NL2010770C2 - A method of taking an x-ray image, and an x-ray device. - Google Patents

A method of taking an x-ray image, and an x-ray device. Download PDF

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NL2010770C2
NL2010770C2 NL2010770A NL2010770A NL2010770C2 NL 2010770 C2 NL2010770 C2 NL 2010770C2 NL 2010770 A NL2010770 A NL 2010770A NL 2010770 A NL2010770 A NL 2010770A NL 2010770 C2 NL2010770 C2 NL 2010770C2
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ray
mask
head
cephalostat
person
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NL2010770A
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Dutch (nl)
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Reinier Cornelis Hoogeveen
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Gentleceph B V
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Priority to NL2010770A priority Critical patent/NL2010770C2/en
Priority to EP14722375.4A priority patent/EP2986227A1/en
Priority to PCT/NL2014/050254 priority patent/WO2014171833A1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/04—Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/10—Safety means specially adapted therefor
    • A61B6/107—Protection against radiation, e.g. shielding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/51—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for dentistry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/50—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications
    • A61B6/501—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment specially adapted for specific body parts; specially adapted for specific clinical applications for diagnosis of the head, e.g. neuroimaging or craniography

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an x-ray device and method for taking an x-ray image of a skull of a person using a cephalostat. The cephalostat (104) comprises a first fixating organ (111) and a second fixating organ(112) for fixating ahead of the person at opposite sides of the head such that a sagital plane is transverse to a direction of an x-ray beam (101A) originating from an x-ray source(101). According to the invention,an outer contour of a shielded area (SA) is defined. The defined shielded area (SA) prevents a head from x-ray radiation and leaves landmarks for diagnostics accessible. The shielded area is valid for a large variety of individuals. Frequent adjustments to a shielding mask are no longer necessary for each individual. The shielded area is obtained by implementing a mask (150, 1) at the cephalostat for blocking a part of the x-ray beam.

Description

A method of taking an X-ray image, and an X-ray device
The present invention relates to a method of taking an X-ray image of a portion of a head of a person using a cephalostat, said method involving the use of - an x-ray source producing an x-ray beam, - an x-ray detector detecting x-ray radiation, and - a cephalostat, said cephalostat being present between the x-ray source and the x-ray detector where the cephalostat comprises - a first fixating organ comprising a tip, and - a second fixating organ comprising a tip, said fixating organs fixate the head of the person at opposite sides of the head with the tips located at the opening of the external auditory canals of the head such that the sagital plane of the head is transverse to the direction of the x-ray beam, the first fixating organ being between the second fixating organ and the x-ray source; the first fixating organ comprises a mask running parallel to the sagittal plane of the head for shielding part of the head and/or neck, and part of the x-ray radiation is prevented by the mask from reaching the x-ray detector.
Taking X-ray images is an important tool for obtaining diagnostic information. A cephalostat is a device for fixating the head of the person in a defined manner so as to ensure that the x-ray image taken is best for the purpose intended by the clinician. It also helps to ensure reproducibility, for example in case the x-ray image has to be compared with another x-ray image taken earlier or later, e.g. after surgery.
Exposure to x-rays is deemed undesirable and the dose received by a person should be as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA principle).
To this end, it is known from US4490616 to use a mask attached to the first fixating organ.
A problem is that head sizes are different, one obvious factor being the growth of the head that occurs from a child to a grown-up. If a mask is of the wrong size, either there is more exposure than necessary or one or more landmarks (diagnostically relevant structures) are hidden.
The object of the present invention is to reduce the x-ray dose received by the people whose x-ray images are taken when taking an x-ray image using a cephalostat with a reduced risk of hiding a landmark .
