WO2009153927A1 - スパークプラグ - Google Patents
スパークプラグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009153927A1 WO2009153927A1 PCT/JP2009/002521 JP2009002521W WO2009153927A1 WO 2009153927 A1 WO2009153927 A1 WO 2009153927A1 JP 2009002521 W JP2009002521 W JP 2009002521W WO 2009153927 A1 WO2009153927 A1 WO 2009153927A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- spark plug
- center electrode
- ground electrode
- electrode
- base
- Prior art date
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 86
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 62
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 38
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/39—Selection of materials for electrodes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spark plug.
- a spark plug In order to improve fuel efficiency and reduce unburned gas, a spark plug is required to have improved ignition performance, and in order to meet such a demand, a spark plug using a noble metal member as a center electrode or a ground electrode is known. Further, in such a spark plug, there is known a technique for further improving the ignitability by providing a narrow portion in the ground electrode (for example, Patent Document 1).
- An object of the present invention is to improve the ignitability in a spark plug which does not use a noble metal member for the center electrode or the ground electrode.
- the spark plug which is one mode of the present invention was constituted as follows. That is, a central electrode extending in the axial direction, an insulator provided on the outer periphery of the central electrode, a cylindrical metal shell surrounding the radial direction of the insulator, and a discharge surface perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the axial direction And a ground electrode forming a spark gap between the discharge surface and the tip of the center electrode, wherein neither the center electrode nor the ground electrode includes a noble metal member, and the axial direction
- the ground electrode is joined to the metal shell, and A base which exists above the discharge surface, and a tip which is provided continuously to the base and which is lower than the base and which has the discharge surface, and which is orthogonal to the axial direction, From the base Assuming that the direction toward the recording center electrode is a first direction, the width of
- the spark plug described above can also be in the following mode.
- a central electrode extending in the axial direction, an insulator provided on the outer periphery of the central electrode, a cylindrical metal shell surrounding the radial direction of the insulator, and a discharge surface perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the axial direction
- the ground electrode forming a spark gap between the discharge surface and the tip of the center electrode, wherein neither the center electrode nor the ground electrode includes a noble metal member, and the axial direction
- the ground electrode is joined to the metal shell,
- a base which exists above the discharge surface, and a tip which is provided continuously to the base and which is lower than the base and which has the discharge surface, and which is orthogonal to the axial direction , Said base
- the direction toward the center electrode is a first direction
- the width of the center electrode viewed from the first direction is Da
- the width of the base viewed from the first direction is Da
- the spark plug described above can also be in the following mode.
- a central electrode extending in the axial direction, an insulator provided on the outer periphery of the central electrode, a cylindrical metal shell surrounding the radial direction of the insulator, and a discharge surface perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the axial direction
- the ground electrode forming a spark gap between the discharge surface and the tip of the center electrode, wherein neither the center electrode nor the ground electrode includes a noble metal member, and the axial direction
- the ground electrode is joined to the metal shell, A base which exists above the discharge surface, and a tip which is provided continuously to the base and is lower than the base and which has the discharge surface, and which is orthogonal to the axial direction, From the base Assuming that the direction toward the recording center electrode is a first direction, the width of the center electrode viewed from the first direction is Da, and the width of the base viewed from the
- the spark plug according to claim 1, wherein the discharge surface is a surface corresponding to the position of the chord cut in the substantially straight line.
- the length of the chord cut in the substantially straight line may be 0.57 mm or more. In this way, the same effect as the above-described spark plug can be obtained while securing the durability of the ground electrode.
- a shadow of the ground electrode projected onto the center electrode is 2 of the tip surface of the center electrode.
- the ground electrode and the center electrode may be formed so as not to be formed on any of the two shoulders. In this way, since discharge of the spark plug tends to occur between the two shoulders of the center electrode and the ground electrode, the air-fuel mixture discharges regardless of the orientation of the ground electrode when attached to the engine. It will be easier to reach the position of sparks. As a result, the ignitability can be improved.
- a width of the tip end viewed from the first direction may be equal to a width of the base.
- the cross section orthogonal to the axial direction of the center electrode may be circular with a diameter DD satisfying 1.3 mm ⁇ DD ⁇ 2 mm.
- the base and the tip of the ground electrode may have the same cross-sectional area, and the cross-sectional area may be 1 mm 2 or more. In this way, the same effect as the above-described spark plug can be obtained while securing the durability of the ground electrode.
- the screw diameter of the screw engaged with the engine head of the metal shell may be M10 or less.
- the center electrode may be a Ni alloy containing 96.5 wt% or more of Ni. In this way, the ignition performance can be improved while securing the durability of the center electrode.
- the ground electrode may be a Ni alloy containing 15 wt% or more of Cr. In this way, the ignition performance can be improved while securing the durability of the ground electrode.
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spark plug 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100 according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100 in the first embodiment as viewed from the right direction OR (FIG. 2).
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100 in the first embodiment as viewed from the left direction OL (FIG. 2). It is an enlarged view when the front-end
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the results of an ignition performance evaluation test regarding the ground electrode width of the spark plug 100.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing another result of an ignition performance evaluation test on the ground electrode width of spark plug 100. It is a figure which shows the result of the ignition property evaluation test implemented changing the installation direction of the spark plug 100.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the other result of the ignition performance evaluation test implemented by changing the installation direction of the spark plug 100.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the result of the ignition property evaluation test regarding the ground electrode width of the spark plug 100a. It is a figure which shows the other result of the ignition performance evaluation test regarding the ground electrode width of the spark plug 100a. It is a figure which shows the result of the ignition property evaluation test implemented changing the installation direction of the spark plug 100a. It is a figure which shows the result of the ignition property evaluation test regarding chamfering dimension R of the ground electrode of the spark plug 100a. It is a figure which shows the other result of the ignition property evaluation test regarding the chamfering dimension R of the ground electrode of the spark plug 100a.
- FIG. 2 It is a figure which shows the result of the durability evaluation test implemented changing the cross-sectional area of a ground electrode. It is an enlarged view when the front-end
- FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spark plug 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100 is referred to as the vertical direction in the drawing, and the lower side is described as the front end side of the spark plug 100 and the upper side as the rear end side.
- the spark plug 100 includes an insulator 10 as an insulator, a metal shell 50 for holding the insulator 10, a center electrode 20 held in the axial direction OD in the insulator 10, a ground electrode 30, and an insulator 10 And a terminal fitting 40 provided at the rear end of the housing.
- the insulator 10 is formed by firing alumina or the like, and has a cylindrical shape in which an axial hole 12 extending in the axial direction OD is formed at the axial center.
- a flange portion 19 having the largest outer diameter is formed substantially at the center of the axial direction OD, and a rear end side body portion 18 is formed at the rear end side (upper side in FIG. 1).
- a distal end side body portion 17 having an outer diameter smaller than that of the rear end side body portion 18 is formed on the distal end side (lower side in FIG. 1) than the flange portion 19 and further on the distal end side than the distal end side body portion 17
- a long leg portion 13 whose outer diameter is smaller than that of the front end side body portion 17 is formed.
