WO2009154136A1 - 固体撮像装置 - Google Patents
固体撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009154136A1 WO2009154136A1 PCT/JP2009/060697 JP2009060697W WO2009154136A1 WO 2009154136 A1 WO2009154136 A1 WO 2009154136A1 JP 2009060697 W JP2009060697 W JP 2009060697W WO 2009154136 A1 WO2009154136 A1 WO 2009154136A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device that generates image data corresponding to an incident X-ray image.
- X-ray imaging systems using solid-state imaging devices have been widely used instead of X-ray photosensitive films.
- Such an X-ray imaging system does not need to be developed like an X-ray photosensitive film, and is highly convenient, such as being able to confirm an X-ray image in real time, and is superior in terms of data storage and ease of handling. It has a point.
- X-ray imaging for dental diagnosis such an X-ray imaging system is becoming widespread in various imaging modes such as panorama, cephalo, and CT.
- the dental X-ray imaging apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 images X-rays output from an X-ray source and transmitted through a subject using an X-ray detection element having a CCD system.
- the PPS solid-state imaging device includes a pixel array in which PPS pixels including a photodiode that generates an amount of electric charge according to incident light intensity are two-dimensionally arranged in M rows and N columns. In response, the charge generated in the photodiode is converted into a voltage value by an integration circuit, and the voltage value is further converted into a digital value for output.
- the output ends of each of the M pixels in each column are connected to the input ends of the integration circuits provided corresponding to the columns via readout wirings provided corresponding to the columns. ing. Then, the charges generated in the photodiodes of each pixel are sequentially input from the first row to the M-th row for each row through the readout wiring corresponding to the corresponding column to the integration circuit. Are sequentially input to the analog / digital converter from the first column to the Nth column.
- the size required for the pixel array of the solid-state imaging device varies depending on the imaging application.
- the width in the longitudinal direction of the pixel array in cephalometric imaging Is required to be a long solid-state imaging device having a length of 22 cm or more.
- two substrates that are shorter than the dimensions required for the solid-state imaging device are arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the respective pixel arrangements are combined and used as one solid-state imaging device (so-called tiling).
- the dimensions can be satisfied.
- a region (dead area) where an X-ray image is not captured is generated at the boundary portion (seam).
- the position of such a dead area may be limited. For example, in dental cephalometric imaging, imaging is performed while moving the solid-state imaging device in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction) with the longitudinal direction of the solid-state imaging device aligned with the vertical direction (vertical direction).
- the two substrates constituting the PPS solid-state imaging device described above are juxtaposed in the row direction of each pixel array, if the widths of the pixel arrays in the longitudinal direction are different from each other, The number of columns in the pixel array is different from each other, causing the following problem. That is, in the solid-state imaging device of the PPS system, the electric charges generated in the photodiodes of each pixel are converted into voltage values for each column and further converted into digital values. The digital values are converted in parallel from two substrates. When output, the time required to finish outputting the digital values for all the columns differs for each board, and the board with the smaller number of columns waits until the digital values are output from the board with the larger number of columns. It must be in a state, and the time required for imaging one frame becomes long.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and in a solid-state imaging device having a configuration in which each pixel array formed on two substrates is tiled in the row direction, imaging of one frame is performed.
- the purpose is to shorten the time required for.
- the solid-state imaging device is a solid-state imaging device that generates image data corresponding to an incident X-ray image, and is M ⁇ NA pixels (M and NA are integers of 2 or more) each including a photodiode.
- M ⁇ NA pixels (M and NA are integers of 2 or more) each including a photodiode.
- M ⁇ NB pixels (NB is an integer of 2 or more smaller than NA) each including a first substrate having a first pixel array in which M is arranged in two rows in M rows and NA columns, and M rows.
- (NA + NB) readout wirings arranged for each column of the array and connected to the photodiodes included in the pixels of the corresponding column via the readout switch, and charge inputted through the readout wiring
- the voltage value according to the amount is held, and the held voltage value is Alternatively, a signal output unit that converts a digital value by a plurality of analog / digital converters and outputs it, and generates scintillation light according to incident X-rays to convert an X-ray image into an optical image, One or a plurality of continuous columns including the first column of the first pixel array, and one or a plurality of columns including the NB column of the second pixel array.
- the signal output unit is arranged in each column from the first column to the n-th column (2 ⁇ n ⁇ NA) of the first pixel array.
- the corresponding digital values are sequentially output from the first column to the nth column, or from the nth column to the first column, and in parallel with the output, From the (n + 1) th column, the NB through the NAth column and the first column of the second pixel array.
- the first substrate having the first pixel array and the second substrate having the second pixel array having a smaller number of columns than the first pixel array include the first substrate
- the NA column of the pixel array and the first column of the second pixel array are tiled along each other. That is, this solid-state imaging device has a pixel arrangement of a (NA + NB) column obtained by adding the NB ( ⁇ NA) column from the first column of the second pixel arrangement to the NA column of the first pixel arrangement.
- the signal output unit When the signal output unit outputs the digital value to the data bus or the like, the digital value corresponding to each column before the nth column (that is, from the first column to the nth column) of the first pixel array, Each column after the (n + 1) th column and the first column to the NBth column of the second pixel array (that is, from the (n + 1) th column of the first pixel array to the first column of the NA column and the second pixel array).
- the digital values corresponding to the column (up to the NB column) are output in parallel. In this way, by dividing the output operation at the column (nth column) between the first column and the NA column of the first pixel array having a large number of columns and outputting the digital values in parallel.
- the number of columns in one of the divided areas and the number of columns in the other area can be the same or close to each other. Therefore, according to the solid-state imaging device of the present invention, for example, digital values are output from the first column to the NA column of the first pixel array, and in parallel with this, the first column to the second column of the second pixel array are output. Compared with the method of outputting digital values from the NB sequence, the waiting time in the output operation can be made close to zero, and the time required for imaging one frame can be effectively shortened.
- one or a plurality of continuous columns including the first column of the first pixel array and one or a plurality of continuous columns including the NB column of the second pixel array are provided.
- an X-ray shielding member surrounds the pixel array in order to protect a circuit portion such as a shift register disposed beside the pixel array from X-rays. Is often covered.
- the X-ray shielding member reaches a part of the pixel array, the above-described insensitive area is generated in the pixel array.
- the digital values corresponding to the pixels included in the dead area are invalid data not related to the X-ray image.
- the digital value output from the signal output unit is sent to another electronic circuit (CPU or the like) via a data bus or the like.
- the digital value (invalid data) corresponding to the insensitive area is obtained.
- the data is output first, and invalid data is output last in the other area.
- the output order of the digital values in one region divided by the nth column and the output order of the digital values in the other region are , In reverse order. That is, the signal output unit starts the digital value corresponding to each column from the first column to the n-th column of the first pixel array from the first column to the n-th column or from the n-th column. Digitally corresponding to each column from the (n + 1) th column of the first pixel array to the NB column through the NA column and the first column of the second pixel array. The values are sequentially output in the reverse order to the first to nth columns of the first pixel array. The signal output unit outputs the digital values to the data bus or the like in this order, so that the positions of invalid data in the output order of the digital values can be matched in each region, and real-time processing can be performed in other electronic circuits. Can be easily performed.