To this end, a method according to the preamble is characterized in that a point in a plane of the mask where a line from the centre of the tip of the first fixating organ to the x-ray source at the point where x-rays emanate crosses said plane of the mask defines the origin of a coordinate system parallel to the sagittal plane of the head of the person, the coordinate system having a Y-axis parallel to the coronal plane running towards the top of the head of the person and an X-axis running parallel to the transversal plane towards the face of the person, wherein the mask has a lower edge comprising range intervals with for
Figure NL2010770CD00031
Ylower edge is (39/44) *X + 31 ± n mm; for
Figure NL2010770CD00032
Ylower edge is (1/34)*X + 35 ± n mm; for
Figure NL2010770CD00033
Ylower edge is (1/2) *X + 17 ± n mm; where n is 6 mm, and in these intervals the upper edge of the mask YUpper ecjge is at least 65 mm.
Because the fixating organs of the cephalostat fixate the head in a pre-defined manner, i.e. with reference to the external auditory canals, the position of the mask with respect to the head is accurately known. It has been found that a mask having a lower edge as defined above is suitable for a wide variety of skull sizes/ages with little risk of obstructing important landmarks with excellent reduction of unnessary exposure of the subjects to x-ray radiation. In other words, the mask can be used to block parts of the head and/or neck that are not of interest to the clinician with little risk that still some part that was of interest is shielded from radiation even if the shadow cast by the mask is very close to the location of the reference point or landmark. In general, the x-ray source, the cephalostat and the detector will be part of a single device, although it is feasible that the x-ray source, x-ray detector and cephalostat are separate devices mounted in a room at fixed locations relative to one another. In the present application, the term x-ray detector encompasses an electronic detector, x-ray film and a photostimulable phosphorplate (PSP; a plate that is scanned after exposure). The term blocked means that the mask will attenuate the x-ray dose received by the mask by at least 40%. The attenuation achieved by the mask is preferably at least 80%. The mask contains for example a slab of lead. Depending on the x-ray source, it may not expose the whole (upper) part of the skull and in such a case the mask doesn't have to cover the upper part of the skull either. Another word for tip is earplug. The range interval of
Figure NL2010770CD00041
mm is preferably part of an extended range interval of
Figure NL2010770CD00042
mm with Y|ower edge being (1/2) *X + 17 ± n mm.
According to a favourable embodiment, the mask comprises a fourth interval defining a frontmost part of the mask, said interval being for
Figure NL2010770CD00043
where the X is (6/14) *Yfront edge + 44 ± n mm with n being 6 mm.
This results in a mask with an improved capability to leave landmarks in that area exposed irrespective of skull size while limiting unnecessary exposure to x-ray radiation.
According to a favourable embodiment, the mask comprises a fifth interval defining a second frontmost part of the mask, said interval being for
Figure NL2010770CD00044
where the X is (-8/15) *Yfront edge + 104 1 n Η™ with n being 6 mm.
This exposes a further landmark useful for clinical purposes with limited unnecessary exposure of people having relatively large skulls.
According to a favourable embodiment, n = 4 mm.
This combines an improved combination of a reduced risk of covering landmarks while while limiting unnecessary exposure to x-ray radiation.
According to a favourable embodiment, the cephalostat comprises a moveable slit and a moveable detector, the mask being between the head and the moveable slit when the x-ray image is taken.
This mask is capable of shielding a significant part of the x-ray beam from reaching parts of the head that are not of interest for orthodontic applications, thus significantly reducing the x-ray dose received by the person.
According to a favourable embodiment, the mask comprises a first region and a second region, the second region capable of allowing 3-55% of the x-ray radiation to pass whereas the first region allows passage of at most 40% of the x-ray radiation received by the mask and blocking at least 20% points of the x-ray radiation more than the second region.
Thus the second region provides a window for showing a landmark of the head on the image that is of high contrast (such as the front or top of the skull) such that it can be easily discerned even with a reduced dose of radiation. This allows for a further reduction of radiation exposure.