- the leg length portion 13 is reduced in diameter toward the tip end side, and is exposed to the combustion chamber when the spark plug 100 is attached to the engine head 200 of the internal combustion engine.
- a step 15 is formed between the long leg 13 and the front end side body 17.
- the metal shell 50 is a cylindrical metal fitting for fixing the spark plug 100 to the engine head 200 of the internal combustion engine.
- the metal shell 50 holds the insulator 10 inside so as to surround a portion from the rear end side body portion 18 to the leg length portion 13.
- the metal shell 50 is formed of a low carbon steel material, and has a tool engaging portion 51 to which a spark plug wrench (not shown) is fitted and a screw thread screwed into a mounting screw hole 201 of the engine head 200 provided on the upper portion of the internal combustion engine.
- a mounting screw portion 52 formed.
- the mounting screw portion 52 preferably has an outer diameter (a screw diameter of a screw engaged with the engine head) of M10 or less.
- a hook-shaped seal portion 54 is formed between the tool engaging portion 51 of the metal shell 50 and the mounting screw portion 52.
- An annular gasket 5 formed by bending a plate is inserted into a screw neck 59 between the mounting screw portion 52 and the seal portion 54.
- the gasket 5 is crushed and deformed between the bearing surface 55 of the seal portion 54 and the opening peripheral portion 205 of the mounting screw hole 201. The deformation of the gasket 5 seals the space between the spark plug 100 and the engine head 200, and airtight leakage in the engine through the mounting screw hole 201 is prevented.
- a thin crimped portion 53 is provided on the rear end side of the metal fitting 50 with respect to the tool engaging portion 51. Further, similarly to the caulking portion 53, a thin buckling portion 58 is provided between the seal portion 54 and the tool engagement portion 51.
- Annular ring members 6 and 7 are interposed between the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell 50 from the tool engaging portion 51 to the caulking portion 53 and the outer peripheral surface of the rear end side body portion 18 of the insulator 10. Further, powder of talc (talc) is filled between the two ring members 6 and 7. By caulking the caulking portion 53 so as to bend inward, the insulator 10 is pressed toward the tip end inside the metal shell 50 through the ring members 6 and 7 and the talc 9.
- the stepped portion 15 of the insulator 10 is supported on the step portion 56 formed at the position of the mounting screw portion 52 on the inner periphery of the metal shell 50 via the annular plate packing 8, and the metal shell 50 and the insulation
- the forceps 10 are integrated.
- the buckling portion 58 is configured to be flexed and deformed outward with the application of a compressive force at the time of caulking, and the compression length in the axial direction OD of the talc 9 is increased to airtight the inside of the metal shell 50. I am raising sex.
- a clearance of a predetermined size is provided between the metal shell 50 and the insulator 10 at the tip end side of the step 56.
- the center electrode 20 is made of copper or copper which is more excellent in thermal conductivity than the electrode base material 21 inside the electrode base material 21 formed of nickel or a nickel-based alloy such as Inconel (trade name) 600 or 601. It is a rod-like electrode having a structure in which a core 25 made of an alloy containing as a main component is embedded.
- the center electrode 20 is manufactured by packing the core material 25 in the inside of the electrode base material 21 formed in a bottomed cylindrical shape, and performing extrusion molding from the bottom side and drawing it.
- the core member 25 has a substantially constant outer diameter in the body portion, but a reduced diameter portion is formed on the tip end side.
- the center electrode 20 is extended toward the rear end in the shaft hole 12 and electrically connected to the rear (upper in FIG. 1) terminal fitting 40 through the seal body 4 and the ceramic resistor 3 (FIG. 1). It is connected.
- a high voltage cable (not shown) is connected to the terminal fitting 40 through a plug cap (not shown), and a high voltage is applied.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100 in the first embodiment.
- the front end portion of the spark plug 100 includes a metal shell 50, an insulator 10, a center electrode 20, and a ground electrode 30.
- the insulator 10 protrudes from the front end surface 57 of the metal shell 50.
- the center electrode 20 is protruded from the tip end surface 11 of the insulator 10.
- the center electrode 20 preferably has a substantially circular cross section in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the center electrode (hereinafter also referred to as “cross section of the center electrode 20”).
- the electrode base material of the ground electrode 30 is made of a metal having high corrosion resistance, and a nickel alloy is used as an example. In this embodiment, a nickel alloy called InconelTM 600 (INC 600) is used.
- the ground electrode 30 has a substantially rectangular cross section in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode (hereinafter also referred to as "the cross section of the ground electrode 30").
- the base end (one end) 34 of the ground electrode 30 is joined to the front end surface 57 of the metal shell 50 by welding.
- a discharge surface 32 which is one side surface of the tip end portion (other end portion) 31 of the ground electrode 30 is bent to face the tip end surface 22 of the center electrode 20.
- a spark gap is formed between the discharge surface 32 and the end surface 22 of the center electrode 20.
- the spark gap can be, for example, about 0.6 to 1.2 mm.
- a portion from the base end portion 34 to the position of the discharge surface 32 is referred to as a base portion 33.
- the composition of the center electrode and the ground electrode base material is not limited to the above nickel alloy, for example, about 0.7 wt% of silicon (Si) component, about 1 wt% of aluminum (Al) component, manganese (Mn (Mn)
- the Ni alloy may contain about 0.2 wt% of the component C), about 0.03 wt% of the carbon (C) component, and 0.2 wt% of the rare earth component.
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100 in the first embodiment as viewed from the right direction OR (FIG. 2).
- the width of i) the center electrode 20, ii) the base 33, and iii) the tip 31 when the spark plug 100 is viewed in the direction orthogonal to the axial direction OD and connecting the base 33 and the center electrode 20 Compare.
- the width Da of the center electrode 20 (hereinafter also referred to as “center electrode width Da”) is larger than the width Db of the base 33 (Db ⁇ Da).
- the diameter DD of the tip surface 22 of the center electrode 20 when viewed from the direction opposite to the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100 be 1.3 mm or more and 2 mm or less .
- the cross-sectional area (Sa ⁇ Sb) in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode 30 is preferably 1 mm 2 or more.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100 in the first embodiment as viewed from the left direction OL (FIG. 2). As shown in FIG. 4, even when viewed from the left direction OL, the two shoulders 20 c of the tip surface 22 of the center electrode 20 can be seen from both ends of the base 33 of the ground electrode 30. There is.
- the advantages of this configuration are as follows.
- the installation of the spark plug in the combustion chamber is performed by screwing the attachment screw portion 52 of the spark plug 100 into the attachment screw hole 201 of the engine head 200.
- the direction in which the spark plug 100 is installed in the combustion chamber varies from product to product.
- the positions of the intake valve and the exhaust valve in the combustion chamber are fixed. Therefore, depending on the orientation of the ground electrode of the spark plug in the combustion chamber, the ground electrode may become a wall to prevent air-fuel mixture from flowing into the spark point.