- the time required for imaging one frame can be shortened.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an X-ray imaging system 100.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the solid-state imaging device 1 and the X-ray generation device 106 are linearly displaced with respect to the subject A when viewed from above the subject A (the subject's head).
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- 4A is a side sectional view of the solid-state imaging device 1 taken along line IVa-IVa in FIG. 3
- FIG. 4B is a side sectional view of the solid-state imaging device 1 taken along line IVb-IVb in FIG. .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration of the solid-state imaging device 1, and represents a portion (pixel block) of the pixel array 10A (10B) corresponding to one signal readout unit among the plurality of signal readout units 21A to 21L.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of each of the pixel P m, j , the integration circuit S j, and the holding circuit H j included in the pixel block of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the pixel blocks included in the first to n-th columns of the pixel array 10A and the operation of the signal output unit 20 corresponding to this pixel block.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of each of the pixel P m, j , the integration circuit S j, and the holding circuit H j included in the pixel block of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- FIG. 7 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the pixel blocks included in the first to n-th columns of the pixel array 10
- FIG. 8 shows the operation of the pixel blocks included in the (n + 1) -th to NA-th columns of the pixel array 10A and the first to NB-th columns of the pixel array 10B, and the signal output unit 20 corresponding to this pixel block. It is a timing chart explaining operation.
- FIG. 9 is a timing chart for explaining the input / output operations of the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F provided corresponding to the pixel blocks included in the first to nth columns of the pixel array 10A.
- FIG. 10 shows the inputs / outputs of the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L provided corresponding to the pixel blocks included in the (n + 1) th to NAth columns of the pixel array 10A and the first to NBth columns of the pixel array 10B. It is a timing chart explaining operation.
- 11A is a diagram illustrating a state in which the two pixel arrays 110A and 110B are tiled in the vertical direction and the image is captured while being translated in the horizontal direction
- FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating the two pixel arrays 120A and 120B in the vertical direction. It is a figure which shows a mode that imaging is performed while being tiled in the direction and moving in parallel in the horizontal direction.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating a state in which a plurality of pixel arrays 120A having a wide width in the longitudinal direction and a plurality of pixel arrays 120B having a narrow width in the longitudinal direction are impositioned on the silicon wafer W; b) It is a figure which shows a mode that the imposition of the several pixel arrangement
- FIG. 13 is a timing chart showing an example of timings at which digital values are output from the eight FIFO data buffers (1) to (8) respectively corresponding to the eight pixel blocks in one of the pixel arrays (a) to (h).
- FIG. 14 is a timing chart illustrating an example of timings at which digital values are output from the eight FIFO data buffers (1) to (8) respectively corresponding to the eight pixel blocks in one of the pixel arrays (a) to (h).
- FIG. 14 is a timing chart illustrating an example of timings at which digital values are output from the eight FIFO data buffers (1) to (8) respectively corresponding to the eight pixel blocks in one of the pixel arrays (a) to (h).
- FIG. 14 is a timing chart illustrating an example of timings at which digital values are output from the eight FIFO data buffers (1) to (8) respectively corresponding to the eight pixel blocks in one of the pixel arrays (a) to (h).
- FIG. 14 is a timing chart illustrating an example of timings at which digital values are output from the eight FIFO data buffers (1) to (8) respectively corresponding to the eight pixel blocks in one of the pixel arrays (a) to (h).
- FIG. 14 is a timing chart illustrating an example of timing
- 16A is a diagram showing a system in which semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B each having a film-like scintillator 4A and 4B deposited on the surface thereof are arranged adjacent to each other on the same plane, and FIG. , 3B are arranged adjacent to each other, and the scintillators 4A and 4B are vapor-deposited collectively after the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B are juxtaposed, and (c) the end of the semiconductor substrate 3B at the end of the semiconductor substrate 3A It is a figure which shows the system which arrange
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a medical X-ray imaging system 100 including a solid-state imaging device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the X-ray imaging system 100 of this embodiment mainly includes imaging modes such as panoramic imaging, cephalometric imaging, and CT imaging in dental care, and images an X-ray image of a subject's jaw.
- the X-ray imaging system 100 includes the solid-state imaging device 1 and the X-ray generator 106, and the X-rays output from the X-ray generator 106 and transmitted through the subject A (that is, the subject's jaw) are solid. Imaging is performed by the imaging apparatus 1.
- the X-ray generator 106 generates X-rays toward the subject A.
- the irradiation field of X-rays generated from the X-ray generator 106 is controlled by the primary slit plate 106b.
- the X-ray generator 106 incorporates an X-ray tube, and the amount of X-ray irradiation to the subject A is controlled by adjusting conditions such as tube voltage, tube current, and energization time of the X-ray tube.
- the X-ray generator 106 outputs an X-ray at a predetermined divergence angle in a certain imaging mode by controlling the opening range of the primary slit plate 106b, and this predetermined divergence in another imaging mode. X-rays can be output with a divergence angle narrower than the angle.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 is a CMOS solid-state imaging device having a plurality of pixels arranged two-dimensionally, and converts an X-ray image that has passed through the subject A into electrical image data D.
- a secondary slit plate 107 that restricts the X-ray incident area is provided in front of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the X-ray imaging system 100 further includes a turning arm 104.
- the turning arm 104 holds the X-ray generator 106 and the solid-state imaging device 1 so as to face each other, and turns them around the subject A during CT imaging or panoramic imaging. Further, a slide mechanism 113 for linearly displacing the solid-state imaging device 1 and the X-ray generation device 106 with respect to the subject A is provided at the time of cephalometric imaging or linear tomographic imaging.
- the turning arm 104 is driven by an arm motor 109 constituting a rotary table, and the rotation angle is detected by an angle sensor 112.
- the arm motor 109 is mounted on the movable part of the XY table 114, and the center of rotation is arbitrarily adjusted in the horizontal plane.
- Image data D output from the solid-state imaging device 1 is once captured by a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 121 and then stored in the frame memory 122. From the image data stored in the frame memory 122, a tomographic image, a panoramic image, a cephalo image, or the like along an arbitrary tomographic plane is reproduced by a predetermined calculation process. These reproduced images are output to the video memory 124, converted into analog signals by the DA converter 125, displayed on the image display unit 126 such as a CRT (cathode ray tube), and used for various diagnoses.
- a CPU Central Processing Unit
- a work memory 123 necessary for signal processing is connected to the CPU 121, and an operation panel 119 provided with a panel switch, an X-ray irradiation switch, and the like is further connected.
- the CPU 121 also controls the motor drive circuit 111 that drives the arm motor 109, slit control circuits 115 and 116 that control the opening ranges of the primary slit plate 106 b and the secondary slit plate 107, and the X-ray generator 106.
