coli. did.
- the obtained vector was transformed into Chaperon Competent Cell BL21 (Takara Bio Inc.).
- the cells were cultured with shaking at 37 ° C. for 10 hours in 500 ml of LB medium containing 20 mg / l chloramphenicol, 50 mg / l ampicillin, 10 ⁇ l / l tetracycline, and 1 g / l L-arabinose.
- capsinoids it is possible to produce capsinoids from a plant that has not produced capsinoids or produced a low amount, and is expected to be applied in various fields such as pharmaceuticals and health foods.
- Capsinoids are useful in that they can be provided at low cost and in large quantities.
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Abstract
Description
本発明者らは、かかる仮説を立証すべく、辛味品種であるタカノツメにpAMTのアンチセンス核酸を導入したトランスジェニック植物を作製した。得られたトランスジェニック植物のうち、pAMT遺伝子の発現が顕著に低下した系統では、カプサイシノイドの産生が低下する一方、カプシノイドの産生が大きく増大していることを見出した。
本発明者らは、これらの知見に基づいてさらに研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。
[1]野生株と比べて、バニリンからバニリルアミンへのアミノ基転移反応を触媒する酵素の発現または活性が低下していることを特徴とする、カプシノイド類産生能を有する遺伝子改変植物;
[2]前記酵素がpAMT遺伝子産物である、上記[1]に記載の植物;
[3]前記酵素の発現または活性の低下が、該酵素遺伝子の破壊もしくは変異、該遺伝子転写産物の分解もしくは翻訳抑制、または該酵素のバニリンへの作用の阻害によるものである、上記[1]または[2]に記載の植物;
[4]野生株がカプサイシノイド生合成系を有する、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の植物;
[5]野生株がトウガラシ属に属する植物である、上記[4]に記載の植物;
[6]カプサイシノイド生合成系を有する植物において、バニリンからバニリルアミンへのアミノ基転移反応を触媒する酵素の発現または活性を低下せしめる遺伝子改変を行うことを含む、カプシノイド類産生能を有する遺伝子改変植物の作出方法;
[7]遺伝子改変が、前記酵素遺伝子に対するアンチセンスRNA、iRNA、リボザイムもしくはドミナントネガティブ変異体をコードするDNAの導入、ノックアウト法もしくは変異原処理による該遺伝子の破壊、および該酵素に対する抗体をコードする遺伝子の導入からなる群より選択される、上記[6]に記載の方法;
[8]前記酵素がpAMT遺伝子産物である、上記[6]または[7]に記載の方法;
[9]カプサイシノイド生合成系を有する植物がトウガラシ属に属する、上記[6]~[8]のいずれかに記載の方法;および
[10]上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の植物の果実からカプシノイド類を回収することを含む、カプシノイド類の製造方法。
酵素遺伝子をノックアウトする具体的な手段としては、遺伝子改変の対象となる植物(即ち、野生株)由来の該酵素遺伝子(ゲノムDNA)を常法に従って単離し(例えば、pAMT遺伝子の場合、配列番号1に示されるCH-19辛由来のpAMT cDNAの塩基配列の全部もしくは一部を含む核酸をプローブとして、野生株から単離したゲノムDNAより作製したゲノムDNAライブラリーから、コロニーもしくはプラークハイブリダイゼーション法によりpAMTゲノムDNAをクローン化することができる)、例えば、(1)そのエキソン部分やプロモーター領域に他のDNA断片(例えば、薬剤耐性遺伝子やレポーター遺伝子等の選択マーカー遺伝子)を挿入することによりエキソンもしくはプロモーターの機能を破壊するか、(2)Cre-loxP系やFlp-frt系を用いて酵素遺伝子の全部または一部を切り出して該遺伝子を欠失させるか、(3)蛋白質コード領域内へ終止コドンを挿入して完全な蛋白質の翻訳を不能にするか、あるいは(4)転写領域内部へ遺伝子の転写を終結させるDNA配列(例えば、ポリアデニル化シグナルなど)を挿入して、完全なmRNAの合成を不能にすることによって、結果的に遺伝子を不活性化するように構築したDNA配列を有するDNA鎖(ターゲッティングベクター)を、相同組換えにより野生株の酵素遺伝子座に組み込ませる方法などが好ましく用いられ得る。