- the orientation of the ground electrode in the combustion chamber greatly affects the ignition performance.
- the two shoulders 20c of the center electrode 20 can be seen from both ends of the base 33 of the ground electrode 30, even when viewed from the left direction OL.
- discharge of the spark plug tends to occur between the end of the center electrode and the end of the ground electrode, and therefore, when viewed from the left direction OL of one end of the end face of the center electrode.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100a according to the second embodiment as viewed from the right direction OR (FIG. 2).
- the difference from the spark plug 100 in the first embodiment is only the shape of the ground electrode 30a.
- curvilinear chamfering (so-called R-chamfering) is performed at four corners when viewed from the cross section of the ground electrode 30a.
- the dimension (curvature radius R) of this R-chamfer is preferably 0.3 mm or more.
- the cross section of the ground electrode 30a may be chamfered in a straight line at its four corners. It is preferable to perform so-called C chamfering as linear chamfering.
- the chamfering dimension of the linear chamfered portion is also preferably 0.3 mm or more.
- the cross section of the ground electrode 30a As described above, by making the cross section of the ground electrode 30a substantially elliptical, it is possible to promote the flow of the air-fuel mixture into the spark gap. As a result, it is possible to improve the ignitability while maintaining a sufficient thickness of the ground electrode.
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100b according to the third embodiment as viewed from the right direction OR (FIG. 2).
- the difference from the spark plug 100 in the first embodiment is that the spark plug 100b is orthogonal to the axial direction OD, and the point Sa of the tip 31b is wide when viewed from the direction connecting the base 33b and the center electrode 20. Only.
- the width Sa of the tip portion 31 b, the center electrode width Da, and the ground electrode width Db satisfy the relationship of the following equation. Sa ⁇ Da> Db
- the width of i) the center electrode 20 and ii) the base 33b when the spark plug 100b is viewed in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction OD and connecting the base 33b and the center electrode 20 is the first embodiment.
- Db / Da ⁇ 0.99 it is preferable to satisfy Db / Da ⁇ 0.92.
- the diameter DD (FIG. 3) of the front end surface 22 of the center electrode 20 when viewed from the opposite direction to the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100b is 1.3 mm or more and 2 mm or less It is preferable to do.
- the cross-sectional area (Sa ⁇ Sb) in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode 30b is preferably 1 mm 2 or more.
- the air-fuel mixture is at the position of spark
- the ignition performance can be improved.
- FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100c in the fourth embodiment as viewed from the right direction OR (FIG. 2).
- the difference from the spark plug 100a in the second embodiment is that the spark plug 100c is orthogonal to the axial direction OD, and the point Sa of the tip 31c is wide when viewed from the direction connecting the base 33c and the center electrode 20. Only.
- the width Sa of the tip portion 31c, the center electrode width Da, and the ground electrode width Db satisfy the relationship of the following equation. Sa ⁇ Da> Db
- the second embodiment is the width of i) the center electrode 20 and ii) the base 33c when the spark plug 100c is viewed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction OD and connecting the base 33c and the center electrode 20.
- Db / Da ⁇ 0.99 it is preferable to satisfy Db / Da ⁇ 0.99.
- the diameter DD (FIG. 3) of the front end surface 22 of the center electrode 20 when viewed in the direction opposite to the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100c is 1.3 mm or more and 2 mm or less It is preferable to do.
- the cross-sectional area in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode 30 c is preferably 1 mm 2 or more.
- FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100d according to the fifth embodiment as viewed from the right direction OR (FIG. 2).
- the difference from the spark plug 100 in the first embodiment is only the shape of the ground electrode 30d.
- the ground electrode 30 d has a shape in which a part of a substantially circular cross section in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode 30 is cut by a substantially straight line. That is, the ground electrode 30d before being bent is a substantially cylindrical member whose part is cut in the length direction.
- the ground electrode 30d is joined to the metal shell 50 in a direction in which the surface corresponding to the position of the chord cut into a substantially straight line becomes the discharge surface 32d after bending.
- this string is also referred to as "flat portion”.
- the length of the chord is also referred to as “flat portion length Sc”.
- the length Sc of the flat portion (hereinafter also referred to as “flat portion length Sc”) is preferably 0.57 mm or more, and more preferably 0.75 mm or more.
- a part corresponding to the base 33d may not be cut out, and only a part to be the discharge surface 32d may be cut after bending.
- the spark plug 100d is orthogonal to the axial direction OD thereof and viewed from the direction connecting the base 33d and the center electrode 20, the widths of i) the center electrode 20 and ii) the base 33d are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the following is. That is, it is preferable to satisfy Db / Da ⁇ 0.99, and it is more preferable to satisfy Db / Da ⁇ 0.92.
- the diameter DD (FIG. 3) of the tip surface 22 of the center electrode 20 when viewed from the direction opposite to the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100d is 1.3 mm or more and 2 mm or less It is preferable to do.
- the cross-sectional area in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode 30 d is preferably 1 mm 2 or more.
- the mixture gas can be further promoted into the spark gap.
- the shape of the base is substantially cylindrical, the air-fuel mixture is smoothly delivered to the spark point. As a result, it is possible to improve the ignitability while maintaining a sufficient thickness of the ground electrode.
- FIG. 19 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the tip of the center electrode 20 of the spark plug 100 e according to the sixth embodiment as viewed from the right direction OR (FIG. 2).
- the difference from the spark plug 100d in the fifth embodiment is that the diameter Sa of the tip portion 31e when the spark plug 100e is orthogonal to the axial direction OD and viewed from the direction connecting the base 33e and the center electrode 20 is thick Only.
- the diameter Sa of the end portion 31 e, the center electrode width Da, and the ground electrode width Db satisfy the relationship of the following equation. Sa ⁇ Da> Db
- the fifth embodiment is the width of i) the center electrode 20 and ii) the base 33e when the spark plug 100e is viewed in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction OD and connecting the base 33e and the center electrode 20.
- Db / Da ⁇ 0.99 it is preferable to satisfy Db / Da ⁇ 0.92.
- the diameter DD (FIG. 3) of the front end surface 22 of the center electrode 20 when viewed in the direction opposite to the axial direction OD of the spark plug 100e is 1.3 mm or more and 2 mm or less It is preferable to do.
- the cross-sectional area in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode 30 e is preferably 1 mm 2 or more.
- the shape of the base is substantially cylindrical, the flow of the air-fuel mixture into the spark gap is further promoted. As a result, it is possible to improve the ignitability while maintaining a sufficient thickness of the ground electrode. Moreover, it is possible to improve durability by thickening the tip portion.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing the result of the ignition performance evaluation test regarding the ground electrode width of the spark plug 100.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing another result of the ignitability evaluation test on the ground electrode width of the spark plug 100.
- a spark plug was attached to a 2000 cc, 6-cylinder DOHC gasoline engine, and idling operation was performed at an intake pressure of -550 mmHg and 750 rpm. Then, the ignition timing of the spark plug was advanced to measure an ignition timing at which no misfire or the like occurs (hereinafter, referred to as “stable combustion limit advance angle”).