- Each is connected to the control circuit 118 and further outputs a clock signal for driving the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the X-ray control circuit 118 feedback-controls the amount of X-ray irradiation to the subject based on the signal imaged by the solid-state imaging device 1.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the solid-state imaging device 1 and the X-ray generation device 106 are linearly displaced with respect to the subject A when viewed from above the subject A (the subject's head).
- the solid-state imaging device 1 and the X-ray generation device 106 move linearly in the same direction (arrow B in the figure) while maintaining a state of being opposed to each other on both sides of the subject A by the slide mechanism 113.
- the subject A is irradiated with X-rays, and X-ray images passing through the subject A are continuously captured.
- FIG. 3 and 4 are diagrams showing the configuration of the solid-state imaging device 1 in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- 4A is a side sectional view of the solid-state imaging device 1 along the line IVa-IVa in FIG. 3
- FIG. 4B is a side sectional view of the solid-state imaging device 1 along the line IVb-IVb in FIG.
- FIG. 3 and 4 also show an XYZ orthogonal coordinate system for easy understanding.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 includes a semiconductor substrate 3A (first substrate) and a semiconductor substrate 3B (second substrate), and the two semiconductor substrates 3A, 3A, One imaging area is configured by 3B.
- the size required for the imaging area of the solid-state imaging device 1 varies depending on the imaging application. However, in X-ray imaging for dental diagnosis, the length of the imaging area in the longitudinal direction is 22 cm or more in cephalometric imaging. Is required. Therefore, as in this embodiment, two semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B shorter than the dimensions required for the solid-state imaging device 1 are arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the pixel arrays 10A and 10B are combined to form one imaging region. By using (so-called tiling), the required dimensions can be satisfied.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 includes a pixel array 10A (first pixel array) and a scan shift register 30A each formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 3A, and a pixel array 10B formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 3B. (Second pixel array) and a scan shift register 30B.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 further includes a signal output unit 20, which includes a plurality of signal readout units 21A to 21H formed on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate 3A and the main substrate 3B.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 includes a flat substrate 2, scintillators 4 A and 4 B, and an X-ray shielding member 5.
- the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B described above are attached to the base material 2, and the scintillators 4A and 4B are disposed on the semiconductor substrate 3A and the semiconductor substrate 3B, respectively.
- the scintillators 4A and 4B generate scintillation light according to the incident X-rays, convert the X-ray images into optical images, and output the optical images to the pixel arrays 10A and 10B, respectively.
- the scintillators 4A and 4B are installed so as to cover the pixel arrays 10A and 10B, respectively, or are provided on the pixel arrays 10A and 10B by vapor deposition.
- the X-ray shielding member 5 is made of a material such as lead that has an extremely low X-ray transmittance.
- the X-ray shielding member 5 covers the peripheral portions of the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B, particularly the regions where the scanning shift registers 30A and 30B and the signal reading units 21A to 21L are arranged, and the scanning shift registers 30A and 30B and the signal reading unit. Prevents X-rays from entering 21A to 21L.
- the pixel array 10A is configured by two-dimensionally arranging M ⁇ NA pixels P (see FIGS. 4A and 4B) in M rows and NA columns. Further, the pixel array 10B is configured by two-dimensionally arranging M ⁇ NB pixels P in M rows and NB columns.
- the column direction coincides with the X-axis direction
- the row direction coincides with the Y-axis direction.
- Each of M, NA, and NB is an integer of 2 or more and satisfies NA> NB.
- the number (NA + NB) of pixels P in the row direction in the pixel arrays 10A and 10B is preferably larger than the number M of pixels P in the column direction.
- the imaging region including the pixel arrays 10A and 10B has a rectangular shape in which the row direction (Y-axis direction) is a long direction and the column direction (X-axis direction) is a short direction.
- the pixels P are arranged at a pitch of 100 ⁇ m, for example, and are of the PPS system and have a common configuration.
- the column located at the left end (that is, the column with the smallest Y coordinate) is the first column, and the column located at the opposite right end is the NA column.
- the column located at the left end (the column with the smallest Y coordinate) is the first column, and the column located at the opposite right end is the NB column.
- the pixel arrays 10A and 10B are arranged so that the first column of the pixel array 10B and the NA column of the pixel array 10A are along each other.
- one or a plurality of continuous columns including the first column of the pixel array 10A are covered with the X-ray shielding member 5 and are insensitive areas shielded from incident X-rays. That is, no light is incident on these columns and no charge is generated, which does not contribute to imaging.
- one or a plurality of continuous columns including the NB column of the pixel array 10B are also covered with the X-ray shielding member 5 and are insensitive areas. Therefore, in the pixel arrays 10 ⁇ / b> A and 10 ⁇ / b> B, an effective region for imaging is configured by the other pixel columns except for these pixel columns covered by the X-ray shielding member 5. In other words, the effective imaging area in the solid-state imaging device 1 is defined by the opening 5 a of the X-ray shielding member 5.
- the signal output unit 20 holds a voltage value corresponding to the amount of charge output from each pixel P, converts the held voltage value into a digital value, and outputs the digital value to the data bus DB.
- the plurality of signal readout units 21A to 21H are provided corresponding to two or more pixel columns in the pixel array 10A per signal readout unit, and the amount of electric charges output from each pixel P of the corresponding pixel column is determined. The corresponding voltage value is held, and this voltage value is output to the corresponding A / D converters 22A to 22H.
- the plurality of signal readout units 21I to 21L are provided corresponding to two or more pixel columns in the pixel array 10B per signal readout unit, and the charges output from the respective pixels P in the corresponding pixel column.
- the voltage value corresponding to the amount of the signal is held, and this voltage value is output to the corresponding A / D converters 22I to 22L.
- the scan shift registers 30A and 30B control each pixel P so that the electric charge accumulated in each pixel P is sequentially output to the signal reading units 21A to 21L for each row.
- the plurality of A / D converters 22A to 22L receive the voltage values output from the corresponding signal reading units 21A to 21L, perform A / D conversion processing on the input voltage values (analog values), A digital value corresponding to the input voltage value is generated.
- the plurality of A / D converters 22A to 22L output the generated digital values to the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23L corresponding to the A / D converters 22A to 22L.
- the plurality of FIFO data buffers 23A to 23L obtain all the digital values corresponding to the NA column included in the pixel array 10A and the NB column included in the pixel array 10B, and then transfer the digital values to the data bus DB. Output.
- the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F are arranged on the left side of the digital value corresponding to each column from the first column to the nth column (2 ⁇ n ⁇ NA) of the pixel array 10A (the boundary line E in FIG. 3).
- the six digital data stored in the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F) are sequentially output to the data bus DB.
- the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L are arranged in columns from the (n + 1) th column of the pixel array 10A to the NB column through the NA column and the first column of the pixel array 10B.
- Corresponding digital values are sequentially output to the data bus DB. That is, when viewed from a processing device such as a CPU that controls the data bus DB, the six FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F arranged on the left side of the boundary line E constitute one output port, and the right side of the boundary line E.