選択マーカー遺伝子は、対象植物の細胞内で機能し得る任意のプロモーターを含む発現カセットの形態であることが好ましいが、該遺伝子が標的酵素遺伝子の内在性プロモーターの制御下におかれるように挿入される場合、選択マーカー遺伝子にはプロモーターを必要としない。
標的酵素のmRNAの塩基配列と実質的に相補的な塩基配列とは、対象植物体内の生理的条件下において、該mRNAの標的配列に結合してその翻訳を阻害し得る程度の相補性を有する塩基配列を意味し、具体的には、例えば、該mRNAの塩基配列と完全相補的な塩基配列(すなわち、mRNAの相補鎖の塩基配列)と、オーバーラップする領域に関して、約80%以上、好ましくは約90%以上、より好ましくは約95%以上、最も好ましくは約97%以上の類似性を有する塩基配列である。本発明における「塩基配列の類似性」は、相同性計算アルゴリズムNCBI BLAST(National Center for Biotechnology Information Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)を用い、以下の条件(期待値=10;ギャップを許す;フィルタリング=ON;マッチスコア=1;ミスマッチスコア=-3)にて計算することができる。
(a) 標的酵素のmRNAに対するアンチセンスRNA
(b) 標的酵素のmRNAに対するiRNA(interfering RNA)
(c) 標的酵素のmRNAに対するリボザイム
本発明における「アンチセンスRNA」とは、標的mRNAの塩基配列と相補的もしくは実質的に相補的な塩基配列またはその一部を含む核酸であって、標的mRNAと特異的かつ安定した二重鎖を形成して結合することにより、タンパク質合成を抑制する機能を有するものである。アンチセンスRNAの標的領域は、該アンチセンスRNAがハイブリダイズすることにより、結果として標的mRNAから酵素蛋白質への翻訳が阻害されるものであればその長さに特に制限はなく、該酵素をコードするmRNAの全配列であっても部分配列であってもよく、短いもので約10塩基程度、長いものでmRNAの全配列が挙げられる。
さらに、本発明のアンチセンスRNAは、標的酵素のmRNAとハイブリダイズしてタンパク質への翻訳を阻害するだけでなく、二本鎖DNAである該酵素の遺伝子と結合して三重鎖(トリプレックス)を形成し、RNAへの転写を阻害し得るもの(アンチジーン)であってもよい。
本明細書においては、標的酵素のmRNAに相補的なオリゴRNAとその相補鎖とからなる二本鎖RNA、いわゆるiRNAもまた、標的酵素のmRNAの塩基配列と相補的もしくは実質的に相補的な塩基配列またはその一部を含む核酸に包含されるものとして定義される。二本鎖RNAを細胞内に導入するとそのRNAに相補的なmRNAが分解される、いわゆるRNA干渉(RNAi)と呼ばれる現象は、以前から線虫、昆虫、植物等で知られていたが、この現象が動物細胞でも広く起こることが確認されて以来[Nature, 411(6836): 494-498 (2001)]、リボザイムの代替技術として汎用されている。iRNAは標的となるmRNAの塩基配列情報に基づいて、市販のソフトウェア(例:RNAi Designer;Invitrogen)を用いて適宜設計することができる。
リボザイムとして最も汎用性の高いものとしては、ウイロイドやウイルソイド等の感染性RNAに見られるセルフスプライシングRNAがあり、ハンマーヘッド型やヘアピン型等が知られている。ハンマーヘッド型は約40塩基程度で酵素活性を発揮し、ハンマーヘッド構造をとる部分に隣接する両端の数塩基ずつ(合わせて約10塩基程度)をmRNAの所望の切断部位と相補的な配列にすることにより、標的mRNAのみを特異的に切断することが可能である。このタイプのリボザイムは、RNAのみを基質とするので、ゲノムDNAを攻撃することがないというさらなる利点を有する。標的酵素のmRNAが自身で二本鎖構造をとる場合には、RNAヘリカーゼと特異的に結合し得るウイルス核酸由来のRNAモチーフを連結したハイブリッドリボザイムを用いることにより、標的配列を一本鎖にすることができる[Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 98(10): 5572-5577 (2001)]。さらに、細胞質への移行を促進するために、tRNAを改変した配列をさらに連結したハイブリッドリボザイムとすることもできる[Nucleic Acids Res., 29(13): 2780-2788 (2001)]。
標的酵素のmRNAに対するiRNAをコードするDNAは、mRNA上の標的配列(例えば200~500塩基程度)をRT-PCRにより増幅して2本鎖DNAを調製した後、制限酵素およびリガーゼを用いて、2つの該2本鎖DNAを適当なリンカー配列を介してセンスの向きとアンチセンスの向きとに連結して、ヘアピン型dsRNAをコードするDNAとして構築することができる。リンカー配列は、構築されたDNAが転写された際にヘアピン型dsRNAを形成し得るようなループを形成しうる限り、その配列や長さに特に制限はないが、例えば、β-グルクロニダーゼ遺伝子のようなレポーター遺伝子をリンカー配列として用いると、ヘアピン型dsRNAからのiRNAの切り出しを該レポーター遺伝子の発現を検出することによりモニターすることができる。
標的酵素のmRNAに対するリボザイムをコードするDNAは、デザインされたリボザイムの塩基配列を有するDNAを、DNA/RNA自動合成機を用いて合成することにより調製することができる。