- the spark plug of the sample used at this time is the spark plug 100 shown as the first embodiment, and the protrusion size of the insulator 10 from the front end surface 57 of the metal shell 50 is 1.5 mm.
- the projection size of the center electrode 20 from the end face 11 is 1.5 mm.
- FIG. 8A shows the experimental results of Samples # 1 to # 11 in which the center electrode width Da (FIG. 3) is fixed to 1.5 mm.
- FIG. 9A shows experimental results of Samples # 21 to # 31 in which the center electrode width Da (FIG. 3) is fixed to 2.0 mm. Then, for each sample, the stable combustion limit advance angle ( ⁇ BTDC) is obtained while changing the ground electrode width Db (FIG. 3), and the ratio is represented by “ignition reduction rate (%)”. The ignitability reduction rate was determined by the following equation.
- Ignition property decrease rate (%) [stable combustion limit advance angle in the direction of poor ignition performance (.BTDC)] / [stable combustion limit advance angle in the direction of good ignition performance (.BTDC)]
- FIG. 8 (B) is a graph of the evaluation result of FIG. 8 (A).
- FIG. 9 (B) is a graph of the evaluation result of FIG. 9 (A).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the results of the ignition performance evaluation test performed with the installation direction of the spark plug 100 changed.
- a spark plug was attached to a six-cylinder DOHC type gasoline engine with a displacement of 2000 cc, and idling operation was performed at an intake pressure of -550 mmHg and 750 rpm. Then, the ignition timing of the spark plug was advanced, and the ignition timing (stable combustion limit advance angle) at which a misfire did not occur was measured.
- the plug used at this time is the spark plug 100 shown as the first embodiment, and further, the protrusion dimension of the insulator 10 from the end surface 57 of the metal shell 50 is 1.5 mm, and the end surface 11 of the insulator 10 Of the center electrode 20 is 1.5 mm.
- FIG. 10A shows the spark plug used in this evaluation.
- Comparative Example # 41 one having a center electrode width Da of 1.5 mm and a ground electrode width Db of 1.7 mm was used.
- Example # 42 used the thing similar to sample # 1 of FIG. 8 (A).
- FIGS. 10 (B) and (C) show the installation direction of the spark plug in this evaluation.
- FIG. 10 (B) shows a case where the front end portion 31 of the ground electrode of the spark plug 100 is installed so as to face the exhaust valve side.
- FIG. 10C shows the case where the tip end portion 31 of the ground electrode of the spark plug 100 is installed so as to face the intake valve side.
- the spark plug 100 has the lowest ignition performance when installed in the direction of FIG. 10B, and the highest ignition performance when installed in the direction of FIG. 10C.
- FIGS. 10 (B) and 10 (C) show the configuration of the engine used in this evaluation test in a greatly simplified manner.
- the flow of air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber is not uniquely determined by the position of the valve because various factors such as the shape of the intake pipe and the structure in the combustion chamber affect the flow of the air-fuel mixture.
- FIG. 10D shows the evaluation test in which the spark plug is installed on the IN side (FIG. 10B) and the EX side (FIG. 10C) for each of Comparative Example # 41 and Example # 42.
- the ignitability reduction rate was determined by the following equation.
- Ignition property decrease rate (%) [stable combustion limit advance angle in the direction of poor ignition ability (IN side) ( ⁇ BTDC)] / [stable combustion limit advance angle in the direction of good ignition performance (EX side) ( ⁇ BTDC)]
- FIG. 10 (E) is a graph of the evaluation result.
- the spark plug of Example # 42 has a significantly improved stable combustion limit advance angle (.BTDC) when installed in a direction in which the ignition performance is worse than that of Comparative Example # 41. I understand that. Also, it can be seen that the variation in the ignition performance is suppressed when installed in the direction with good ignition performance and when installed in the direction with poor ignition performance.
- .BTDC stable combustion limit advance angle
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing another result of the ignitability evaluation test carried out with the installation direction of the spark plug 100 changed.
- Comparative Example # 51 one having a center electrode width Da of 2.0 mm and a ground electrode width Db of 2.2 mm was used.
- Example # 52 used the thing similar to sample # 1 of FIG. 8 (A).
- tip part 31 of the ground electrode so that it might face the exhaust valve side (FIG. 9 (B)) was made into 0 degree.
- the stable combustion limit advance angle (.BTDC) was measured while being shifted clockwise by 45 degrees.
- the portion at 0 degrees indicates the stable combustion limit advance angle (.BTDC) when the sample spark plug is installed in the direction in which the ignitability is the worst.
- the portion of 180 degrees indicates the stable combustion limit advance angle (.BTDC) when the sample is installed in the direction in which the ignitability is the best.
- the spark plug of Example # 52 has a significantly improved stable combustion limit advance angle (.BTDC) compared to Comparative Example # 51. Also, it can be seen that the variation in the ignition performance is suppressed when installed in the direction with good ignition performance and when installed in the direction with poor ignition performance.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the result of the ignition performance evaluation test regarding the ground electrode width of the spark plug 100a.
- FIG. 13 is a view showing another result of the ignitability evaluation test on the ground electrode width of the spark plug 100a.
- These ignitability evaluation tests were conducted according to the methods described in FIGS. 8 and 9.
- the spark plug of the sample used at this time is the spark plug 100a shown as the second embodiment, and further, the protrusion dimension of the insulator 10 from the front end surface 57 of the metal shell 50 is 1.5 mm, the insulator The projection size of the center electrode 20 from the tip surface 11 of 10 is 1.5 mm.
- FIG. 12A an experiment of samples # 71 to # 78 in which the center electrode width Da (FIG. 5) is fixed at 1.5 mm and the chamfering dimension R (FIG. 5) of the ground electrode is fixed at 0.3 mm. The results are shown. In these samples, R-chamfering was adopted as a chamfering shape.
- FIG. 13A an experiment of samples # 81 to # 88 in which the center electrode width Da (FIG. 5) is fixed to 2.0 mm and the chamfering dimension R (FIG. 5) of the ground electrode is fixed to 0.3 mm. The results are shown. Then, for each sample, the stable combustion limit advance angle ( ⁇ BTDC) is obtained while changing the ground electrode width Db (FIG. 5), and the ratio is represented by the “ignitability reduction rate (%)”. The method of calculating the rate of decrease in ignitability is as described in FIG.
- FIG. 12 (B) is a graph of the evaluation result of FIG. 12 (A).
- FIG. 13 (B) is a graph of the evaluation result of FIG. 13 (A).
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the results of the ignition performance evaluation test performed by changing the installation direction of the spark plug 100a.
- the ignitability evaluation test was performed according to the method described in FIG.
- the spark plug of the sample used at this time is the spark plug 100a shown as the second embodiment, and further, the protrusion dimension of the insulator 10 from the front end surface 57 of the metal shell 50 is 1.5 mm, the insulator The projection size of the center electrode 20 from the tip surface 11 of 10 is 1.5 mm.