- the six FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L arranged in the above form another output port.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration of the solid-state imaging device 1, and represents a portion (pixel block) of the pixel array 10A (10B) corresponding to one signal readout unit among the plurality of signal readout units 21A to 21L.
- the pixel block in the pixel array 10A (10B) is formed by two-dimensionally arranging pixels P 1, i to P M, k in M rows (k ⁇ i + 1) columns.
- the pixel P m, j is located in the m-th row and the j-th column.
- i and k are integers of 1 or more and satisfy 1 ⁇ i ⁇ k ⁇ NA (or NB).
- M is an integer from 1 to M
- j is an integer from i to k.
- Each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P m, i to P m, k in the m-th row is connected to the scan shift register 30A (or 30B) by the m-th row selection wiring LV , m .
- the scan shift registers 30 ⁇ / b> A and 30 ⁇ / b> B are included in the control unit 6.
- the output ends of the M pixels P 1, j to P M, j in the j-th column are connected to the integration circuit S j of the signal reading units 21A to 21L by the j-th column reading wiring L O, j. Yes.
- Each of the signal reading units 21A to 21L includes (k ⁇ i + 1) integrating circuits S i to S k and (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k .
- Each integrating circuit S j has a common configuration.
- Each holding circuit H j has a common configuration.
- Each integrating circuit S j has an input terminal connected to the readout wiring L O, j , accumulates electric charge input to this input terminal, and outputs a voltage value corresponding to the amount of accumulated electric charge from the output terminal. Output to the holding circuit Hj .
- Each holding circuit H j has an input terminal connected to the output terminal of the integrating circuit S j , holds a voltage value input to the input terminal, and the held voltage value is connected to the voltage output wiring from the output terminal. Output to L out .
- Each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k is connected to the control unit 6 by a holding wiring L H.
- each holding circuit H j is the j-th column selecting wiring L H, are connected to the read shift register 31A of the control unit 6 (or 31B) by j.
- the A / D converters 22A to 22L receive the voltage value output from each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k to the voltage output wiring L out and input the voltage value (analog value). A / D conversion processing is performed on the data, and digital values corresponding to the input voltage values are output to the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23L, respectively.
- the scan shift register 30A (30B) of the control unit 6 outputs the mth row selection control signal Vsel (m) to the mth row selection wiring LV , m , and this mth row selection control signal Vsel (m). Is given to each of (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P m, i to P m, k in the m-th row.
- the M row selection control signals Vsel (1) to Vsel (M) are sequentially set to significant values.
- the read shift register 31A (31B) of the control unit 6 outputs the j-th column selection control signal Hsel (j) to the j-th column selection wiring LH , j , and this j-th column selection control signal Hsel ( j) is applied to the holding circuit H j . (K ⁇ i + 1) number of column selection control signals Hsel (i) to Hsel (k) are also successively set to significant values.
- the control unit 6 outputs a reset control signal Reset to the reset wiring L R, giving the reset control signal Reset to the (k-i + 1) pieces of the integrating circuits S i ⁇ S k, respectively.
- Control unit 6 outputs a gain setting signal Gain to the gain setting wiring L G, giving the gain setting signal Gain to the (k-i + 1) pieces of the integrating circuits S i ⁇ S k, respectively.
- Control unit 6 outputs a holding control signal Hold to the holding wiring L H, gives the holding control signal Hold to the (k-i + 1) pieces of the holding circuits H i ⁇ H k, respectively.
- the control unit 6 also controls A / D conversion processing in the A / D converters 22A to 22L.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of each of the pixel P m, j , the integration circuit S j, and the holding circuit H j included in the pixel block of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- a circuit diagram of the pixel P m, j is shown as a representative of the pixels P 1, i to P M, k
- an integration circuit S j is representative of the (k ⁇ i + 1) number of integration circuits S i to S k.
- a circuit diagram of the holding circuit H j is shown as a representative of (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k . That is, a circuit portion related to the pixel P m, j in the m-th row and the j-th column and the j-th column readout wiring L O, j is shown.
- Pixel P m, j includes a photodiode PD and a readout switch SW 1.
- the anode terminal of the photodiode PD is grounded, is connected the cathode terminal of the photodiode PD is the j-th column readout wiring L O via the readout switch SW 1, and j.
- the photodiode PD generates an amount of charge corresponding to the incident light intensity, and accumulates the generated charge in the junction capacitor.
- Readout switch SW 1 is the m row selecting wiring L V, m-th row selection control signal Vsel passed through the m (m) is given from the control unit 6.
- the m-th row selection control signal Vsel (m) is the m-th row NA pixels P m, 1 to P m, NA in the pixel array 10A and the m-th row NB pixels P m, 1 to P m and NB are used to instruct the open / close operation of the read switch SW 1 .
- the pixel P m, the j, the m-th row selection control signal Vsel (m) is read switch SW 1 in the open when a low level, the j-th column readout wiring charges generated in the photodiode PD L O , J without being output to the junction capacitor.
- the m-th row selection control signal Vsel (m) is the read switch SW 1 in closed when a high level, the electric charge accumulated in the junction capacitance portion is generated in the photodiode PD until it is for reading The signal is output to the j-th column readout wiring L O, j through the switch SW 1 .
- the j-th column readout wiring L O, j is connected to the readout switch SW 1 of each of the M pixels P 1, j to P M, j in the j-th column in the pixel array 10A (or 10B).
- the j-th column readout wiring L O, j uses the charge generated in the photodiode PD of any one of the M pixels P 1, j to P M, j to read the pixel readout switch SW 1. Is transferred to the integrating circuit S j .
- the integrating circuit S j includes an amplifier A 2 , an integrating capacitive element C 21 , an integrating capacitive element C 22 , a discharging switch SW 21 and a gain setting switch SW 22 .
- Integrating capacitive element C 21 and the discharge switch SW 21 is connected in parallel to each other, and provided between an input terminal of the amplifier A 2 and the output terminal.
- the integrating capacitive element C 22 and the gain setting switch SW 22 is connected in series to each other, the input of the amplifier A 2 so that the gain setting switch SW 22 is connected to the input terminal side of the amplifier A 2 It is provided between the terminal and the output terminal.
- the input terminal of the amplifier A 2, j-th column readout wiring L O and is connected to the j.
- the reset control signal Reset is used to open and close the discharge switches SW 21 of the NA integration circuits S 1 to S NA corresponding to the pixel array 10A and the NB integration circuits S 1 to S NB corresponding to the pixel array 10B.
- Gain setting switch SW 22 the gain setting signal Gain is provided passing through the gain setting wiring L G from the controlling section 6.
- the gain setting signal Gain is used to open / close the gain setting switch SW 22 of each of the NA integration circuits S 1 to S NA corresponding to the pixel array 10A and the NB integration circuits S 1 to S NB corresponding to the pixel array 10B. The operation is instructed.