好ましくは、本発明の遺伝子改変植物は、対象植物(野生株)細胞で機能し得るプロモーターの制御下にある上記核酸を含む発現ベクターで、該野生株の細胞を形質転換することにより得られる、トランスジェニック植物である。
さらに、大量調製および精製を容易にするために、該発現ベクターは、大腸菌での自律複製を可能にする複製起点および大腸菌での選択マーカー遺伝子(例えばアンピシリン耐性遺伝子、テトラサイクリン耐性遺伝子等)を含むことが望ましい。本発明の発現ベクターは、簡便には、pUC系またはpBR系の大腸菌ベクターのクローニング部位に上記核酸の発現カセットと必要に応じて選択マーカー遺伝子を挿入することにより構築することができる。
トウガラシ植物の種子を滅菌後、適当な種子発芽用培地(例、MS培地、LS培地、B5培地など)に播種し、無菌的に栽培する。一方で、プロモーターに目的核酸が接続され、且つカナマイシン耐性遺伝子およびハイグロマイシン耐性遺伝子を有するプラスミドにより形質転換したアグロバクテリウムを培養し、適当な培地で希釈してアグロバクテリウム液を調製する。発芽した子葉をアグロバクテリウム液に約10分間程度浸漬した後、所望の植物ホルモン(例えば、IAA、NAAなどのオーキシン類、カイネチン、ベンジルアデニンなどのサイトカイニン類)およびカナマイシンおよびハイグロマイシン系抗生物質を添加した選択培地(例、MS培地、LS培地、B5培地など)に移植し、20~30℃で培養する。得られたカナマイシンおよびハイグロマイシン耐性のカルスや実生を、必要に応じてベンジルアデニンを添加した再分化(発根)培地(例、MS培地、LS培地、B5培地など)に移植して再分化(発根)を誘導し、幼植物体を得る。数枚の本葉が観察されたら、幼植物体を土壌に移植して馴化させ、バイオトロン等の制御された温室内で栽培を行う。このようにして得られた形質転換体から種子や果実を得ることができる。
また、形質転換体や、非形質転換体より、常法に従ってRNAを抽出し、標的酵素のmRNAの発現量の変化を定量的RT-PCR、ノーザンハイブリダイゼーション等により調べることができる。あるいは、形質転換体や、非形質転換体より、常法に従って蛋白質を抽出し、標的酵素に対する抗体を用いて、標的酵素の蛋白質の発現量の変化をイムノアッセイ(RIA法、ELISA法、FIA法など)により調べることができる。上述のように、植物における遺伝子組換え事象の大半は非相同組換えによることから、導入された核酸が組み込まれた染色体領域の位置効果のために、すべてのトランスジェニック植物において、標的酵素の発現が野生株と比べて低下するとは限らない。したがって、上記のようにして、形質転換体と非形質転換体とで、標的酵素のRNAレベルまたは蛋白質レベルでの発現量を測定し、比較することにより、トランスジェニック植物において標的酵素の発現が野生株に比べて低下していることを確認することにより、目的の遺伝子改変植物を取得することができる。
CH-19甘から抽出したcDNAよりRT-PCRで増幅したpAMT遺伝子を、Ti-プラスミドベクターpIG121-HmのGUS領域にアンチセンス方向に挿入した(図2)。このプラスミドをAgrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101株に導入し、トウガラシの形質転換に用いた。
タカノツメの種子を70%エタノールで1分、2%次亜塩素酸ナトリウムで15分間表面殺菌し、滅菌水で3回濯ぎ、MS培地に播種した。10日後に発芽した子葉を切り取り、10 mg/lベンジルアデニン(BA)を含むMS培地に置床した。16時間日長、25℃で24時間培養を行った後、50 mg/lカナマイシンおよび50 mg/lハイグロマイシンを含むYEP培地で24時間培養したアグロバクテリウム液に10分間浸漬させた。余分なアグロバクテリウム液を取り除くために、滅菌した濾紙に葉片を載せ、その後、再度10 mg/l ベンジルアデニン(BA)を含むMS培地に置床した。暗所で3日間Co-cultivationを行った後、葉片は10 mg/l BA、50 mg/lカナマイシンおよび300 mg/lカルベニシリンを含むMS培地(選抜培地)に移植し、16時間日長、25℃で培養を行った。アグロバクテリウムの増殖を抑えるために、選抜培地は10日~2週間ごとに新しい培地に移植した。選抜を開始してから1~2ヶ月後に再分化したシュートは、50 mg/lカナマイシンおよび300 mg/lカルベニシリンを含むMS培地(発根培地)に移植し、発根を誘導した。発根した16株の植物を土壌に移植し,バイオトロンにて栽培を行った。選抜した個体の葉片よりDNAを抽出し、ベクター内のNPTII遺伝子を増幅させるプライマーを用いて、ゲノムPCR解析を行った。PCR産物は、1.5%アガロースゲルで電気泳動を行い、エチジウムブロマイドで染色した。その結果、選抜した個体にはNPTII遺伝子が導入されていることが分かった(図3)。
形質転換トウガラシ16株および遺伝子を導入していないタカノツメより、それぞれ果実を採取し、常法に従ってカプシエイトおよびカプサイシンの含量の測定を行った。その結果、形質転換トウガラシ3個体(TG-3, 8 および14)は、対照のタカノツメよりも多量のカプシエイトを含んでいることが分かった。また、TG-3およびTG-8は、他の株に比べてカプサイシン含量が低かった(図4(a)および4(b))。