- FIG. 14A shows a spark plug used in this evaluation.
- Comparative Example # 91 one having a center electrode width Da of 1.5 mm and a ground electrode width Db of 1.7 mm was used.
- Example # 92 used the thing similar to sample # 71 of FIG. 12 (A).
- FIGS. 14 (B) and (C) show the flow of air-fuel mixture in the engine used in this evaluation, as in FIG. FIG. 14 (D) shows the evaluation test in which the spark plug is installed on the IN side (FIG. 14 (B)) and the EX side (FIG. 14 (C)) for each of Comparative Example # 91 and Example # 92.
- .BTDC stable combustion limit advance angle
- FIG. 14 (E) is a graph of the evaluation result. From the results of this evaluation test, stable combustion limit advance angle (.BTDC) in the case where the ignition performance in Example # 92 is set in the bad direction is the case in which the ignition performance in Comparative Example # 91 is set in the good direction. It can be seen that it becomes larger than the stable combustion limit advance angle (.BTDC). This indicates that the spark plug of Example # 92 has better ignition performance than Comparative Example # 91 regardless of the installation direction.
- .BTDC stable combustion limit advance angle
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the result of the ignitability evaluation test on the chamfering dimension R of the ground electrode of the spark plug 100a.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing another result of the ignitability evaluation test on the chamfering dimension R of the ground electrode of the spark plug 100a.
- the spark plug 100a of Example # 76 which is the boundary of the determination in the evaluation test shown in FIG. 12A, is used as a sample.
- the spark plug 100a of Example # 86 which is the boundary of the determination in the evaluation test shown in FIG. 13A, was used as a sample. Then, for each sample, while changing the chamfering dimension R (Fig. 5) of the ground electrode, the stable combustion limit advance angle (.BTDC) is obtained and the ratio is shown as the ratio of "% decrease in ignitability" is there.
- the method of calculating the rate of decrease in ignitability is as described in FIG.
- FIG. 15 (B) is a graph of the evaluation result of FIG. 15 (A).
- FIG. 16 (B) is a graph of the evaluation result of FIG. 16 (A).
- the ignitability is improved as the chamfered dimension R of the ground electrode is larger. This is because, when the ground electrode 30a is viewed from the cross section, the larger the chamfer dimensions (mm) at the four corners, the more the flow of the mixture into the spark gap is promoted. From the above, it can be seen that in the spark plug 100a of the second embodiment, when the ground electrode 30a is viewed from the cross section, it is preferable to set the chamfering dimension (mm) at the four corners to 0.3 mm or more.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing the results of a durability evaluation test performed while changing the cross-sectional area of the ground electrode.
- a spark plug is attached to a 6800 gasoline engine with a displacement of 2800 cc, and continuous operation is performed for 100 hours at a constant rotation of 5000 rpm, and the degree of exhaustion of the ground electrode before and after the test The (gap increase mm) was measured.
- the spark plug of the sample used at this time is the spark plug 100 shown as the first embodiment, and further has the following configuration.
- the outer diameter of the metal shell 50 is M14 ii)
- Initial spark gap between center electrode 20 and ground electrode 30 is 0.9 mm iii)
- the projection size of the insulator 10 from the front end surface 57 of the metal shell 50 is 1.5 mm iv)
- the projection size of the center electrode 20 from the end face 11 of the insulator 10 is 1.5 mm v)
- the diameter DD (FIG. 3) of the tip surface 22 of the center electrode 20 is 1.3 mm vi)
- the composition of the center electrode 20 and the ground electrode 30 is about 95 wt% of Ni, about 1.5 wt% of Cr, about 1.5 wt% of Si, and about 2 wt% of Mn
- FIG. 17A center electrodes of a plurality of samples # 61 to # 64 in which the cross-sectional area in the direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the ground electrode 30 (hereinafter also referred to as “cross-sectional area of the ground electrode”) is changed.
- the amount of increase in spark gap between the point 20 and the ground electrode 30 was obtained and represented as "increase in gap (mm)". In this evaluation, if the spark gap increases by 0.2 mm or more, the discharge is not performed at the normal position, and the side spark may occur.
- FIG. 17 (B) is a graph of the evaluation result of FIG. 17 (A).
- the cross-sectional area of the ground electrode is preferably 1 mm 2 or more.
- the amount of increase of the spark gap between the center electrode and the ground electrode largely depends on the heat escapeability of the ground electrode (hereinafter also referred to as “heat transfer”). In general, a spark plug in operation is heated to a constant temperature corresponding to operating conditions, and reaches a maximum temperature at the tip of the spark plug ignition portion. And, the thinner the ground electrode, the worse the heat transfer. As a result, the wear rate of the ground electrode is increased.
- the cross-sectional area of the ground electrode is preferably 1 mm 2 or more regardless of the shape of the cross-sectional area of the ground electrode in order to enhance the durability. From the above, it is understood that also in the spark plugs of the second to fourth embodiments, the cross-sectional area of the ground electrode is preferably 1 mm 2 or more.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the results of the ignition performance evaluation test regarding the ground electrode width of the spark plug 100d.
- FIG. 21 is a view showing another result of the ignitability evaluation test on the ground electrode width of the spark plug 100d.
- FIG. 20A shows experimental results of Samples # 201 to # 205 in which the center electrode width Da (FIG. 18) is fixed to 1.5 mm.
- FIG. 21A shows the experimental results of Samples # 211 to # 215 in which the center electrode width Da (FIG. 18) is fixed to 2.0 mm.
- the cross section of the portion corresponding to the base portion 33d and the cross section of the portion corresponding to the end portion 31d have the same diameter, so the ground electrode width Db and the ground electrode diameter Sa have the same value.
- the stable combustion limit advance angle ( ⁇ BTDC) is determined while changing the ground electrode width Db (FIG. 18), and the ratio is represented by “ignition reduction rate (%)”.
- the method of calculating the rate of decrease in ignitability is as described in FIG.
- FIG. 20 (B) is a graph of the evaluation result of FIG. 20 (A).
- FIG. 21 (B) is a graph of the evaluation result of FIG. 21 (A).
- sample # 201 can obtain even better results than the example of samples # 1 and # 71.
- sample # 213 shown in FIG. 21 The experimental results of sample # 213 shown in FIG. 21 are compared with sample # 28 (first embodiment, FIG. 9) and sample # 86 (second embodiment, FIG. 13) tested under the same conditions.
- the ignitability reduction rate is 92.0%.
- the spark plug 100d of the fifth embodiment preferably satisfies the relationship of Db / Da ⁇ 0.99, and more preferably satisfies the relationship of Db / Da ⁇ 0.92. .
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the results of a durability evaluation test performed while changing the length of the flat portion of the ground electrode.
- a spark plug is attached to a 3-cylinder gasoline engine with a displacement of 660 cc, and continuous operation is performed for 150 hours at a constant rotation of 6000 rpm, and the degree of exhaustion of the ground electrode before and after the test The (gap increase mm) was measured.