- the integrating capacitive elements C 21 and C 22 and the gain setting switch SW 22 constitute a feedback capacitive unit having a variable capacitance value. That is, when the gain setting signal Gain is at low level the gain setting switch SW 22 is open, the capacitance value of the feedback capacitance section is equal to the capacitance value of the integrating capacitive element C 21. On the other hand, when the gain setting signal Gain is at a high level and the gain setting switch SW 22 is closed, the capacitance value of the feedback capacitance section is equal to the sum of the capacitance values of the integrating capacitive elements C 21 and C 22 .
- the discharging switch SW 21 When the reset control signal Reset is at a high level, the discharging switch SW 21 is closed, the feedback capacitor unit is discharged, and the voltage value output from the integrating circuit S j is initialized. On the other hand, when the reset control signal Reset is at a low level, the discharge switch SW 21 is opened, the charge input to the input terminal is accumulated in the feedback capacitor unit, and the voltage value corresponding to the accumulated charge amount is an integration circuit. S j is output.
- the holding circuit H j includes an input switch SW 31 , an output switch SW 32, and a holding capacitive element C 3 .
- One end of the holding capacitive element C 3 is grounded.
- the other end of the holding capacitive element C 3 is connected via an input switch SW 31 is connected to the output terminal of the integrating circuit S j, and is connected to the voltage output wiring L out via the output switch SW 32.
- the input switch SW 31, is given holding control signal Hold passed through the holding wiring L H from the controlling section 6.
- the holding control signal Hold is used to open / close the input switches SW 31 of the NA holding circuits H 1 to H NA corresponding to the pixel array 10A and the NB holding circuits H 1 to H NB corresponding to the pixel array 10B. Is a signal for instructing.
- the output switch SW 32 is supplied with the j-th column selection control signal Hsel (j) from the control unit 6 through the j-th column selection wiring L H, j .
- the j-th column selection control signal Hsel (j) is a signal for instructing the opening / closing operation of the output switch SW 32 of the holding circuit H j .
- the holding circuit H j when the holding control signal Hold changes from the high level to the low level, the input switch SW 31 changes from the closed state to the open state, and the voltage value input to the input terminal at that time is held. It is held in the use capacitive element C 3. Further, when the j-th column selection control signal Hsel (j) is at a high level, the output switch SW 32 is closed, and the voltage value held in the holding capacitive element C 3 is supplied to the voltage output wiring L out . Is output.
- the control unit 6 When the controller 6 outputs a voltage value corresponding to the received light intensity of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P m, i to P m, k in the m-th row in the pixel array 10A (or 10B), the control unit 6 performs reset control. After instructing the signal Reset to open the discharge switch SW 21 of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) integrating circuits S i to S k once after being closed, the pixel array is set by the m-th row selection control signal Vsel (m). 10A of the m-th row in (10B) (k-i + 1) pixels P m, instructs i ⁇ P m, k closes over respective readout switch SW 1 in a predetermined time period so.
- the control unit 6 instructs the input switch SW 31 of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k to change from the closed state to the open state by the holding control signal Hold. Then, after the predetermined period, the control unit 6 sets the output switch SW 32 of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k by the column selection control signals Hsel (i) to Hsel (k). Instructs to close sequentially for a certain period. The control unit 6 sequentially performs the above control for each row.
- control unit 6 controls the opening / closing operation of the read switch SW 1 of each of the pixels P 1, i to P M, k included in each pixel block of the pixel array 10A (10B), and the signal reading unit.
- the voltage value holding operation and output operation in 21A to 21L are controlled.
- the control unit 6 reads out the voltage value corresponding to the amount of charge generated in the photodiode PD of each of the M ⁇ (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P 1, i to P M, k for each frame. Repeatedly output from the units 21A to 21L.
- the gain setting switch SW 22 is closed.
- FIG. 7 shows the operation of the pixel blocks included in the first to n-th columns (pixel array on the left side of the boundary line E shown in FIG. 3) of the pixel array 10A, and the signal output unit 20 corresponding to this pixel block. It is a timing chart explaining operation.
- a reset control signal Reset for instructing an opening / closing operation of the discharge switch SW 21 of each of the integration circuits S i to S k
- a pixel P in the first row in the pixel block in order from the top.
- Reading of the charges generated in the photodiode PD of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P 1, i to P 1, k in the first row and accumulated in the junction capacitance portion is performed as follows.
- Each of the holding control signals Hold is at a low level.
- the reset control signal Reset to be output to the reset wiring L R from the controlling section 6 becomes the high level, thereby, (k-i + 1) pieces of the integrating circuits S i ⁇ S k
- the discharging switch SW 21 is closed, and the integrating capacitive elements C 21 and C 22 are discharged.
- the first row selecting control output from the control unit 6 to the first row selecting wiring L V, 1 signal Vsel (1) a high level
- the readout switch SW 1 of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P 1, i to P 1, k in the first row in the pixel block is closed.
- the readout switch SW 1 of each pixel P 1, j in the first row is closed, and the discharge switch SW 21 of each integration circuit S j is open. Therefore, the charges generated so far in the photodiode PD of the pixel P 1, j and accumulated in the junction capacitance portion are the readout switch SW 1 and the j-th column readout wiring L O of the pixel P 1, j. , J and transferred to the integrating capacitive elements C 21 and C 22 of the integrating circuit S j and stored. Then, a voltage value corresponding to the amount of charges accumulated in the integrating capacitive element C 21, C 22 of each integrating circuit S j is output from the output terminal of the integrating circuit S j.
- the holding control signal Hold changes from the high level to the low level, so that each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k
- the switch SW 31 changes from the closed state to the open state, and at this time, the voltage value output from the output terminal of the integrating circuit S j and input to the input terminal of the holding circuit H j is held in the holding capacitive element C 3.
- the column selection control signals Hsel (i) to Hsel (k) output from the control unit 6 to the column selection wirings L H, i to L H, k are Hsel.
- the column selection control signals Hsel (i) to Hsel (k) output from the control unit 6 to the column selection wirings L H, i to L H, k are Hsel.
- the SW 32 is closed in reverse order for a certain period, and the voltage value held in the holding capacitive element C 3 of each holding circuit H j is output in reverse order to the voltage output wiring L out via the output switch SW 32.
- the voltage value V out output to the voltage output wiring L out represents the received light intensity in the photodiode PD of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P 1, i to P 1, k in the first row. is there.
- the voltage value output in reverse order from each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k is input to one of the A / D converters 22A to 22L, and converted into a digital value corresponding to the input voltage value. Converted.
- the second row selection control signal Vsel (2) a high level output from the control section 6 to the second row selecting wiring L V, 2 Accordingly, the readout switch SW 1 of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P 2, i to P 2, k in the second row in the pixel block is closed.
- the column selection control signals Hsel (i) to Hsel (k) output from the control unit 6 to the column selection wirings L H, i to L H, k are Hsel (
- the output switch SW 32 of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k is closed in a reverse order for a fixed period.
- the voltage value V out indicating the light reception intensity in the photodiode PD of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P 2, i to P 2, k in the second row is output to the voltage output wiring L out . Is done.