Finally, the present invention relates to an x-ray device comprising - an x-ray source capable of producing an x-ray beam, - an x-ray detector, and - a cephalostat, said cephalostat being present between the x-ray source and the x-ray detector where the cephalostat comprises a first fixating organ and a second fixating organ, said fixating organs being suitable for fixating a head of a person at opposite sides of the head such that the sagital plane of the head is transverse to the direction of the x-ray beam, the first fixating organ being between the second fixating organ and the x-ray source, wherein the first fixating organ has a mask for shielding part of the head and/or neck, said mask being a mask having a lower edge comprising range intervals for
Figure NL2010770CD00051
Ylower edge is (39/44) *X + 31 ± n mm; for
Figure NL2010770CD00052
Ylower edge is (1/34)*X + 35 ± n mm; for
Figure NL2010770CD00053
Ylower edge is (1/2)*X + 17 ± n mm; where n is 6 mm, and in these intervals the upper edge of the mask YUpper ecjge is at least 65 mm.
Such an x-ray device is very suitable for use in the method according to the invention. To avoid repetition and for the sake of brevity only, the embodiments discussed for the method according to the invention are applicable to the device claim as well, in any combination.
The present invention will now be illustrated with reference to the drawing where
Fig. 1 shows a front view of an x-ray device comprising a cephalostat;
Fig. 2 shows a sagittal view through a head; and
Fig. 3 shows the head of Fig. 2 partly blocked from radiation by a mask for taking orthodontic x-ray images.
Fig. 1 shows a front view of an x-ray device 100 comprising an x-ray source 101, a moveable x-ray detector 102, a moveable slit 103 capable of moving in synchronisation with the moveable x-ray detector 102 and a cephalostat 104 between the x-ray source 101 and the x-ray detector 102. The x-ray source 101, the x-ray detector 102 and the cephalostat 104 are all mounted on a yoke 105 that can be moved up and down with respect to a support 106 using a control unit 107 to accommodate for the length of a person for whom it is desired that an x-ray image (cephalogram) is to be taken.
The cephalostat comprises a first fixating organ 111 and a second fixating organ 112, both in the form of legs or struts and each comprising a tip 113, where tips 113 are to be received in the opening of the external auditory canals of a person. This contributes to achieving a defined position of the head of the person. The person is instructed to look straight forward.
To make an x-ray cephalogram, the x-ray source sends an x-ray beam towards the head of the person. The moveable x-ray detector 1012 and the moveable slit 103 are, for example, both oriented vertically and are moved horizontally along the sides of the head. Thus a scan is created.
The first fixating organ 111 is provided with a mask 150, for example made of lead. It may also be a heavy metal embedded in a matrix, such as a barium salt embedded in plastic. Such a mask is capable of shielding part of the head, reducing the dose of x-ray radiation received by the person.
The x-ray device 100 and method of taking an x-ray image as discussed above are known in the art.
It was investigated whether it would be possible to have a single mask with reduced exposure to x-ray radiation yet showing landmarks important for orthodontic purposes, even for various head sizes and shapes. More specifically it was investigated whether it would be possible to not irradiate the area of the head above the skull base, but without shielding parts that have cephalometric landmarks and without hampering the general overview of the face To this end, cephalograms of one hundred subjects of various age and etnicity were analyzed. A so called 'landmark free area' (LFA) was defined inside the calvarium above the skull base (delimited by + signs in Fig. 2) . Ten points located on the boundary of this LFA were plotted on these hundred cephalograms and the X and Y coordinates of these points of the viewing area (rectangle in Fig. 2) were recorded. The averaged coordinates of these points were plotted. The standard deviations of these coordinates were calculated. A line was drawn inside these plotted averaged coordinates at a distance of one standard deviation of 8 points. At the remaining two points a distance of two standard deviations was used. This was around the border points anterior clinoid and posterior clinoid. The reason that a bigger distance was kept around these points is because of the important landmark Sella that is situated close to those two points. If this point is not on the cephalogram due to the shielding, the cephalogram has lost a lot of diagnostic value and in fact may well have to be retaken. By clearing the two clinoid points by two standard deviations, the chance that these two points are blocked by the shield is 2,5%, the point Sella which again in the order of another standard deviations further away has an even remoter chance to not be displayed due to the shielding.
For landmarks designated with a plus symbol, arcuate lines are an indication of the boundary of the two standard deviations position.
Fig. 2 shows a number of landmarks that may be of interest to a clinician.