- the spark plug of the sample used at this time is the spark plug 100 d shown as the fifth embodiment, and further has the following configuration.
- the outer diameter of the metal shell 50 is M10 ii)
- the initial spark gap between the center electrode 20 and the ground electrode 30d is 0.85 mm iii)
- the length from the front end surface 57 of the metal shell 50 to the front end surface 22 of the center electrode 20 is 3.0 mm iv)
- the diameter DD (FIG. 3) of the tip surface 22 of the center electrode 20 is 2.0 mm (samples # 221 to # 223), 2.5 mm (samples # 231 to # 233)
- FIG. 22A the increase in the spark gap between the center electrode 20 and the ground electrode 30d is obtained for a plurality of samples # 221 to # 223 in which the flat portion length Sc (FIG. 18) of the ground electrode 30 is changed. It was expressed as "gap increase (mm)". In this evaluation, if the spark gap increases by 0.2 mm or more, the discharge is not performed at the normal position, and the side spark may occur. .
- FIG. 22 (B) is a graph showing the evaluation results of the samples # 221 to # 223 of FIG. 22 (A).
- FIG. 22 (C) is a graph of the evaluation results of the samples # 231 to # 233 of FIG. 22 (A).
- the length Sc of the flat portion is preferably 0.57 mm or more, and more preferably 0.75 mm or more.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the results of a durability evaluation test performed while changing the composition of the center electrode.
- this durability evaluation test after attaching a spark plug to a three-cylinder gasoline engine with a displacement of 660 cc, set the stable combustion limit advance angle (.BTDC) to 5 °, and the air-fuel ratio (A / F) to 10.7. Continuous operation for 100 hours was performed at a constant rotation of 4000 rpm, and the degree of wear (gap increase mm) of the center electrode before and after the test was measured.
- the spark plug of the sample used at this time is the spark plug 100 d shown as the fifth embodiment, and further has the following configuration.
- the outer diameter of the metal shell 50 is M10 ii)
- the initial spark gap between the center electrode 20 and the ground electrode 30d is 0.85 mm iii)
- the length from the front end surface 57 of the metal shell 50 to the front end surface 22 of the center electrode 20 is 3.0 mm iv)
- the diameter DD (FIG. 3) of the tip surface 22 of the center electrode 20 is 1.5 mm v)
- the width Sa (FIG. 18) of the tip 31d of the ground electrode 30d is 1.3 mm
- FIG. 23A shows the composition of the ground electrode 30d used in the durability evaluation test.
- FIG. 23B for the plurality of samples # 301 to # 304 in which the composition of the center electrode 20 is changed, the increase amount of the spark gap between the center electrode 20 and the ground electrode 30d is obtained. Expressed as ")". In this evaluation, if the spark gap increases by 0.2 mm or more, the discharge may not be performed at the normal position, and the side spray may occur. ). Note that in each of FIGS. 23A and 23B, the unit is represented by mass percentage (wt%). Further, Ni is obtained as a value obtained by subtracting the analysis value (wt%) of another material from 100 wt%.
- the center electrode 20 has less protrusion into the combustion chamber as compared to the ground electrode 30d, and the temperature is less likely to rise. For this reason, it is preferable to use, for the center electrode 20, an electrode material having a small additive content and a small specific resistance, in which the fire resistance to fire is emphasized.
- the center electrode 20 be a Ni alloy containing 96.5 wt% or more of Ni. Further, for the reason described above, also in the spark plug of the other embodiment, it is preferable that the center electrode be a Ni alloy containing 96.5 wt% or more of Ni.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing the results of a durability evaluation test performed while changing the composition of the ground electrode. This durability evaluation test was performed according to the method described in FIG. Further, the spark plug of the sample used at this time is the spark plug 100 d shown as the fifth embodiment, and further has the same configuration as the configuration described in FIG.
- FIG. 24A shows the composition of the center electrode 20 used in the durability evaluation test.
- FIG. 24B the increase amount of the spark gap between the center electrode 20 and the ground electrode 30d is obtained for a plurality of samples # 311 to # 313 in which the composition of the ground electrode 30d is changed. Expressed as ")".
- the spark gap increases by 0.2 mm or more, the discharge may not be performed at the normal position, and the side spray may occur.
- the unit is represented by mass percentage (wt%).
- Ni is obtained as a value obtained by subtracting the analysis value (wt%) of another material from 100 wt%.
- the larger the ratio of Cr in the composition of the ground electrode 30d the smaller the amount of increase in the spark gap, that is, the higher the durability.
- the ground electrode 30d has a larger protrusion into the combustion chamber than the center electrode 20, and the temperature is likely to rise. Furthermore, since the ground electrode 30d in the present embodiment is formed narrower than the center electrode 20, the temperature is more likely to rise. For this reason, it is preferable to use, as the ground electrode 30d, an electrode material containing a large amount of Cr for forming a stable oxide film, in which importance is attached to oxidation resistance.
- the ground electrode 30d is preferably made of a Ni alloy containing 15 wt% or more of Cr. Further, for the reason described above, it is preferable that the ground electrode be a Ni alloy containing 15 wt% or more of Cr as well in the spark plugs of the other embodiments.
- Modification 1 In the above embodiment, the vertical discharge type has been described as an example, but the positional relationship between the tip of the ground electrode and the tip of the center electrode is appropriately set according to the application of the spark plug, the required performance, etc. It is possible. In addition, a plurality of ground electrodes may be provided for one center electrode.
- the cross section of the ground electrode is described as being substantially rectangular, substantially elliptical, or substantially circular.
- the shape of the cross section of the ground electrode is not limited to this, and can be various shapes.