- a voltage value output in reverse order from each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k is input to one of the A / D converters 22A to 22L, and a digital value corresponding to the input voltage value Is converted to
- FIG. 8 shows pixel blocks included in the (n + 1) th to NAth columns of the pixel array 10A and the first to NBth columns (pixel array on the right side of the boundary line E shown in FIG. 3) of the pixel array 10B.
- 6 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the signal output unit 20 corresponding to the pixel block.
- (a) reset control signal Reset (b) first row selection control signal Vsel (1), (c) second row selection control signal Vsel (2), and (d) held.
- a control signal Hold is shown. The operations of these signals are the same as those shown in FIGS.
- the charge generated in the photodiode PD of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P 1, i to P 1, k in the first row and stored in the junction capacitance portion is read, and held in each holding circuit H j .
- the column selection control signal Hsel (i) ⁇ that is output from the control unit 6 to the column selection wirings L H, i to L H, k.
- Hsel (k) starts from Hsel (i) and becomes high level for a certain period in the normal order (that is, in the order in which the column numbers are in ascending order), whereby (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to The output switch SW 32 of each of the H k is closed in a positive order for a certain period, and the voltage value held in the holding capacitive element C 3 of each holding circuit H j is passed through the output switch SW 32 and the voltage output wiring L Output to out in normal order.
- the voltage value output in the normal order from each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k is input to one of the A / D converters 22A to 22L, and a digital value corresponding to the input voltage value Is converted to
- the column selection control signal Hsel (which is output from the control unit 6 to the column selection wirings L H, i to L H, k i) to Hsel (k) start from Hsel (i) and become high level for a certain period in the forward order, whereby the output switch SW 32 of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k Close in a regular order for a certain period.
- the voltage value V out indicating the light reception intensity in the photodiode PD of each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) pixels P 2, i to P 2, k in the second row is output to the voltage output wiring L out . Is done.
- the voltage value output in the normal order from each of the (k ⁇ i + 1) holding circuits H i to H k is input to one of the A / D converters 22A to 22L, and the digital value corresponding to the input voltage value is obtained. Converted to a value.
- the same operation is performed from the third row to the M-th row to represent an image obtained by one imaging.
- Frame data is obtained.
- the same operation is performed again in the range from the first row to the Mth row, and frame data representing the next image is obtained.
- the voltage value Vout representing the two-dimensional intensity distribution of the light image received by the pixel block is output to the voltage output wiring Lout , and the frame data is repeatedly generated. Is obtained.
- FIG. 9 shows the input of the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F provided corresponding to the pixel blocks included in the first to nth columns (pixel array on the left side of the boundary line E shown in FIG. 3) of the pixel array 10A. It is a timing chart explaining output operation.
- (a) timing at which digital values are written from the A / D converters 22A to 22F to the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F, and (b) digital values stored in the FIFO data buffer 23A are read out.
- the digital value writing operation from the A / D converters 22A to 22F to the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F is performed in parallel in each of the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F.
- the timing at which the operation of writing the digital values corresponding to the m-th row among the first to M-th rows constituting the pixel arrays 10A and 10B to the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F is started (time t 30 in the figure).
- the digital value corresponding to the previous (m ⁇ 1) th row starts to be read out from the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F via the data bus DB (see FIG. 3) at substantially the same timing as (1).
- the digital values stored in the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F are read out in the reverse order of the column numbers of the pixel arrays 10A and 10B from the FIFO data buffer 23F to the FIFO data buffer 23A.
- the read operation from the FIFO data buffer 23F (FIG. 9 (g))
- the read operation from the FIFO data buffer 23E is started (FIG. 9 (f))
- the read from the FIFO data buffer 23E is started.
- a read operation from the FIFO data buffer 23D is started (FIG. 9 (e)).
- a digital operation is performed from each FIFO data buffer. Values are read in this order.
- the voltage value for each column held in each of the signal reading units 21A to 21F is output to the corresponding A / D converters 22A to 22F in the reverse order of the column numbers.
- the digital values output from the A / D converters 22A to 22F are simultaneously written in the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F in parallel and are read in this order when the digital values are read out via the data bus DB. (Ie in reverse order of column number). Therefore, by starting reading from the FIFO data buffer 23F as described above, the signal output unit 20 outputs the digital values corresponding to the respective columns from the first column to the n-th column of the pixel array 10A from the n-th column. Starting from the first column to the first column, the column numbers are output in reverse order.
- the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F output the digital value corresponding to the (m ⁇ 1) th row to the data bus DB in this way, and then correspond to the mth row inputted in parallel with the output operation of the digital value.
- the digital value to be processed is substantially the same as time t 31 in the figure (timing at which the operation of writing the digital value corresponding to the (m + 1) th row to the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F) and the (m ⁇ 1) th row.
- the frame data is output to the data bus DB.
- the same operation is performed again in the range from the first row to the Mth row, and frame data representing the next image is output.
- FIG. 10 shows pixel blocks included in the (n + 1) th to NAth columns of the pixel array 10A and the first to NBth columns (pixel array on the right side of the boundary line E shown in FIG. 3) of the pixel array 10B.
- 14 is a timing chart for explaining input / output operations of correspondingly provided FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L.
- (a) timing at which digital values are written from the A / D converters 22G to 22L to the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L, and (b) digital values stored in the FIFO data buffer 23G are read out.
- the digital value writing operation from the A / D converters 22G to 22L to the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L is performed in parallel in each of the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L.
- the timing at which the operation of writing the digital values corresponding to the m-th row among the first to M-th rows constituting the pixel arrays 10A and 10B to the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L is started (time t 30 in the figure).
- the digital value corresponding to the previous (m ⁇ 1) th row starts to be read out from the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L via the data bus DB (see FIG. 3) at almost the same timing as ().
- the digital values stored in the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L are read in the normal order with respect to the column numbers of the pixel arrays 10A and 10B from the FIFO data buffer 23G to the FIFO data buffer 23L.
- the read operation from the FIFO data buffer 23G (FIG. 10B) is completed
- the read operation from the FIFO data buffer 23H is started (FIG. 10C)
- the read from the FIFO data buffer 23H is performed.
- a read operation from the FIFO data buffer 23I is started (FIG. 10 (d)).
- the data is digitally read from each FIFO data buffer. Values are read in this order.
- the voltage value for each column held in each of the signal reading units 21G to 21L is output to the corresponding A / D converters 22G to 22L in the normal order with respect to the column numbers.
- the digital values output from the A / D converters 22G to 22L are simultaneously written into the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L in parallel, and are also read in this order when the digital values are read out via the data bus DB. (Ie, in normal order with respect to column number). Therefore, by starting reading from the FIFO data buffer 23G as described above, the signal output unit 20 starts from the (n + 1) th column of the pixel array 10A through the NA column and the first column of the pixel array 10B to the NBth. The digital values corresponding to the columns up to the column are output in the normal order, that is, in the reverse order to the output order of the digital values corresponding to the first to nth columns of the pixel array 10A.