Landmarks A. A point B. B point C. Sella D. Nasion E. Orbitale F. Anterior Nasal Spine G. Upper Incisor Apex H. Upper Incisor adge I. Lower Incisor edge J. Lower Incisor Apex K. Pogonion L. Gnathion M. Menton N. Gonion O. Articulare P. Condylion Q. Basion R. Pterygoid point S. Posterior Nasal Spine T. Porion.
In addition to the diagnostically irrelevant LFA the posterior calvarium is deemed to be of no or little importance for orthodontic diagnostics. Many cephalometric x-ray machines do not record this area, others record them only when the dimensions of the head are small enough to fit on the image. This makes it justified to shield the back of the head completely exposing only two small areas that make it possible to reconstruct the form of the back of the head. The mask 150 shown in Fig. 3 has two optional windows 301 for this.
The mask 150 used in the method according to the present invention comprises a lower edge comprising the following intervals, with a Y|ower edge value within a range determined by n: 1: for
Figure NL2010770CD00081
Ylower edge is (39/44) *X + 31 ± n mm; 2: for
Figure NL2010770CD00082
Ylower edge Ys (1/34)*X + 35 ± n mm; and 3: for
Figure NL2010770CD00083
Ylower edge is (1/2)*X + 17 ± n mm, where n is 6 mm, and the origin defined by the centre of the earplug 113 of the first fixating organ 111.
To provide access to other landmarks, use may be made of one or more windows 301 discussed above. For the frontside of the head, landmarks may be exposed while avoiding excess unnecessary exposure to x-rays by a fourth and fifth range: 4:
Figure NL2010770CD00084
where the X is (6/14) *Yfront edge + 44 ± n mm with n being 6 mm; and 5:
Figure NL2010770CD00085
where the X is (-8/15) *Yfront edge + 104 - n 10111 with n being 6 mm, where n is 6 mm.
According to a preferred embodiment, the mask 150 comprise areas of different opaqueness, be it in the form of a gradient or stepwise. This allows for a window for showing landmarks on the image that may be of high contrast such that they can be easily discerned even with a reduced dose of radiation. Given the high contrast that the posterior calvarium landmarks display on x-ray images, the windows 301 may be semi-opaque, transmitting for example only 30% of the radiation. This reduces the radiation dose. Masks having a suitable limited transparency can be made by choosing the thickness of the blocking material and/or type of blocking material used.
While taking a cephalometric X-ray, the patients head is fixed in a cephalostat with two fixating organs 111, 112, each provided with an earplugs 113. These earplugs 113 show on the image as two rings (because of the divergent nature of the x-ray beam and the different distance to the x-ray source), one from the left side of the patient and one from the right side. These two rings are displayed on the image closely over each other. Because the cephalostat 104 is statically connected with the rest of the X-ray device 100 (the x-ray source 101 and the x-ray detector 102) the rings of the earplugs 113 are displayed always on the same position on the image. This is why we can use the relation of the image of the earplugs 113 to the LFA to transfer this to the position of a mask 150 that can be mounted onto the first fixating organ 111 which closest to the x-ray source 101 in relation to the earplugs 113 of the cephalostat 104.
Generally spoken, the method according to the present invention can be easily carried out using existing cephalostats which merely have to be provided with a mask suitable for that cephalostat, i.e. taking the shape of first fixating organ into account to securely fix the mask at the correct position (height). The mask 150 does not need to shield parts of the skull outside the bundle area (rectangle in Fig. 2 and 3).