Landscapes
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
こうすれば、エンジンに取り付けられた際に、接地電極の向きによって混合気が火花ギャップに到達しにくくなるという現象を緩和することができるので、中心電極や接地電極に貴金属部材を用いないスパークプラグにおける着火性を向上させることができる。
こうすれば、先端部の面が面取りされることによって火花ギャップ内への混合気の流入が促されるため、接地電極の幅をやや大きな値に維持しながら、上述したスパークプラグと同様の効果を得ることができる。
こうすれば、基部の形状が略円柱形となるため、混合気が滑らかに火花ポイントに送り出される。この結果、接地電極の幅をやや大きな値に維持しながら、さらに着火性を向上させることができる。
こうすれば、基部の形状が略円柱形となるため、混合気が滑らかに火花ポイントに送り出される。この結果、さらに着火性を向上させることができる。
こうすれば、接地電極の耐久性を確保しながら、上述したスパークプラグと同様の効果を得ることができる。
こうすれば、スパークプラグの放電は中心電極の2つの肩部と接地電極との間で発生しやすい傾向があるため、エンジンに取り付けられた際の接地電極の向きによらず、混合気が放電による火花の位置に到達しやすくなる。この結果、着火性を向上させることができる。
こうすれば、接地電極の加工の容易性を確保しながら、上述したスパークプラグと同様の効果を得ることができる。
こうすれば、接地電極の耐久性を確保しながら、上述したスパークプラグと同様の効果を得ることができる。
こうすれば、中心電極の耐久性を確保しながら、着火性を向上させることができる。
こうすれば、接地電極の耐久性を確保しながら、着火性を向上させることができる。
A.各種の実施形態:
B.実験結果1(接地電極幅に関する実験結果):
C.実験結果2(接地電極幅と面取り寸法に関する実験結果):
D.実験結果3(接地電極の断面積に関する実験結果):
E.実験結果4(接地電極幅と接地電極径に関する実験結果):
F.実験結果5(接地電極の平坦部の長さに関する実験結果):
G.実験結果6(中心電極の組成に関する実験結果):
H.実験結果7(接地電極の組成に関する実験結果):
I.変形例:
図1は本発明の一実施形態としてのスパークプラグ100の部分断面図である。なお、図1において、スパークプラグ100の軸線方向ODを図面における上下方向とし、下側をスパークプラグ100の先端側、上側を後端側として説明する。スパークプラグ100は、絶縁体として絶縁碍子10と、この絶縁碍子10を保持する主体金具50と、絶縁碍子10内に軸線方向ODに保持された中心電極20と、接地電極30と、絶縁碍子10の後端部に設けられた端子金具40とを備えている。
Sa≧Da>Db
Sa≧Da>Db
Sa≧Da>Db
図8は、スパークプラグ100の接地電極幅に関する着火性評価試験の結果を示す図である。また、図9は、スパークプラグ100の接地電極幅に関する着火性評価試験の他の結果を示す図である。これらの着火性評価試験では、排気量2000cc、6気筒のDOHC型ガソリンエンジンにスパークプラグを装着した上で、吸気圧-550mmHg、750rpmでアイドリング運転を行った。そしてスパークプラグの点火時期を進めていき、失火等が生じない点火時期(以下、「安定燃焼限界進角」と呼ぶ。)を測定した。このとき使用したサンプルのスパークプラグは、第1実施形態として示したスパークプラグ100であって、さらに、主体金具50の先端面57からの絶縁碍子10の突出寸法が1.5mm、絶縁碍子10の先端面11からの中心電極20の突出寸法が1.5mmのものである。
図12は、スパークプラグ100aの接地電極幅に関する着火性評価試験の結果を示す図である。また、図13は、スパークプラグ100aの接地電極幅に関する着火性評価試験の他の結果を示す図である。これらの着火性評価試験は、図8および図9で述べた方法に即して実施した。また、このとき使用したサンプルのスパークプラグは、第2実施形態として示したスパークプラグ100aであって、さらに、主体金具50の先端面57からの絶縁碍子10の突出寸法が1.5mm、絶縁碍子10の先端面11からの中心電極20の突出寸法が1.5mmのものである。
図17は、接地電極の断面積を変化させながら実施した耐久性評価試験の結果を示す図である。この耐久性評価試験では、排気量2800cc、6気筒のガソリンエンジンにスパークプラグを装着した上で、5000rpmの一定回転で100時間の継続運転を行い、試験開始前と開始後の接地電極の消耗度合い(ギャップ増加mm)を測定した。このとき使用したサンプルのスパークプラグは、第1実施形態として示したスパークプラグ100であって、さらに、以下のような構成を有するものである。
ii)中心電極20と接地電極30との間の初期火花ギャップは0.9mm
iii)主体金具50の先端面57からの絶縁碍子10の突出寸法は1.5mm
iv)絶縁碍子10の先端面11からの中心電極20の突出寸法は1.5mm
v)中心電極20の先端面22の径DD(図3)は1.3mm
vi)中心電極20および接地電極30の組成は、Niが約95wt%、Crが約1.5wt%、Siが約1.5wt%、Mnが約2wt%
図20は、スパークプラグ100dの接地電極幅に関する着火性評価試験の結果を示す図である。また、図21は、スパークプラグ100dの接地電極幅に関する着火性評価試験の他の結果を示す図である。これらの着火性評価試験は、図8および図9で述べた方法に即して実施した。また、このとき使用したサンプルのスパークプラグは、第5実施形態として示したスパークプラグ100dであって、さらに、主体金具50の先端面57からの絶縁碍子10の突出寸法が1.5mm、絶縁碍子10の先端面11からの中心電極20の突出寸法が1.5mmのものである。
図22は、接地電極の平坦部の長さを変化させながら実施した耐久性評価試験の結果を示す図である。この耐久性評価試験では、排気量660cc、3気筒のガソリンエンジンにスパークプラグを装着した上で、6000rpmの一定回転で150時間の継続運転を行い、試験開始前と開始後の接地電極の消耗度合い(ギャップ増加mm)を測定した。このとき使用したサンプルのスパークプラグは、第5実施形態として示したスパークプラグ100dであって、さらに、以下のような構成を有するものである。
ii)中心電極20と接地電極30dとの間の初期火花ギャップは0.85mm
iii)主体金具50の先端面57から中心電極20の先端面22までの長さは3.0mm
iv)中心電極20の先端面22の径DD(図3)は、2.0mm(サンプル#221~#223)、2.5mm(サンプル#231~#233)
図23は、中心電極の組成を変化させながら実施した耐久性評価試験の結果を示す図である。この耐久性評価試験では、排気量660cc、3気筒のガソリンエンジンにスパークプラグを装着した上で、安定燃焼限界進角(・BTDC)を5°、空燃比(A/F)を10.7とし、4000rpmの一定回転で100時間の継続運転を行い、試験開始前と開始後の中心電極の消耗度合い(ギャップ増加mm)を測定した。このとき使用したサンプルのスパークプラグは、第5実施形態として示したスパークプラグ100dであって、さらに、以下のような構成を有するものである。
ii)中心電極20と接地電極30dとの間の初期火花ギャップは0.85mm
iii)主体金具50の先端面57から中心電極20の先端面22までの長さは3.0mm
iv)中心電極20の先端面22の径DD(図3)は、1.5mm
v)接地電極30dの先端部31dの幅Sa(図18)は、1.3mm
図24は、接地電極の組成を変化させながら実施した耐久性評価試験の結果を示す図である。この耐久性評価試験は、図23で述べた方法に即して実施した。また、このとき使用したサンプルのスパークプラグは、第5実施形態として示したスパークプラグ100dであって、さらに、図23で述べた構成と同じ構成を有するものである。
なお、この発明は上記の実施例や実施形態に限られるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲において種々の態様において実施することが可能であり、例えば次のような変形も可能である。
上記実施形態では、縦放電型を例として説明したが、接地電極の先端部と、中心電極の先端部との位置関係は、スパークプラグの用途や、必要とされる性能等に応じて適宜設定することが可能である。また、1つの中心電極に対して複数の接地電極が設けられる構成とすることもできる。
上記実施形態では、接地電極の横断面は略長方形、略楕円形、または略円形であるものとして説明した。しかし、接地電極の横断面の形状は、これに限られず、様々な形状とすることが可能である。
4・シール体
5・ガスケット
6・リング部材
7・リング部材
8・板パッキン
9・タルク
10・絶縁碍子
11・先端面
12・軸孔
13・脚長部
15・段部
17・先端側胴部
18・後端側胴部
19・鍔部
20・中心電極
20c・肩部
21・電極母材
22・先端面
25・芯材
30、30a~e・接地電極
31、31a~e・先端部
32、32a~e・放電面
33、33a~e・基部
34、34a~c・基端部
40・端子金具
50・主体金具
51・工具係合部
52・取付ネジ部
53・加締部
54・シール部
55・座面
56・段部
57・先端面
58・座屈部
59・ネジ首
100、100a~e・スパークプラグ
200・エンジンヘッド
201・取付ネジ孔
205・開口周縁部
Claims (12)
- 軸線方向に延在する中心電極と、
前記中心電極の外周に設けられる絶縁体と、
前記絶縁体の径方向を取り囲む筒状の主体金具と、
前記軸線方向に垂直又は略垂直な放電面を有し、前記放電面と前記中心電極の先端との間で火花ギャップを形成する接地電極と、
を備え、
前記中心電極および前記接地電極はいずれも貴金属部材を備えておらず、
前記軸線方向のうち、前記中心電極から前記接地電極の放電面に向かう方向を下方向とし、前記下方向と逆の方向を上方向としたとき、
前記接地電極は、
前記主体金具に接合されているとともに、前記放電面よりも上に存在する基部と、