- the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L output the digital value corresponding to the (m ⁇ 1) th row to the data bus DB in this way, and then correspond to the mth row inputted in parallel with the output operation of the digital value.
- the digital value to be processed is substantially the same as time t 31 in the figure (timing at which the operation of writing the digital value corresponding to the (m + 1) th row to the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L) and the (m ⁇ 1) th row Are output to the data bus DB in the same order as when the digital values corresponding to are output.
- the frame data is output to the data bus DB.
- the same operation is performed again in the range from the first row to the Mth row, and frame data representing the next image is output.
- the size required for the pixel array of the solid-state imaging device varies depending on the imaging application. For example, in cephalometric imaging in dental diagnosis, the pixel array of the solid-state imaging device is 22 cm or longer. Is required. In cephalometric imaging, the positional relationship between the patient's skull and the maxilla and mandible is grasped, and information such as which part is extracted or whether the patient's orthodontic treatment is easy or difficult is obtained. This is because the vertical width of the array needs to cover almost the entire head of an adult.
- a dead area C occurs at the boundary portion (joint) between the pixel arrays as shown in FIG.
- the two pixel arrays 110A and 110B are tiled in the vertical direction and imaged while being translated in the horizontal direction.
- the vertical widths of 110B are equal to each other, the boundary between the pixel array 110A and the pixel array 110B passes through the ear of the subject A as shown in FIG.
- areas FA and FB shown in the figure indicate imaging ranges by the pixel arrays 110A and 110B, respectively.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram illustrating a state in which a plurality of pixel arrays 120A having a wide width in the longitudinal direction and a plurality of pixel arrays 120B having a narrow width in the longitudinal direction are impositioned on the silicon wafer W.
- FIG. 12B is a diagram showing a state in which a plurality of pixel arrays 110 having the same width in the longitudinal direction are impositioned on the silicon wafer W.
- a plurality of pixel arrays 120A having a longer width in the longitudinal direction and a plurality of narrower widths in the longitudinal direction than imposing a plurality of pixel arrays 110 having the same width in the longitudinal direction.
- the imposition in combination with the pixel array 120B reduces the useless portion of the silicon wafer W and allows the pixel array to be extracted more efficiently.
- the longitudinal direction of the pixel array of each substrate is When the widths are different from each other, the number of columns of the pixel array on each substrate is different from each other, resulting in the problem described below.
- FIGS. 13A to 13H are timings showing examples of timings at which digital values are output from the eight FIFO data buffers (1) to (8) respectively corresponding to the eight pixel blocks of one pixel array.
- FIGS. 13 (i) to (l) are timing charts at which digital values are output from the four FIFO data buffers (9) to (12) respectively corresponding to the four pixel blocks of the other pixel array. It is a timing chart which shows an example.
- the FIFO data buffers (1) to (8) corresponding to the pixel array formed on one substrate constitute one output port Pa1, and the FIFO data corresponding to the pixel array formed on the other substrate.
- another output port Pa2 is configured by the buffers (9) to (12). In such a configuration, digital values are output in parallel from the output ports Pa1 and Pa2. At this time, the time required to complete the output of all the digital values differs between the output ports Pa1 and Pa2. In the example shown in FIG.
- Such a problem makes the number of columns of the pixel array (number of FIFO data buffers) included in one output port close to the number of columns of the pixel array (number of FIFO data buffers) included in the other output port. (Preferably equal). For example, as shown in FIG. 14, six FIFO data buffers (1) to (6) are allocated to one output port Pb1, and the same number of FIFO data buffers (7) to (12) are allocated to the other output port. By assigning to Pb2, the time required to finish outputting all digital values can be made equal for each of the output ports Pb1 and Pb2. In the example shown in FIG.
- the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23L of the signal output unit 20 send a digital value corresponding to the amount of charge generated in each pixel P to the data bus DB.
- the output operation is divided at the column (n-th column) between the first column and the NA-th column of the pixel array 10A having a large number of columns, and the digital value is output in parallel.
- the number of columns in one region (the region on the left side of the boundary line E in FIG. 3) and the number of columns in the other region (the region on the right side of the boundary line E in FIG. 3) are the same or close to each other It can be the number of columns.
- digital values are output from the first column to the NA column of the pixel array 10A, and in parallel, the first column to the NB column of the pixel array 10B.
- the waiting time in the output operation can be made close to zero, and the time required for imaging one frame can be effectively shortened.
- the number of columns from the first column to the n-th column in the pixel array 10A is the number of columns from the (n + 1) -th column to the NA-th column in the pixel array 10A and the first to NB-th columns in the pixel array 10B.
- This is particularly noticeable when it is equal to the sum of the number of columns. That is, the number of columns in one region (region on the left side of the boundary line E in FIG. 3) divided by the nth column and the number of columns in the other region (region on the right side of the boundary line E in FIG. 3) Since the waiting time in the digital value output operation becomes substantially zero, the time required for imaging one frame can be more effectively shortened.
- one or a plurality of continuous columns including the first column of the pixel array 10A and one or a plurality of continuous columns including the NB column of the pixel array 10B are X
- the insensitive area is shielded from incident X-rays by the line shielding member 5 (see, for example, FIG. 4B).
- the digital values corresponding to the pixels included in the insensitive area are invalid data not related to the X-ray image.
- the output order of the digital values in one region (region on the left side of the boundary line E in FIG. 3) divided by the nth column is
- the output order of the digital values in the other region (region on the right side of the boundary line E in FIG. 3) is opposite to each other (FIGS. 7 (e) to (i) and FIGS. 8 (e) to (i)).
- the digital values corresponding to the columns from the (n + 1) th column to the NB column through the NA column and the first column of the pixel array 10B are reversed from the first column to the nth column of the pixel array 10A. Output sequentially in order.
- FIG. 15 is a timing chart showing the output order of such digital values from the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23L.
- FIGS. 15A to 15F show output timings in the FIFO data buffers 23A to 23F and correspond to FIGS. 9B to 9G.
- FIGS. 15G to 15L show output timings in the FIFO data buffers 23G to 23L, and correspond to FIGS. 10B to 10G.
- the FIFO data buffers 23A and 23L read
- the output operation of the output ports Pc1 and Pc2 is completed. Since the signal output unit 20 outputs digital values in this order, the output timings of the invalid data Q1 and Q2 from the output ports Pc1 and Pc2 can be made to coincide with each other. Real-time processing can be easily performed.
- the pixel arrays 10A and 10B are tiled by juxtaposing the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B.
- a tiling method for example, the following is possible. is there.
- the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B on which film-like scintillators 4A and 4B are respectively deposited are arranged adjacent to each other on the same plane.
- the scintillators 4A and 4B slightly wrap around the side surfaces (edges) of the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B, the width of the dead area C is changed from the pixel P located at the end of each of the pixel arrays 10A and 10B to the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B.
- 3B is determined by the distances to the respective edges of the 3B, the thicknesses of the portions of the scintillators 4A and 4B that have wrapped around the edges of the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B, and the clearance (clearance) secured between the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B Is done.