カプシエイト含量が高かった株の果実よりRNAを抽出し、内在性のpAMT遺伝子の転写量についてRT-PCR分析を行った結果、カプシエイト含量が高かった株はpAMT遺伝子の転写発現が抑制されていることが分かった。一方、遺伝子が導入されていてもカプシエイト含量が高くなかった株では、内在性のpAMT遺伝子の転写発現が抑制されていないことが分かった(図5)。以上の結果より、pAMT遺伝子の発現を抑制することで、人為的にカプシエイトを合成するように植物を改変できることが分かった。
CH-19辛より単離したpAMT遺伝子の全長を大腸菌での発現系のベクター(pColdIベクター,タカラバイオ(株))のマルチクローニングサイトに挿入した。得られたベクターはChaperon Competent Cell BL21(タカラバイオ(株))に形質転換した。20 mg/lクロラムフェニコール、50 mg/lアンピシリン、10μl/lテトラサイクリン、1 g/l L-アラビノースを含むLB培地500 mlで、10時間37℃で振とう培養した。培養液のOD600が0.6になったら、1 mMのIPTGを添加し、15℃で24時間振とう培養を行った。
増殖した菌を遠心分離によって回収し、QIAexpress Ni-NTA Fast Start Kit (QIAGEN社)を用いて、タンパク質の抽出およびHisタグ精製を行った。精製したタンパク質はSDS-PAGEにより確認を行った。このタンパク質をウサギに注射し、ポリクローナル抗体の作製を行った。
作製したポリクローナル抗体を用いて、果実より抽出したタンパク質を1 mg SDS-PAGEで電気泳動し、ウエスタンブロット解析を行った。その結果、カプシエイトの蓄積が認められたTG-3およびTG-8ではpAMTタンパク質量が顕著に減少し、TG-14においてもCH-19辛に比べて減少していることが分かった(図6)。
Claims (10)
- 野生株と比べて、バニリンからバニリルアミンへのアミノ基転移反応を触媒する酵素の発現または活性が低下していることを特徴とする、カプシノイド類産生能を有する遺伝子改変植物。
- 前記酵素がpAMT遺伝子産物である、請求項1に記載の植物。
- 前記酵素の発現または活性の低下が、該酵素遺伝子の破壊もしくは変異、該遺伝子転写産物の分解もしくは翻訳抑制、または該酵素のバニリンへの作用の阻害によるものである、請求項1または2に記載の植物。
- 野生株がカプサイシノイド生合成系を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の植物。
- 野生株がトウガラシ属に属する植物である、請求項4に記載の植物。
- カプサイシノイド生合成系を有する植物において、バニリンからバニリルアミンへのアミノ基転移反応を触媒する酵素の発現または活性を低下せしめる遺伝子改変を行うことを含む、カプシノイド類産生能を有する遺伝子改変植物の作出方法。
- 遺伝子改変が、前記酵素遺伝子に対するアンチセンスRNA、iRNA、リボザイムもしくはドミナントネガティブ変異体をコードするDNAの導入、ノックアウト法もしくは変異原処理による該遺伝子の破壊、および該酵素に対する抗体をコードする遺伝子の導入からなる群より選択される、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記酵素がpAMT遺伝子産物である、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- カプサイシノイド生合成系を有する植物がトウガラシ属に属する、請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の植物の果実からカプシノイド類を回収することを含む、カプシノイド類の製造方法。
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BRPI0914419-6A BRPI0914419A2 (pt) | 2008-06-23 | 2009-06-19 | Planta geneticamente modificada, e, métodos para produzir a mesma, e para produzir capsinóide |
EP09770086.8A EP2305025B1 (en) | 2008-06-23 | 2009-06-19 | Genetically modified plant capable of biosynthesizing capsinoid |
ES09770086.8T ES2529466T3 (es) | 2008-06-23 | 2009-06-19 | Planta genéticamente modificada capaz de biosintetizar capsinoides |
CN200980123801.4A CN102065680B (zh) | 2008-06-23 | 2009-06-19 | 能生物合成辣椒素酯类物质的基因修饰植物 |
JP2010517969A JP5594137B2 (ja) | 2008-06-23 | 2009-06-19 | カプシノイドを生合成する遺伝子改変植物 |
KR1020117001400A KR101389060B1 (ko) | 2008-06-23 | 2009-06-19 | 캡시노이드를 생합성하는 유전자 개변 식물 |