前記基部に連続して前記基部よりも下に設けられているとともに、前記放電面を有する先端部と、
を備え、
前記軸線方向と直交するとともに、前記基部から前記中心電極に向かう方向を第1の方向とし、
前記第1の方向から見た前記中心電極の幅をDaとし、
前記第1の方向から見た前記基部の幅をDbとしたとき、
Db/Da≦0.92
を満たすことを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 軸線方向に延在する中心電極と、
前記中心電極の外周に設けられる絶縁体と、
前記絶縁体の径方向を取り囲む筒状の主体金具と、
前記軸線方向に垂直又は略垂直な放電面を有し、前記放電面と前記中心電極の先端との間で火花ギャップを形成する接地電極と、
を備え、
前記中心電極および前記接地電極はいずれも貴金属部材を備えておらず、
前記軸線方向のうち、前記中心電極から前記接地電極の放電面に向かう方向を下方向とし、前記下方向と逆の方向を上方向としたとき、
前記接地電極は、
前記主体金具に接合されているとともに、前記放電面よりも上側に存在する基部と、
前記基部に連続して前記基部よりも下側に設けられているとともに、前記放電面を有する先端部と、
を備え、
前記軸線方向と直交するとともに、前記基部から前記中心電極に向かう方向を第1の方向とし、
前記第1の方向から見た前記中心電極の幅をDaとし、
前記第1の方向から見た前記基部の幅をDbとしたとき、
Db/Da≦0.99
を満たし、かつ、
前記第1の方向とは逆の方向から見た前記先端部の面は、その四隅を曲線または直線で面取りした形状を有しており、前記面取りの寸法は0.3mm以上であることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 軸線方向に延在する中心電極と、
前記中心電極の外周に設けられる絶縁体と、
前記絶縁体の径方向を取り囲む筒状の主体金具と、
前記軸線方向に垂直又は略垂直な放電面を有し、前記放電面と前記中心電極の先端との間で火花ギャップを形成する接地電極と、
を備え、
前記中心電極および前記接地電極はいずれも貴金属部材を備えておらず、
前記軸線方向のうち、前記中心電極から前記接地電極の放電面に向かう方向を下方向とし、前記下方向と逆の方向を上方向としたとき、
前記接地電極は、
前記主体金具に接合されているとともに、前記放電面よりも上に存在する基部と、
前記基部に連続して前記基部よりも下に設けられているとともに、前記放電面を有する先端部と、
を備え、
前記軸線方向と直交するとともに、前記基部から前記中心電極に向かう方向を第1の方向とし、
前記第1の方向から見た前記中心電極の幅をDaとし、
前記第1の方向から見た前記基部の幅をDbとしたとき、
Db/Da≦0.99
を満たし、かつ、
前記接地電極の、前記第1の方向とは逆の方向から見た前記先端部の面の形状は、略円形の一部を略直線で切りとった形状であり、
前記放電面は、前記略直線で切りとられた形状の弦の位置に相当する面であることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項3に記載のスパークプラグであって、
Db/Da≦0.92
を満たすことを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項3または4記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記略直線で切りとられた形状の弦の長さは0.57mm以上であることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第1の方向に沿って前記接地電極を前記中心電極に投影したときに、前記中心電極上に投影される前記接地電極の影が前記中心電極の先端面の2つの肩部のいずれにも形成されないように、前記接地電極と前記中心電極が形成されていることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1ないし6のいずれか一項記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記第1の方向から見た前記先端部の幅が前記基部の幅と等しいことを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1ないし7のいずれか一項記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記中心電極の前記軸線方向と直交する断面は、その直径DDが、
1.3mm≦DD≦2mm
を満たす円形であることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1ないし8のいずれか一項記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記接地電極の前記基部と前記先端部とが同一の断面積を有しており、該断面積が1mm2以上であることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1ないし9のいずれか一項記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記主体金具のエンジンヘッドと係合するネジのネジ径がM10以下であることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1ないし10のいずれか一項記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記中心電極は、Niを96.5wt%以上含有するNi合金であることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。 - 請求項1ないし11のいずれか一項記載のスパークプラグであって、
前記接地電極は、Crを15wt%以上含有するNi合金であることを特徴とする、スパークプラグ。
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US12/999,417 US8288931B2 (en) | 2008-06-18 | 2009-06-04 | Spark plug having a center electrode and a ground electrode provided with no noble metal member |
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Cited By (6)
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JP2012256590A (ja) * | 2011-05-19 | 2012-12-27 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | スパークプラグ |
WO2013008377A1 (ja) * | 2011-07-11 | 2013-01-17 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
WO2013076887A1 (ja) * | 2011-11-25 | 2013-05-30 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
WO2013157173A1 (ja) * | 2012-04-16 | 2013-10-24 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
JP2013222676A (ja) * | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-28 | Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd | スパークプラグ |
CN103392277A (zh) * | 2011-02-25 | 2013-11-13 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | 火花塞 |
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JP5118695B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-20 | 2013-01-16 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 内燃機関用スパークプラグ及びスパークプラグの製造方法 |
CN102790358B (zh) * | 2011-05-19 | 2015-07-08 | 日本特殊陶业株式会社 | 火花塞 |
JP5955668B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-03 | 2016-07-20 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | 点火プラグ |
JP6337877B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-06-06 | マツダ株式会社 | 内燃機関の燃焼室構造 |
JP2017174681A (ja) | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | 株式会社デンソー | 内燃機関用のスパークプラグ |
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EP2299551A1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
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