- FIG. 16B shows a system in which the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B are arranged adjacent to each other on the same plane as in FIG. 16A, but the scintillator 4A is disposed after the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B are juxtaposed. , 4B are different from the method shown in FIG. In the method shown in FIG. 16B, since the scintillators 4A and 4B are deposited after the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B are arranged, compared with the method shown in FIG. 16A, the edge of the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B is reached. The width of the dead area C can be reduced by the amount that the scintillators 4A and 4B do not wrap around.
- FIG. 16C shows a method in which the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B are arranged so that the end of the semiconductor substrate 3B overlaps the end of the semiconductor substrate 3A.
- the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B are preferably arranged so that the horizontal positions of one ends of the pixel arrays 10A and 10B of the semiconductor substrates 3A and 3B coincide with each other. Thereby, the dead area C can be made very narrow.
- the signal output unit 20 sequentially outputs the digital values corresponding to the first to nth columns of the pixel array 10A in reverse order, and the (n + 1) th column of the pixel array 10A.
- the signal output unit 20 sequentially outputs the digital values corresponding to the first to nth columns of the pixel array 10A in reverse order, and the (n + 1) th column of the pixel array 10A.
- To the NB column of the pixel array 10B digital values corresponding to each column are sequentially output in the normal order.
- the output order of the digital values corresponding to each column of the pixel arrays 10A and 10B is not limited to this, and the digital values corresponding to the respective columns from the first column to the nth column of the pixel array 10A are sequentially output in the normal order.
- digital values corresponding to the respective columns from the (n + 1) th column of the pixel array 10A to the NB column of the pixel array 10B may be sequentially output in reverse order.
- the head of the data of the invalid data Q1, Q2 each row together the output timing shown in FIG. 15 (immediately after time t 60)
- the invalid data Q1, Q2 outputs of from the output ports Pc1, Pc2 Since the timings coincide with each other, the effect of the solid-state imaging device of the present invention can be suitably obtained.
- the data from each output port is described to flow simultaneously on one data bus. However, a separate data bus may be provided for each output port, and each data port is connected to each output port. Two data buses may be provided in parallel.
- the solid-state imaging device is a solid-state imaging device that generates image data corresponding to an incident X-ray image, and includes M ⁇ NA pieces of photodiodes (M and NA are integers of 2 or more). ) Pixels having a first pixel arrangement in which pixels are arranged two-dimensionally in M rows and NA columns, and M ⁇ NB pixels (NB is an integer of 2 or more smaller than NA) each including a photodiode.
- the first column having a second pixel array in which the first column is arranged along the NA column of the first pixel array, and the first and first 2 arranged in each column of the pixel array, and connected to the photodiodes included in the pixels of the corresponding column via (NA + NB) readout wirings and the readout wirings.
- the voltage value corresponding to the amount of charge A signal output unit that converts the output voltage value into a digital value by one or a plurality of analog / digital converters and outputs it, and generates scintillation light according to incident X-rays to convert an X-ray image into an optical image And a scintillator for outputting the optical image to the first and second pixel arrays, and one or a plurality of consecutive columns including the first column of the first pixel array, and the NB of the second pixel array One or a plurality of consecutive columns including the column is a dead region shielded from incident X-rays, and the signal output unit includes the first to nth columns (2 ⁇ n ⁇ NA) of the first pixel array.
- the digital values corresponding to each column are sequentially output from the first column to the nth column, or from the nth column to the first column, and in parallel with the output, From the (n + 1) th column of the one pixel array to the NAth column and the second pixel array.
- the digital value corresponding to each column to the NB columns via a column, and using the configuration for sequentially outputs with a reverse order of the first column to the n-th column of the first pixel array.
- the number of columns from the first column to the n-th column in the first pixel array is equal to the number of columns from the (n + 1) -th column to the NA-th column in the first pixel array. It may be configured to be equal to the sum of the number of columns of the first column to the NB column in the array. That is, by equalizing the number of columns in one region divided by the nth column and the number of columns in the other region, the waiting time in the digital value output operation becomes almost zero, which is necessary for imaging one frame. Time can be shortened more effectively.
- the present invention can be used as a solid-state imaging device that shortens the time required to capture one frame in a solid-state imaging device having a configuration in which pixel arrays formed on two substrates are tiled in the row direction. is there.
- SYMBOLS 1 Solid-state imaging device, 2 ... Base material, 3A, 3B ... Semiconductor substrate, 4A, 4B ... Scintillator, 5 ... X-ray shielding member, 6 ... Control part, 10A, 10B ... Pixel arrangement, 20 ... Signal output part, 21A 21L ... Signal reading unit, 22A-22L ... A / D converter, 23A-23L ... FIFO data buffer, 30A, 30B ... Scanning shift register, 31A, 31B ... Reading shift register, 100 ... X-ray imaging system, 104 ... pivot arm, 106 ... X-ray generator, 113 ... slide mechanism, A ... subject, A 2 ... amplifier, B ...
Abstract
Description
Claims (2)
- 入射したX線像に応じた画像データを生成する固体撮像装置であって、
フォトダイオードを各々含むM×NA個(M及びNAは2以上の整数)の画素がM行NA列に2次元配列されて成る第1の画素配列を有する第1の基板と、
フォトダイオードを各々含むM×NB個(NBはNAより小さい2以上の整数)の画素がM行NB列に2次元配列されて成り、その第1列が前記第1の画素配列の第NA列に沿って配置された第2の画素配列を有する第2の基板と、
前記第1及び第2の画素配列の各列毎に配設され、対応する列の前記画素に含まれる前記フォトダイオードと読出用スイッチを介して接続された(NA+NB)本の読出用配線と、
前記読出用配線を経て入力された電荷の量に応じた電圧値を保持し、その保持した電圧値を一又は複数のアナログ/ディジタル変換器によりディジタル値に変換して出力する信号出力部と、
入射したX線に応じてシンチレーション光を発生して前記X線像を光像へと変換し、該光像を前記第1及び第2の画素配列へ出力するシンチレータと
を備え、
前記第1の画素配列の第1列を含む一又は複数の連続した列、および前記第2の画素配列の第NB列を含む一又は複数の連続した列が、入射X線から遮蔽された不感領域となっており、
前記信号出力部は、前記第1の画素配列の第1列から第n列(2≦n<NA)までの各列に対応する前記ディジタル値を、第1列から開始して第n列まで、或いは第n列から開始して第1列まで順次に出力するとともに、該出力と並行して、前記第1の画素配列の第(n+1)列から、第NA列および前記第2の画素配列の第1列を経て第NB列までの各列に対応する前記ディジタル値を、前記第1の画素配列の第1列ないし第n列とは逆の順序でもって順次に出力する、ことを特徴とする固体撮像装置。 - 前記第1の画素配列における第1列ないし第n列の列数が、前記第1の画素配列における第(n+1)列ないし第NA列の列数と前記第2の画素配列における第1列ないし第NB列の列数との和に等しい、ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。
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