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Cited By (4)
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JP2013215147A (ja) * | 2012-04-10 | 2013-10-24 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ヤトロファ属植物の細胞に由来するシュートの発根を促進させる方法 |
JP2017507648A (ja) * | 2014-01-17 | 2017-03-23 | コナゲン インコーポレイテッド | カプサイシノイドの微生物生成のためのカプサイシンシンターゼを使用する方法 |
US10655150B2 (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2020-05-19 | Conagen Inc. | Methods of making capsinoids by biosynthetic processes |
US11459591B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2022-10-04 | Conagen Inc. | Method for the microbial production of specific natural capsaicinoids |
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WO2020075884A1 (ko) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-16 | 서울대학교 산학협력단 | 고추 과피의 신미 정도를 판별하기 위한 마커 및 이의 용도 |
CN115960736B (zh) * | 2023-03-01 | 2024-05-28 | 石河子大学 | 一种产香草胺和辣椒碱的酿酒酵母工程菌及其构建方法与应用 |
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Cited By (5)
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JP2013215147A (ja) * | 2012-04-10 | 2013-10-24 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | ヤトロファ属植物の細胞に由来するシュートの発根を促進させる方法 |
JP2017507648A (ja) * | 2014-01-17 | 2017-03-23 | コナゲン インコーポレイテッド | カプサイシノイドの微生物生成のためのカプサイシンシンターゼを使用する方法 |
US10655150B2 (en) | 2016-01-07 | 2020-05-19 | Conagen Inc. | Methods of making capsinoids by biosynthetic processes |
US11459591B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2022-10-04 | Conagen Inc. | Method for the microbial production of specific natural capsaicinoids |
US11946083B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 | 2024-04-02 | Conagen Inc. | Method for the microbial production of specific natural capsaicinoids |
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KR101389060B1 (ko) | 2014-05-27 |
EP2305025B1 (en) | 2015-01-28 |
KR20110020307A (ko) | 2011-03-02 |
JP5594137B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
BRPI0914419A2 (pt) | 2015-08-11 |
CN102065680B (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
ES2529466T3 (es) | 2015-02-20 |
US9340795B2 (en) | 2016-05-17 |
EP2305025A1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
EP2305025A4 (en) | 2011-12-28 |
US20110166371A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
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