Claims (7)

1. Werkwijze voor het nemen van een röntgenfoto van een deel van een hoofd van een persoon onder gebruikmaking van een cefalostaat (104), waarbij de genoemde werkwijze het gebruik omvat van - een röntgen-bron (101) die een röntgen-straal produceert, - een röntgen-detector (102) die röntgen-straling detecteert, en - een cefalostaat (104), waarbij de genoemde cefalostaat (104) zich tussen de röntgenbron (101) en de röntgen-detector (102) bevindt waarbij de cefalostaat (104) - een eerste fixerend orgaan (111) dat een uiteinde (113) omvat, en - een tweede fixerend orgaan (112) dat een uiteinde (113) omvat, omvat; waarbij de genoemde fixerende organen (111, 112) het hoofd van het persoon aan tegenovergelegen zijden van het hoofd fixeren met de uiteinden (113) die zich ter plaatse van de opening van de uitwendige gehoorkanalen van het hoofd bevinden zodanig dat het sagitale vlak van het hoofd dwars op de richting van de röntgen-straal staat, waarbij het eerste fixerende orgaan (111) zich tussen het tweede fixerende orgaan (112) en de röntgen-bron (101) bevindt; het eerste fixerende orgaan (111) een masker (150) omvat dat parallel loopt met het sagitale vlak van het hoofd voor het afschermen van een deel van het hoofd en/of de nek, en door het masker (150) wordt voorkómen dat een deel van de röntgen-straling de röntgen-detector (102) bereikt, met het kenmerk, dat een punt in een vlak van het masker (150) waar een lijn van het centrum van het uiteinde (113) van het eerste fixerende orgaan (111) naar de röntgen-bron (101) bij het punt waar röntgenstralen uittreden, het genoemde vlak van het masker (150) kruist, de oorsprong van een coördinatenstelsel definieert dat parallel is met het sagitale vlak van het hoofd van de persoon, waarbij het coördinatenstelsel een Y-as heeft die parallel loopt met het coronale vlak dat naar de bovenkant van het hoofd van het persoon loopt en een X-as die parallel loopt met het transversale vlak naar het gezicht van de persoon, waarbij het masker (150) een onderrand heeft die bereik-intervallen omvat van voorA method for taking an X-ray of a part of a person's head using a cephalostat (104), said method comprising the use of - an X-ray source (101) producing an X-ray, - an x-ray detector (102) which detects x-ray radiation, and - a cephalostat (104), wherein said cephalostat (104) is located between the x-ray source (101) and the x-ray detector (102) with the cephalostat (104) - a first fixing member (111) comprising an end (113), and - a second fixing member (112) comprising an end (113); said fixation members (111, 112) fixing the person's head on opposite sides of the head with the ends (113) located at the opening of the head's external auditory channels such that the sagital surface of the head is substantially transverse to the direction of the X-ray, the first fixing member (111) being located between the second fixing member (112) and the X-ray source (101); the first fixation member (111) comprises a mask (150) which is parallel to the sagital surface of the head for shielding a part of the head and / or the neck, and the mask (150) prevents a part of the X-ray radiation reaches the X-ray detector (102), characterized in that a point in a plane of the mask (150) where a line from the center of the end (113) of the first fixing member (111) to the X-ray source (101) at the point where X-rays emerge, intersects said face of the mask (150), defines the origin of a coordinate system that is parallel to the sagital face of the person's head, the coordinate system being a Has a Y-axis that runs parallel to the coronal plane that runs to the top of the person's head and an X-axis that runs parallel to the transverse plane to the person's face, the mask (150) having a lower edge which includes range intervals of voo r is Yoncjerrancj (39/44) *X + 31 ± n mm; voorYoncjerranc is (39/44) * X + 31 ± n mm; in front of is Yonderrand (1/34) *X + 35 ± n mm; voorYonderrand is (1/34) * X + 35 ± n mm; in front of is Yonderrand (1/2) *X + 17 ± n mm; waarbij n 6 mm is, en bij deze intervallen de bovenrand van het masker Ybovenrand zich bij ten minste 65 mm bevindt.Yonderrand is (1/2) * X + 17 ± n mm; where n is 6 mm, and at these intervals the upper edge of the mask Y upper edge is at least 65 mm. 2. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarbij het masker een vierde interval omvat dat een voorste deel van het masker definieert, waarbij het genoemde intervalThe method of claim 1, wherein the mask comprises a fourth interval that defines an anterior portion of the mask, said interval is waarbij de X (6/14) * Yvoorste rand + 44 ± n mm is, waarbij n 6 mm is.is where the X (6/14) * Y leading edge is + 44 ± n mm, where n is 6 mm. 3. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 2, waarbij het masker een vijfde interval omvat die een tweede voorste deel van het masker definieert, waarbij het genoemde intervalThe method of claim 2, wherein the mask comprises a fifth interval defining a second anterior portion of the mask, said interval is waarbij de X (-8/15) *Yvoorste rand + 104 ± n mm is, waarbij n 6 mm is .is where the X (-8/15) * Y leading edge is + 104 ± n mm, where n is 6 mm. 4. Werkwijze volgens een der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij n = 4 mm.A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein n = 4 mm. 5. Werkwijze volgens een der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij de cefalostaat (104) een beweegbare sleuf (103) en een beweegbare detector (102) omvat, waarbij het masker (150) zich tussen het hoofd en de beweegbare sleuf (103) bevindt op het moment dat de röntgenfoto wordt genomen.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the cephalostat (104) comprises a movable slot (103) and a movable detector (102), the mask (150) being located between the head and the movable slot (103) on the moment the X-ray is taken. 6. Werkwijze volgens een der voorgaande conclusies, waarbij het masker (150) een eerste gebied en een tweede gebied omvat, waarbij het tweede gebied in staat is om 3-55% van de röntgen-straling door te laten terwijl het eerste gebied ten hoogste 40% van de door het masker (150) ontvangen röntgen-straling doorlaat en ten minste 20% punten meer van de röntgen-straling blokkeert dan het tweede gebied.The method of any preceding claim, wherein the mask (150) comprises a first region and a second region, the second region being capable of transmitting 3-55% of the X-ray radiation while the first region is at most 40% of the X-ray received by the mask (150) transmits and blocks at least 20% more points of the X-ray than the second region. 7. Röntgen-inrichting (100) die het volgende omvat - een röntgen-bron (101) die een röntgen-straal kan produceren, - een röntgen-detector (102), en - een cefalostaat (104), waarbij de genoemde cefalostaat (104) aanwezig is tussen de röntgen-bron (101) en de röntgen-detector (102) waarbij de cefalostaat (104) een eerste fixerend orgaan (111) en een tweede fixerend orgaan (112) omvat, waarbij de genoemde fixerende organen (111, 112) geschikt zijn voor het fixeren van een hoofd van een persoon bij tegenovergelegen zijden van het hoofd zodanig dat het sagitale vlak van het hoofd dwars staat op de richting van de röntgen-straal, waarbij het eerste fixerende orgaan (111) zich tussen het tweede fixerende orgaan (112) en de röntgen-bron (101) bevindt, met het kenmerk, dat het eerste fixerende orgaan (111) een masker (150) heeft voor het afschermen van een deel van het hoofd en/of de nek, waarbij het genoemde masker (150) een masker is met een onderrand die de volgende bereik-intervallen omvat voorAn X-ray device (100) comprising - an X-ray source (101) capable of producing an X-ray, - an X-ray detector (102), and - a cephalostat (104), said cephalostat ( 104) is present between the X-ray source (101) and the X-ray detector (102), wherein the cephalostat (104) comprises a first fixing member (111) and a second fixing member (112), said fixing members (111) 112) are suitable for fixing a person's head at opposite sides of the head such that the sagital surface of the head is transverse to the direction of the X-ray, the first fixing member (111) being located between the second fixation member (112) and the X-ray source (101), characterized in that the first fixation member (111) has a mask (150) for shielding a portion of the head and / or neck, wherein said mask (150) is a mask with a bottom edge that has the following range interval n includes for ^onderrand is (39/44) *X + 31 ± n mm; voor^ lower edge is (39/44) * X + 31 ± n mm; in front of Yonderrand is (1/34)*X + 35 ± n mm; voorYonderrand is (1/34) * X + 35 ± n mm; in front of Yonderrand is (1/2) *X + 17 ± n mm; waarbij n 6 mm is, en bij deze intervallen de bovenrand van het masker Ybovenrand zich bij ten minste 65 mm bevindt.Yonderrand is (1/2) * X + 17 ± n mm; where n is 6 mm, and at these intervals the upper edge of the mask Y upper edge is at least 65 mm.
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